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Archive-name: mailpaths/part1
Original-author: Gene Spafford (spaf@cs.purdue.edu) Comment: enhanced & edited until 5/93 by spaf@cs.purdue.edu (Gene Spafford) Last-change: 25 Sep 1996 by moderators-request@uunet.uu.net (David C Lawrence) See reader questions & answers on this topic! - Help others by sharing your knowledge UNIX News software after B-news version 2.10 -- including C news and INN -- has been designed to make it simpler to submit articles to moderated newsgroups and to reply via mail to posted articles. For these functions to work, the file "mailpaths" must exist in the news library and contain current information. This file describes the syntax of the contents of the file and how to construct it for your B News or C News system. INN's method is described in the moderators(5) and inn.conf(5) manual pages; if you do not have locally moderated groups to worry about it is probably easiest to simply define moderatormailer in inn.conf as one of the machines listed below. Some systems may not work in precisely the manner described here. In particular, some user-agent programs may consult a file of moderator addresses directly. The system news administrator should consult the documentation and man pages to determine if this description applies to the local configuration and modify it accordiningly. You can test submissions to moderated newsgroups by posting to the newsgroup misc.test.moderated. If your article successfully reached the moderator of the group then you should receive an automated reply back confirming the appearance of your message. There is also a regular posting in the group that shows the apparent source of submissions, which may help in diagnosing why your mail was not returned. Syntax ------ All lines in the file consist of a keyword followed by whitespace, followed by a printf-style format string which is used to encode a mail address. The format string should be constructed so that there is a single "%s" in the field, and other information necessary to construct a valid address to the appropriate site (see below). The keyword field consists of either the word "internet", the word "backbone", or some newsgroup pattern. These are examined by the software to determine which format-string to use. Note that the FIRST appropriate line matched is the one used -- thus, the "backbone" keyword line should be placed last in the line if regional or local moderated groups are supported. Also note that the match software quits if it runs out of newsgroup pattern, and if the pattern present matches the newsgroup. Thus, having the entries: comp.foo foo@nowhere.edu comp.foo.bar bar@someplace.org would always send mail to the moderator of "comp.foo" and not to the moderator of "comp.foo.bar", no matter which of the two newsgroups was specified! For proper operation, you would need to list them thusly: comp.foo.bar bar@someplace.org comp.foo foo@nowhere.edu Addresses that end up with both "!" and "@" symbols in the resulting address get converted so that only "!" symbols appear in the final address. An address of the form "foo!bar!baz@barf" will get converted to "foo!bar!barf!baz" and then mailed. This should work properly for "dumb" mailers but you should test it to make sure; "smart" mailers should have the format fields encoded as a simple "%s". Note that *any* address with more than a single "@" in it is illegal. Submissions to moderated groups ------------------------------- When you attempt to post to a moderated newsgroup (indicated by the letter "m" in the 4th field of the "active" file for that group), the action of "inews" is to mail the submission to the moderator. This is done by searching through "mailpaths" file for a keyword matching the newsgroup being posted to, or, by default, the keyword "backbone". Matching occurs as in the "sys" file -- thus, "world" and "all" will also match everything, while "news" or "news.all" will only match articles posted in the "news" category. This feature can be used to support local moderated groups. Once a line has been matched, the name of the moderated group is transformed into an address. This is done by first turning all the imbedded periods within the newsgroup name into hyphens (e.g., "news.lists" becomes "news-lists") because many mailers mishandle addresses with periods in the username (periods are supposed to be delimiters only in the host/domain part of RFC822 addresses, but some mailers "overreact"). Next, the transformed group name is encoded into an address using the format-string present on the line matched from "mailpaths" and the article is mailed. Thus, a posting to "news.lists" from a site with the line backbone emory!gatech!%s in the mailpaths file would have the article mailed to "emory!gatech!news-lists". Likewise, a line like backbone %s@gatech.edu would result in the article being mailed to "news-lists@gatech.edu". To make the mechanism for moderated postings simpler, a subset of the best-connected sites (plus some others) have committed to keeping a complete up-to-date set of mail aliases for the moderated groups. Therefore, to build this line in your "mailpaths" file, you need only construct an address to get the mail to one of these sites. In turn, once the submission reaches that site, it will be forwarded on to the appropriate moderator's mailbox. The sites currently maintaining these lists are given in the following list. Pick the one that is "closest" to your site and use it in your "backbone" format string: agate.berkeley.edu isgate.is funet.fi linus.mitre.org moderators.univ-lyon1.fr moderators.switch.ch nac.no ncren.net news.belgium.eu.net news.cs.washington.edu news.germany.eu.net philabs.research.philips.com pipex.co.uk relay.eu.net rutgers.edu sunic.sunet.se ucsd.edu uunet.uu.net The hostname moderators.uu.net is a pointer to all of the above sites. If you do not want to depend on any particular site above, you can use it instead. However, it will almost certainly be less reliable than using uunet.uu.net, which originates the forwarding aliases. All EUnet customers should use their feeding EUnet news server as 'backbone' for posts to moderated groups. For example, German EUnet customers would use news.germany.eu.net. Non-EUnet sites in Europe may forward through pipex.co.uk (aka pipex.net). Internet Mail ------------- If you define the "INTERNET" flag when you build 2.11 news, the software will use the internet-style "From:" header when addressing replies mailed to postings. If your mailer does not have this capability, you can still (possibly) achieve the same thing by defining the "internet" line in your "mailpaths" file to forward such mail to a host that does have a mailer which understands internet-style addresses. The format of this line is very similar to the "backbone" line. As an example, consider: internet emory!gatech!mcnc!%s Thus, if "INTERNET" was defined when this version of news was built, any reply to a news article would not travel along the "Path:", but would instead be sent to "mcnc" for interpretation and remailing. For example, to reply to this article, the mail would be sent to "emory!gatech!mcnc!tale@uunet.uu.net" -> "emory!gatech!mcnc!uunet.uu.net!tale" Note: This is being provided as a service to sites which do not have routing mailers or which have difficulty replying to articles. It is *NOT* intended for everyone to pass mail to other sites to send. Excessive use of this feature may result in severe problems for the sites doing the relaying, so please simply define this field to be "%s" if your mailer understands domain-style (internet-style) addressing. The following sites will accept internet-format mail for forwarding: beaver.cs.washington.edu decwrl.dec.com kddlab.kddlabs.co.jp math.waterloo.edu ncren.net ucsd.edu uunet.uu.net User Contributions:
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Last Update March 27 2014 @ 02:11 PM
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How to Construct the Mailpaths File
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