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Top Document: Win95 FAQ Part 2 of 14: Re/Un/Installation Previous Document: 2.1. Basics about Win95 vs. Win 3.x and DOS Next Document: 2.3. How do I install Windows 95 from... See reader questions & answers on this topic! - Help others by sharing your knowledge
Well, let me get some basics about the Win95 setup straight first.
Floppy users should first virus-scan their systems before installing
from floppies. MS's Knowledge Base article Q136111 explains how
viruses can ruin your second disk, because that disk is in DMF (1.68
MB) format. A boot-record virus will remove the DMF boot record,
rendering it useless. Alternatively, you can Write-protect the disks;
Some idiot at MS's production lab decided they should ship all
Microsoft disks write-enabled. That same KB article describes that,
while Setup will try to write to Disk 2 with your name and
registration info, you can leave the disk write-protected and tell
Setup to ignore the write-protect error.
CD-ROM users: make sure you can read the CD-ROM from DOS. This means
loading a real-mode CD-ROM driver into your DOS config, either already
on your hard disk or from your boot floppy.
Network users: If you're installing from floppies or CD-ROM, pay
attention to the above notes as though it were a stand alone computer.
If you install Win95 through the network instead, also read the
notes in 2.3.3 below. Don't forget to ask your Administrator if you
can install Win95; he has to make preparations to his server to let it
work!
* 2.2.1. ...nothing else on it?
You need to prepare a File Allocation Table (FAT) partition on your
hard drive to install Windows 95 to. The first bootable partition must
use FAT file system, regardless of where you install Win95. If you
bought the Win95 package designed for PCs without Windows (meaning not
the upgrade) it will come with a startup disk for this purpose. The
startup disk works much like the setup disk for MS-DOS 6.22; it will
create a partition and format it for you. The disk also contains the
traditional MS-DOS utilities like fdisk, format, sys, himem.sys, to do
this manually.
It will then ask for Setup Disk 1 or the CD-ROM, which installs the
Win95 setup wizard to take you the rest of the way.
NOTE: Some OEM CD-ROM distributors might not have included an MS-DOS
driver for the CD-ROM drive on the startup disk. If this is so, when
the boot disk setup asks you for the CD-ROM disk, it won't find it.
Tell the manufacturer to correct this. If you're adventurous enough to
do this yourself, the config.sys and autoexec.bat files on the boot
disk have instructions on how to add your DOS CD-ROM driver.
If you choose to install the upgrade version on to an empty system,
you will need a boot disk with the DOS utilities I mentioned. You will
also need your Windows 3.1 Disk 1, as proof that you're eligible for
the upgrade. Part way through preparing the inital setup, it will ask
you to "locate" the original installation of Windows 3.1, at which
point you can insert your Windows 3.1 disk 1 and have Setup search
there for it.
4.00.950B users must use their Win95 boot disk (DOS 7.1), add any
needed CD-ROM or network drivers, AND use that particular version of
fdisk to create FAT32 partitions. If you don't want to use FAT32 you
can use any DOS version to create hard disk partitions and run the
Setup from. I could install 4.00.950B with only a DOS 6.22 boot disk.
* 2.2.2. ...DOS and Windows 3.x on it?
Most likely you will have the upgrade version of Win95, and in the
case of the CD-ROM version, you will already have a DOS CD-ROM driver
loaded and working. Microsoft recommends you run Win95 setup from
within Windows 3.1, which does work, but if you plan on installing
Win95 in a separate directory than your existing Windows, you should
run setup from DOS instead. Keep it simple.
If you install from within Windows 3.1, and you choose to install on
top of your existing Windows, be sure to allow Setup to copy your
existing configuration in case you wish to uninstall Win95 later.
A safer bet is to install Win95 in its own directory, which gives you
the option to dual-boot between your original DOS and Win95.
Uninstalling then becomes a simple matter of deltree c:\win95, and
removing the remaining traces from the root directory (including a sys
c: to restore the original DOS system files).
* 2.2.3. ...Stacker (TM) disk compression?
Microsoft recommends to uncompress your drive before installing Win95,
but it does work with real-mode Stacker drivers. Just install
normally, but keep your real-mode Stacker disk drivers installed when
you do. You will lose performance on disk access as long as you
maintain your DOS version of Stacker. Otherwise the same rules apply
as for DOS and Windows 3.x.
* 2.2.4. ...>500 MB drive running Disk Mangler, DriveLamer, etc?
These disk managers allow systems, that otherwise can't handle drives
with more than 1024 cylinders, to work with these drives. They're
typically larger than 500 megabytes.
Ontrack's Disk Manager and MicroHouse's DrivePro work OK with Win95's
32-bit disk drivers, so you can install like you could for an upgrade,
but you should consider a BIOS upgrade and a system backup before
attempting to install Win95 on systems with disks bigger than 500
megabytes. These disk managers are vulnerable to boot record viruses,
making your system unstartable! On a system that supports large hard
drives by design, a virus strike will not cause such damage (though it
will do other nasty stuff of course; at least the virus is easier to
remove!)
Warning on FAT32: Ontrack's Disk Manager 7.0 or earlier does not work
with protected mode disk drivers and FAT32 (it does seem to work with
MS-DOS mode access though). If you must keep the disk mangler because
your BIOS does not work with disks larger than 500 MB, use normal FAT
instead.
Let me get this 1024 cylinder nonsense straightened out once and for
all. IBM compatibles, ever since the XT, cannot start from a hard
drive partition with more than 1024 cylinders, even though partitions
may exist beyond that and may even be accessible after starting up.
The original FAT file system cannot exceed this 1024 cylinder limit
either, and FAT partitions can't go past cylinder 1024, regardless of
the total number of cylinders. Other file systems easily handle this,
but not FAT, nor VFAT (Win95). And no Intel-based PC on this planet
can boot from any hard drive partition that sits beyond this limit,
regardless of the file system!
Disk manager hacks and LBA translation reduce the number of "logical"
cylinders, and usually increase the number of "logical" heads to
compensate, in order for these lame PCs to boot up from such a hard
drive. Since LBA translation is built in to most Intel-based PCs
today, use it. Or upgrade your BIOS. Don't use software to
accomplish this translation, and don't waste time with other software
hacks or "magic" to work around this.
One precaution to prevent a virus strike (and other mistakes, like
booting off a non-system disk), is to set your BIOS to always boot
from drive C: (like C: first, A: second, or C, A) so your disk manager
software will always load before anything else does.
A very kind representative from Ontrack took the time to clear up the
statements I made in this particular FAQ question:
2. If you have a "normal" DOS MBR, and the system gets hit
with a boot-sector virus. Oh, yes, the PC boots, but the
nasty virus is lurking to do its dirty work with no warning
from DOS at all.
3. Now, if you have Ontrack's Dynamic Drive Overlay (DDO),
the virus over-writes part of the DDO code, and the user
cannot boot the PC, but usually gets a warning like "DDO
Integrity Error" which means just what it states, something
has corrupted the DDO code. In most cases, that "something"
is the nasty virus. The user gets a warning, knows something
is wrong, and then is able to take the steps to remedy the damage.
These two points are the ones I'll ponder here:
2) If the PC can at least boot, you will be able to start your system
with some kind of boot disk (Remember the Startup Disk? Did you
make one?) and run a DOS version of a virus killer to remove the boot
record virus. Win95's quite attentive in this respect; you'll know if
you have a boot record virus as soon as the Desktop appears. Oh you
could load DDO drivers in config.sys on the boot disk (DM 6.03
includes instructions on how to do this) but you still won't be able
to repair the DDO partition table without destroying the rest of the
disk (since the virus already destroyed it). The best you could do is
back up the data onto another hard disk (At last there's a use for
DOSLFNBK; the real mode DOS long filename backup utility) and
install the Win95 DOS startup files (SYS x: (x=Target drive)) on it.
Regardless of our Ontrack friend's claims, I did not find a utility on
the DM disk to repair the DDO partition table without destroying
everything afterwards (DDO boot record, FATs, directory tree, etc)
3) I didn't get any warning at all besides "Non-system disk or disk
error" on the virus infected DDO drive. If I were a typical reader of
this FAQ, meaning, "All I know how to do is hit the Start button, tell
me more," this error message would mean nothing more to me than, "my
hard disk is toast, please help me fix it."
Here's more from our Ontrack rep:
Just another tidbit on the off-chance that you are unaware
of new BIOS limitations. There are a number of newer LBA
BIOS's that have limitations at 2.1GB, 3.27GB as well as
4.2GB. Here again, Ontrack's Disk Manager comes back into
play to solve these problems.
Uh-huh. Didn't Award fix that with their 4.50G BIOS? Wasn't that
released in early 1995? Doesn't standard FAT have a partition size
limit of 2 GB? Doesn't FAT32 work with larger disks anyways?
* 2.2.5. ...Double/DriveSpace (TM) disk compression?
Simply perform your normal installation as per the Upgrade.
Win95 comes with 32-bit versions of the DoubleSpace/DriveSpace drivers
and they will unload the real mode drivers from memory when Win95
runs.
4.00.950B comes with DriveSpace 3 and the utilities needed to convert
existing compressed drives to DriveSpace 3. You should pay attention
to the info in FAQ page 11 for more help.
* 2.2.6. ...OS/2 (TM) ? (any 2.x or higher version)
Microsoft does not support installing Win95 on systems with OS/2, any
version. Attempting to install Win95 on a system like this will wipe
out any capability of starting OS/2.
However, if you use Boot Manager, you can install Win95 in a partition
of its own, or in the same partition as MS-DOS. This will isolate
Win95 from OS/2. Setup will temporarily disable Boot Manager by making
the DOS partition the active partition. To re-enable Boot Manager
after installing Win95, run fdisk and make the Boot Manager partition
(the little 1 MB partition of type Non-DOS) the active partition
again. This also has the advantage of using HPFS file system on the
OS/2 boot partition.
Of course, installing Win95 on an HPFS partition is not possible.
Win95 doesn't have any HPFS file system drivers yet, though I'm hoping
for it.
* 2.2.7. ...Windows NT (TM) ?
Supposedly, Setup will recognize NTLDR.COM and insert itself into the
list of OSes to boot from. As long as you have a FAT partition to
install Win95 to, this will work. Win95 does not support installation
on an NTFS partition either.
If you want to triple-boot between DOS, Win95, and NT, MS has some
wicked setup procedure that lets you use NTLDR to pick your booting OS
(like OS/2's Boot Manager). The details are in the Win95 Resource Kit.
WARNING: Do not install Windows NT 4.0 on top of an existing Win95
installation! Likewise don't install Win95 on top of NT. The Registry
acts quite differently between these versions.
* 2.2.8. ...no hard drive? (diskless station)
NOT RECOMMENDED, though it is possible. The big reason is Win95 will
use a network drive for its Virtual Memory swap file, which will cause
heavy traffic on the file server. Put minimum 16 MB memory on each
diskless workstation, to minimize swapping to the server. Also see
How to prevent random hard drive access, to further reduce server
swapping.
To perform a diskless install of Win95, you need a server based
install already on the file server. You also need a real mode
connection to the network (either on a boot disk, or a virtual floppy
on the file server via a boot EPROM on the network card). You merely
install all the Win95 files into your home directory, wherever that
is. Unfortunately, this only works with real mode network clients; you
can't use 32-bit network components on a completely diskless
workstation.
If you use a boot EPROM, you need to make a virtual boot disk with the
Win95 system files (IO.SYS etc) on it. Use whatever utilities come
with your network server to do this. Other details are in Microsoft's
Knowledge Base article Q133349.
* 2.2.9. ...notebook computer?
You merely install it on the notebook as you would on any other
computer. Because of complications with CD-ROM and network support on
some notebook computers, I suggest you use the floppy disk version
because you don't need to load any fancy drivers, as compared to the
CD-ROM version, to get running.
Setup will recognize special brands of notebook computers (Toshiba and
Zenith for example), and you should change the "Computer Type" if it
did not. This lets Setup tune the power management features to work
with it.
Once you finish, run the PC Card control panel (My Computer / Control
Panel / PC Card) to let Win95 install 32-bit PC card support for it.
* 2.2.10. How do I copy my Win95 installation to another hard drive?
First, don't use xcopy. I'm telling you this up front because too many
people out there just can't get this image-copying of Win95 right.
Sure, there are utilities for copying the long filenames etc from DOS,
but not all of us can handle this. So here's my sure fire way of
copying Win95 from one hard drive to another and keeping ALL settings
in tact.
1. Hook up your target hard drive and partition it using fdisk or
whatever. Let's say it's Drive D: but it could be any drive
letter. Use a Primary partition. Don't worry about making it
active; we do that later.
2. Run Win95, and right-click on the target drive and hit "Format..."
Make sure you turn on "Copy system files" (so it copies the IO.SYS
and boot record properly.) Quick or Full format will work; if it's
an old drive you might want to use Full format so it can scan the
surface of that disk for errors.
3. In any Explorer window, hit View / Options... and turn on "Show
all files". This way you'll copy the 20 MB or so of hidden files
and Registry, and maintain all their original attributes and long
filenames.
4. Copy the Win95 directory's contents first. (This is in case you
let Win95 manage virtual memory...) Make a folder on your target
with the same name as your Win95 directory. Then select ALL files
and folders except for WIN386.SWP if it exists, and drag them to
the Win95 folder on the target. (You can hit Edit/Select All to do
this quickly, then hold CTRL and click on the WIN386.SWP file to
unselect that file.)
5. Now copy the rest of the hard drive. Select ALL files from the
Root of the source drive, and unselect IO.SYS, COMMAND.COM,
Win386.SWP if it exists, and your Win95 directory! Be sure to
leave MSDOS.SYS selected! (Don't forget, MSDOS.SYS is really a
settings file now!) Then drag them on to your target.
6. When all this copying is done, install your target hard drive into
its system, and have a DOS 7.x (Win95 DOS) boot disk handy with
fdisk on it. Boot with that floppy, run fdisk, and make the new
partition active. Reboot with the copied disk.
7. NOTE: This step may be needed... Copy sys.com from your new
\windows\command directory, and msdos.sys from the hard drive's
root directory, to your boot disk and type sys c: from your boot
disk. Sometimes you need to rebuild the startup io.sys and
msdos.sys this way. If necessary, copy back the msdos.sys file.
NOTE: I won't post or entertain thoughts on copying a Win95
installation any other way, so stop sending me messages about
DOSLFNBK, GHOST, or any other copy utility. You will probably have to
perform steps six and seven if you use any of those utilities anyways.
User Contributions:Comment about this article, ask questions, or add new information about this topic:Top Document: Win95 FAQ Part 2 of 14: Re/Un/Installation Previous Document: 2.1. Basics about Win95 vs. Win 3.x and DOS Next Document: 2.3. How do I install Windows 95 from... Part1 - Part2 - Part3 - Part4 - Part5 - Part6 - Part7 - Part8 - Part9 - Part10 - Part11 - Part12 - Part13 - Part14 - Single Page [ Usenet FAQs | Web FAQs | Documents | RFC Index ] Send corrections/additions to the FAQ Maintainer: gordonf@intouch.bc.ca
Last Update March 27 2014 @ 02:12 PM
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