RFC 6986 - GOST R 34.11-2012: Hash Function
Independent Submission V. Dolmatov, Ed. Request for Comments: 6986 A. Degtyarev Updates: 5831 Cryptocom, Ltd. Category: Informational August 2013 ISSN: 2070-1721 GOST R 34.11-2012: Hash Function Abstract This document is intended to be a source of information about the Russian Federal standard hash function (GOST R 34.11-2012), which is one of the Russian cryptographic standard algorithms (called GOST algorithms). This document updates RFC 5831. Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes. This is a contribution to the RFC Series, independently of any other RFC stream. The RFC Editor has chosen to publish this document at its discretion and makes no statement about its value for implementation or deployment. Documents approved for publication by the RFC Editor are not a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6986. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Table of Contents 1. Scope ...........................................................2 2. General Information .............................................3 3. Standard References .............................................3 4. Definitions and Notations .......................................4 4.1. Definitions ................................................4 4.2. Notations ..................................................5 5. General Provisions ..............................................6 6. Parameter Values ................................................6 6.1. Initializing Values ........................................6 6.2. Nonlinear Bijections of Binary Vector Sets .................7 6.3. Byte Permutation ...........................................8 6.4. Linear Transformations of Binary Vector Sets ...............8 6.5. Iteration Constants ........................................9 7. Transformations ................................................10 8. Round Functions ................................................11 9. Hash-Function Calculation Procedure ............................11 10. Examples (Informative) ........................................13 10.1. Example 1 ................................................13 10.1.1. For Hash Function with 512-Bit Hash Code ..........13 10.1.2. For Hash Function with 256-Bit Hash Code ..........19 10.2. Example 2 ................................................25 10.2.1. For Hash Function with 512-Bit Hash Code ..........25 10.2.2. For Hash Function with 256-Bit Hash Code ..........32 11. Security Considerations .......................................38 12. References ....................................................38 12.1. Normative References .....................................38 12.2. Informative References ...................................39 1. Scope The Russian Federal standard hash function (GOST R 34.11-2012) establishes the hash-function algorithm and the hash-function calculation procedure for any sequence of binary symbols used in cryptographic methods of information processing and information security, including techniques for providing data integrity and authenticity and for digital signatures during information transfer, information processing, and information storage in computer-aided systems. The hash function defined in the standard provides for the operation of digital signature systems using the asymmetric cryptographic algorithm in compliance with GOST R 34.10-2012 [GOST3410-2012]. GOST R 34.11-2012 applies to the creation, operation, and modernization of information systems of different purpose. GOST R 34.11-94 is superseded by GOST R 34.11-2012 from 1st January 2013. That means that all new systems that are presented for certification MUST use GOST R 34.11-2012 and MAY use GOST R 34.11-94 also for maintaining compatibility with existing systems. Usage of GOST R 34.11-94 in current systems is allowed at least for a 5-year period. This document updates RFC 5831 [RFC5831]. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. 2. General Information 1. GOST R 34.11-2012 [GOST3411-2012] was developed by the Center for Information Protection and Special Communications of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation with participation of the open joint-stock company Information Technologies and Communication Systems (InfoTeCS JSC). 2. GOST R 34.11-2012 was approved and introduced by Decree #216 of the Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology on 07.08.2012. 3. GOST R 34.11-2012 is intended to replace GOST R 34.11-94 [GOST3411-94], a national standard of the Russian Federation. Terms and concepts in the standard comply with the following international standards: o ISO 2382-2 [ISO2382-2], o ISO/IEC 9796 [ISO/IEC9796-2][ISO/IEC9796-3], o series of standards ISO/IEC 14888 [ISO/IEC14888-1] [ISO/IEC14888-2][ISO/IEC14888-3][ISO/IEC14888-3Amd], and o series of standards ISO/IEC 10118 [ISO/IEC10118-1][ISO/IEC10118-2][ISO/IEC10118-3][ISO/IEC10118-4]. 3. Standard References The following standards are referred to in GOST R 34.11-2012: 1. GOST 28147-89 [GOST28147-89], "Systems of information processing. Cryptographic data security. Algorithms of cryptographic transformation." 2. GOST R 34.10-2012 [GOST3410-2012], "Information technology. Cryptographic data security. Formation and verification processes of [electronic] digital signature." Note: Users of the standard may check the validity of the referenced standards on the official Internet site of the Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology, in the annual reference book "National Standards" published on January 1 of the current year, and in corresponding monthly indices published during the current year. If the referenced standard is replaced (amended), then the replaced (amended) standard shall be used. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, then only the parts of this document not containing the specified reference may be used. 4. Definitions and Notations The following terms and their corresponding definitions are used in the standard. 4.1. Definitions padding: appending extra bits to a data string (Clause 3.9 of [ISO/IEC10118-1]). initializing value: a value used in defining the starting point of a hash function (Clause 3.7 of [ISO/IEC10118-1]). message: string of bits of any length (Clause 3.10 of [ISO/IEC14888-1]). round function: a function that transforms two binary strings of lengths L1 and L2 to a binary string of length L2. It is used iteratively as part of a hash function, where it combines a data string of length L1 with the previous output of length L2 (Clause 3.10 of [ISO/IEC10118-1]). Note: In GOST R 34.11-2012, the concepts "string of bits of length L" and "binary row vector of length L" are identical. hash code: string of bits that is the output of a hash function (Clause 3.6 of [ISO/IEC14888-1]. collision-resistant hash function: function that maps strings of bits to fixed-length strings of bits, satisfying the following properties: 1. for a given output, it is computationally infeasible to find an input that maps to this output; 2. for a given input, it is computationally infeasible to find a second input that maps to the same output; and 3. it is computationally infeasible to find any two distinct inputs that map to the same output (Clauses 3.2 and 3.7 of [ISO/IEC14888-1]). Note: In the standard (to provide terminological compatibility with the current native standard documentation and with the published scientific and technical works), the terms "hash function" and "cryptographic hash function" are synonyms. signature: one or more data elements resulting from the signature process (Clause 3.12 of [ISO/IEC 14888-1]. Note: In the standard (to provide terminological compatibility with the current native standard documentation and with the published scientific and technical works), the terms "digital signature", "electronic signature", and "electronic digital signature" are synonyms. 4.2. Notations The following notations are used in the standard: V* the set of all binary row vectors of finite length (hereinafter referred to as vectors) including empty string |A| the length (number of components) of the vector A belonging to V* (if A is an empty string, then |A| = 0) V_n the set of all binary vectors of length n, where n is a non- negative integer; subvectors and vector components are enumerated from right to left starting from zero (xor) exclusive-or of the two binary vectors of the same length A||B concatenation of vectors A, B (both belong to V*), i.e., a vector from V_(|A|+|B|), where the left subvector from V_(|A|) is equal to the vector A and the right subvector from V_(|B|) is equal to the vector B A^n concatenation of n instances of the vector A Z_(2^n) ring of residues modulo 2^n [+] addition operation in the ring Z_(2^n) Vec_n: Z_(2^n) -> V_n bijective-mapping operation associating an element from Z_(2^n) with its binary representation, i.e., for an element z of the ring Z_(2^n), represented by the residue z_0 + (2*z_1) + ... + (2^(n-1)*z_(n-1)), where z_i in {0, 1}, j = 0, ..., n-1, the equality Vec_n(z) = z_(n-1)||...||z_1||z_0 holds Int_n: V_n -> Z_(2^n) the mapping inverse to the mapping Vec_n, i.e., Int_n = Vec_n^(-1) MSB_n: V* -> V_n the mapping associating the vector z_(k-1)||...||z_1||z_0, k >= n, with the vector z_(k-1)||...||z_(k-n+1)||z_(k-n) a := b operation of assigning the value b to the variable a PS product of mappings, where the mapping S applies first M binary vector subject to hashing procedure, M belongs to V*, |M| < 2^512 H: V* -> V_n hash function mapping the vector (message) M into the vector (hash code) H(M) IV hash-function initializing value, IV in V_512 5. General Provisions GOST R 34.11-2012 defines two hash functions H: V* -> V_n with the hash-code lengths n = 512 bits and n = 256 bits. 6. Parameter Values 6.1. Initializing Values The initializing value IV for a hash function with a hash-code length of 512 bits is 0^512. The initializing value IV for a hash function with a hash-code length of 256 bits is (00000001)^64. 6.2. Nonlinear Bijections of Binary Vector Sets Nonlinear bijection of the binary vector set V_8 is presented by the following substitution: Pi = (Vec_8)Pi'(Int_8): V_8 -> V_8 where Pi': Z_(2^8) -> Z_(2^8). The values of the substitution Pi' are presented in the array form Pi' = (Pi'(0), Pi'(1), ... , Pi'(255)): Pi' = (252, 238, 221, 17, 207, 110, 49, 22, 251, 196, 250, 218, 35, 197, 4, 77, 233, 119, 240, 219, 147, 46, 153, 186, 23, 54, 241, 187, 20, 205, 95, 193, 249, 24, 101, 90, 226, 92, 239, 33, 129, 28, 60, 66, 139, 1, 142, 79, 5, 132, 2, 174, 227, 106, 143, 160, 6, 11, 237, 152, 127, 212, 211, 31, 235, 52, 44, 81, 234, 200, 72, 171, 242, 42, 104, 162, 253, 58, 206, 204, 181, 112, 14, 86, 8, 12, 118, 18, 191, 114, 19, 71, 156, 183, 93, 135, 21, 161, 150, 41, 16, 123, 154, 199, 243, 145, 120, 111, 157, 158, 178, 177, 50, 117, 25, 61, 255, 53, 138, 126, 109, 84, 198, 128, 195, 189, 13, 87, 223, 245, 36, 169, 62, 168, 67, 201, 215, 121, 214, 246, 124, 34, 185, 3, 224, 15, 236, 222, 122, 148, 176, 188, 220, 232, 40, 80, 78, 51, 10, 74, 167, 151, 96, 115, 30, 0, 98, 68, 26, 184, 56, 130, 100, 159, 38, 65, 173, 69, 70, 146, 39, 94, 85, 47, 140, 163, 165, 125, 105, 213, 149, 59, 7, 88, 179, 64, 134, 172, 29, 247, 48, 55, 107, 228, 136, 217, 231, 137, 225, 27, 131, 73, 76, 63, 248, 254, 141, 83, 170, 144, 202, 216, 133, 97, 32, 113, 103, 164, 45, 43, 9, 91, 203, 155, 37, 208, 190, 229, 108, 82, 89, 166, 116, 210, 230, 244, 180, 192, 209, 102, 175, 194, 57, 75, 99, 182) 6.3. Byte Permutation The values of the permutation Tau belonging to S_64 are presented in the array form Tau = (Tau(0), Tau(1), ..., Tau(63)): Tau = (0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 1, 9, 17, 25, 33, 41, 49, 57, 2, 10, 18, 26, 34, 42, 50, 58, 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 4, 12, 20, 28, 36, 44, 52, 60, 5, 13, 21, 29, 37, 45, 53, 61, 6, 14, 22, 30, 38, 46, 54, 62, 7, 15, 23, 31, 39, 47, 55, 63) 6.4. Linear Transformations of Binary Vector Sets Linear transformation l of the binary vector set V_64 is specified by the right multiplication with the matrix A over the field GF(2). The matrix rows are specified sequentially in a hexadecimal form. The row with number j, j = 0, ..., 63 (specified in the form a_(j, 15)...a_(j, 0), where a_(j, i) belongs to Z_16, i = 0, ..., 15), is Vec_4(a_(j, 15))||...||Vec_4(a_(j, 0)). 8e20faa72ba0b470 47107ddd9b505a38 ad08b0e0c3282d1c d8045870ef14980e 6c022c38f90a4c07 3601161cf205268d 1b8e0b0e798c13c8 83478b07b2468764 a011d380818e8f40 5086e740ce47c920 2843fd2067adea10 14aff010bdd87508 0ad97808d06cb404 05e23c0468365a02 8c711e02341b2d01 46b60f011a83988e 90dab52a387ae76f 486dd4151c3dfdb9 24b86a840e90f0d2 125c354207487869 092e94218d243cba 8a174a9ec8121e5d 4585254f64090fa0 accc9ca9328a8950 9d4df05d5f661451 c0a878a0a1330aa6 60543c50de970553 302a1e286fc58ca7 18150f14b9ec46dd 0c84890ad27623e0 0642ca05693b9f70 0321658cba93c138 86275df09ce8aaa8 439da0784e745554 afc0503c273aa42a d960281e9d1d5215 e230140fc0802984 71180a8960409a42 b60c05ca30204d21 5b068c651810a89e 456c34887a3805b9 ac361a443d1c8cd2 561b0d22900e4669 2b838811480723ba 9bcf4486248d9f5d c3e9224312c8c1a0 effa11af0964ee50 f97d86d98a327728 e4fa2054a80b329c 727d102a548b194e 39b008152acb8227 9258048415eb419d 492c024284fbaec0 aa16012142f35760 550b8e9e21f7a530 a48b474f9ef5dc18 70a6a56e2440598e 3853dc371220a247 1ca76e95091051ad 0edd37c48a08a6d8 07e095624504536c 8d70c431ac02a736 c83862965601dd1b 641c314b2b8ee083 Here one string contains 4 rows of the matrix A. So, the string with number i, i = 0, ..., 15, specifies 4 rows of the matrix A (with the numbers 4i + j, j = 0, ..., 3) in the following left-to-right order: 4i + 0, 4i + 1, 4i + 2, 4i + 3. The product of the vector b = b_63...b_0 belonging to V_64 and the matrix A is the vector c belonging to V_64: c = b_63(Vec_4(a_(0, 15))||...||Vec_4(a_(0, 0))) (xor) ... (xor) b_0(Vec_4(a_(63, 15))||...||Vec_4(a_(63, 0))) where b_i(Vec_4(a_(63-i, 15))||...||Vec_4(a_(63-i, 0))) = = 0^64, if b_i = 0 = (Vec_4(a_(63-i, 15))||...||Vec_4(a_(63-i, 0))), if b_i = 1 for all i = 0, ..., 63. 6.5. Iteration Constants Iteration constants are specified in a hexadecimal form. The constant value specified in the form a_127...a_0 (where a_i belongs to Z_16, i = 0, ..., 127) is Vec_4(a_127)||...||Vec_4(a_0): C[1] = b1085bda1ecadae9ebcb2f81c0657c1f 2f6a76432e45d016714eb88d7585c4fc 4b7ce09192676901a2422a08a460d315 05767436cc744d23dd806559f2a64507 C[2] = 6fa3b58aa99d2f1a4fe39d460f70b5d7 f3feea720a232b9861d55e0f16b50131 9ab5176b12d699585cb561c2db0aa7ca 55dda21bd7cbcd56e679047021b19bb7 C[3] = f574dcac2bce2fc70a39fc286a3d8435 06f15e5f529c1f8bf2ea7514b1297b7b d3e20fe490359eb1c1c93a376062db09 c2b6f443867adb31991e96f50aba0ab2 C[4] = ef1fdfb3e81566d2f948e1a05d71e4dd 488e857e335c3c7d9d721cad685e353f a9d72c82ed03d675d8b71333935203be 3453eaa193e837f1220cbebc84e3d12e C[5] = 4bea6bacad4747999a3f410c6ca92363 7f151c1f1686104a359e35d7800fffbd bfcd1747253af5a3dfff00b723271a16 7a56a27ea9ea63f5601758fd7c6cfe57 C[6] = ae4faeae1d3ad3d96fa4c33b7a3039c0 2d66c4f95142a46c187f9ab49af08ec6 cffaa6b71c9ab7b40af21f66c2bec6b6 bf71c57236904f35fa68407a46647d6e C[7] = f4c70e16eeaac5ec51ac86febf240954 399ec6c7e6bf87c9d3473e33197a93c9 0992abc52d822c3706476983284a0504 3517454ca23c4af38886564d3a14d493 C[8] = 9b1f5b424d93c9a703e7aa020c6e4141 4eb7f8719c36de1e89b4443b4ddbc49a f4892bcb929b069069d18d2bd1a5c42f 36acc2355951a8d9a47f0dd4bf02e71e C[9] = 378f5a541631229b944c9ad8ec165fde 3a7d3a1b258942243cd955b7e00d0984 800a440bdbb2ceb17b2b8a9aa6079c54 0e38dc92cb1f2a607261445183235adb C[10] = abbedea680056f52382ae548b2e4f3f3 8941e71cff8a78db1fffe18a1b336103 9fe76702af69334b7a1e6c303b7652f4 3698fad1153bb6c374b4c7fb98459ced C[11] = 7bcd9ed0efc889fb3002c6cd635afe94 d8fa6bbbebab07612001802114846679 8a1d71efea48b9caefbacd1d7d476e98 dea2594ac06fd85d6bcaa4cd81f32d1b C[12] = 378ee767f11631bad21380b00449b17a cda43c32bcdf1d77f82012d430219f9b 5d80ef9d1891cc86e71da4aa88e12852 faf417d5d9b21b9948bc924af11bd720 7. Transformations For calculating the hash code H(M) of the message M belonging to V*, the following transformations are used: X[k]: V_512 -> V_512, X[k](a) = k (xor) a, k, a belongs to V_512; S:V_512 -> V_512, S(a) = S(a_63||...||a_0) = Pi(a_63)||...||Pi(a_0), where a = a_63||...||a_0 belongs to V_512, a_i belongs to V_8, i = 0, ..., 63; P:V_512 -> V_512, P(a) = P(a_63||...||a_0) = a_(Tau(63))||...||a_(Tau(0)), where a = a_63||...||a_0 belongs to V_512, a_i belongs to V_8, i = 0, ..., 63; L:V_512 -> V_512, L(a) = L(a_7||...||a_0) = l(a_7)||...||l(a_0), where a = a_7||...||a_0 belongs to V_512, a_i belongs to V_64, i = 0, ..., 7. 8. Round Functions The hash-code value of the message M belonging to V* is calculated using the iterative procedure. Each iteration is provided using the round function: g_N:V_512 x V_512 -> V_512, where N belongs to V_512 calculated as g_N(h, m) = E(LPS(h (xor) N), m) (xor) h (xor) m where E(K, m) = X[K[13]]LPSX[K[12]]...LPSX[K[2]]LPSX[K[1]](m) Values K[i] belonging to V_512, i = 1, ..., 13, are calculated as follows: K[1] = K K[i] = LPS(K[i-1] (xor) C[i-1]), i = 2, ..., 13 9. Hash-Function Calculation Procedure Initial data for the procedure of calculating the hash code H(M) are a message M belonging to V* (subject to hashing) and initializing value IV belonging to V_512. The algorithm for calculating the function H consists of the following steps. Step 1. Assign initial values to the following variables: 1.1. h := IV 1.2. N := 0^512 belonging to V_512 1.3. EPSILON := 0^512 belonging to V_512 1.4. Go to Step 2. Step 2. 2.1. Check the condition |M| < 512 If it is true, then go to Step 3. Else, perform the following calculations: 2.2. Calculate the subvector m belonging to V_512 of the message M: M = M'||m Then perform the following calculations: 2.3. h := g_N(h, m) 2.4. N := Vec_512(Int_512(N) [+] 512) 2.5. EPSILON := Vec_512(Int_512(EPSILON) [+] Int_512(m)) 2.6. M := M' 2.7. Go to Step 2.1. Step 3. 3.1. m := 0^511-|M|||l||M 3.2. h := g_N(h, m) 3.3. N := Vec_512(Int_512(N) [+] |M|) 3.4. EPSILON := Vec_512(Int_512(EPSILON) [+] Int_512(m)) 3.5. h := g_0(h, N) 3.6. h := g_0(h, EPSILON), for function with 512-bit hash code h := MSB_256(g_0(h, EPSILON)), for function with 256-bit hash code 3.7. End of the algorithm The value of the variable h (obtained in Step 3.6) is the value of hash function H(M). 10. Examples (Informative) This section is for information only and is not a normative part of the standard. The vectors from V* are specified in a hexadecimal form. The vector A belonging to V_(4n) (specified in the form a_(n-1)...a_0, where a_i belongs to Z_16, i = 0, ..., n-1) is Vec_4(a_(n-1))||...||Vec_4(a_0). 10.1. Example 1 Let's calculate the hash code of the following message (represented as a hexadecimal string): M1 = 32313039383736353433323130393837 36353433323130393837363534333231 30393837363534333231303938373635 343332313039383736353433323130 10.1.1. For Hash Function with 512-Bit Hash Code Assign the following values to the variables: h := IV = 0^512 N := 0^512 EPSILON := 0^512 The length of the message is |M1| = 504 < 512, so the incomplete block is padded: m := 01323130393837363534333231303938 37363534333231303938373635343332 31303938373635343332313039383736 35343332313039383736353433323130 Calculate K := LPS(h (xor) N) = LPS(0^512). After the transformation S: S(h (xor) N) = fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc after the transformation P: PS(h (xor) N) = fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc after the transformation L: K := LPS(h (xor) N) = b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 Then the transformation E(K, m) is performed: Iteration 1 K[1] = b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 X[K[1]](m) = b2b1cd1ef7ec924286b7cf1cffe49c4c 84b5c91afde694448abbcb18fbe09646 82b3c516f9e2904080b1cd1ef7ec9242 86b7cf1cffe49c4c84b5c91afde69444 SX[K[1]](m) = 4645d95fc0beec2c432f8914b62d4efd 3e5e37f14b097aead67de417c220b048 2492ac996667e0ebdf45d95fc0beec2c 432f8914b62d4efd3e5e37f14b097aea PSX[K[1]](m) = 46433ed624df433e452f5e7d92452f5e d98937e4acd989375f14f117995f14f1 c0b64bc266c0b64bbe2d092067be2d09 ec4e7ab0e0ec4e7a2cfdea48eb2cfdea LPSX[K[1]](m) = e60059d4d8e0758024c73f6f3183653f 56579189602ae4c21e7953ebc0e212a0 ce78a8df475c2fd4fc43fc4b71c01e35 be465fb20dad2cf690cdf65028121bb9 K[1] (xor) C[1] = 028ba7f4d01e7f9d5848d3af0eb1d96b 9ce98a6de0917562c2cd44a3bb516188 f8ff1cbf5cb3cc7511c1d6266ab47661 b6f5881802a0e8576e0399773c72e073 S(K[1] (xor) C[1]) = ddf644e6e15f5733bff249410445536f 4e9bd69e200f3596b3d9ea737d70a1d7 d1b6143b9c9288357758f8ef78278aa1 55f4d717dda7cb12b211e87e7f19203d PS(K[1] (xor) C[1]) = ddbf4eb3d17755b2f6f29bd9b658f411 4449d6ea14f8d7e8e6419e733bef177e e104207d9c78dd7f5f450f709227a719 575335a1888acb20336f96d735a1123d LPS(K[1] (xor) C[1]) = d0b00807642fd78f13f2c3ebc774e80d e0e902d23aef2ee9a73d010807dae9c1 88be14f0b2da27973569cd2ba0513010 36f728bd1d7eec33f4d18af70c46cf1e Iteration 2 K[2] = d0b00807642fd78f13f2c3ebc774e80d e0e902d23aef2ee9a73d010807dae9c1 88be14f0b2da27973569cd2ba0513010 36f728bd1d7eec33f4d18af70c46cf1e LPSX[K[2]]LPSX[K[1]](m) = 18e77571e703d19548075c574ce5e50e 0480c9c5b9f21d45611ab86cf32e352a d91854ea7df8f863d46333673f62ff2d 3efae1cd966f8e2a74ce49902799aad4 Iteration 3 K[3] = 9d4475c7899f2d0bb0e8b7dac6ef6e6b 44ecf66716d3a0f16681105e2d13712a 1a9387ecc257930e2d61014a1b5c9fc9 e24e7d636eb1607e816dbaf927b8fca9 LPSX[K[3]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 03dc0a9c64d42543ccdb62960d58c17e 0b5b805d08a07406ece679d5f82b70fe a22a7ea56e21814619e8749b30821457 5489d4d465539852cd4b0cd3829bef39 Iteration 4 K[4] = 5c283daba5ec1f233b8c833c48e1c670 dae2e40cc4c3219c73e58856bd96a72f df9f8055ffe3c004c8cde3b8bf78f95f 3370d0a3d6194ac5782487defd83ca0f LPSX[K[4]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = dbee312ea7301b0d6d13e43855e85db8 1608c780c43675bc93cfd82c1b4933b3 898a35b13e1878abe119e4dffb9de488 9738ca74d064cd9eb732078c1fb25e04 Iteration 5 K[5] = 109f33262731f9bd569cbc9317baa551 d4d2964fa18d42c41fab4e37225292ec 2fd97d7493784779046388469ae195c4 36fa7cba93f8239ceb5ffc818826470c LPSX[K[5]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 7fb3f15718d90e889f9fb7c38f527bec 861c298afb9186934a93c9d96ade20df 109379bb9c1a1ffd0ad81fce7b45ccd5 4501e7d127e32874b5d7927b032de7a1 Iteration 6 K[6] = b32c9b02667911cf8f8a0877be9a1707 57e25026ccf41e67c6b5da70b1b87474 3e1135cfbefe244237555c676c153d99 459bc382573aee2d85d30d99f286c5e7 LPSX[K[6]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 95efa4e104f235824bae5030fe2d0f17 0a38de3c9b8fc6d8fa1a9adc2945c413 389a121501fa71a65067916b0c06f6b8 7ce18de1a2a98e0a64670985f47d73f1 Iteration 7 K[7] = 8a13c1b195fd0886ac49989e7d84b08b c7b00e4f3f62765ece6050fcbabdc234 6c8207594714e8e9c9c7aad694edc922 d6b01e17285eb7e61502e634559e32f1 LPSX[K[7]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 7ea4385f7e5e40103bfb25c67e404c75 24eec43e33b1d06557469c6049854304 32b43d941b77ffd476103338e9bd5145 d9c1e18b1f262b58a81dcefff6fc6535 Iteration 8 K[8] = 52cec3b11448bb8617d0ddfbc926f2e8 8730cb9179d6decea5acbffd323ec376 4c47f7a9e13bb1db56c342034773023d 617ff01cc546728e71dff8de5d128cac LPSX[K[8]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = b2426da0e58d5cfe898c36e797993f90 2531579d8ecc59f8dd8a60802241a456 1f290cf992eb398894424bf681636968 c167e870967b1dd9047293331956daba Iteration 9 K[9] = f38c5b7947e7736d502007a05ea64a4e b9c243cb82154aa138b963bbb7f28e74 d4d710445389671291d70103f48fd4d4 c01fc415e3fb7dc61c6088afa1a1e735 LPSX[K[9]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 5e0c9978670b25912dd1ede5bdd1cf18 ed094d14c6d973b731d50570d0a9bca2 15415a15031fd20ddefb5bc61b96671d 6902f49df4d2fd346ceebda9431cb075 Iteration 10 K[10] = 0740b3faa03ed39b257dd6e3db7c1bf5 6b6e18e40cdaabd30617cecbaddd618e a5e61bb4654599581dd30c24c1ab877a d0687948286cfefaa7eef99f6068b315 LPSX[K[10]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = c1ddd840fe491393a5d460440e03bf45 1794e792c0c629e49ab0c1001782dd37 691cb6896f3e00b87f71d37a584c35b9 cd8789fad55a46887e5b60e124b51a61 Iteration 11 K[11] = 185811cf3c2633aec8cfdfcae9dbb293 47011bf92b95910a3ad71e5fca678e45 e374f088f2e5c29496e9695ce8957837 107bb3aa56441af11a82164893313116 LPSX[K[11]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 3f75beaf2911c35d575088e30542b689 c85b6b1607f8b800405941f5ab704284 7b9b08b58b4fbdd6154ed7b366fd3ee7 78ce647726ddb3c7d48c8ce8866a8435 Iteration 12 K[12] = 9d46bf66234a7ed06c3b2120d2a3f15e 0fedd87189b75b3cd2f206906b5ee00d c9a1eab800fb8cc5760b251f4db5cdef 427052fa345613fd076451901279ee4c LPSX[K[12]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = f35b0d889eadfcff73b6b17f33413a97 417d96f0c4cc9d30cda8ebb7dcd5d1b0 61e620bac75b367370605f474ddc0060 03bec4c4d7ce59a73fbe6766934c55a2 Iteration 13 K[13] = 0f79104026b900d8d768b6e223484c97 61e3c585b3a405a6d2d8565ada926c3f 7782ef127cd6b98290bf612558b4b60a a3cbc28fd94f95460d76b621cb45be70 X[K[13]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = fc221dc8b814fc27a4de079d10097600 209e5375776898961f70bded0647bd8f 1664cfa8bb8d8ff1e0df3e621568b66a a075064b0e81cce132c8d1475809ebd2 The result of the transformation g_N(h, m) is h = fd102cf8812ccb1191ea34af21394f38 17a86641445aa9a626488adb33738ebd 2754f6908cbbbac5d3ed0f522c50815c 954135793fb1f5d905fee4736b3bdae2 Variables N and EPSILON change their values to N = 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000001f8 EPSILON = 01323130393837363534333231303938 37363534333231303938373635343332 31303938373635343332313039383736 35343332313039383736353433323130 The result of the transformation g_0(h, N) is h = 5c881fd924695cf196c2e4fec20d14b6 42026f2a0b1716ebaabb7067d4d59752 3d2db69d6d3794622147a14f19a66e7f 9037e1d662d34501a8901a5de7771d7c The result of the transformation g_0(h, EPSILON) is h = 486f64c1917879417fef082b3381a4e2 11c324f074654c38823a7b76f830ad00 fa1fbae42b1285c0352f227524bc9ab1 6254288dd6863dccd5b9f54a1ad0541b The hash code of the message M1 is the value H(M1) = 486f64c1917879417fef082b3381a4e2 11c324f074654c38823a7b76f830ad00 fa1fbae42b1285c0352f227524bc9ab1 6254288dd6863dccd5b9f54a1ad0541b 10.1.2. For Hash Function with 256-Bit Hash Code Assign the following values to the variables: h := IV = (00000001)^64 N := 0^512 EPSILON := 0^512 The length of the message is |M1| = 504 < 512, so the incomplete block is padded: m := 01323130393837363534333231303938 37363534333231303938373635343332 31303938373635343332313039383736 35343332313039383736353433323130 Calculate K := LPS(h (xor) N) = LPS((00000001)^64) After the transformation S: S(h (xor) N) = eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee after the transformation P: PS(h (xor) N) = eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee after the transformation L: K := LPS(h (xor) N) = 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 Then the transformation E(K, m) is performed: Iteration 1 K[1] = 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 X[K[1]](m) = 22f7df708943682316f1dd72814b662d 14f3db7483496e251afdd976854f6c27 12f5d778874d6a2110f7df7089436823 16f1dd72814b662d14f3db7483496e25 SX[K[1]](m) = 65c061327951f35a99a6d819f5a29a01 93d290ffa92ab25cf14b538aa8cc9d21 f0f4fe6dc93a7818e9c061327951f35a 99a6d819f5a29a0193d290ffa92ab25c PSX[K[1]](m) = 659993f1f0e99993c0a6d24bf4c0a6d2 61d89053fe61d8903219ff8a6d3219ff 79f5a9a8c979f5a951a22acc3a51a22a f39ab29d78f39ab25a015c21185a015c LPSX[K[1]](m) = e549368917a0a2611d5e08c9c2fd5b3c 563f18c0f68c410d84ae9d5fbdfb9340 55650121b7aa6d7b3e7d09d46ac4358a daa6ae44fa3b0402c4166d2c3eb2ef02 K[1] (xor) C[1] = 92cdb59aaeb185fcc80ec1c1701e230a 0caf98039e3e8f03528b56cdc5fe9be9 68b90ed1221c36148187c448141b8c00 26b39a767c0f1236fe458b1942dd1a12 S(K[1] (xor) C[1]) = ecd95e282645a83930045858325f5afa 2341dc110ad303110ef676d9ac63509b f3a3041b65148f93f5c986f293bb7cfc ef92288ac34df08f63c8f6362cd8f1f0 PS(K[1] (xor) C[1]) = ec30230ef3f5ef63d90441f6a3c992c8 5e58dc76048628f6285811d91bf28a36 26320aac6593c32c455fd36314bb4dd8 a85a03508f7cf0f139fa119b93fc8ff0 LPS(K[1] (xor) C[1]) = 18ee8f3176b2ebea3bd6cb8233694cea 349769df88be26bf451cfab6a904a549 da22de93a66a66b19c7e6b5eea633511 e611d68c8401bfcd0c7d0cc39d4a5eb9 Iteration 2 K[2] = 18ee8f3176b2ebea3bd6cb8233694cea 349769df88be26bf451cfab6a904a549 da22de93a66a66b19c7e6b5eea633511 e611d68c8401bfcd0c7d0cc39d4a5eb9 LPSX[K[2]]LPSX[K[1]](m) = c502dab7e79eb94013fcd1ba64def3b9 16f18b63855d43d22b77fca1452f9866 c2b45089c62e9d82edf1ef45230db9a2 3c9e1c521113376628a5f6a5dbc041b2 Iteration 3 K[3] = aaa4cf31a265959157aec8ce91e7fd46 bf27dee21164c5e3940bba1a519e9d1f ce0913f1253e7757915000cd674be12c c7f68e73ba26fb00fd74af4101805f2d LPSX[K[3]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 8e5a4fe41fc790af29944f027aa2f101 05d65cf60a66e442832bb9ab5020dc54 772e36b03d4b9aa471037212cde93375 226552392ef4d83010a007e1117a07b5 Iteration 4 K[4] = 61fe0a65cc177af50235e2afadded326 a5329a2236747bf8a54228aeca9c4585 cd801ea9dd743a0d98d01ef0602b0e33 2067fb5ddd6ac1568200311920839286 LPSX[K[4]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = dee0b40df69997afef726f03bdc13cb6 ba9287698201296f2fd8284f06d33ea4 a850a0ff48026dd47c1e88ec813ed2eb 1186059d842d8d17f0bfa259e56655b1 Iteration 5 K[5] = 9983685f4fd3636f1fd5abb75fbf26a8 e2934314aa2ecb3ee4693c86c06c7d4e 169bd540af75e1610a546acd63d960ba d595394cc199bf6999a5d5309fe73d5a LPSX[K[5]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 675ea894d326432e1af7b201bc369f8a b021f6fa58da09678ffc08ef30db43a3 7f1f7347cb77da0f6ba30c85848896c3 bac240ab14144283518b89a33d0caf07 Iteration 6 K[6] = f05772ae2ce7f025156c9a7fbcc6b8fd f1e735d613946e32922994e52820ffea 62615d907eb0551ad170990a86602088 af98c83c22cdb0e2be297c13c0f7a156 LPSX[K[6]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 1bc204bf9506ee9b86bbcf82d254a112 aea6910b6db3805e399cb718d1b33199 64459516967cee4e648e8cfbf81f56dc 8da6811c469091be5123e6a1d5e28c73 Iteration 7 K[7] = 5ad144c362546e4e46b3e7688829fbb7 7453e9c3211974330b2b8d0e6be2b5ac c89eb6b35167f159b7b005a43e5959a6 51a9b18cfc8e4098fcf03d9b81cfbb8d LPSX[K[7]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = f30d791ed78bdee819022a3d78182242 124efcdd54e203f23fb2dc7f94338ff9 55a5afc15ffef03165263c4fdb36933a a982016471fbac9419f892551e9e568b Iteration 8 K[8] = 6a6cec9a1ba20a8db64fa840b934352b 518c638ed530122a83332fe0b8efdac9 018287e5a9f509c78d6c746adcd5426f b0a0ad5790dfb73fc1f191a539016daa LPSX[K[8]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 1fc20f1e91a1801a4293d3f3aa9e9156 0fcc3810bb15f3ee9741c9b87452519f 67cb9145519884a24de6db736a5cb143 0da7458e5e51b80be5204ba5b2600177 Iteration 9 K[9] = 99217036737aa9b38a8d6643f705bd51 f351531f948f0fc5e35fa35fee9dd8bd bb4c9d580a224e9cd82e0e2069fc49ed 367d5f94374435382b8fb6a8f5dd0409 LPSX[K[9]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 1a52f09d1e81515a36171e0b1a2809c5 0359bed90f2e78cbd89b7d4afa6d0466 55c96bdae6ee97055cc7e857267c2ccf 28c8f5dd95ed58a9a68c12663bb28967 Iteration 10 K[10] = 906763c0fc89fa1ae69288d8ec9e9dda 9a7630e8bfd6c3fed703c35d2e62aeaf f0b35d80a7317a7f76f83022f2526791 ca8fdf678fcb337bd74fe5393ccb05d2 LPSX[K[10]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 764043744a0a93687e65aba8cfc25ec8 714fb8e1bdc9ae2271e7205eaaa577c1 b3b83e7325e50a19bd2d56b061b5de39 235c9c9fd95e071a1a291a5f24e8c774 Iteration 11 K[11] = 88ce996c63618e6404a5c8e03ee43385 4e2ae3eee68991bbbff3c29d38dadb6e d6a1dae9a6dc6ddf52ce34af272f96d3 159c8c624c3fe6e13d695c0bfc89add5 LPSX[K[11]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 9b1ce8ff26b445cb288c0aeccf84658e ea91dbdf14828bf70110a5c9bd146cd9 646350cff4e90e7b63c5cc325e9b4410 81935f282d4648d9584f71860538f03b Iteration 12 K[12] = 3e0a281ea9bd46063eec550100576f3a 506aa168cf82915776b978fccaa32f38 b55f30c79982ca45628e8365d8798477 e75a49c68199112a1d7b5a0f7655f2db LPSX[K[12]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 133aeecede251eb81914b8ba48dcbc0b 8a6fc63a292cc49043c3d3346b3f0829 a9cb71ecff25ed2a91bdcf8f649907c1 10cb76ff2e43100cdd4ba8a147a572f5 Iteration 13 K[13] = f0b273409eb31aebe432fbae18672122 62c848422b6a92f93f6cbab54ed18b83 14b21cffc51e3fa319ff433e76ef6adb 0ef9f5e03c907fa1fcf9eca06500bf03 X[K[13]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = e3889d8e40960453fd26431450bb9d29 e8a78e78024656697caf698125ee83aa bd796d133a3bd28988428cb112766d1a 1e32831f12d36fad21b2440122a5cdf6 The result of the transformation g_N(h, m) is h = e3bbadbf78af3264c9137127608aa510 de90ba4d3075665844965fb611dbb199 8d48552a0c0ce6bcba71bc802a4f5b2d 2a07b12c22e25794178570341096fdc7 The variables N and EPSILON change their values to N = 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000001f8 EPSILON = 01323130393837363534333231303938 37363534333231303938373635343332 31303938373635343332313039383736 35343332313039383736353433323130 The result of the transformation g_0(h, N) is h = 70f22bada4cfe18a6a56ec4b3f328cd4 0db8e1bf8a9d5f711d5efab11191279d 715aab7648d07eddbf87dc79c80516e6 ffcbcf5678b0ac29ea00fa85c8173cc6 The result of the transformation g_0(h, EPSILON) is h = 00557be5e584fd52a449b16b0251d05d 27f94ab76cbaa6da890b59d8ef1e159d 2088e482e2acf564e0e9795a51e4dd26 1f3f667985a2fcc40ac8631faca1709a The hash code of the message M1 is the value H(M1) = 00557be5e584fd52a449b16b0251d05d 27f94ab76cbaa6da890b59d8ef1e159d 10.2. Example 2 Let's calculate the hash code of the following message: M2 = fbe2e5f0eee3c820fbeafaebef20fffb f0e1e0f0f520e0ed20e8ece0ebe5f0f2 f120fff0eeec20f120faf2fee5e2202c e8f6f3ede220e8e6eee1e8f0f2d1202c e8f0f2e5e220e5d1 10.2.1. For Hash Function with 512-Bit Hash Code Assign the following values to the variables: h := IV = 0^512 N := 0^512 EPSILON := 0^512 The length of the message is |M2| = 576 > 512, so a part of this message is initially transformed: m := fbeafaebef20fffbf0e1e0f0f520e0ed 20e8ece0ebe5f0f2f120fff0eeec20f1 20faf2fee5e2202ce8f6f3ede220e8e6 eee1e8f0f2d1202ce8f0f2e5e220e5d1 Calculate K := LPS(h (xor) N) = LPS(0^512) After the transformation S: S(h (xor) N) = fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc after the transformation P: PS(h (xor) N) = fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc fcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfcfc after the transformation L: LPS(h (xor) N) = b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 Then the transformation E(K, m) is performed: Iteration 1 K[1] = b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 b383fc2eced4a574b383fc2eced4a574 X[K[1]](m) = 486906c521f45a8f43621cde3bf44599 936b10ce2531558642a303de20388585 93790ed02b3685585b750fc32cf44d92 5d6214de3c0585585b730ecb2cf440a5 SX[K[1]](m) = f29131ac18e613035196148598e6c8e8 de6fe9e75c840c432c731185f906a8a8 de5404e1428fa8bf47354d408be63aec b79693857f6ea8bf473d04e48be6eb00 PSX[K[1]](m) = f251de2cde47b74791966f735435963d 3114e911044d9304ac85e785e14085e4 18985cf9428b7f8be6e684068fe66ee6 13c80ca8a83aa8eb03e843a8bfecbf00 LPSX[K[1]](m) = 909aa733e1f52321a2fe35bfb8f67e92 fbc70ef544709d5739d8faaca4acf126 e83e273745c25b7b8f4a83a7436f6353 753cbbbe492262cd3a868eace0104af1 K[1] (xor) C[1] = 028ba7f4d01e7f9d5848d3af0eb1d96b 9ce98a6de0917562c2cd44a3bb516188 f8ff1cbf5cb3cc7511c1d6266ab47661 b6f5881802a0e8576e0399773c72e073 S(K[1] (xor) C[1]) = ddf644e6e15f5733bff249410445536f 4e9bd69e200f3596b3d9ea737d70a1d7 d1b6143b9c9288357758f8ef78278aa1 55f4d717dda7cb12b211e87e7f19203d PS(K[1] (xor) C[1]) = ddbf4eb3d17755b2f6f29bd9b658f411 4449d6ea14f8d7e8e6419e733bef177e e104207d9c78dd7f5f450f709227a719 575335a1888acb20336f96d735a1123d LPS(K[1] (xor) C[1]) = d0b00807642fd78f13f2c3ebc774e80d e0e902d23aef2ee9a73d010807dae9c1 88be14f0b2da27973569cd2ba0513010 36f728bd1d7eec33f4d18af70c46cf1e Iteration 2 K[2] = d0b00807642fd78f13f2c3ebc774e80d e0e902d23aef2ee9a73d010807dae9c1 88be14f0b2da27973569cd2ba0513010 36f728bd1d7eec33f4d18af70c46cf1e LPSX[K[2]]LPSX[K[1]](m) = 301aadd761d13df0b473055b14a2f74a 45f408022aecadd4d5f19cab8228883a 021ac0b62600a495950c628354ffce11 61c68b7be7e0c58af090ce6b45e49f16 Iteration 3 K[3] = 9d4475c7899f2d0bb0e8b7dac6ef6e6b 44ecf66716d3a0f16681105e2d13712a 1a9387ecc257930e2d61014a1b5c9fc9 e24e7d636eb1607e816dbaf927b8fca9 LPSX[K[3]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 9b83492b9860a93cbca1c0d8e0ce59db 04e10500a6ac85d4103304974e78d322 59ceff03fbb353147a9c948786582df7 8a34c9bde3f72b3ca41b9179c2cceef3 Iteration 4 K[4] = 5c283daba5ec1f233b8c833c48e1c670 dae2e40cc4c3219c73e58856bd96a72f df9f8055ffe3c004c8cde3b8bf78f95f 3370d0a3d6194ac5782487defd83ca0f LPSX[K[4]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = e638e0a1677cdea107ec3402f70698a4 038450dab44ac7a447e10155aa33ef1b daf8f49da7b66f3e05815045fbd39c99 1cb0dc536e09505fd62d3c2cd00b0f57 Iteration 5 K[5] = 109f33262731f9bd569cbc9317baa551 d4d2964fa18d42c41fab4e37225292ec 2fd97d7493784779046388469ae195c4 36fa7cba93f8239ceb5ffc818826470c LPSX[K[5]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 1c7c8e19b2bf443eb3adc0c787a52a17 3821a97bc5a8efea58fb8b27861829f6 dd5ff9c97865e08c1ac66f47392b578e 21266e323a0aacedeec3ef0314f517c6 Iteration 6 K[6] = b32c9b02667911cf8f8a0877be9a1707 57e25026ccf41e67c6b5da70b1b87474 3e1135cfbefe244237555c676c153d99 459bc382573aee2d85d30d99f286c5e7 LPSX[K[6]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 48fecfc5b3eb77998fb39bfcccd128cd 42fccb714221be1e675a1c6fdde7e311 98b318622412af7e999a3eff45e6d616 09a7f2ae5c2ff1ab7ff3b37be7011ba2 Iteration 7 K[7] = 8a13c1b195fd0886ac49989e7d84b08b c7b00e4f3f62765ece6050fcbabdc234 6c8207594714e8e9c9c7aad694edc922 d6b01e17285eb7e61502e634559e32f1 LPSX[K[7]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = a48f8d781c2c5be417ae644cc2e15a9f 01fcead3232e5bd53f18a5ab875cce1b 8a1a400cf48521c7ce27fb1e94452fb5 4de23118f53b364ee633170a62f5a8a9 Iteration 8 K[8] = 52cec3b11448bb8617d0ddfbc926f2e8 8730cb9179d6decea5acbffd323ec376 4c47f7a9e13bb1db56c342034773023d 617ff01cc546728e71dff8de5d128cac LPSX[K[8]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = e8a31b2e34bd2ae21b0ecf29cc4c37c7 5c4d11d9b82852517515c23e81e906a4 51b72779c3087141f1a15ab57f96d7da 6c7ee38ed25befbdef631216356ff59c Iteration 9 K[9] = f38c5b7947e7736d502007a05ea64a4e b9c243cb82154aa138b963bbb7f28e74 d4d710445389671291d70103f48fd4d4 c01fc415e3fb7dc61c6088afa1a1e735 LPSX[K[9]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 34392ed32ea3756e32979cb0a2247c39 18e0b38d6455ca88183356bf8e5877e5 5d542278a696523a8036af0f1c2902e9 cbc585de803ee4d26649c9e1f00bda31 Iteration 10 K[10] = 0740b3faa03ed39b257dd6e3db7c1bf5 6b6e18e40cdaabd30617cecbaddd618e a5e61bb4654599581dd30c24c1ab877a d0687948286cfefaa7eef99f6068b315 LPSX[K[10]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 6a82436950177fea74cce6d507a5a64e 54e8a3181458e3bdfbdbc6180c9787de 7ccb676dd809e7cb1eb2c9ebd0165615 70801a4e9ce17a438b85212f4409bb5e Iteration 11 K[11] = 185811cf3c2633aec8cfdfcae9dbb293 47011bf92b95910a3ad71e5fca678e45 e374f088f2e5c29496e9695ce8957837 107bb3aa56441af11a82164893313116 LPSX[K[11]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 7b97603135e2842189b0c9667596e96b d70472ccbc73ae89da7d1599c72860c2 85f5771088f1fb0f943d949f22f1413c 991eafb51ab8e5ad8644770037765aec Iteration 12 K[12] = 9d46bf66234a7ed06c3b2120d2a3f15e 0fedd87189b75b3cd2f206906b5ee00d c9a1eab800fb8cc5760b251f4db5cdef 427052fa345613fd076451901279ee4c LPSX[K[12]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 39ec8a88db635b46c4321adf41fd9527 a39a67f6d7510db5044f05efaf721db5 cf976a726ef33dc4dfcda94033e741a4 63770861a5b25fefcb07281eed629c0e Iteration 13 K[13] = 0f79104026b900d8d768b6e223484c97 61e3c585b3a405a6d2d8565ada926c3f 7782ef127cd6b98290bf612558b4b60a a3cbc28fd94f95460d76b621cb45be70 X[K[13]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 36959ac8fdda5b9e135aac3d62b5d9b0 c279a27364f50813d69753b575e0718a b8158560122584464f72c8656b53f7ae c0bccaee7cfdcaa9c6719e3f2627227e The result of the transformation g_N(h, m) is h = cd7f602312faa465e3bb4ccd9795395d e2914e938f10f8e127b7ac459b0c517b 98ef779ef7c7a46aa7843b8889731f48 2e5d221e8e2cea852e816cdac407c7af The variables N and EPSILON change their values to N = 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000200 EPSILON = fbeafaebef20fffbf0e1e0f0f520e0ed 20e8ece0ebe5f0f2f120fff0eeec20f1 20faf2fee5e2202ce8f6f3ede220e8e6 eee1e8f0f2d1202ce8f0f2e5e220e5d1 The length of the rest of the message is less than 512, so the incomplete block is padded: m := 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000001fbe2e5f0eee3c820 The result of the transformation g_N(h, m) is h = c544ae6efdf14404f089c72d5faf8dc6 aca1db5e28577fc07818095f1df70661 e8b84d0706811cf92dffb8f96e61493d c382795c6ed7a17b64685902cbdc878e The variables N and EPSILON change their values to N = 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000240 EPSILON = fbeafaebef20fffbf0e1e0f0f520e0ed 20e8ece0ebe5f0f2f120fff0eeec20f1 20faf2fee5e2202ce8f6f3ede220e8e6 eee1e8f0f2d1202ee4d3d8d6d104adf1 The result of the transformation g_0(h, N) is h = 4deb6649ffa5caf4163d9d3f9967fbbd 6eb3da68f916b6a09f41f2518b81292b 703dc5d74e1ace5bcd3458af43bb456e 837326088f2b5df14bf83997a0b1ad8d The result of the transformation g_0(h, EPSILON) is h = 28fbc9bada033b1460642bdcddb90c3f b3e56c497ccd0f62b8a2ad4935e85f03 7613966de4ee00531ae60f3b5a47f8da e06915d5f2f194996fcabf2622e6881e The hash code of the message M2 is the value H(M2) = 28fbc9bada033b1460642bdcddb90c3f b3e56c497ccd0f62b8a2ad4935e85f03 7613966de4ee00531ae60f3b5a47f8da e06915d5f2f194996fcabf2622e6881e 10.2.2. For Hash Function with 256-Bit Hash Code Assign the following values to the variables: h := IV = (00000001)^64 N := 0^512 EPSILON := 0^512 The length of the message is |M2| = 576 > 512, so a part of this message is initially transformed: m := fbeafaebef20fffbf0e1e0f0f520e0ed 20e8ece0ebe5f0f2f120fff0eeec20f1 20faf2fee5e2202ce8f6f3ede220e8e6 eee1e8f0f2d1202ce8f0f2e5e220e5d1 Calculate: K := LPS(h (xor) N) = LPS((00000001)^64) After the transformation S: S(h (xor) N) = eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee after the transformation P: PS(h (xor) N) = eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee after the transformation L: K := LPS(h (xor) N) = 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 Then the transformation E(K, m) is performed: Iteration 1 K[1] = 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 23c5ee40b07b5f1523c5ee40b07b5f15 X[K[1]](m) = d82f14ab5f5ba0eed3240eb0455bbff8 032d02a05b9eafe7d2e511b05e977fe4 033f1cbe55997f39cb331dad525bb7f3 cd2406b042aa7f39cb351ca5525bbac4 SX[K[1]](m) = 8d4f93828747a76c49e204adc8473bd1 1101dda7470a415b832b77ad5dbc572d 111f14950ce8570be4aecd9f0e472fd2 d9e231ad2c38570be46a14000e47a586 PSX[K[1]](m) = 8d49118311e4d9e44fe2012b1faee26a 9304dd7714cd311482ada7ad959fad00 87c8475d0c0e2c0e47470abce8473847 a73b4157572f57a56cd15b2d0bd20b86 LPSX[K[1]](m) = a3a72a2e0fb5e6f812681222fec037b0 db972086a395a387a6084508cae13093 aa71d352dcbce288e9a39718a727f6fd 4c5da5d0bc10fac3707ccd127fe45475 K[1] (xor) C[1] = 92cdb59aaeb185fcc80ec1c1701e230a 0caf98039e3e8f03528b56cdc5fe9be9 68b90ed1221c36148187c448141b8c00 26b39a767c0f1236fe458b1942dd1a12 S(K[1] (xor) C[1]) = ecd95e282645a83930045858325f5afa 2341dc110ad303110ef676d9ac63509b f3a3041b65148f93f5c986f293bb7cfc ef92288ac34df08f63c8f6362cd8f1f0 PS(K[1] (xor) C[1]) = ec30230ef3f5ef63d90441f6a3c992c8 5e58dc76048628f6285811d91bf28a36 26320aac6593c32c455fd36314bb4dd8 a85a03508f7cf0f139fa119b93fc8ff0 LPS(K[1] (xor) C[1]) = 18ee8f3176b2ebea3bd6cb8233694cea 349769df88be26bf451cfab6a904a549 da22de93a66a66b19c7e6b5eea633511 e611d68c8401bfcd0c7d0cc39d4a5eb9 Iteration 2 K[2] = 18ee8f3176b2ebea3bd6cb8233694cea 349769df88be26bf451cfab6a904a549 da22de93a66a66b19c7e6b5eea633511 e611d68c8401bfcd0c7d0cc39d4a5eb9 LPSX[K[2]]LPSX[K[1]](m) = 9f50697b1d9ce23680db1f4d35629778 864c55780727aa79eb7bb7d648829cba 8674afdac5c62ca352d77556145ca7bc 758679fbe1fbd32313ca8268a4a603f1 Iteration 3 K[3] = aaa4cf31a265959157aec8ce91e7fd46 bf27dee21164c5e3940bba1a519e9d1f ce0913f1253e7757915000cd674be12c c7f68e73ba26fb00fd74af4101805f2d LPSX[K[3]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 4183027975b257e9bc239b75c977ecc5 2ddad82c091e694243c9143a945b4d85 3116eae14fd81b14bb47f2c06fd283cb 6c5e61924edfaf971b78d771858d5310 Iteration 4 K[4] = 61fe0a65cc177af50235e2afadded326 a5329a2236747bf8a54228aeca9c4585 cd801ea9dd743a0d98d01ef0602b0e33 2067fb5ddd6ac1568200311920839286 LPSX[K[4]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 0368c884fcee489207b5b97a133ce39a 1ebfe5a3ae3cccb3241de1e7ad72857e 76811d324f01fd7a75e0b669e8a22a4d 056ce6af3e876453a9c3c47c767e5712 Iteration 5 K[5] = 9983685f4fd3636f1fd5abb75fbf26a8 e2934314aa2ecb3ee4693c86c06c7d4e 169bd540af75e1610a546acd63d960ba d595394cc199bf6999a5d5309fe73d5a LPSX[K[5]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = c31433ceb8061e46440144e655539765 12e5a9806ac9a2c771d5932d5f6508c5 b78e406c4efab98ac5529be0021b4d58 fa26f01621eb10b43de4c4c47b63f615 Iteration 6 K[6] = f05772ae2ce7f025156c9a7fbcc6b8fd f1e735d613946e32922994e52820ffea 62615d907eb0551ad170990a86602088 af98c83c22cdb0e2be297c13c0f7a156 LPSX[K[6]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 5d0ae97f252ad04534503fe5f52e9bd0 7f483ee3b3d206beadc6e736c6e754bb 713f97ea7339927893eacf2b474a482c add9ac2e58f09bcb440cf36c2d14a9b6 Iteration 7 K[7] = 5ad144c362546e4e46b3e7688829fbb7 7453e9c3211974330b2b8d0e6be2b5ac c89eb6b35167f159b7b005a43e5959a6 51a9b18cfc8e4098fcf03d9b81cfbb8d LPSX[K[7]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = a59aa21e6ad3e330deedb9ab9912205c 355b1c479fdfd89a7696d7de66fbf7d3 cec25879f7f1a8cca4c793d5f2888407 aecb188bda375eae586a8cfd0245c317 Iteration 8 K[8] = 6a6cec9a1ba20a8db64fa840b934352b 518c638ed530122a83332fe0b8efdac9 018287e5a9f509c78d6c746adcd5426f b0a0ad5790dfb73fc1f191a539016daa LPSX[K[8]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 9903145a39d5a8c83d28f70fa1fbd88f 31b82dc7cfe17b54b50e276cb2c4ac68 2b4434163f214cf7ce6164a75731bcea 5819e6a6a6fea99da9222951d2a28e01 Iteration 9 K[9] = 99217036737aa9b38a8d6643f705bd51 f351531f948f0fc5e35fa35fee9dd8bd bb4c9d580a224e9cd82e0e2069fc49ed 367d5f94374435382b8fb6a8f5dd0409 LPSX[K[9]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 330e6cb1d04961826aa263f2328f15b4 f3370175a6a9fd6505b286efed2d8505 f71823337ef71513e57a700eb1672a68 5578e45dad298ee2223d4cb3fda8262f Iteration 10 K[10] = 906763c0fc89fa1ae69288d8ec9e9dda 9a7630e8bfd6c3fed703c35d2e62aeaf f0b35d80a7317a7f76f83022f2526791 ca8fdf678fcb337bd74fe5393ccb05d2 LPSX[K[10]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = ad347608443ab9c9bbb64f633a5749ab 85c45d4174bfd78f6bc79fc4f4ce9ad1 dd71cb2195b1cfab8dcaaf6f3a65c8bb 0079847a0800e4427d3a0a815f40a644 Iteration 11 K[11] = 88ce996c63618e6404a5c8e03ee43385 4e2ae3eee68991bbbff3c29d38dadb6e d6a1dae9a6dc6ddf52ce34af272f96d3 159c8c624c3fe6e13d695c0bfc89add5 LPSX[K[11]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = a065c55e2168c31576a756c7ecc1a912 9cd3d207f8f43073076c30e111fd5f11 9095ca396e9fb78a2bf4781c44e845e4 47b8fc75b788284aae27582212ec23ee Iteration 12 K[12] = 3e0a281ea9bd46063eec550100576f3a 506aa168cf82915776b978fccaa32f38 b55f30c79982ca45628e8365d8798477 e75a49c68199112a1d7b5a0f7655f2db LPSX[K[12]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = 2a6549f7a5cd2eb4a271a7c71762c868 3e7a3a906985d60f8fc86f64e35908b2 9f83b1fe3c704f3c116bdfe660704f3b 9c8a1d0531baaffaa3940ae9090a33ab Iteration 13 K[13] = f0b273409eb31aebe432fbae18672122 62c848422b6a92f93f6cbab54ed18b83 14b21cffc51e3fa319ff433e76ef6adb 0ef9f5e03c907fa1fcf9eca06500bf03 X[K[13]]...LPSX[K[1]](m) = dad73ab73b7e345f46435c690f05e94a 5cb272d242ef44f6b0a4d5d1ad888331 8b31ad01f96e709f08949cd8169f25e0 9273e8e50d2ad05b5f6de6496c0a8ca8 The result of the transformation g_N(h, m) is h = 203cc15dd55fcaa5b7a3bd98fb2408a6 7d5b9f33a80bb50540852b204265a2c1 aaca5efe1d8d51b2e1636e34f5becc07 7d930114fefaf176b69c15ad8f2b6878 The variables N and EPSILON changed their values to: N = 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000200 EPSILON = fbeafaebef20fffbf0e1e0f0f520e0ed 20e8ece0ebe5f0f2f120fff0eeec20f1 20faf2fee5e2202ce8f6f3ede220e8e6 eee1e8f0f2d1202ce8f0f2e5e220e5d1 The length of the rest of the message is less than 512, so the incomplete block is padded: m = 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000001fbe2e5f0eee3c820 The result of the transformation g_N(h, m) is h = a69049e7bd076ab775bc2873af26f098 c538b17e39a5c027d532f0a2b3b56426 c96b285fa297b9d39ae6afd8b9001d97 bb718a65fcc53c41b4ebf4991a617227 The variables N and EPSILON change their values to N = 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000240 EPSILON = fbeafaebef20fffbf0e1e0f0f520e0ed 20e8ece0ebe5f0f2f120fff0eeec20f1 20faf2fee5e2202ce8f6f3ede220e8e6 eee1e8f0f2d1202ee4d3d8d6d104adf1 The result of the transformation g_0(h, N) is h = aee3bd55ea6f387bcf28c6dcbdbbfb3d dacc67dcc13dbd8d548c6bf808111d4b 75b8e74d2afae960835ae6a5f0357555 9c9fd839783ffcd5cf99bd61566b4818 The result of the transformation g_0(h, EPSILON) is h = 508f7e553c06501d749a66fc28c6cac0 b005746d97537fa85d9e40904efed29d c345e53d7f84875d5068e4eb743f0793 d673f09741f9578471fb2598cb35c230 The hash code of the message M2 is the value H(M2) = 508f7e553c06501d749a66fc28c6cac0 b005746d97537fa85d9e40904efed29d 11. Security Considerations This entire document is about security considerations. 12. References 12.1. Normative References [GOST3411-94] "Information technology. Cryptographic data security. Hashing function", GOST R 34.11-94, Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology, 1994. [GOST28147-89] "Systems of information processing. Cryptographic data security. Algorithms of cryptographic transformation", GOST 28147-89, Gosudarstvennyi Standard of USSR, Government Committee of the USSR for Standards, 1989. (In Russian) [GOST3411-2012] "Information technology. Cryptographic Data Security. Hashing function", GOST R 34.11-2012, Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology, 2012. [GOST3410-2012] "Information technology. Cryptographic data security. Formation and verification processes of [electronic] digital signature", GOST R 34.10-2012, Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology, 2012. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. 12.2. Informative References [RFC5831] Dolmatov, V., Ed., "GOST R 34.11-94: Hash Function Algorithm", RFC 5831, March 2010. [ISO2382-2] ISO, "Data processing - Vocabulary - Part 2: Arithmetic and logic operations", ISO 2382-2, 1976. [ISO/IEC9796-2] ISO/IEC, "Information technology - Security techniques - Digital signature schemes giving message recovery - Part 2: Integer factorization based mechanisms", ISO/IEC 9796-2, 2010. [ISO/IEC9796-3] ISO/IEC, "Information technology - Security techniques - Digital signature schemes giving message recovery - Part 3: Discrete logarithm based mechanisms", ISO/IEC 9796-3, 2006. [ISO/IEC14888-1] ISO/IEC, "Information technology - Security techniques - Digital signatures with appendix - Part 1: General", ISO/IEC 14888-1, 2008. [ISO/IEC14888-2] ISO/IEC, "Information technology - Security techniques - Digital signatures with appendix - Part 2: Integer factorization based mechanisms", ISO/IEC 14888-2, 2008. [ISO/IEC14888-3] ISO/IEC, "Information technology - Security techniques - Digital signatures with appendix - Part 3: Discrete logarithm based mechanisms", ISO/IEC 14888-3, 2006. [ISO/IEC14888-3Amd] ISO/IEC, "Information technology - Security techniques - Digital signatures with appendix - Part 3: Discrete logarithm based mechanisms. Amendment 1. Elliptic Curve Russian Digital Signature Algorithm, Schnorr Digital Signature Algorithm, Elliptic Curve Schnorr Digital Signature Algorithm, and Elliptic Curve Full Schnorr Digital Signature Algorithm", ISO/IEC 14888-3:2006/Amd 1, 2010. [ISO/IEC10118-1] ISO/IEC, "Information technology - Security techniques - Hash-functions - Part 1: General", ISO/IEC 10118-1, 2000. [ISO/IEC10118-2] ISO/IEC, "Information technology - Security techniques - Hash-functions - Part 2: Hash-functions using an n-bit block cipher", ISO/IEC 10118-2, 2010. [ISO/IEC10118-3] ISO/IEC, "Information technology - Security techniques - Hash-functions - Part 3: Dedicated hash-functions", ISO/IEC 10118-3, 2004. [ISO/IEC10118-4] ISO/IEC, "Information technology - Security techniques - Hash-functions - Part 4: Hash-functions using modular arithmetic", ISO/IEC 10118-4, 1998. Authors' Addresses Vasily Dolmatov (editor) Cryptocom, Ltd. 14 Kedrova St., Bldg. 2 Moscow, 117218 Russian Federation EMail: dol@cryptocom.ru Alexey Degtyarev Cryptocom, Ltd. 14 Kedrova St., Bldg. 2 Moscow, 117218 Russian Federation EMail: alexey@renatasystems.org User Contributions:
|
Comment about this RFC, ask questions, or add new information about this topic: