Top Document: Win95 FAQ Part 2 of 14: Re/Un/Installation Previous Document: 2.1. Basics about Win95 vs. Win 3.x and DOS Next Document: 2.3. How do I install Windows 95 from... See reader questions & answers on this topic! - Help others by sharing your knowledge Well, let me get some basics about the Win95 setup straight first. Floppy users should first virus-scan their systems before installing from floppies. MS's Knowledge Base article Q136111 explains how viruses can ruin your second disk, because that disk is in DMF (1.68 MB) format. A boot-record virus will remove the DMF boot record, rendering it useless. Alternatively, you can Write-protect the disks; Some idiot at MS's production lab decided they should ship all Microsoft disks write-enabled. That same KB article describes that, while Setup will try to write to Disk 2 with your name and registration info, you can leave the disk write-protected and tell Setup to ignore the write-protect error. CD-ROM users: make sure you can read the CD-ROM from DOS. This means loading a real-mode CD-ROM driver into your DOS config, either already on your hard disk or from your boot floppy. Network users: If you're installing from floppies or CD-ROM, pay attention to the above notes as though it were a stand alone computer. If you install Win95 through the network instead, also read the notes in 2.3.3 below. Don't forget to ask your Administrator if you can install Win95; he has to make preparations to his server to let it work! * 2.2.1. ...nothing else on it? You need to prepare a File Allocation Table (FAT) partition on your hard drive to install Windows 95 to. The first bootable partition must use FAT file system, regardless of where you install Win95. If you bought the Win95 package designed for PCs without Windows (meaning not the upgrade) it will come with a startup disk for this purpose. The startup disk works much like the setup disk for MS-DOS 6.22; it will create a partition and format it for you. The disk also contains the traditional MS-DOS utilities like fdisk, format, sys, himem.sys, to do this manually. It will then ask for Setup Disk 1 or the CD-ROM, which installs the Win95 setup wizard to take you the rest of the way. NOTE: Some OEM CD-ROM distributors might not have included an MS-DOS driver for the CD-ROM drive on the startup disk. If this is so, when the boot disk setup asks you for the CD-ROM disk, it won't find it. Tell the manufacturer to correct this. If you're adventurous enough to do this yourself, the config.sys and autoexec.bat files on the boot disk have instructions on how to add your DOS CD-ROM driver. If you choose to install the upgrade version on to an empty system, you will need a boot disk with the DOS utilities I mentioned. You will also need your Windows 3.1 Disk 1, as proof that you're eligible for the upgrade. Part way through preparing the inital setup, it will ask you to "locate" the original installation of Windows 3.1, at which point you can insert your Windows 3.1 disk 1 and have Setup search there for it. 4.00.950B users must use their Win95 boot disk (DOS 7.1), add any needed CD-ROM or network drivers, AND use that particular version of fdisk to create FAT32 partitions. If you don't want to use FAT32 you can use any DOS version to create hard disk partitions and run the Setup from. I could install 4.00.950B with only a DOS 6.22 boot disk. * 2.2.2. ...DOS and Windows 3.x on it? Most likely you will have the upgrade version of Win95, and in the case of the CD-ROM version, you will already have a DOS CD-ROM driver loaded and working. Microsoft recommends you run Win95 setup from within Windows 3.1, which does work, but if you plan on installing Win95 in a separate directory than your existing Windows, you should run setup from DOS instead. Keep it simple. If you install from within Windows 3.1, and you choose to install on top of your existing Windows, be sure to allow Setup to copy your existing configuration in case you wish to uninstall Win95 later. A safer bet is to install Win95 in its own directory, which gives you the option to dual-boot between your original DOS and Win95. Uninstalling then becomes a simple matter of deltree c:\win95, and removing the remaining traces from the root directory (including a sys c: to restore the original DOS system files). * 2.2.3. ...Stacker (TM) disk compression? Microsoft recommends to uncompress your drive before installing Win95, but it does work with real-mode Stacker drivers. Just install normally, but keep your real-mode Stacker disk drivers installed when you do. You will lose performance on disk access as long as you maintain your DOS version of Stacker. Otherwise the same rules apply as for DOS and Windows 3.x. * 2.2.4. ...>500 MB drive running Disk Mangler, DriveLamer, etc? These disk managers allow systems, that otherwise can't handle drives with more than 1024 cylinders, to work with these drives. They're typically larger than 500 megabytes. Ontrack's Disk Manager and MicroHouse's DrivePro work OK with Win95's 32-bit disk drivers, so you can install like you could for an upgrade, but you should consider a BIOS upgrade and a system backup before attempting to install Win95 on systems with disks bigger than 500 megabytes. These disk managers are vulnerable to boot record viruses, making your system unstartable! On a system that supports large hard drives by design, a virus strike will not cause such damage (though it will do other nasty stuff of course; at least the virus is easier to remove!) Warning on FAT32: Ontrack's Disk Manager 7.0 or earlier does not work with protected mode disk drivers and FAT32 (it does seem to work with MS-DOS mode access though). If you must keep the disk mangler because your BIOS does not work with disks larger than 500 MB, use normal FAT instead. Let me get this 1024 cylinder nonsense straightened out once and for all. IBM compatibles, ever since the XT, cannot start from a hard drive partition with more than 1024 cylinders, even though partitions may exist beyond that and may even be accessible after starting up. The original FAT file system cannot exceed this 1024 cylinder limit either, and FAT partitions can't go past cylinder 1024, regardless of the total number of cylinders. Other file systems easily handle this, but not FAT, nor VFAT (Win95). And no Intel-based PC on this planet can boot from any hard drive partition that sits beyond this limit, regardless of the file system! Disk manager hacks and LBA translation reduce the number of "logical" cylinders, and usually increase the number of "logical" heads to compensate, in order for these lame PCs to boot up from such a hard drive. Since LBA translation is built in to most Intel-based PCs today, use it. Or upgrade your BIOS. Don't use software to accomplish this translation, and don't waste time with other software hacks or "magic" to work around this. One precaution to prevent a virus strike (and other mistakes, like booting off a non-system disk), is to set your BIOS to always boot from drive C: (like C: first, A: second, or C, A) so your disk manager software will always load before anything else does. A very kind representative from Ontrack took the time to clear up the statements I made in this particular FAQ question: 2. If you have a "normal" DOS MBR, and the system gets hit with a boot-sector virus. Oh, yes, the PC boots, but the nasty virus is lurking to do its dirty work with no warning from DOS at all. 3. Now, if you have Ontrack's Dynamic Drive Overlay (DDO), the virus over-writes part of the DDO code, and the user cannot boot the PC, but usually gets a warning like "DDO Integrity Error" which means just what it states, something has corrupted the DDO code. In most cases, that "something" is the nasty virus. The user gets a warning, knows something is wrong, and then is able to take the steps to remedy the damage. These two points are the ones I'll ponder here: 2) If the PC can at least boot, you will be able to start your system with some kind of boot disk (Remember the Startup Disk? Did you make one?) and run a DOS version of a virus killer to remove the boot record virus. Win95's quite attentive in this respect; you'll know if you have a boot record virus as soon as the Desktop appears. Oh you could load DDO drivers in config.sys on the boot disk (DM 6.03 includes instructions on how to do this) but you still won't be able to repair the DDO partition table without destroying the rest of the disk (since the virus already destroyed it). The best you could do is back up the data onto another hard disk (At last there's a use for DOSLFNBK; the real mode DOS long filename backup utility) and install the Win95 DOS startup files (SYS x: (x=Target drive)) on it. Regardless of our Ontrack friend's claims, I did not find a utility on the DM disk to repair the DDO partition table without destroying everything afterwards (DDO boot record, FATs, directory tree, etc) 3) I didn't get any warning at all besides "Non-system disk or disk error" on the virus infected DDO drive. If I were a typical reader of this FAQ, meaning, "All I know how to do is hit the Start button, tell me more," this error message would mean nothing more to me than, "my hard disk is toast, please help me fix it." Here's more from our Ontrack rep: Just another tidbit on the off-chance that you are unaware of new BIOS limitations. There are a number of newer LBA BIOS's that have limitations at 2.1GB, 3.27GB as well as 4.2GB. Here again, Ontrack's Disk Manager comes back into play to solve these problems. Uh-huh. Didn't Award fix that with their 4.50G BIOS? Wasn't that released in early 1995? Doesn't standard FAT have a partition size limit of 2 GB? Doesn't FAT32 work with larger disks anyways? * 2.2.5. ...Double/DriveSpace (TM) disk compression? Simply perform your normal installation as per the Upgrade. Win95 comes with 32-bit versions of the DoubleSpace/DriveSpace drivers and they will unload the real mode drivers from memory when Win95 runs. 4.00.950B comes with DriveSpace 3 and the utilities needed to convert existing compressed drives to DriveSpace 3. You should pay attention to the info in FAQ page 11 for more help. * 2.2.6. ...OS/2 (TM) ? (any 2.x or higher version) Microsoft does not support installing Win95 on systems with OS/2, any version. Attempting to install Win95 on a system like this will wipe out any capability of starting OS/2. However, if you use Boot Manager, you can install Win95 in a partition of its own, or in the same partition as MS-DOS. This will isolate Win95 from OS/2. Setup will temporarily disable Boot Manager by making the DOS partition the active partition. To re-enable Boot Manager after installing Win95, run fdisk and make the Boot Manager partition (the little 1 MB partition of type Non-DOS) the active partition again. This also has the advantage of using HPFS file system on the OS/2 boot partition. Of course, installing Win95 on an HPFS partition is not possible. Win95 doesn't have any HPFS file system drivers yet, though I'm hoping for it. * 2.2.7. ...Windows NT (TM) ? Supposedly, Setup will recognize NTLDR.COM and insert itself into the list of OSes to boot from. As long as you have a FAT partition to install Win95 to, this will work. Win95 does not support installation on an NTFS partition either. If you want to triple-boot between DOS, Win95, and NT, MS has some wicked setup procedure that lets you use NTLDR to pick your booting OS (like OS/2's Boot Manager). The details are in the Win95 Resource Kit. WARNING: Do not install Windows NT 4.0 on top of an existing Win95 installation! Likewise don't install Win95 on top of NT. The Registry acts quite differently between these versions. * 2.2.8. ...no hard drive? (diskless station) NOT RECOMMENDED, though it is possible. The big reason is Win95 will use a network drive for its Virtual Memory swap file, which will cause heavy traffic on the file server. Put minimum 16 MB memory on each diskless workstation, to minimize swapping to the server. Also see How to prevent random hard drive access, to further reduce server swapping. To perform a diskless install of Win95, you need a server based install already on the file server. You also need a real mode connection to the network (either on a boot disk, or a virtual floppy on the file server via a boot EPROM on the network card). You merely install all the Win95 files into your home directory, wherever that is. Unfortunately, this only works with real mode network clients; you can't use 32-bit network components on a completely diskless workstation. If you use a boot EPROM, you need to make a virtual boot disk with the Win95 system files (IO.SYS etc) on it. Use whatever utilities come with your network server to do this. Other details are in Microsoft's Knowledge Base article Q133349. * 2.2.9. ...notebook computer? You merely install it on the notebook as you would on any other computer. Because of complications with CD-ROM and network support on some notebook computers, I suggest you use the floppy disk version because you don't need to load any fancy drivers, as compared to the CD-ROM version, to get running. Setup will recognize special brands of notebook computers (Toshiba and Zenith for example), and you should change the "Computer Type" if it did not. This lets Setup tune the power management features to work with it. Once you finish, run the PC Card control panel (My Computer / Control Panel / PC Card) to let Win95 install 32-bit PC card support for it. * 2.2.10. How do I copy my Win95 installation to another hard drive? First, don't use xcopy. I'm telling you this up front because too many people out there just can't get this image-copying of Win95 right. Sure, there are utilities for copying the long filenames etc from DOS, but not all of us can handle this. So here's my sure fire way of copying Win95 from one hard drive to another and keeping ALL settings in tact. 1. Hook up your target hard drive and partition it using fdisk or whatever. Let's say it's Drive D: but it could be any drive letter. Use a Primary partition. Don't worry about making it active; we do that later. 2. Run Win95, and right-click on the target drive and hit "Format..." Make sure you turn on "Copy system files" (so it copies the IO.SYS and boot record properly.) Quick or Full format will work; if it's an old drive you might want to use Full format so it can scan the surface of that disk for errors. 3. In any Explorer window, hit View / Options... and turn on "Show all files". This way you'll copy the 20 MB or so of hidden files and Registry, and maintain all their original attributes and long filenames. 4. Copy the Win95 directory's contents first. (This is in case you let Win95 manage virtual memory...) Make a folder on your target with the same name as your Win95 directory. Then select ALL files and folders except for WIN386.SWP if it exists, and drag them to the Win95 folder on the target. (You can hit Edit/Select All to do this quickly, then hold CTRL and click on the WIN386.SWP file to unselect that file.) 5. Now copy the rest of the hard drive. Select ALL files from the Root of the source drive, and unselect IO.SYS, COMMAND.COM, Win386.SWP if it exists, and your Win95 directory! Be sure to leave MSDOS.SYS selected! (Don't forget, MSDOS.SYS is really a settings file now!) Then drag them on to your target. 6. When all this copying is done, install your target hard drive into its system, and have a DOS 7.x (Win95 DOS) boot disk handy with fdisk on it. Boot with that floppy, run fdisk, and make the new partition active. Reboot with the copied disk. 7. NOTE: This step may be needed... Copy sys.com from your new \windows\command directory, and msdos.sys from the hard drive's root directory, to your boot disk and type sys c: from your boot disk. Sometimes you need to rebuild the startup io.sys and msdos.sys this way. If necessary, copy back the msdos.sys file. NOTE: I won't post or entertain thoughts on copying a Win95 installation any other way, so stop sending me messages about DOSLFNBK, GHOST, or any other copy utility. You will probably have to perform steps six and seven if you use any of those utilities anyways. User Contributions:Comment about this article, ask questions, or add new information about this topic:Top Document: Win95 FAQ Part 2 of 14: Re/Un/Installation Previous Document: 2.1. Basics about Win95 vs. Win 3.x and DOS Next Document: 2.3. How do I install Windows 95 from... Part1 - Part2 - Part3 - Part4 - Part5 - Part6 - Part7 - Part8 - Part9 - Part10 - Part11 - Part12 - Part13 - Part14 - Single Page [ Usenet FAQs | Web FAQs | Documents | RFC Index ] Send corrections/additions to the FAQ Maintainer: gordonf@intouch.bc.ca
Last Update March 27 2014 @ 02:12 PM
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