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Archive-name: comics/xbooks/main-faq/part8
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-= REC.ARTS.COMICS.MARVEL.XBOOKS =-
Frequently Asked Questions
Part 8
Version 2003.02, last updated November 2003
URL: http://users.rcn.com/kateshort/faqs/racmxFAQ/faq8.html
Subject: Table of Contents
Part 8:
COMICS INDUSTRY QUESTIONS
* Why did Chris Claremont leave the X-titles? Why did Peter
David leave X-Factor?
* Are any Marvel staff reading racmx?
* What's a dangler? Is it related to a six month gap?
* What's a Claremontism?
X-MEN OTHER-MEDIA QUESTIONS
* How is _X-Men: The Movie_ different from the comics?
* What cameos are there in _X-Men: The Movie_? (+)
* What's new in _X-Men 2_? (+)
* What other movies or cartoons are there?
HISTORY OF THIS FAQ
CREDITS (+)
Subject: COMICS INDUSTRY QUESTIONS
Please note: Background information on the creators and the X-titles
editorial offices is based on over a decade's worth of interviews,
articles, and personal questions, and as such is not directly
attributed here. Now that some of Marvel's staff members are on Usenet,
they are welcomed to correct and amend any of the answers listed below.
--- Why did Chris Claremont leave the X-titles? Why did Peter David
leave X-Factor?
For this question, the FAQ-keeper is going to try and be as objective as
possible, which is tough on a question in which all information has so
far come in from interviews in fan press. However, this is definitely a
FAQ, and deserves being treated in this FAQ. Here's hoping for
objectivity.
Chris Claremont left the books he had worked on for almost half his life
because of one person, the X-titles group editor, Bob Harras. Claremont
had often stressed in interviews how important having an editor who
worked well with him on the stories was, and was thankful that all the
editors he had had (this was during Nocenti's reign) had been wonderful
and talented. Obviously, something went wrong as Harras took over,
although the eventual cause was due to problems on both sides.
The problems have been revealed in a few interviews. Harras is in a bit
of a hot seat in the very competitive, corporate atmosphere of Marvel.
One slip of the titles, and he has to explain himself to his superiors.
He's therefore always interested in keeping the books popular and
selling well, a sensible attitude for any editor.
Something that obviously caught his eye was the huge upswelling of fan
support for artists of the "Image" type (although they weren't called
that back then, since Image hadn't been created yet). Rob Liefeld, Jim
Lee, Todd McFarlane, Marc Silvestri, and Whilce Portacio were at the
forefront of a style in comics that was very popular at the time. So
popular that when McFarlane requested a title to try out his burgeoning
desire to write his own stories on, he got one starring the Marvel
flagship character, Spider-Man. The Marvel Offices were so impressed
with the sales figures coming from these artists that they were willing
to do almost anything to keep them.
One thing they weren't, though, was to give up some of the money they
were making out of selling licensed materials (t-shirts, pins, posters,
etc.) done by those artists. For these as well as other reasons, the
above artists and a few more fled Marvel in what has come to be called
the X-Odus, since so many of them worked on mutant titles at the time.
They went and founded Image. For more information, you should ask at
rac.misc.
How this relates to Claremont leaving, as well as his good friend and
fellow X-writer Louise Simonson, is as follows: maybe on his own,
perhaps because of pressure from the offices above him, Harras was
extremely protective of the Image artists on his titles. Somebody,
somewhere, was convinced that they were why the titles were selling, and
wanted them made as comfortable as possible. The trouble with the Image
artists on monthly books, like the X-Men, has been shown: they're all
terribly slow, and usually were late. This annoyed Claremont, who was
accustomed to working with workhorses like John Byrne and Dave Cockrum.
Also, as the Image team started recognizing how much strength they had
at Marvel, they started asking for more power. Jim Lee, Claremont's
penciler at the time on UXM, in particular wanted more say in how the
plot went. Claremont, usually more than happy to co-plot with his
artists, didn't like the fact that Lee's idea of co-plotting was that he
drew the issue any way he felt like, and then shipped it off to
Claremont, usually just under deadline, for him to fill in the dialogue
balloons with no say in what would appear in the issue. While the usual
practice at Marvel is to have the art made before the dialogue is
written (it's a practice that started back when Stan Lee was writing
every Marvel book in the 60s, and it's even called the "Marvel Style"
comics-writing), usually co-plotting involves the writer and the artist
deciding what will be in the issue together.
When Claremont complained about this, and the usual tardiness of Lee, to
Harras, he was told that his opinions were recognized, and things were
being worked on. However, nothing apparently was ever done. Indeed,
Harras gave Lee complete plot veto on any new plot lines (it should be
noted that Lee did not request anything like that from Harras). This
meant that Lee had all effective plotting power on the X-Men title,
since he could, if he felt like it, deny Claremont any plot that he
didn't like.
All of this might seem a bit rude, and possibly Claremont felt that
after giving twenty years of his life to this one title, he was entitled
to a bit of info as to what, exactly, the editor of that book wanted
from his writer. Apparently Harras either never answered, or else didn't
answer to Claremont's satisfaction, so after issue #3 of the new X-Men
book, Chris Claremont left the X-titles. A sign of the atmosphere he
left in was that his departure wasn't even mentioned in the letter
columns of the books he had written for sixteen years. Louise Simonson,
who had much the same experiences happen to her, left at about the same
time. To be frank, Claremont's scripting, plotting, and dialogue had
been slipping in his final years, and a sabbatical would certainly have
been helpful even in more calm circumstances.
With the departure of what was once the most dependable writing corps in
the history of major comics, Harras was now free to fill the titles with
writers who wouldn't complain so much about the artists who wanted to
run the titles a bit more indepth. The first person he got, though,
perhaps in an attempt to reclaim some of the "Big Name" marquee value he
lost when Claremont left, was old X-Men penciller and co-plotter John
Byrne. Byrne, however, was not going to even be given the illusionary
title of "writer"; he was just there to script Jim Lee's X-Men plots,
and Whilce Portacio's plots for Uncanny X-Men.
Byrne lasted only five issues on Uncanny (#281-285), and only two on the
new X-Men (#4-5). According to Byrne, he encountered the same troubles
as Claremont as scripter of the books. Lee and Portacio were
consistently late. Pages were faxed to Byrne hours before deadline for
him to dialogue as they came in, often without knowing how the book was
going to end because the plotter/artists hadn't bothered informing him.
Byrne complained to Harras. Byrne pointed out that in any other DC or
Marvel comic, the writers usually got three months to work on one issue
(most are done far before then, but that's the usual margin of safety).
He didn't mind working a few extra nights and burning the midnight oil,
because he liked the X-Men, but all he asked for was at least one month
to actually think about the issue. Harras thanked him for his comments,
and said he would work on it. No further pages were ever faxed to Byrne
for him to script.
Having now annnoyed most of the major X-writers of the past to the point
that they wouldn't work with him, Harras ended up with Scott Lobdell (a
stand-up comedian and comics writer Harras offered the job to at a
party) and Fabian Nicieza (one of Marvel's editors) as his main writers
on the X-titles. All was looking good until the X-Odus occurred, and
suddenly Harras didn't have all the Big Name Artists that had to be so
carefully protected. The chances of Harras getting back Claremont and
Byrne to write now that the artists who were partially to blame for
driving them away were gone was rather slim, so there was an obvious
period of scrambling at the X-offices to get creative teams to cover the
books.
With Claremont gone, the brightest bit of writing in the X-titles had to
be Peter David, the new writer on the "new" X-Factor. Easily mixing his
standard blend of top-notch humor with good characterization, David was
impressing people with how interesting a bunch of once second-rate
mutant characters could be. Not even this relationship was a smooth one,
however, because David quickly became annoyed by another mainstay of the
mutant titles: the crossover.
David didn't like the fact that the mutant titles invariably crossovered
once a year, often for three or so issues. He also didn't like how he
was always given fill-in artists because artist Joe Quesada was never on
time with his art (a common complaint apparently). He felt that it was
an insult to the reader to have to make do with shoddy art that was
rushed out because the regular penciler couldn't be bothered to get his
art out on time.
Meanwhile, he expressed disgust that the X-Office didn't even want him
continuing his main plot during the crossovers. He had to fight and
complain just to get one page per issue in of his normal, supposedly
ongoing, plot in his own book. Why? The editors said that it was simpler
if there was no ongoing plot in the crossovers, because then it would be
easier to collect the whole thing in a trade paperback for future resale
value without having to edit out those annoying exterior plotlines.
David's other complaints (which were listed for the net.community in a
resignation-style letter) included the mangled rescripting of a plot
device that originally was supposed to detect whether a woman's fetus
was a mutant or not (thus possibly opening the option of an abortion),
as well as demands about what characters he was supposed to feature in a
given issue. A message posted by David to an AOL folder in March 2000
sums it up:
Two reasons: I was having to backburner my ongoing storylines
every three issues or so to accommodate crossovers (giving it a
very dis-jointed feel) and the editors were "taking over" the book
in that they were dictating storylines and developments that I felt
were going to be damaging (ex: Insert Random as a member of the
team and kill off the Multiple Man.) Also they were changing my
dialogue unilaterally after I'd turned it in without telling me.
So I walked.
With that being what he had to live with, David resigned from X-Factor.
The usual bunch of scrambling, fill-in teams rushed to fill his and
Quesada's shoes (Quesada, like most of the "hot" artists, apparently
couldn't be bothered to keep to a monthly standard).
As a final note, it's unsure just how much ill-will there still is over
the X-Odus fallout. Claremont and Lee, for instance, apparently like
each other enough that Claremont wrote three issues of Lee's
WildC.A.T.S. comic (hardly a major sign of dislike).
Chris Claremont returned to Marvel a few years ago, albeit in a
different capacity. He was a Vice-President position at Marvel, in
charge of story development across the Marvel titles, and his writing
tasks included Fantastic Four and a six-issue run of Wolverine.
Evidently Claremont had enough fun on the titles that he decided to come
back--the Revolution of the X-titles saw Claremont return as scripter
and plotter of the core titles just shy of 100 issues after his
departure.
Unfortunately, Claremont only lasted twenty issues--ten on each title.
He wrote X-Men #100-109, and UXM #381-389. Claremont's second run often
emphasized the problem he faced with his run on Fantastic Four: Chris is
a fantastic writer once he's gotten steam built up, but he's a writer
who needs time to think before putting pencil to page. Given the sudden
shift over to full-time writer of the titles (while he was writing the
FF), he didn't have time to work out all of the plot dynamics until he
was about to leave the main titles. While some of the plots were quite
interesting, others left a lot to be desired. The Neo characters were
very flatly characterized, the plot with Shadowcat was left on a back
burner when the editors wanted the plots to speed up and go in another
direction, and the six-month gap meant that characters were neither
familiar to the fans coming to the books from the wildly popular X-Men
movie, nor to the fans who had been reading through the years.
Claremont wasn't fired from the core titles. However, when new Editor-
in-Chief Joe Quesada started restructuring the X-Books a year after
Claremont's return, he gave Claremont a choice: share the core book
writing with one other writer, or move to a single new title that would
be separate from the core titles. Claremont opted for the latter.
--- Are any Marvel staff reading racmx?
Some are. Most come and then go again, though. Some do so because
they're no longer involved with the X-Titles, others because they can't
keep up with the sheer volume of discussion, and others because they
just aren't that interested.
Over the past few years, the newsgroup has been visited by the likes of
Chris Claremont, Peter David, Keith R. A. DeCandido, Warren Ellis, Jay
Faerber, Steven Grant, Larry Hama, Joseph Harris, Rob Liefeld, Scott
Lobdell, Fabian Nicieza, Brandon Peterson, Joe Pruett, Ben Raab, Tom
Raney, Steven Seagle, Gail Simone, Louise "Weezie" Simonson, Walter
Simonson, Robert Weinberg, Anthony Williams, Brian C. Wood, Ethan
Van Sciver, and J. Steven York. If you wander over to our sister group,
rac.misc, you'll also see Kurt Busiek, Tony Isabella, and Christopher
Priest. Still others have participated with rac.* regulars on mailing
lists or message boards. Some are/were regular contributors, while
others posted a single response and never returned.
All this means, of course, that posters on racmx should maybe think
twice before posting up personal attacks on the creative staff of the X-
titles, since, unlike for a long period of Usenet history, they're
finally around and a lot of racmxers would like them to continue to
contribute to the group.
Not insulting people in general is a good policy to aim for, of course.
Not threatening them, however, is something that needs to be
underscored. Many fans tend to get angry at a creator's treatment of
their favorite characters, and may occasionally post (in jest) threats
of violence on the newsgroup, i.e.: "Such-and-such writer should be
drawn, quartered, and hung for doing this to Wolverine, and if I ever
find out where he lives I'll likely do it myself." This is Not Cool.
Please don't do it.
--- What's a dangler? Is it related to a six month gap?
Danglers are the racmx term for juicy bits of storyline that are raised
in the comics, and then... never show up again. For example, if Storm
receives a mysterious package, and a big deal is made of what might be
in the package, and then the package and its contents never show up
again, that's a dangler.
Danglers happen for a few reasons. Sometimes, a writer is juggling so
many plots that he or she neglects to pay attention to one of them. By
the time the writer remembers the plot point, it's probably no longer
interesting to the readers, so the dangling plot thread is just left to
dangle, instead of properly being tied off.
In other instances, the editorial staff creates danglers. Sometimes a
writer really wants to finish a storyline, but the editors realize that
the storyline is dragging and the readers are losing interest. In that
case, the plot threads are just dropped while the writer needs to work
on new plotlines. A great example of this is the X-Men Revolution arc
that Chris Claremont was writing. He had every intention of telling
readers what happened to Kitty Pryde after she disappeared, but the
editors asked him to take the plotlines in a different direction, so
readers will never know where Kitty actually ended up between the space
station and college. A change in writers is often accompanied by a
healthy amount of danging plotlines. Obviously, new writers have ideas
about what they want the X-Men to do, so they usually don't bother to
tie up the plot threads that a former writer can't finish before leaving
the book.
Finally, there's the six month gap. This editorial device has been used
a few times by Marvel staff to give new writers a "clean slate" after
ending a major storyline or before beginning a new direction for the
line of titles. Such a gap was used after the Age of Apocalypse. Rogue
had absorbed Gambit's powers just before AOA, but now it was supposedly
a few months after everything returned to normal, and the characters
had moved away or hit the road to deal with various problems. We never
really saw what happened in-between the end of AOA and the beginning of
Rogue-on-the-Run; we just knew that Iceman had taken after her.
As a second example, the X-Men "Revolution" concept at the time the
X-Men movie was released was designed to return Chris Claremont to the
team books, as well as letting other writers take over struggling titles.
To allow the writers to bring in their own ideas, the first issue of a
new writer's plot would feature the teams and characters as if six months
had passed. Often, plotlines dangling before the gap were left dangling,
and new twists that supposedly occurred "during" the six month gap would
sometimes become danglers as well, if the writers didn't get to explain
the plot before editors requested rewrites or assigned a new writer to
the book. The power switch between Psylocke and Phoenix is one example.
Is there a solution to danglers? Probably not. Writing to request an
explanation of a dangler might remind the editors that a juicy plot
device is available for writers to use, but most of the time the books
will take whatever shape the current writers and editors want.
--- What's a Claremontism?
Most writers who have written many stories have developed a certain
cadence and language in their writing style. Chris Claremont is very
well known within comics circles for his trademark phrases, which are
called "Claremontisms" by the fans. As with all trademark phrases, some
beome tired cliches after a while, but others remain fond memories of
past stories and characters.
Do you recognize any of these Claremontisms?
* Ah'm nigh invulnerable when Ah'm blastin'.
* Back off, bub. We take care of our own.
* Bub
* Bunky
* By the white wolf!
* Comes with the uniform.
* Cripes!
* Da, Tovarisch!
* Flamin' muties!
* Flamin' _____!
* Goddess!
* Heart's Desire
* Hidey-hole
* I am _____!
* I love you. And I, you.
* I possess you, body and soul!
* I'm the best there is at what I do. And what I do... isn't very pretty.
* It was sweet of you to worry.
* It wouldn't be polite to disappoint them!
* Me an' mine.
* Me and my big mouth.
* No quarter asked, none given
* Not today, and not by you.
* Our own fate, our very lives, they're nothing.
* Selfsame
* Sugah
* Take your best shot!
* That fact alone makes them deadly beyond imagination.
* The focused totality of her psychic power!
* Ungaublich!
* We did none harm, yet harm was done to us.
* Wolverine! Fastball special!
* Yum!
Subject: X-MEN OTHER-MEDIA QUESTIONS
NOTE: These questions pertain to the movie and cartoon versions of the
X-Men, not to their actual comic-book incarnations.
--- How is _X-Men: The Movie_ different from the comics?
There are many, many ways that the movie is different from the actual
mainstream continuity of the comics. For one, the school has far more
mutants in it than the casts of Uncanny, X-Men, Generation X, and the
Hellions/New Mutants/X-Force kids combined.
The team in _XM:TM_ consists of Cyclops, Jean Grey, and Storm, all led
by Xavier. In movie continuity, Cyke and Jean are not yet married
(though they share a room in the mansion), and Jean is a doctor.
Wolverine and Rogue first meet in Canada, instead of meeting when Rogue
runs away from the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants and comes knocking at
Xavier's door. A few other things must be noted about Rogue. First of
all, in the regular comics Rogue has the powers of flight and
invulnerability, which she gained from Ms. Marvel in the classic
Avengers Annual #10. She's also had her distinctive white stripe from
the get-go. Furthermore, the Rogue of the comics has *never* revealed
her real name on-panel, and it's strongly believed that if anyone knows
it other than Rogue's original parents, it would be Mystique (Rogue's
foster mother) or Destiny (Mystique's long-time companion).
The villains and supporting cast also have changed. Toad probably
received the most changes to his character, and all are improvements.
The Toad of the comics was always an Igor-like hunchback to Magneto, and
usually did little more than jump around uttering annoying lines. The
Toad of _XM:TM_, however, can climb walls much more efficiently, has a
strong tongue that can grasp items, and a rather nasty ooze.
--- What cameos are there in _X-Men: The Movie_? (+)
Quite a few cameos of (and homages to) familiar characters appear in
_XM:TM_. They are:
* Bobby: Bobby Drake is Iceman, an American adult who can create ice
and snow from the moisture in the air, and travel on created ice-
slides. (He has lines.)
* Kitty: Kitty Pryde is Shadowcat, a Jewish-American teenager who can
phase through walls and short-ciruit any electronics she passes
through. (She has lines.)
* John: St. John Allerdyce is Pyro, an Australian adult villain who
can control, but *not* generate, any fire or flame. (He has lines.)
* Jubilee: Jubilation Lee is Jubilee, a Chinese-American teenager who
can make colorful fireworks and small explosions. (She has no lines
but can be seen in the same two classroom scenes as Kitty.)
* Dani: Danielle Moonstar is a Native American teenager who can make
your dreams or nightmares materialize in front of you. (She has no
lines but can be seen in the same two classroom scenes as Kitty.)
* Colossus: Piotr Rasputin is Colossus, a Russian adult who can turn
his entire body into organic steel. He's an artist, and is
currently an X-Man. (He has no lines but can be seen in the
opening mansion scenes sketching near the lily pond and basketball
court.)
--- What's new in _X-Men 2_? (+)
Loads of familiar friends and new characters show up in _X2_. The plot
is relatively simple: Colonel Stryker is using a drug created from his
mutant son's body in order to control mutants (specifically, Nightcrawler
and Deathstrike) as assassins. Stryker also raids the mansion and is able
to capture several students. The X-Men discover this plot and work for a
brief time with Magneto and Mystique (she having broken him out of jail)
in order to rescue their students. They also need to rescue Xavier, who
has also been kidnapped and is being brainwashed into killing all of the
mutants on earth via his Cerebro machine. At the end of the film, Pyro
goes off with Magneto and Mystique, Wolverine leaves Stryker to drown,
and Jean gives her life to allow the X-jet to take off. In the final
scene, Rogue, Bobby, and Kurt all appear in uniform with the X-Men team.
Cameo-wise, there are a few goodies. Colossus armors up and helps the
students escape from the mansion when Stryker attacks. Kitty is seen
phasing through a wall, while Siryn is seen giving off her trademark
scream. Jubilee is among the kidnapped students held at Stryker's base.
Hank McCoy and Sebastian Shaw are seen in a televised talk show debate
that is playing when Mystique seduces Magneto's prison guard in a bar.
A student with a forked tongue by the name of Artie doesn't remotely
match any characteristics of the character found in the comics, and
there doesn't seem to be a match for another young boy who can change
TV channels just by blinking. There are also *many* X-Men and Marvel
characters and organizations listed as file folders when Mystique, as
Deathstrike, breaks into Stryker's computer system to download the
plans of his hidden base.
--- What other movies or cartoons are there?
There have been quite a few attempts to cash in on the X-Men craze in
other media. A quick rundown:
* _Pryde of the X-Men_ (1989)(TV)
_Pryde_ was the first attempt to make an X-Men cartoon. Characters
include Cyclops, Wolverine, Colossus, Xavier, Emma Frost, Toad,
and the Blob. It's really a failed series pilot that was
repackaged for video sale. Notable for thin plot and poor voice
casting, it uses an Australian accent for Wolverine. It runs 30
minutes and is pretty bad.
* _X-Men_ (1992)(TV)
This is how it should be done. The cartoon cast includes Xavier,
Cyclops, Jean Grey, Rogue, Gambit, Wolverine, Jubilee, Storm,
Beast, and a whole host of villains along with Magneto. The voice
casting was very well done, the plots were generally stable, and
the series touched upon many other X-Men and Marvel characters in
its 5-year stint. While continuity wasn't always in line with the
comics (the most obvious examples being Morph's inclusion and the
not-quite-right attempt at the Phoenix Saga), the characterization
was great.
* _Generation X_ (1996)(TV)
The first live-action adaptation of the mutant franchise was this
TV-movie. The villain of this story is Russell Trask, played by
Matt Frewer (of _Max Headroom_ fame). Trask is a scientist out to
use mutants to advance his schemes. When he finds out that old
adversary Emma Frost is teaching a bunch of mutant teenagers, he
decides to kidnap her students to use in his attempts to control
the world by controlling everyone's dreams. Characters included
the familiar Emma Frost, Banshee, Jubilee, M, and Skin, a weird
version of Mondo, and new characters Buff and Refrax. It had a few
moments, but was generally miscast (a white girl as Jubilee?) and
poorly plotted. A sequel was planned in 1999 but never made it to
production.
* _X-Men: Evolution_ (2000)(TV)
This cartoon series features Cyclops, Jean Grey, Rogue,
Nightcrawler, Shadowcat, and Spyke as teenaged high school
students. Mystique is the principal of the school, which also
includes such students as Toad and Quicksilver.
Subject: HISTORY OF THIS FAQ
RACMX is the latest in a line of newsgroups dealing with the X-Men.
The prior incarnation was rec.arts.comics.xbooks, and its sage was
David R. Henry, who originated it. The original FAQ was broader, with
more information on more things, like netiquette, the video games,
neat X-Men resources, and all the publications about or involving the
X-Men. Much of this FAQ is still his work.
Kate the Short took out the resources and the netiquette, and made
two different FAQ's out of them which she maintains independently.
Jane Griffin did a whole pile of work after taking over for DRH,
adding several new questions (and answers), integrating issue numbers,
separating out the list of X-Men publications, and producing the first
official HTML version. She and Kate worked together to reorganize much
of the FAQ as it grew.
Marty Blase maintained the FAQ after Jane left.
After almost two years of dormancy, Kate decided to take on the darned
thing again. She's been the FAQ-keeper since summer 2000. Be nice and
help her out, okay?
Subject: CREDITS (+)
This FAQ could never have remained as up-to-date as it is without
the contributions of the following people:
Amethyst, Arbitrator, Ken Arromdee, Charlie Ball, Chris Barry,
Belascoamo, Cami Benham, Billy Bissette, BlakGard, blank blank,
David Bredenberg, D.A. Brooks, Daniel Butler, Brian Caffrey,
Chris Campbell, Eric T-Rex Chastain, CleV, Hilton Collins,
Russ Cullins, Judy Daniluk, Peter A. David, Keith R.A. DeCandido,
Nick Demmon, Brian Doyle, Steven Dumont, Mike Ellis,
Aaron Forever, Brian Fried, Marc-Oliver Frisch, Tom Galloway,
Eivind Gladheimstreng, Addison Godel, Robert Gruhn, David Goldfarb,
Thomas Heil, Joe Helfrich, Jeremy Henderson, Christian Henriksson,
Chris Holly, HooksX, Matt Hutchins, Andrew Ingle, ivan2000,
Rivka Jacobs, Marie Javins, jinx, Joey/HBWolf21, Rick Jones,
Joe Krug, Large n Incharge, Mike Lavin (aka "Greenstool"),
Carol Dawn Lee, Hosun Lee, Diane Levitan, Jacob Levy, Peter Lidkis,
Sean Lightner, Jim Longo, Johan Lundstrom, Peter Luzifer,
The Main Man, Douglas Mangum, William May, Jennifer J. McGee,
James McGhee, Sonja Mendoza, Pietro Meroni, Brucha Meyers,
Danny Miller, James Moar, Fabian Nicieza, Toby Nieboer,
Andrew Oakley, Paul O'Brien, Laura M. Parkinson, Al Patterson,
Pecadilo, Martin Phipps, Piercey, Lord Populous, Shane Potter,
Prosh, Joanne Puchalik, queenB, Deepak Ramani, Maryann Robbins,
Ryan Royce, Justin Samuels, Liisa Sarakontu, Chris Schumacher,
Amy Sheldon, Clara Showalter, Gail Simone, Louise Simonson,
Walter Simonson, Christian Smith, Sorted magAZine, Eric Stieglitz,
Tilman Stieve, The Stirge, Swpwarrior, Chris Sypal, Terrafamilia,
tphile, Jon Trouten, Jeremy Turner, UltimoV, uplink, Sean Walsh,
Alasdair Watson, Craig Welsh, Gregory Whittaker, Mitchell Wietz,
and James Willer.
Special thanks go to Jane Griffin, for keeping the FAQ in excellent
working order; Marty Blase, for helping keep the entire newsgroup
sane and enjoyable; and David R. Henry, without whom, I assure you,
this would not have been possible. And hugs to Aardy R. DeVarque!
*** The End! ***
Compilation Copyright 2000-2003 by Katharine E. Hahn
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