Top Document: Irish FAQ: The Famine [6/10] Previous Document: 4) Why did so many people die? Next Document: 6) Any references? See reader questions & answers on this topic! - Help others by sharing your knowledge No. "Genocide" is defined in the Shorter Oxford as " the (attempted) deliberate and systematic extermination of an ethnic or national group". British policy was anything but deliberate and systematic. The government did not prevent extra food from being imported (indeed the repeal of the Corn Laws had the opposite effect). The government did not force exports to continue: Irish farmers chose to export their produce. Of course, armed guards were used to protect such private property. Imports to Ireland rose and exports fell dramatically as a result of a famine (see the table below, from Ó Gráda's book). ------------------------------------------------------- Grain exports and imports 1844-48 (in thousands of tons) Exports Imports Net Export ------- ------- ---------- 1844 424 30 +394 1845 513 28 +485 1846 284 197 +87 1847 146 889 -743 1848 314 439 -125 ------------------------------------------------------- Quakers and other charitable societies were not prevented from feeding the poor. On the contrary, private charities were expected to provide most of the relief, as they had in 1822 and 1831, when subsistence crises had threatened to turn into famine. One of the charities, the "British Association", raised over £450 000 in Britain, including £2000 from Queen Victoria, not the five pounds of legend. (Around one sixth of the money raised was used to relieve famine in Scotland.) (There is real doubt whether enough food was produced in Ireland during the Famine to feed everyone [even assuming perfect distribution]. A rough calculation shows that three million extra acres of grain would have been needed to make up the shortfall of potatoes. Theoretically, there was enough acreage of grain to feed everyone if shared equally, but this assumes, for example, that none of the grain would be needed to feed the animals that would transport it.) However, there is no doubt that the governments of the day bear much of the blame for the number of deaths. There were ideological reasons for refusing to intervene, but these had little to do with anti-Irish animus (though that certainly existed, as a look at some of the Punch cartoons at the time proves) and much to with laissez-faire carried to its logical extreme. The Whigs were strong believers in free trade and small government. Adam Smith, the greatest economist of the last century had written "the free exercise [of trade] is not only the best palliative of the inconveniences of a dearth, but the best preventative of that calamity". In a mixture of fatalism and complacency, they trusted the free market to supply food to the needy, or at least the most efficient distribution of what food was available. Notoriously, Trevelyan, Assistant Secretary to the Treasury and most responsible for British relief policy, believed that the Famine was ordained by God as a Malthusian measure to control population growth. Russell's government can be justly accused of callousness, miserliness, negligence, ignorance, slowness, fickleness, complacency and fatalism. Unlike genocide, this does not amount to murder. User Contributions:Comment about this article, ask questions, or add new information about this topic:Top Document: Irish FAQ: The Famine [6/10] Previous Document: 4) Why did so many people die? Next Document: 6) Any references? Part00 - Part01 - Part02 - Part03 - Part04 - Part05 - Part06 - Part07 - Part08 - Part09 - Single Page [ Usenet FAQs | Web FAQs | Documents | RFC Index ] Send corrections/additions to the FAQ Maintainer: irish-faq@pobox.com (Irish FAQ Maintainer)
Last Update March 27 2014 @ 02:11 PM
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Ivan Brookes