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Top Document: soc.culture.jewish FAQ: Worship, Conversion, Intermarriage (5/12) Previous Document: Question 11.6.4: Death and Burial: What are the Jewish mourning customs after the death of an immediate relative? Next Document: Question 11.6.6: Death and Burial: Is getting cryogenically frozen against Judaism? See reader questions & answers on this topic! - Help others by sharing your knowledge
Answer:
The following is a summary of Jewish funeral customs:
* Funerals should take place as soon as possible, often done on the
day of death or the following day.
* Autopsies are not routinely done unless required by law.
* Cremation is not allowed. This is because traditional Jews are
prohibited to desecrate a body by artificial means. According to
Rabbi Maurice Lamm "Even if the deceased willed cremation, his
wishes must be ignored to observe the will of our 'Father in
Heaven."
* Burial is a plain wooden casket with no metal, that includes no
metal handles or even nails. They are put together with wooden
pegs. Actually, Jewish tradition is to bury the person without a
coffin; if a coffin is mandatory by local law, tradition dictates
choosing a simple one. As Rabbi JB Soloveitchik put it, the
deceased can't appreciate the fine furniture. Better you spend
that money getting your synagogue a new pew!
* The body is clothed in a white linen shroud and not street
clothes. Shrouds are sewn without knots, and are a multiple piece
garment. In earlier times, the sisterhoods or women's auxiliaries
used to make shrouds for their community; this practice may still
occur in traditional communities. Today, virtually all (Jewish)
mortuaries carry shrouds, the prices vary.
This is done because of a rabbinic decree of around 1800 years
ago. People were spending more than they could afford on funeral
expenses because no one wanted to show the deceased, typically a
parent, less honor than others showed their loved ones. So, Rabban
Gamliel, the "prince" of the Jewish community of the time (and
therefore his estate would be quite wealthy), demanded that he be
buried in simple white linen, and that this become the custom for
everyone. He patterned this clothing after that worn by the High
Priest in the Temple on Yom Kippur. If G-d asks the High Priest to
enter the Holy of Holies and confront the Divine Presence in
simple white linen garments, it seems fitting to do the same when
preparing someone to meet their Maker. To this very day, we bury
people in a hat, shirt (kittel), pants, belt -- all of plain white
linen, if a man, his tallis, and simplified (and ritualized)
shoes. No pockets, since you can't take it with you. And the belt
isn't knotted, for Kabbalistic reasons.
* Objects are not put into the casket as we come into this world
with nothing and so we leave with nothing. All of us are equal in
the world to come. Men are attired in a Tallis (prayer shawl).
Note: This include pet remains (yes, we've gotten the question of
people wanting to bury their pet remains with them). If you must
have your pet that close to you, consider putting the ashes besides
your casket (if this is acceptable to all parties).
* A Shomer, guard, remains with the body from time of death through
to the burial.
* After the ritual funeral, the casket is put into the ground and
the mourners and those attending the funeral fill the grave.
* A holy society (the Chevra Kaddisha) takes charge of a body at
death. They clean and bathe the body, perform a ritual of pouring
water over the corpse (called Tahorah), dress the body in the
shroud (Tachrich) and put the body into the casket.
* Once the funeral is over, all attending ritually wash their hands
as they leave the cemetery.
* Condolences are made at the home of the mourners.
* At the funeral, an article of clothing is torn by the direct
morners. This is called kriah. It is usually a lapel of a dress or
shirt, a tie or sometimes a black ribbon that is placed over the
heart.
* Flowers are normally not sent, for the following reasons:
+ Simplicity. The tradition in Judaism is to keep funerals as
simple as possible, to make everyone equal in death.
+ Tradition. Although flowers are not prohibited, the custom
arose over time of not sending flowers, and making
contributions instead. In ancient days, the Talmud informs
us, fragrant flowers and spices were used at the funeral to
offset the odor of the decaying body. Today, this is no
longer essential and thus, many Jews do not use them at
Jewish funerals at all. Most feel it is much better to honor
the deceased by making a contribution to a synagogue or
hospital, or to a medical research association for the
disease which afflicted the deceased. This method of tribute
is more lasting and meaningful.
There is a reason for the plain wooden casket and linen shroud. First,
it demonstrates that everyone is equal in death--the rich and the
poor. Secondly, it frees the bereived family from any sense of duty to
spend more than they can afford.
A note with respect to cremation: For non-traditional Jews, the answer
with respect to cremation is more difficult. While frowned upon by
Jewish law, liberal Jews have wide opinions concerning cremation. On
the negative side, cremation flaunts the death of our co-religionists
in the Holocaust. They were burned (cremated) to ashes against their
desired will. It is difficult to understand why a post-Holocaust Jew
would wish his/her body to be so destroyed after death, as if giving
the Nazis another small victory in obliterating the remnant of our
people. On the other hand, the great Rabban Gamliel (Moed Kattan 27a)
wrote the ruling that Jews subscribe to today. There should be respect
of the dead and not undo financial burden placed upon his/her family.
While he was a prominent and wealthy man, the leader of the Jewish
community two millennia ago, he chose to be buried in a plain casket
(substitute cheap) and dressed in simple linen/shroud (substituted
cheap garment as opposed to burying in an expensive suite.) His
rational is solid in as much as funeral costs today are very high.
Cremation is a way to substantially reduce the financial burden on the
family. This is in keeping with Rabban Gamliel's position. But even if
there is cremation, the cremains should be buried. First, it conforms
to the Jewish view of returning the ashes/dust to the primordial earth
and second, it gives the family a site to direct their mourning. Many
Jews find great comfort coming to the graves of parents and relatives
at special times of the year to pay homage and respect. Scattering of
ashes or leaving grandma in the hall closet does not have the same
sanctifying power.
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Last Update March 27 2014 @ 02:11 PM
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