148. Eyes

See also 14. ANATOMY ; 48. BLINDNESS ; 51. BODY, HUMAN ; 149. FACIAL FEATURES .

achromatopsy, achromatopsia

color blindness. Also called acritochromacy .

acyanoblepsia

a form of color blindness characterized by the inability to see blue.

aniseikonia, anisoconia

a defect of the eyesight in which the images on the retinas are different in size. — aniseikonic , adj .

anisometropia

a defect of the eyesight in which each eye has a different power to refract light. Cf. isometropia . — anisometropic , adj .

astigmatism

a defect in a lens, eye, or mirror that causes rays from one direction not to focus at one point. — astigmatic , adj .

blepharism

twitching of the eyelids.

blepharitis

soreness or inflammation of the eyelids.

blepharoptosis

Pathology . a drooping of the upper eyelid.

collyrium

an eyewash or other liquid preparation for the eyes. See also 350. REMEDIES .

conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva.

Daltonism

red-green color blindness.

deuteranopia

a defect of the eyesight in which the retina does not respond to green. — deuteranope , n . — deuteranopic , adj .

dichromation

a form of color blindness in which the sufferer can perceive only two of the three primary colors.

dioptometer

an instrument for measuring the refractive index of the lens of the eye.

dyschromatopsia

color blindness.

emmetropia, emmetropy

the normal refractive function of the eye in which light is focused exactly on the retina with the eye relaxed. — emmetropic , adj .

esotropia

a condition of the eyes in which while one eye focuses on the object viewed the other eye turns inward; cross-eye.

glaucoma

a disease of the eyes, in which the pressure inside the eyeball increases, often resulting in blindness. — glaucomatous , adj .

hemeralopia

a condition of the eyes in which the sufferer can see clearly at night but has impaired vision during the day; day blindness.

hypermetropia

the condition of farsightedness. Also called hyperopia . — hypermetropic , adj .

hyperopia

hypermetropia. — hyperopic , adj .

iridotomy

Surgery . the making of an artificial pupil in the eye by transverse division of iris fibers.

isometropia

the state or quality of the eyes being equal in refraction. Cf. anisometropia.

keratitis

an inflamed condition of the cornea.

keratoplasty

the surgical process of corneal grafting.

keratotomy

the process of surgical incision of the cornea.

lacrymatory, lachrimatory

a lacrymal vase or small vessel for storing shed tears.

Iagophthalmia, lagophthalmus

a persistent, abnormal retraction of the eyelid so that the eyeball is not covered during sleep. — lagophthalmic , adj .

leucoscope

an instrument for testing the eyes to determine the ability to distinguish variations in color or intensity of light.

leucosis

the development of leucoma, a whitish clouding of the cornea caused by ulceration.

lippitude

soreness of the eyes; a bleary-eyed condition.

macrography

study or examination of an object with the naked eye as contrasted with examination under the microscope.

megalopsia

a defect of the eyesight in which what is viewed is greatly magnified.

melanosity

darkness or blackness of eyes, hair, or complexion.

miosis, myosis

abnormal constriction of the pupil of the eye, caused by drugs or illness. Cf. mydriasis . — miotic, myotic , adj .

monoblepsia, monoblepsis

a defect of the eyesight in which vision is best when only one eye is open.

monochromation

a defect in which the retina cannot perceive color.

mydriasis

abnormal dilatation of the pupil, the result of disease or the use of certain drugs. Cf. miosis . — mydriatic , adj .

myopia

the condition of nearsightedness. — myopic , adj .

myosis

miosis. — myotic , adj .

nauscopy

the ability, sometimes pretended, to sight ships or land at great distances.

nictitation, nictation

the process of winking or blinking rapidly, as in certain birds or animals or as the result of a tic in humans.

nyctalopia

a condition of the eyes in which the sufferer can see clearly during the day or in bright light but has impaired vision at night or in poor light; night blindness.

nystagmus

uncontrollable and rapid movement of the eyeball in any direction. — nystagmic , adj .

oculist

a physician who specializes in ophthalmology.

ommatophobia

an abnormal fear of eyes.

ophthalmology

the branch of medical science that studies the eyes, their diseases and defects. — ophthalmologist , n . — ophthalmologic, ophthalmological , adj .

optician

a person who makes and sells glasses according to prescriptions prepared by an oculist or optometrist.

optogram

an image on the retina caused by bleaching of the pupils.

optography

the act or practice of reproducing optograms.

optology

Archaic . the testing of the eyes for lenses.

optometry

the practice or profession of testing eyes for defects in vision and the prescribing of corrective glasses. — optometrist , n . — optometrical , adj .

optotype

type used in the testing of eyesight.

orthoptics

the art of treating visual defects by exercise and retraining in Visual habits. — orthoptist , n . — orthoptic , adj .

oxyopia, oxyopy

an extremely heightened acuteness of the eyesight, resulting from increased sensibility of the retina.

phantasmascope, phantascope

an optical device that enables the viewer to converge the optical axes of the eyes and experience some of the phenomena of binocular vision.

photalgia

pain in the eyes caused by light.

photangiophobia

an abnormal fear of photalgia.

photopia

vision, or the ability to see in bright light. Cf. scotopia . — photopic , adj .

polyopia, polyopsia, polyopsy, polyopy

multiple vision; the seeing of one object as more than one.

presbytism

a form of farsightedness that occurs in old age. Also called presbyopia, presbytia . Cf. hypermetropia . — presbytic , adj .

protanopia

a defect of the eyesight in which the retina does not respond to red. — protanope , n . — protanopic , adj .

retinoscopy

a method of determining the refractive error of an eye using an ophthalmoscope to illuminate the retina through the lens of the eye. Also called skiascopy . — retinoscopist , n .

scotopia

vision in dim light or darkness. Cf. photopia . — scotopic , adj .

strabism

the inability of both eyes to focus on one object thereby producing the effect of squinting or cross-eyes. Also called strabismus . — strabismal, strabismic , adj .

synechia

a diseased condition characterized by adhesion, especially the adhesion of the iris to the cornea.

trachoma

a contagious form of conjunctivitis, with the formation of inflammatory granules on the inner surface of the eyelid. — trachomatous , adj .

trichiasis

a condition in which the hair, especially of the eyelashes, grows inward.

tritanopia

a defect of the eyesight in which the retina does not respond to blue and yellow. — tritanope , n . — tritanopic , adj .

uveitis

an inflamed condition of the uvea. — uveitic , adj .

xanthocyanopsy, xanthocyanopy

a form of color blindness in which only yellows and blue can be perceived.

xerophthalmia, xerophthalmy

a form of conjunctivitis, the result of a deficiency of vitamin A, marked by a dry and dull condition of the eyeball. Also called xeroma .

xerosis

abnormal dryness, as of the eyes or skin. Also called xeransis . — xerotic , adj .