CIA HISTORICAL REVIEW PROGRAM RELEASE IN FULL
SURVEY OF SOVIET ECONOMISTS AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS
8
N*
FOREWORD
between Western and Soviet economistsroblem for those Western economists who are unfamiliar with the institutional organization of Soviet economic research activities or with individual Sovietrief survey of the pattern of economic research activity in the USSR is giver, in this report, and the activities of the more important research organizations and the most recently observed interests and affiliationsumber of the major Soviet economists are identified Not fully covered are specialized economic research organizations and (he substantial Dumber of economists, commodlly specialists, and others active in these organizations. The activibci of these specialized economic research organizations are focused primarily on research on detailed problems of industry, commerce, or agriculture rather than on theoretical and applied researcheneral character that is of wider interest to Western economists. Because! of the considerable interest generated by recent Soviet activities in the field of econometrics and mathematical programming; however, some of the specialized research organizations and less well-known economists active in this field are included. Russian names, titles, and terms are transliterated according to the method of the United States Board on Geographic Names-Soviet economisti may be distinguished by both rank and position within an organization and by academic degree. The transliterated titles for these positions are compared below with those in universities in the United States.ubstantial number of the economists that are included are not identified as holding advanced degrees Such identification is difficult because Soviet sources often do not refer to the positions and degrees held by persons in official capacities Or by the authors of books and journal articles.ailure to mention academic attainments does not necessarily mean that the economist in question
holds no advanced degrees.
cademic Rank
Ajpirant
An assistant tomember of theraboratory. Usuallygraduate studentepartmentrobatkooary period mhisteaching poMtion.
SwiAiyliirr nf
The lowed tea chinj( pottbUo. Equivalent, to ininUS univrmty
A tenior instructor.
The lo-ot of 'fall*uniti Although etos* to tuituot profeeaoe.ir calledbut rather amevtf within the
laJtaW
ProfttiOr
The second of "WT aodenac rub Ooee to
2. PoeHny ftefctor
aatucsate pmtrootheit nrA. Eqarvalroll professoc
S university.
The head of the university and equivalentni-
veislty president. Heads the itklmanlver-
<ity admintttrillotimtuTtet done to chairmanepart-
nsrnt. he fakutM tsil I. headed by
a iLtbnwr
Th* heedbdi-iuooahJm ctoeefcair.
Nauchnifl lolrudnik
pfol*uon M
itific -iiiiiW. uniJily A'signilcd B> mUdihly
or ituriJilyeittor). I I
are iiitnlly found in reaearchhe* than in luiivcnitiei Ociw.iofially one tind* j
'i'1-yymivervtv
t aucputn inf.
egrmt
Karulidal ekonamichesk&h
"auk
Doktot ant*
AktaUmik
comparable to the Ph.D. decree in ero-notnlct la the Unil'tl Stitci. Bectitao of theequiremcnta lor the degree among inttituUufH ui both cAinfiwi. Hie extent of com-parahd.ty depends on which iMtifutttos awarding the degrcci in the Two countries areenon.andidate of inen-o. In raihl*nceniveriity woildng toward the doctoi of scfencciegree higher than katuiidat ol economic icieucei. ba'ing an counterpart in (he United State*rqam no farmer tnateag but doea require tha iScferae of an additionaln honorary title that can be interpreted ai aTarl-emtcun or lull memberiven acadnmy. An honorary tide of aoroewhit Utter rank it rUan-korrtipondtnl. or cormponding mcmVr FuD aaemberahlp in the Academy ofSSR, n. of rourae, highly praaagnu. Uaiem itated othrrolie. the term academician mean! an academician of tha Academy of Sciences. USSR.
Because of the lack of familiarity of many Western economists with Soviet economic phraseology, an effort was made to substitute termsumber of Soviet phrases (hat more accurately convey equivalentnglish. However, in manyore meaningful equivalent In English would have required the use of some further explanation. Hence, the followingist of certain Soviet terras appearing in the textiteral rendering into English, accompaniedore detailed description of their meanings.
RuaauH (niNSUTawna) Literal
Knoirdacrtei Economic aimuntability An teg animation operating on
a khomuchet baiii chargesU against its receipt) (rum the ale of good* orand seeks- torofit or US
lotM.
Vixproticodatco
Reproduction
riL
Soiui
A MaraiH term foe thegenerallythe heading olA atamlard that itplannerser.inventorynd
PoUlvtuikap, Politicalbid of tpeOiliialoci in
that could more meenJfgfnBy baai UM craoosruc theory "
iii'.tj
hlauchno-tekhnicherkiy
progress Ztkonomemaye razvitiye
prottooditoa Af ateriaTno lil/iin'rJir stayi irvifiineniue
Kafedia
l/pnmfeniife
or- old of economicthat deab with the
Inteioal consistency ofplanning and the determination of desirable relative ratei of growth of various industries. Technological
Socntific-technical prog-
Keeularconomic development in conformity with natural kws.
Speeialiaban of the varan
Communistn dif-
economic activities.
Material-technical supply The distribution ofand ma lei tali ol aO types to pi educing organs-xabonr Department or facultyarticular subjectna. vtastty.
Tnnlated. at management, control, gaierassmiCor adaimitraTion. Its moat er-proprieto Eagbah rendition, esfieeially mlireiaturs. at man-
maW Mathematical model
Basit fundi
Cybernetics
Osnovriyve fondy
Oborornuyemeans
general chasajCUtlurJoaeoeaan, object, orin terras ofwhich enables the relatively sanest maatpula-Qdi of vsrlabsse so be acto determine how the process, object, or concept wouldifferent situations.
The study of coramunicnOooj and crmtrol In or ga Hired Syatonal of varying com-plenty. In Its moremaiiileitattooimathematical and computer!
A term reitrkted to Used capital whenalcn to Include stocks of durable physicaluildings, structures, and equipment) that are used for more than one year andalue of SO rubles or morn
Wortuor. capital as the form. of tosaatorsai of supplies. roods in process and in-ashed product, equipment* spaa of Was than one year, and fiuaocial assets.
in
BLANK PAGE
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword j
1
and Direction of Economic 2
of Research 2
in Coordinating 3
Problem 4
A Sketch of Some Recent Developments in Soviet Economic Thought 6
Organizations Engaged in Economic Research and Their Chief Personnel 8
of Sciences, 8
of Economic 9
of 9
Institute of Economics of World Socialist 12
of World Economics and International
of the United States of America
Mathematical-Economic13
Department of the Academy of
of Economics and Organization of Industrial Production 16
Institutions Related to the Institute of Economics and
Organization of Industrial
Departments of the17
17
Nature of Research Conducted Under Gosplan
Research Economic Institute of Cosplan
Research Institute on Price
Methods Commission for the Balance of the National
Economy
for the Study of Productive
of Complex Transportation Problems of Gosplan 21
Research Institute for the Organization of Manage-
ment and
Statistical Administration 21
Nature of Research Conducted in the Central Statistical
Administration21
Research Institule for Planning Computer Centers
and Systems of Economic Information
Committee for Construction Affairscientific
Research Institute of Construction
Page
of Trade: All-Union Scientific Research Institute for the
Study of Consumer Demand and Marketing
Committee on Labor and Wages. Scientific Research Insti-
tute of
Ministry of Foreign Trade: Scientific Institute of Market Research 24
Ministry of Finance: Scientific Research institute of
Ministry of Agriculture
Scientific Research Institutf of Agricultural Economics 28
of Economics and Organization of Agriculture
of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural
Cnd Educational Institutes
Moscow Stale University
Leningrad Stale 23
3 Moscow Institute of National 29
Moscow Rnanctal Institute
Leningrad Finanoe-Economics Institute
Economic Statistics Institute
oscow Engineering-Economics30
3 Leningrad Engineering-Economics 30
'"-mc-.ics Organizations
Economists
APPENDIXES
A: Transliterated and Translated Titles of Institutes and Or-
ganizations .
Appendix B; Transliterated and Translated Titles ofC: Addresses of Research Institutes andD: Index of Economises
7
-11
SURVEY OF SOVIET ECONOMISTS AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS
I. INTRODUCTION
Ceneral economic research in the USSR is performed mainly by economists at the professional level who are engaged in full-time research orombination of research and teaching. Most of these economists have completed three-year graduate courses in economics in universities and educational institutes or in research institutes leading to the degree of Candidate of Economic Sciences and many have attained the degree of Doctor of Economic Sciences. These highly trained economists constitutemall fraction of the total number of "economists" inR as enumerated in official occupational statistics. In the USSR the term economist also is used to refer to personnel trained in business administration and management skills such as accounting, to technologists or engineer-economists, and to semiprofcssional and clerical personnel such as bookkeepers. Of the total number of economists in this broaderpecialized in "economics" in the higher educational estabUshrncntssniye uchebnyyereferred to asnd ann the middle schools. Still others lack even the middle school preparation.
Economists at the professional level arc concentrated in Moscow, where the principal economic research establishments and most of the outstanding educational institutions are located. Many prominent economists are affiliated with two or three organizations,ew of the (Op economists arc affiliated with more, For example, numerous economists are affiliated with one of the economic research institutes of the Academy of Sciences, USSR, in Moscow and concurrently are affiliated with one of the educational institutions in Moscow or with one of the governmental economic research establishments such as the Scientific Research Economic Institute or the Council for the Study of Productive Resources. Perhaps the outstanding examplean having multiple high-level affiliations. Kantorovich, Academician of the Academy of Sciences, USSR. Kantorovich. who is recognized both in the USSR and elsewhere as the "father of linearoctor of mathematical sciences. Currently, he is deputy director of the Institute of Mathematics. Siberian Department of the Academy of Sciences. USSR (SO ANormerly he was director of the Laboratory for Economic-Mathematical Methods, SO AN SSSR. He alsoember of the editorial board ofatemalichesktye melody.
The elite among the economists at the professional level Include principally those who have gained prominence both through exceptional research and through the performance of high-level administrative duties such as direction of economic research institutions or government organizations. Many of these have received additional recognition by election to full or corresponding membership in the Academy of Sciences. Economists who are full members of the Academy of Sciences. Fedorcnko, Director of the Central Economic-Mathematics
. Kantorovich. Director oi the Mathematical-Economics Division of the Institute of MarJwmatics. SO AN. Khachaturov. Chairman of the Council on Economic Efficiency of Basic. Mernikov. member of the Council for the Study of Productivestrovityanov,of the Council on the Economic Regularity of the Development of Socialism and its Transition to. Rumyantsev. Vice-President of the Academy ofSSR. Secretary of the Department of Economics, AN. Sobolev, Director of the Institute of Mathematics, SO AN SSSR:. Strumilin, former Vice-Chairman of Cosplan.
Econcenists who are corresponding members of the Academy of Sciences include AG. Aganbegyan, Director of the Institute of Economics and theof Industrial Production, SO AN, Dyachenko, Chairman of the Council on Scientific Principles of Price. Catovskiy, Director of the Institute ofN. loozemtsev. Diractor of theof World Economics and International Relations; CI. Marchnk, Director of the Computer Center of the Siberian Department of the Academy of Sciences.. Mileykovskiy, Headub-section of the Institute of Worldand International. NefcjasOv. Chairman of the Council for the Study of Distribution of Production. Novozhilov, Director of tbe Leningrad branch of. Pashkov, Institute of Economics of Aeademy of Sciences,lotnlkov, Chairman of the Ccnincil on the Economics, Planning, and Organization of Industrial. Ryabushkio. Deputy Director of the Institute of Econoirucs of World Socialist. Starovsldy, Director of the Central Statistical. Vinogradov, Institute of World Economics and International Relations;. YeGmov, Director of the Scientific Research Economic Institute of Cosplan.
II. ORGANIZATION AND DIRECTION OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH
General economic research is conducted primarily in economic research institutes and laboratories subordinatebe system of the Academy of Sciences, which includes the RSFSR affiliates of the Academy as well as tbe academies of sciences of the otherepublics,ariety of national governmental units, including state committees and ministries all directly sut> orduiate to the Council of Ministers, USSR.esser extent, ecottornic research also is conducted by the economics faculties of universities andinstitutes that constitute the system of vuzes. However, because of heavy teaching loads, university professors have little time or inclination for research. The relative modesty of the research effort mounted by members of university faculties is further suggested by tbe small share of journal articles and monograph titles for which they are responsible.
A. Division of Research FurKtiom
A formal division of research functionstwcm the academic economic research organizations in the system of the Academy of Sciences and In the vuzes on the one hand and the government research organizations on the other. The former are responsible for the development of broad theoretical approaches to the solution of outstanding economic prohleim and the making of specific recommendations based on those approaches. The latter typically engage in applied research primarily in support of the administrative functions of their parent organizations, although this appears to be somewhat less true of the research organization* subordinate to Cosplan than o( most uf the otheiv
Within the system of the Academy of Sciences, the better known economistseneral, the better quality of research tend to he concentrated in the research organizations directly subordinate to the Department of Economic Sciences of the Academy of Sciences in Moscow and to the Siberian Department located in Novosibirsk. The departments of economies of the RSFSR regional affiliates of the Academy and the institutes of economics of the academies of sciences of the union republics generally have not attracted the better research economists, although there are notable exceptions.
Among the government-directed economic research organizations, those subordinate to Cosplan, the Central Statistical Administration, and the State Committee on Questions of Labor and Wages arc the more influential, employ the better economists, and (because of the comprehensiveness of the responsi-bililies of their parent units) are engaged in research on broader economic problems. Moreover, the economists in these organizations appear to have somewhat greater freedom to explore paths of research and to make policy recommendations independently of their parent units than do those of other government research organizations. The economic research organizationsto other centra! governmental units, such as the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture, as well as the narrowly specialized research organizations subordinate to regional and local governmental units, generally are more closely confined to research support of the administrative activities of their parent units and tend to employ less well-known economists.
Among the vuzes, those located in the traditional centers of learning-Moscow andto have economics faculties of higher caliber and to engage in more research on broader topics than do their counterparts in other parts of rhe country. The economics faculties in vuzes outside Moscow and Leningrad tend toreater proportion of their time to teaching and performimited amount of economic research, much of which is oriented toward local problems.
B. Difficulty in Coordinating Research
Nearly all economic research is financed directly by the government and is conn-oiled by both the Party and the government. Because of the large number of parent units to which research organizations are subordinate, however, the focusing and coordination of economic research on important national problems has proved to be difficult. At the present time, there is no single organization responsible for overall direction and coordination of economic research on national problems, although it has been proposed that Gosplan function in this capacity. Under the present arrangement, the Department of Economic Sciences of the Academy of Sciences, USSR, and Gosplan share in the direction and coordination of economic research on national problems, with the Department being responsible for research done in the system of the Academy of Sciences and in the vuzes and with Cosplan generally being responsible for that done by governmental research organizations over and above research done purely in support of their pareot units.*
* The State Committee on Science and Technology of tho Council of Ministers. USSR, also is associated with tho coordination of economic research, butrole is limited mainly to eooidiiiation of research on the ewooroic aspeeU of technoIogicaJ developments in individual industrial branches.
The Department of Economic Sciences is charged specifically with the direction and coordination of economic research among the departments of cco-
of the RSFSR regional affiliates of the Academy of Sciences, the Institutes of economics of the academies of sciences of the umoa republics, and the economics faculties of the vuzes. Dircctxrn and coordination of research are effected through the Association of Soviet Economic Scientificermanent organization that is subordinate to the department and comprises the economic research organizations in the system of the Academy of Sciences and the economics faculties* of the vuzes. In the performance of Its duties the association assigns the research priorities and coordinates the annual research plans of the member organizations The association also promotes continuing coordination through the holding of regular national and regional conferences, through csxtuutges of working programs and draft research reports, and through the encouragement of personal contacts among researchers. The association is subdivided into problem sections that correspondo the fields of research covered by the scientific problem councils al the national level (discussedn observationestern economist testifies to the working reality of the arrangements for coordinating research efforts. His comment is enlightening regarding the low priority accorded the social sciences in the Soviet Union,research in the social sciences, and the difficulty of actual physical coordination of what research is done. He notes that research economists of the Institute of Economics must conduct most of their work at home, for the institute has been accorded little space in general and only sufficient office space for tho director. Such conditions make coordination, discussion with one's colleagues, and exchange of ideas difficult, if not Impossible.
In directing and coordinating work on national economic problems by economic research organizations that are subordinate to governmental units, Gosplan has no standing association comparable to that used by the Department of Economicresumably because of the large number of theseand theirarrow interests, Gosplan performs itsfunction primarily by means of ad hoc conferences that are convened to discuss specific research problems and at which only limited numbcri of these organizations are represented.
C. Scientific Problem Councils
Overall coonxmarioa of the research on national problems conducted in the Department of Economic Sciences with that conducted in governmental units is effected primarily by individual research organizations and economists rather than through parent units. Although this coordination is facilitated byoc conferences convened to discuss specific research topics,0 its main means of attainment hasarge, interlocking network of"scientific problem" councils, most of which are directed by theof Economic Sciences and which have authority only to advise and recommend.
The closest counterpart under Cosplan to the Airutution ol Soviet Economic Scientific Instihil" ii the Council of Economic Institutes, established In 1MB under the Scientific Research Economic Institute. This council, the membership of which includes tOOSt of the top-level economic researchhe pnenunent. in the Department of Economic Sciences, md *j> tb* wife* was deslgid to facilitate coordination between gawfnmeoul and Other raeaaretin too rathe* than within eoverurnent. The rwxoon of the council has been taken own UreHs- by the tcaeobrk problroi council t. ami appear* to be rebtivrif MacOw
These problem councils, which coordinate research on the most important national problems as determined by Cosplan and the Academy of Sciences, are
complied of economist* with common interests employedide variety of research organizations within the system of the Academy of Sciences. In govern-mem, and in the economics faculties of the vuzes. The councils, which remain active only as long as the problems on which they are to work remain on the priority list, plan research programs in their fields in accordance with the directives of the regime, apportion research work among their member, and review the results of tbe research.
Most of the courieils are directed by "head" research organizations to which they are assigned on the basis of special competence, and are chaired by Individual eccrornists who are CAitstanding in the field of research covered by the council. The pnnopal councils that are believed to have been active7 are listed in tbe following tabulation, together with their bead organizations and their chairmen:
Council on Scientific Principles of Price Formation
Council on the Economicof Basic FuihU, Capital Investments, and New
Council onnd Material Incentives
Council on Economic Comparison of the Two Systems andCountries
Council on Optimal Planning and AdmauStraLoo of the National
Cmahouh P. Dyachenko
V.
Hub One* NiZartON Department of Economics
M. Catovsfay
hi. ii.uivirt-.ev
Deportment of Economics T. S. Kbichaturov
Department of Economies Department of Economics
A.
Department of Economics N. P. PeiSceenko
on theisa- DeperuaaM al Fcooccoxa
Wcr, and Ogamratsoo of In
dastrial Enterprises Coeucat on CbeaniraliiatM of the DrpuiorO of Eeowsnice
N'atmnal rUooceor Cooacd on the Doveaapmsat of Departroeot of Ecnoonoca
thef Socttliam and the
Trsmsrooo to Cortsmimltm Council on the Problems of Spn- Department of Economics
Cine Social Research Council on the DUtribuboo of DcrmrtmrDl of Economics
Productive Form Council on the Social.Economic Department of Economics
Problems of the Population Council on the Piabtrm of tbe Department of Eooooroics .
World Socialist System
N. PVxaiiov
N. P.. Osoovityanir.
A. M. Rmnvantsev N. N. Nekrasov T. V. Ryabiuhkln C. M. Soiokin
A SKETCH OF SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN SOVIET ECONOMIC THOUGHT
l>iring the Stalinist era. economic research was devoted to the investigation of closely circumscribed questions and to the development of Marxist doctrinetrictly orthodox fashion. Since the death of Stalin. mvcsn'gatlon and public discussion of economic issues have rangedrogressively broader field. The ideological constraints of Marxism have not been cast off. but they have been reduced and circumvented by many Soviet economic thinkers. Very often these triinkers appear to approach problems quite pragmatically, although they express trscmselves in Marxist terminology and pay at least nominal obeisance to Marxist dogmas. Such tactics have moved Soviet economic thought far along the path toward conventional economic theory. Nevertheless, the remaining elements of
Marxism in Soviet economic thought stillood deal more than merely nominal or vestigial.
The- roots of the modernization of Soviet economic thought can becontributions made during the Stalin era. Kantorovichathematician, developed the concept ofand applied this tool to questions (at fiat very narrowlyresource allocation. Novorhilov stumbled upon tlie principle ofwhile seeking logical rules to guide capital allocation. Inherent inwork are concepts of marginal analysis and of scarcity of non-laborboth of which are anathema to orthodox Marxists. Until recently,and Novoxhilov have sought to show how resources shouldtoiven bundle of* final products at the least cost,from discussing the optima] determination of the mil of productsturned out. However, this constraint on their work may have beenAn extension of marginal analysis to the demand side of thequestion practically amountsecniuHtiition of Western demandthe concept of marginal utility or marginal rates ofbody of thought, coupled with the previously developed applicationsthe supply side, could prove cmbarrassingl* difficult to
reconcile with the Marxist labor theory of value. Nevertheless, Western demand theory was largely rediscovered iny AA. Konyus, who stated its principles in Marxist terminology and mathematical equations.
Currently, the intellectual descendants of Kantorovich and Novoxhilov are concentrating their efforts on the development of the theory of economy-wide optimal planning. They arc the dominant element in the Central Matriernaacal-Econoauc Institute of the Academy of Sciences. USSR (TsEMI AN SSSR) and in the institute of Economics and the Organization of Industrial Production of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of SciencesPP SOnd they are prominent eLsewhere as well. Although Kantorovich and Novoxhilov continue to publish from time to time, the principal spokesman for what may be called the mathematical optimality school of thought now seems to. Fedorcoko, the Director of TsEMI. Other prominent economists whose work is characterized by pragmatic application of mathematical methods to general questions of resource allocation. Aganbcgyan, A. Vaynshteyo, AX..akarov. SS Shatalin, and NT. Veduta. The latter three, along with Fcdorenko, now haveortion of their attention to the formulation of an aggregate demand (or objective) function for the Soviet economyey step in the development of an optimal production plan. In. Yefimov, Yu-A. Oleynik,. Katsenelinboygen have endorsed theoptimality approach to economic. Pugachevontryagin have contributed to this approach also, but they essentially arerather than economists.
Resides formulating abstract general equilibrium models, economists of the mathematical optimalitytheir mathematically inclined colleagues whoess comprehensivemathematical and econometric tools to determine such matters as the most desirable geographical distribution of the plantsiven industry, the optimal combination of energy sourcesegion or for the countryhole, the proper inventory norms for given plants, the optimal scale of piojected enterprises, and the most efficient way of utilir.ing available transport facilities. Finally, mathematically orientedcentered in the Scientific Research Economic Institute of Cosplan are
G
applying input-Output techniques to supplement the traditional mittcn.il balance method of pUnning production.
Although dm mathematical optimality school provides the mostrationale for the .abandonment of the Stalinist command system of economic organization, its membership dors not include all the Soviet economists who favor reform in the general senseovement away from central command techniques Nor are nuthernatical ability and interest in economic matters sufficient qualifications for inclusion in (hisa. Boyanlttyrominent mathematical economist who has attacked the optimizers vigorously andegative stance on questions of economic liberalization.. Liilch-lu'n. L- Leont'yev.l whom press for greater reliance upon market principles but none of whom hatood mathematicalprominent among the advocates of truly radical reforms. The most famous reformer of themleast In theYe.C. Liberman, who is neither malhematfscalrv oriented nor asb approach as Lisichkin, Leon*'rev. and Burnan. L'urmin ismoderate whose relatively modestapparently gained tacit acceptance in the reforms that have been carried Out5 because more progressive thinkers backed them as the best that could be pushed through in thend because these changes were not sufficiently radical to arouse insuperable opposition in more orthodox quarters. His continuing stream of writings indicates that he favors the enactment of further reforms in response to specific Individual problems rather than as steps in the implementationomprehensive general equilibrium model. Unlike the mathematical optimality school, Liberman apparently has no grasp of the "big picture."
Reform-minded economists have evoked considerable opposition within their profession. The rruthexnatical optimality approach has been attacked by AJ. Pashkov andA. Kronrod as well as by Boyarskiy and others. The dean of Soviet. SoTiiziuin. has been very critical of certain liberal proposals, as. Ostrovityanov, Vu.Ilats, CP...c. Kamcnitser, and uncounted others. Opposition to change appears to have been uncommonly strong in financial organs, including the Moscow Financial Institute.
The division of economists into liberal and orthodox groups is, of course, an imperfect and arbitrary exercise. Individuals may be more liberal on some issues than on others, and they may change their positions over tttne There is an intermediate group of economists thatumber of important individuals whose views, although heterogeneous, gerreraUy can be characterized as cautiously reformist. This group.. Bunich. N.. Catovskiy.urskiy. Ya.B.. Vaag. and. of course, Yc-C.. Tsagolov and Sh.Ya, Turetskiy have endorsed limited reforms, while they have criticized the mathematical. Venzher hasrominent advocate of applying the principles of the industrial reform in agriculture. In most important respects, the reforms that actually are being carried out are more in line with the views of this middle group than those of either the more liberal or the more conservative group. On the issue of price revision, for example, both the pleas of the liberals for flexible prices based on opportunity costs and the opposition of the orthodox to the consideration of interest charges In price calculations were ignored, very much as Vaag and others in the intermediate group had recommended, and the principle of economic rent was recognized in fixing prices In the extractive industriesK The new prices
were established in general on the basis of industrywide average costoughly standardized rate of return on capital. Given the rnodcaate nature of the reforms that have been enacted, it is not surprising that reonornic writers who are associated with the administrative and planning apparatus frequently can be classified ai members of the intermediate group Such wriiers. Bach mi. Rumyantsev,. Khachaturov.
Since, several (actors have caused Soviet economists to take increasing interest in cyberneticsool to be used in managing the economy. First, these economists have become more cognizant of the constraints imposed on economic planning and management by the existing inadequate system for gathering economic information Second, the work of VS. NovozfUlov, LV. Kanrnrovich. and others in mathematical progranuning and input-output analysis has brought increased awareness of the poterroab of mathematical methods andconomics. Third, great technological advances have been made in the development of electronic computers.
Cybernetics has been described variously by Soviet writers as the science of communications and control and as the science of optimal management and the design of managerial systems. Concepts originally based on analogy with the mechanisms of the human nervous system have been applied to systems built around mathematical models and computers.ystem isid whereby information is collected, instructions are given, resultsare analyzed, and new instructions are issued based on the initial results. Enthusiastic Soviet economists have ventured lo regard the entire national economyomplex system whose planning and management would be greatly improved by proper application of cybernetic principles. Sovietwho apply the term cybernetics to nearly all applications of mechanized data processing, are considerably more excited about cybernetics than their Western counterparts, who apply the term only to the utilization of electronic computers. Moreover, tbe appeal of cybernetics to Soviet economists is enhanced by current plans toationwide network of computer centers to be operated by the Central Statistical Administration to coordinate the management of the entire economy.
Two models for the automated control of economic planning andhave been partially developed by the Central Mathematical Economics Institute and the Institute of Cybernetics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev. The growing demand for people having cybernetics skills has led to the creation of the Institute of Cyberrjetiex of the Academy of Sciences, USSR, and to the establishmentafedra of Ecooornic Cybernetics of the Economics Faculty at both Moscow and Leningrad State Universities. (The two kafedrandtudents, respectively,
IV. ORGANIZATIONS ENGAGED IN ECONOMIC RESEARCH AND THEIR CHIEF PERSONNEL
A. Acodemy of Sciences, USSR
Under the general supervision of the Academy of Sciences. USSR, there is an academy ol sciences in every union republic but the RSFSR Insteadeparate academy, the RSFSR has ten regional affiliates and the Siberianof the Academy of Sciences, USSR- These affiliates hiivc departments
of economics that engage in research, bul they generally do not contain institutes of economics.
The republic academics, which arc located in the republic capitals (with the exception of the Estonian Academy located inach support an insti-tutc of economics that conducts research on regional aspects of many of the same problems studied by the Institute of Economics of the Academy of Sciences, USSR.
Typical of the organization and activities of these institutes is that of the Institute of Economics of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. The institute employsersons, including more thanandidates of sciences. Although the institutes primary interest is in the area of agriculturalit also is participating in research on the wide-ranging topic of the future distribution of economic activity in the USSR by economic region.
eportment of Economic Sciences
The Department of Economic Sciences, formed in2 from the economic research organizations under the former Department of Economics. Philosophy, and Legal Sciences, directs most of the economic research performed under the Academy of Sciences. The principal organizations engaged fa economic research under the Department are duttussed below.
a. Institute of Economics
The Institute of Economics, founded0 and merged into the Academy of Sciencesroader charterarger number of the best known economists than any of the other econornic research institutes. The institute comprises eight sections: Economic Efficiency of Capital Investment andChange, Economic Accounting and Economic Problems ofFormation of Prices, Economics of Agriculture, Cencral Problems of Political Economy, Development of the Economy, History of Soviet Economics and Soviet Economic Thought, and Economic Information.
The director of the. Gatovskiy. described the current directions of research at the institute in Vestnik Akademll iVoufc SSSR,mphasis is being given to the following areas of research: "proportional devel-opmcnt" of various sectors of the USSR economy, efficiency of technological progress and capital investment, formation of prices, implementation of the economic reforms, economic theory, and techniques of long-term forecasting. Tho institute is primarily responsible for research related to the reform of the economic system, studying new systems of management and incentives, and developing more thoroughgoing systems of economic accounting, or khozraschel. Studies of the "transition" from socialism to communism, of non-Marxist economic theory, and of the development of socialist and communist theory continue to occupy the institute.
Much of the econometric research done in the institute, including that making use of mathematical programming and input-output analysis, is done in the sections on Economic Efficiency of Capital Investment and Technological Change and Economic Information. The institute publishes the leading monthly journal. Voprosy ekonomiki, which is devoted to presentation of the results of theoretical research and to reporting the results of empirical work.
Some of the more important economists active in the work of the institute aro as follows;
I..M.
..
..acheuko, VP.
Feygln, Ya.C
Ctadkov, LA
Kaniaukhora, YeS. Kassirov, LN. .
Xsaduturav, TS
Kheyntnan,.
.e..
of the Institute ei Economics, Cortetpondjig Member of uW Academy of ScMcat. USSR. Doctor ofSoraces. ftuteaaca. Head of DepaaroatTit of Economic AimrtBsg ml Economic PioWems atcement. Chessman of the Council lot Kaoanraicand Material Incentives ol Production. Chair, man of (he Scientific Economic Comnuinon of the Department o' Economics, Academy of S< tenors, USSR; member ol editorial board of Vopmau etonomaU.on economic theory and inoentivet
Doctor of Eeoaocnsc Sciences; Professor, formerly wvth Cosplan. tpectalal in economic geofraphy
Depart director oi the irrsrirule. Doctor ot Fjooomkublic fiftsnot. abo nsaocated with the Moscow rViaricisl Institute.
Candidate of EconuoUc Sciences; specialist in economic development
Candidate of Economic Sciences and tVaurAnyy aofnidniA; specialist in technological progress.
Dtctnr of Economic Sekncrs and Sfsrahiym public flasace and cod
Ccertspcatdftig Member of Academy of Sciences. USSR. Doctne of Economic Sciences. Professor. Chairman of the Council on Scaeneanc Principles for Prioa Formatsoa. Head ol Department on Formation ol Pilcea of the Institute ol Economics, former director ol the institute, member of editorial board of vojnoiy eaonointii;in public linance, banking, and price formation
Corresponding Member of Academy of Sciences. USSR. SSR. Doctor ot Economic Sciences. Professor; Head of Sector on Location of Industry; specialist in thedistribution of iaduitnal activities
Doctor of Eoooosptr SOeaces; Head of Section onHistory, ipeciabit in economic history.
Doctor ol Economic Sciences; specialist in agricultural labor.
Doctor of Economic Sciences; member of editorial board of Ekanomka arfakogo Wsoaooyarm. specialist infinances
Academician. Doctor of Economic Sciences. Professor; Secretary of DepaiUnest of Economics. Academy ot Sciences'. USSR. Head of Sector onstacr of Capital Inveitn;ent. loemnof the Institute oi Complei Tiaosporlatlon Problems. Chairman of tbe Council on the Economic Efficiency of Basic Funds. Capital Investment, and New Equipment; Chief Editor of Voprrxiy eAorv 'r.-ulij specialist in transport and capital investment.
Vaucruuyypecialist in industrial labor pro-
duCtjvrty.
Coarcsfjoodusg Member of Academy of Sewncea, UVrairja? SSR; Doctor of Ecoewemc Sciences. Professor, Stflnhty nmuJinyy nS'iHfMk; specialist in economic history and
Doctor of Economic Sciences; specialist in the machine
building industry and technological progress. Specialist in labor economics and the structure ol the labor
Doctor of Economic Sciences, former deputy director of tbe institute; specialist in pricing and national income accounting.
Krasovskly. VP.
Kronrcd, Ya.A.. Kv*iba. Ya.V.
Lineman, Va.C. Mancvlch.
..
Msnslavsldy.AJ.
Psshkov,.
Popov.
of Economicead of Department on the Economic Efficiency ol Capital Investment, Basic Fuiuli. and New Technology. Deputy Head of the Coon, il on the Econoone tOarocw of Bauefm1aadipmem.on mw
Doctor of Economic Sciencei; beadector; specialist in Mmlit economic Ihenry.
Doctor ol Economic Scieocei. tpecialJit in planning aod
Doctor of Economic Sciences; specialist in capitalplanning, and labor economics.
Academician of the AII-Union Agricultural Academyrofessor; formerly director of the institute; specialist in the economics of agriculture.
Candidate of Economic Sciences; specialist In public
Doctor of Economic Sciences; Professor; Head o( Sector
on Labor Problems; specialist in Labor economics and
living standards. Specialist in wages and incentive* in Industry. Deputy director of the institute; Doctor of Economic
Sciences; Professor; spec la list In technological progress
and economic history. Doctor of Economicpecialist In prices and
Doctor of Economic Sciences; Professor; Head of Sector. oo the Regularity of Rates and Proportions o' too Economy; specialist Id nconooilc development,and money fiows.
Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences; Doctor of Economic SeMncaa. Profeeace; formerlyof the Department of Political Economy of MoscowUrMventty;istory of economic thought and MaxiUt ecoooouc theory.
Caretpoadiftg Mambn of the Aiadray of Sciences. USSR; Doctor of Ecossomk Sesenees. Chairman of Council on the tUoooana, Plannir.g. aad OrgiaiuQoo of iBdustrUj Entoiyslw; former director of the inMi-reto; raernbee of ed.torlal board of Vaprosy (konocub;
ipenalJl In public
Scieritlhc eeoelary for foreigncademician; Vice-Pi evident of the Academy of Sdeocra. USSR. Academic Secretary of the Deswitioent ofAcademy ol Sdnnces, USSR; Profesaor; Chair-man of Council on the Problems of Applied SocialAcademy ofSSR, member ofboard of MirvooyawJiduiwtodnyueaMMlalUt In organisation and
Yea..
s..
..
aotrudnik. formcHy In Scientific Researchof Labor; specialist in labor economics.
Doctor of Economic Sciences; Professor; SicihU/ tottad-nit; specialist in labor economics.
Dean of Soviet economists; Academician; former Vice-chairman of Cosplan; former Vice-Cliairmaii of the Council for the Study of Productivepecialist in Marxist economic theory, history, and statistics.
Doctor of Economic Sciences; Professor; Sfurahly tatrud-nit; specialist in demography.
Doctor of Economic Sciences; Professor; Slarshiij lutiid-nik; spceulut in agricultural economics.
Doctor of Economic Sciences; specialist in electric power.
Doctor of Economic Sciences, specialist in Westernthcoiy and mathematical economics.
I 1
Vorob'y-vj.in indoUrUl accounting.
iii> Id .il eciMiOflrici Willi an interest in economic pluming.
Vol EnanWc Sciences. Professor; Deputy Di-
rector of ihe Institute ol Economics, Academy ol Sciences. USSR. roemeriy Chairmantnieot of
EcoaovUci of Foreigr. Countries. Mourn State I'm-
versiiy; specialist In the economic* of noii-conunuiiut countries and growth of kii developed countries.
Zaetev, ACome of Eimnaonoee Mirlrlii of Fiance.
specialist in finance
The Institute of Economics of World Socialist SystemsN SSSR)
The Institute of Economics of World Socialist Systems, establishedonducts research on communist economies CM. Sorokin is director of the institute. Its main task is lo study the development of other socialist rconomies, their common problems, and their relationships with one another and with the remainder of the world. The imntute also provides research support for the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA).
Some of the economists active at the institute are:
Sorokin.irector of the institute; Concapoodlng Member,of Sconces. USSR: Doctor of Economic Sciences;teeaosnic hartory of lociahst oraaatrae*.
eputy director of the institute, Doctor of Econcaah)pecialist In efficiency o' production.
Kaeialov.ecretary of the Institute.
rofessor; specialist in economic statistics
Doctor of Economic
conom
eonnimpiion ecorwmics, and demography.
Byaouihlrso,dreeetoc of the BalUoir. Ceesespoodmg Mem bee.
Academy of Sciences, USSR, Doctor of Economir
c. Institute of World Economics and International Relations (IMENO AN SSSR)
The Institute of World Economics and International He hi lions, which emerged in its present forms concerned with ecoTrornic and political research on rjoeecoiniriunist cevntries. NJf. Inozerotsev is us current director. The institute't primary mission is lo detect changes in the economic and political situation of the world and to assess the significance of these changes in relation to the interests of the USSR. The institute is divided into six geographic and six functional sections. The si* functional sections arc; General Problems of Imperialism, Agricultural Problems in Contemporary Capitalism, National Colonial Problems, Current Ojoditroiu in Capitalist Countries. Problems of American Imperialism, and Workers* Movement in Capitalist Countries.
In7 the institute's work was reoriented to deal with specific problems in individual Westernpecial research section, staffed with about eight researchers, was organized to analyze specific aspects of the USection similar to the US section probably will be organized for Japan, Canada, and Western Europe. The institutepecial section ofeople engaged In long-term forecasting and studying econumic activity in capitalist countries. Research on other rron-consmiinist countries (forinternational comparisons of price* or productivity) is conducted primarily in other research institutions.
The institute publishes its work in monographs and in its monthly journal. MirovayaezJidunarodrufyeEIH).
Some economists who are active in recent research of the institute are;
N.N. .
Director of tbe institute; Corresponding Member. Academy ofSSR, Doctor of Historical Sciences;of editorial board of WEIR; specialiM in market cxiotlitioDf in copt talis! countries. Deputy director of the institute; Doctor of Eceoomk
A.:
.
.
.
..
of Economicormerly chiefection in the Institute of Economics, Academy of Sciences, USSR, dealing with the economies of foreign countries.
Doctor of Economic Sciences;rucrmyi;formerly in Scientific Research Institute ofin international comparisons of laborand input-output analysis; specialist inof labor productivity amongdirector of the institute, Doctor ofProfessor; Head ot Section on themember of editorial board of WEIR; alsotlte Department of Economics. Moscowin the US
Academy of Sciences. USSR; of Economic Sciences; Professor; Head offor tbe Study of Economic Theoty in Capitalist Countries.
Doctor of Economic Sdeocet; Sforahiy Muchnyu aofrutf. mi, specialist in the economics of ooo-communist
Corresponding Member, Academy of Sciences, USSR; Doctor of Economic Sciences; Headector; tpccjliit in labor productivity.
of the United Slates of America
The Institute of the United States of America was created innder the Academy of Sciences,.octor of philosophical sciencesember of the editorial board of WEIR, was appointed director. The institute is designed to conduct research in depth on the economy, poh'ttcs, and social problems of the United States as well as to study potentialities for Sovict-US trade. In addition to policy-Oriented research, the institute plans to publish books on specialized American subjects for the Soviet academicArbatov has announced his intention totaff ofeople, half of whom would be researchers with graduate and specialized training.
Mathemalical-Economk Institute (TsEMI AN SSSR)
In3 the Central Mathcrrtatical-Economic Institute of the Academy of Sciences was formed from the following; the Laboratory for Economic-Mathematical Methods, the Department of Economic Mathematics of theCenter's Laboratory for ftogramming. the Mathematical Croup of the Institute of Economics' Department on the Economic Efficiency of Capitalthe Deparlment of Transportation Cybernetics of the Institute for Complex Transportation Problems, and the Laboratory for Mathematical Methods of the Council for the Study of Productive Resources.
The Institute's primary responsibility is the creation and implementationnified system of planning and control that will utihne the projected tutioo-wide network of computer centers- The institute dors research on ihe theoretical problems of optimal planning and control and is attempting to construct amathematical model of the national economy that will reveal solutions to these problems Among the tasks to which it hai addressed itself have been tho developmentorkable and ellective arrangement to coordinate centralized planning with increasing enterprise independence, reform of the Soviet financial system, and clarification and systematizalion of the existing hody of economic legislation. The most immediate issue of concern in recent months has been developing alternative approaches to the formation of prices.
The institute's nine departments, each employing fromersons, are further divided into laboratories ofhe nine departments are as follows: Models, of Growth (Expandedcientific Basis of Complex Models of Planning and Administrationethodology ofEaperiments. Territorial and Sectoral Systems of Optimal PlanningSystems of Administration and Management. Mathematical Programming Computers and their Utilization, Foreign Countries,omputer Center.
The Centra! Mathematical-Economic Institute also has branches in Tallin and in Leningrad. The latter is headed. Novozhilov. Some economists active inesearch are as follows:
N.P.
..
Cherayal,
Didejucbc. FF. Colanskiy, MM.
Corfan,utsenel (nboygen,
Director of TsEMI; Academician: Doctor of Economic Sciences. Deputy Academic-Secretary of theofcademy of Sciences, USSR, Kafedra of Mathematical Analyst* of the USSREconomic* Faculty of Moscow University; Chief Editor ofortmain>pe-ctalist In mathematical economic* god the chemical Industry.
. Candidate of Economic Sciences; specialist In in pet-output aaeiyrn and resnocuJtpul laodeb Doctor of Economic Sciences; Professor; member ofboard of Voprory economist; specialist in optimal planoing. Kwirmeturt in mdustry. qoeenons of fanner, and use of Sied capital Candidate of Economic Sciences, formerly with thefoe Economic-Mathematical Methods, Academy of Sciences. USSR; specialist la cybernetics, automatic pforesttoe, of cccmomic bifortnanoa, and input-output analysis.
Leningrad branch of TsEMI; specialist In theory of pknainr. price feetneooss. and capital investment
Candidate of Economic Sciences. Sidrahn/ ruBrfinyv aorrudmi; lurmerly Deputy Director of the La born lory foe EeuciomU-Mathematical Meehods, Academy of Sciences, USSR,athemallcal ecCfOSnacs and model baddine.
Scientific Secretary of Ihe institute; beadn rnethernatkeJ ccorsomici.
Doctor of Economic Sciences, heedboratsey at the institute, formerly with the Irotitute of Economics;In mathematical economics and llieory of crnclmal planning.
Doctor of Economic Selreieo. Sia'iniy wfinJnA.of editorial board ui Elonnmiiu i ProfessorAnalysis
of the USSR Ecoroeay of the Eccenruct Faculty. Men-cow Uolveruty; specialist in the ttirory of optimal plan ninft and economic cybernetics.
.
.
e. .
. .
Oleysifc,
a.VJ. ..
. .
.
Candidal" of Economic Sciences; tpecialist In rr^iaml devvtopirwnt irmjrrsptu.istribution ol
prod 'list.
Wstifcc Secretar. of the Laboratory tot Eeo-rsoreac Mathies!cademy of Stseracee, USSR. Deputy Chief Eiw of aUotsseattamttrmti-tArstiye metcaVapital mmtrtmr and matheanalical econornica
Doctor of Economic Sciences; was active In directing work of Laboratory for Ecoromic<Mathematicalunder tha Council for the Study of Fniductlve Forces, USSR; member of thisn maconomics, input-output analysis, and labor utuautlon
Deputy director uf the institute; apparently In wmi-revvtre department concerned with manar-tmrnt theorv. Mrawber of editorial board of Etonosaala Ispecialist innd snfor-naatsoa systems
Corresponding Member of the Aesdesny ofdsn-etor of Leningrad branch of TiF.MI.Economic Sciences, Professor; member ofofofemsricfcertlye mrtody;hi In mathematical economics, optimaleconomic
Deputy director of the institute; Candidate of Technical Sciences; specialist in developing computer techniques to solve problems of planning, management, and other economic tasks.
Candidate of Economic Stances, headaboeamrv in the ussUhste; ipeeisliH in price fcetssauoo. mathemsCical economKs. and economy: rejoicement
Cajsdsdaar of Tecsuskal Sciences. Dotas-w. headaboratory Ua theathematician who works on optimal planning.
Deputy director ol tbe institute; Candidale ol Economlc Scienccs. specialist In input-output analysis and plan-
octor of Technical Sdeocet; headaboratory In the institute; special fat in capital investment, input-output analysis, and the turnoveroctor of Economic Sciences. Professor; StanJuy aatrttd-ntt; member of the Presidium of the Council for tbe Use ol Mathematics and Computers In Economicand Planning; specialist in economic andstatistics and comparative measures of economic activity among countries. Member of editorial board ofnatemanrAati-kiyepecialist in Optimal planning,and price formation.
iberian Department of the Academy of Sciences (SO AN SSSR)
The Academy of Sciences, USSR, was the first institute to implement the policy of geographical dispersal of research institutions and personnel bya Siberian Department in Novosibirskhe Siberian Department, AN SSSR,art of the complex of scientific research institutes and universities which constitute Akademgorodok (literally "academicn Novosibirsk.dispersal was ptompted by the following considerations; (a) the industrial and agricultural development plans for Siberia and the Soviet Far East necessitated greater and improved scientific and technical support; (b) faster application to the economy of scientific and technical advancesloser working relationship between both theoretical and applied research
tutions and production organtzations; and (c) dominance of established scientists in the existing science centers threatened the dcvelroprnent and advancement of the creativity of young wicntists. It was hoped that ihe developmentew research centei would provide an opportunity for young scientists lo develop their potential by assuming more active roles and more responsibilitiesoung and growing scientific conterrunity The SihrriaQ Department is responsible for research on major long-range problems in basic and applied science and for providing scientific and technical support to the programs for the economic devetopmeat of Siberia and the Soviet Far East
o. Institute of Economics ond Organization ol Industrial ProductionPP SO AN)
AC. Aganhegyan became Director of the Institute of Economics and the Organization of Industrial Production in7 and immediately brought about the merger of the Laboratory for Economic Mathcmatic Methods, SO AN. with this institute. Since the merger, emphasis in the institute has shifted from primarily labor-oriented sociological research to development of the use of mathematical methods in economics.
The institute, which employsersons,onsiderable portion of Its effort to studying the development of the eastern regions of the Soviet Union. In addition, research is directed to the more theoretical problems involved in applying mathematical methods in planning and sociological research. The institute also functionsoordinator of the research of morecientific research institutes, including central and branch Isborjtor.es. economic laboratories, and industrial enterprises. The Institute of Economics andof Industrial Production publishes the Seriya obthchestveniu/kh nauk of the Uvattya sibwtkogo ottUltnvjG akadtoM nauk SSSR- This series on social sciences includes economic topics.
b. Other Institutions Related to tho Institute of Economics and Organization of Induitridl Production. SO AN SSSR
Several organizations have close ties with the institute. The Institute of Mathematics SO AN (Academician and Doctor of Mathematical Sciences SL. Sobolev is the Director) and its Matbesnatical-Economics Division work closely with the Institute of Econorxiics and Organization of Industrial Production. Academician and Doctor of Mathematical. Kantorovich is Deputy Director of the Institute of Mathematics, SO AN SSSR. He also serves as Director of the Mathematical-Economics Division of the Institute of Mathematics. SO AN SSSR,rofessor at Novosibirsk State University, andember of the editorial board ofatemoticheiktifepecialist inanalysts, computer techniques, and economic mathematical planning Kantorovich was Director of the frjrraer Laboratory for Econom*-Mathematical Methods SO AN.athernatician interested inapplications in economics, also works at the Institute of Mathematics. Some of the institutes more prominent economists are the following:
Agnnbegynn,ot the initttuir. Coneipiwidoig Member nt the
Academy of Sciences, USSR; member of editorial board ofle-vnwricheiliye rnrtedg. Head ofh*ciks Drpo/tTKfot of Novosibirsk University, ipeclalut In use of mathematicalmodels, optimal planning, and labor economics.
Akkseyev,of editorial board of WE IB. specialist in Mra-r-
national crxnrpariaon* of ocoraii acOv.Uei
Ctadyahev,rutucAnyy lotrujntk,in labornconixuki
Cor bun water trarxporUtioii in Siberia.
Kslirmvsliv.in Ubor ttonomici with .nWr.it in regional wag*
OUak. esvajrnet
Oris*. Drpwt) director of the mratutr. VaaW
Scirneet. specialist in (bo devdoprnent of industry lad ttaniport.
. .. Spetialbt hi labor economic).
Soratnrhiy. VS. Doctor of Economic Seie-iices, Pirifcunr, special! it in
. Candidate of Economic Sciences Head of Department of
Economic Model Budding; specialist in uie of mathe-matical economic mcdeu, optimal planning, andconomic theorv.
Zaslavthiya,in agriccltora! ecooomica
B. Executive Deportments of the Government I. Goiplan USSR
a. The Nature of Research Conducted Under Gospian USSR
Cosplan (State Planning Committee) USSR was elabllshed1 and subsequently has beenumber of times, most recently inurrently beaded by NX Baybakov, Cosplan primarily Is an operational economic planning organization, but the economic research that is conducted under its auspices probably is the most influential and important performed in the USSR. This research Is aimed at perfecting economic plans, improving methods of planning, and finding ways to tighten control over the execution of plans. Because of the comprehensiveness of Soviet economic planning, this research touches practically all aspects of the economy.
To perform this rxoraorriic research. Cosplan hasarge group of the bast trained and most able economists in the country. For the most part, these ccorsocniits were obtained in eonrursction with transfers of research functions from tbe USSR Sovrsarkboz (abolishednd from the Academy of Sciences. USSR. In addition, many outstanding individual ccorsomists have been brought inart time: consulting basis from the research institutions of the Academy of Sciences and from tbe vuzes. One of the principal features of this group of economists is its heavy weighting with specialists in econometrics and statistics. In addition to those engaged primarily in research in the economic research institutes and laboratories underumber of outstanding economists are engaged in administrative duties in Cosplan itself. Cosplan publishes tho monthly journal, Ptanovoye khozyaystvo.
Somo of the outstanding economists active in the work of Cosplan are as follows:
f Cciplanetition of ministerial rank).
Bachursn,Chairman of Caspian; Candidal* ot Ecejooraac
Sciences; Head ofor. of finances and PmdurOoc Coais. meccbes of editorial board of PUnouye lAos-aayatto; Specialist in real ioconse and ra utilization, and the state budget
Oiersryaeikiy. VxD.of Economiceadvsuoa cm [nCrn-
dttcttg New Method* of Ptaatwng. speoalot ia op-tirniiatjon of planning, location of induitry. productive ettViency, and hsdustrsal management
of the Subdivision lor the National Economic Bal-
ance Sheet; aprcialisl In pioOuctlon italiitica.
Drogichinikiy. N.
..
Member of edit-jrul board of PUnoooy* IAo;^oyiew.
ipMuhituttral administration and reform. Specialist tn agricultural planning
.. Krylov. pjj.
blomskiy, Ya.A.
Petrov. AXe. Rogovsk(y, NJ.. .
Ordinal* olf the Sub-diion Pike Formation of Stale Pureol Caspian, head of wction in ihe Economic) Kacultv. MQicii* L'orwiiily. ipwOlal In prun for-
Chief Editor of rWcvoyr Uiczyayirco. specialist Inlement
Gambiale of Econoenicpeculjt in marhe-
VlkMyaycr. A...
inattia] economic! and input-Outputof Economic Sciences. Deputy Head of Sob-oW/M lor the National ijieciahtt in plan balance* andAcademician; also aKriated with the ('rained lot theProeV'.veof Economic Sclencei; Dottenr; Head offoi Introducing Computer Techniques member of rditoeial boardeWy. specialist in theol inalriematk-al method) inof Econorrakiofetace; aireMoscow University, specialiit in economicand planChairman of Cotplan: member ofeneetcrWaoye ineciahtleconomics andartmeot of Labor Productivity andmember of editorial board ofspecialist in laborDoric w, Division oflann.ng. alio associated withof National Economy, specialist In
Candidate of Fcoracetueimher of Corarvtnw
on Prices of Cosplan; specialist in pricing. Daputy Head of Sector of Heavy Machine Building.
reiectahst on the raacrnn* building mriustry Specialist in using computet! in plan formation
Each union republic hat its own Cosplanesporuable for the more localized economic planning tasks wjthtn the republic. The most influential republic Cosplan in terms of the quality as well as the scope of its work is that of. the RSFSR. The Central Scientific Economic Research Institute of Cosplan RSFSR (TsENII) has emphasized such areas of research as dutrihution of industry among the republic's economic regions, use of capital in industry, and the overall productive efficiency in. Taranov is the institute's director. Ye.V. Kasimovskiy. Doctor of Economic Sciences, is head of theDepartment of Labor Productivitypecialist in labor. Protsenkopecialist in input-output analysis at the institute.
b. Scientific Roteareh Economic Institute of Gosplan" (NIEI Gosplan) The Scientific Research Economic Institute of Cosplan, under the directorship. Yrfimov, is the most active and influential of the Cosplan organizations engaged in economic research. Established5 and later placed under the USSR Sovnarkhw. it was transferred to Cosplanhe objective ofhose iniUnrtes whose lltiet end with the words lUnplona SSSR are fully subordinate to mill an integral part of the Cosplan oiganiistmn Institute! designated an Coiplone SSSR are aaaoriated with Cosplan but are not acnatUy part of Cosplan For complete transliteteted Human tun of the IcJrowing niiOrntet. tee A| oeridii A.
institute is tohe experience of planning and lo suggest methods of resolving planning problems. The two Isasic areas of its research arc management of the economy in tiie near term ,md long-range economic planning.
The Institute pioneered in the field of input-output analysis (interbranch balance analysis according to Russian terminology) in Ihe USSR, and it continues to give high priority lo this field of activity. Recent research in the fields of interbranch halanco analysis and mathematical programming has dealt with determining optimal relations among plant locations, transportation facilities, and the supply distribution network. Other recent research has concerned theof capital investment and the use of labor resources. Research also ison perfecting the methodology of planning and coordinating the plans of socialist countries. The institute emphasizes input-output analysis andmethods.
A few of the economists active in the institute are:
A.N.
Bragiiukiy, BJ.
. lofte, Ya-A. .
fiats, VJ
of the imritutc; Cotiesponding Member of the Academy of Sciences. USSR; Doctor of Economic Scie-ficet; Professor; member of editorial boardsropoy* khoxyo>ftlvQ and Ekonomikamatematiehes-*iy* meiocliy, specialist in planning theory,economics, economic forecasting, and input-output analysis.
Doctor of Economic Sciences. Professor; spectahii in labor productivity in agriculture and induitry.
Speculist in pricing and the allocation of labor.
Candidate of Economic Sciences, specialist ineconomic systems.
Director of Section for Planning and National Economic Balance Sheet; Chairman of Scientific Methodology CommissionI CospUn; specialist in plarraing
V.N
Demyibav, PA
Konyus. Kotkovskiy, Ya_Ya.
Mayer. VJ.
. ..
director of the Institute: Candidate of Economic Sciences; specialist to bag-term forecasting andof economic development.
Candidate of Economic Sciences;gricultural economics.
Specialist in theory of consumption.
Candidate of Economic Sciences; specsalHt in cornparisons of economic activity among socialist countries.
Candidate of Economic Sciences; specialist In national income account comparisons among countries and in the economy of the USA.
Candidate of Economic Sciences; specialist lolabor, and planning.
Candidate of Economic Sciences; specialist in planning the allocation of labor.
Candidate of Economic Sciences: Head of Sub-section on tho Standard of Living; specialist In wages and
Specialist in comparative measures of agricultural activity aroonit countries.
Scientific Research Institute on Price Formation (NIUTsen)
The NII-Tsen. located in Moscow, was established in the last halfgency of the State Committee on Prices.* Directed by Doctor of Economic
Tite Price Committee was set up in5 under Cosplan USSR and Is headed by Vladimir K.ormer deputy minister of finance. The Committee, with ihe aid ol Its subordinate republic.level committees, was responsible for carrying outeform of wholesale price* in industry.
Science* Yu. Yakovetz. the iiutitutc will lunduct research on mctl to improve price fiimg
Thefunctions of tlrc new inititute and the research contemplated for members of Its staff are not known The time of itsfollowing the completionajor pricethat one of its duties will be to review the effectiveness of the new prices and to recommend further changes where necessary. In geneial, the NII-Tsen will most likely be concerned with problems of price settingational scale and with coordinating the research programs of other institutes working in the field of price formation
d. Scientific Methods Commission for the Balance of the National Economy (or Scientific Methcsclology Commission)
The Scientific Methods Commission for the Balance of the National Economy was created7 under the Academic Council for Scientific Research of tbe Economics Institute of Cosplan USSR Its purpose is to improve methodological work on the maintenance of "economic balance Orheis responsible for preventing duplication by coordinating the research of scientific institutions on balancing problems lb main activities include the developmeoL and recommendation to Cosplan USSR and the republic 'gospian* of changes in planning methods that arc aimed at facilitating the maintenance of economic proportionality. Active in the commission.. Dorovskiki;. Mayer.
e. Council for tho Study of Productive Resources (SOPS)
The Council for the Study of Productive Resources was organized by the Institute of Economics of tbe Academy of0 and transferred to Cosplants chief concern it questions of the optimal geographical distribution of economic activity, with particular reference to tho underdeveloped areas of Siberia, the Far North, and the Far East
Some of the Councils more outstanding economists are:
Nekrasov,Chairman of the Council; Corresponding Member,ofSSR; Doctor of Economicmember of editorial board otf industrial acUvibes and economicol Strseria with special intctcst in the
Specialist in geographical distribution aud vti lira Hon of labor.
Barnva.once Secretary of the council, specialist in resource
Candidate of Economic Sciences; specialist in regional development
Deputy chairman of the council; Doctor of Economic Sciences. Professor; specialist on tbe petrrArum ir>dustry. Academician; Doctor of Technical Sciences; also affiliated with Cosplan; Chairman of Commission for the Study ot Productive Sources and Natural Resources. Academy of Sciences. USSR; specialist in planning the use of natural
leaarftrake. A. .
.
SM.
.
L.Ye.
of Economic Sciences: aba affiliated with TsEMI; specialist in mathematicalnput output analysis, and labor urillration-
cademician; Doctor of* Economic Sciences. Chairman of the Council on the Economic Regularity of theol Socialism and In Transition to Cmniminnm, tpecinlitt In Minis' economic theory.
Ye.of Economic Sri* mm, epecialist in
technological progress ami in gooxriiphlral diitrlbution ol industry, especially the metallurgical and Inel
VajaTyev.of Econccnic Srierxa, Profeitoi. ipeculnt in the
lumber indastiy.
f, Institute of Co-ipie. Trarwportation Problems of Gosp4an
The Institute of Complex: Tnnsportaticm Problems, under Cosplan USSRngages in research on the problems of the development of the national transportation system. It is ooncerned with research on the cocedinated development of the transportation system, on the coordination of transportation rates, and on optimal use of transportation facilities. Mathematical programming and regional Input-output analysis sometimes are used in its research. Recently the institute concentrated on the development of its contribution to the five-year plan, "Basic Directions of the Development ofctive in the institute. Dmitjiycv, the. Livshits; and YaTV. Shukstal1.
cientific Research Institute for The Organization of Management and Norms
The Scientific Research Institute for the Organization of Management and Norms seas established0 when the Scientific Research Economic Institute was nansferred to Cosplan, The efforts of the Institute are focused on providing research support for problems related to enterprise management. It conducts research on the Organization of enterprise management, the conduct of basic managerial duties, the calculation and planning of delivery schedules, theof costs, and the management of material-technical supply activities.. Oznobln is director of the institute.
entral Statistical Administration (TsSU)
a. The Nature of Research Conducted in the Central Statistical Administration
The main tasks of the Central Sutistical Administration (TsSU) are the collection, processing and dissemination of statistical information. TsSU,has been reluctant in implementing new developments In information systems and cybernetics despite its responsibility for directing the proposed national computer network Much of TsSUork is focused on economicma for questions of allocation, the evaluation of new accounting andprocedures, and the compilation and improvement of various indeies. TsSU also has veto power over the collection and publication of data by other Organizations.
As with Cosplan, each republic has its own statistical administrationfor local and regional matters. Many of the economistshe Central Statistical Administration engage in both research and administrative work. Among their duties Is editing of the monthly economic and statistical fOUftlu, Vessnife iiariitiAt, published by TsSU.
Some ot the more prominent economists and statisticians in TsSU
V.N. Bagriy, PJ.
Beloorov, ft .A.
Belyakov. A. A..L
a..
Kravcripnko, Ye.
Labok, PJ.
Makiimov. CM.a. .
.
.
A. .
...
Tsyrlm, LM,
.olodarskiy. LM.
Yerfaor. AJ.
of TtSU la posrtion of ministerialor--ripur-liBj Member. Academy ofSSR.srsscsalast an statistics. Formerlythae of the LottedpacraJui In comparisons ofactivityeovmuita
andidate nf Economic Sciences. Head of Sector on Economic Management; specinltit inead of Sector on Statistic* of Capital Conslxiictlnu.Special lit In itiilistics on aeylctilini.il labor.andidate of Economic Sciences; Deputy (lead of Sector on th* .National Economic Balance Sheet; specialist in input-output analysis.conomic statistics, edits all statutical band-books
eputy Direetor of the AdtsurmfrtJiOB of Apsrultnsal Ststntlcs. specialist in asjrcunural ecoasosnact; lams airyhe ferrous metal industry. Head of Sector on Ajnculrural
Deputy Head of Sector of Labor and Weee Sutistics. Deputy Head of Sector on the Populationead of Sector on Family Budget Surveys; specialist
In Iil N
Deputy Head of TsSU; specialist inead of the Sector on Trade Stamtlci; specialist inandeputy Director of TsSU; Head of tha Census Admin-ntrstson. tpeciabsi in statistics andead of Seen on Lsdustrtal StatnOci speciabst m
industrial productioneputy Dmsctor of TtSU; Head of Seen forOpe rations; specialist in use of computers m
Head of Sector on the National Economic HiUm- SlmO;
Chief Editor of Vast naft jbtftifsti Candidate of Economic Sciences; Head of Sector on Price
Statistic* and Price Formaboo; specialist in pricing. Academician. Doctor of Economic Sciences, also affiliated
with Imntuta of Economics. Academy of Sciences.
USSR; formerly Deputy Director of TsSU. number of
CoCejKJn of TtSU, specialist in cceisurisptson. Martsst
economic dwry. and Sonet ecmnmac history Head of Sector on Surates of Capitalist Countries, spe-
etelnt In ccenprusrave indexes of industrial paodisctioa Head of Sector of Labor and Wage Statistics Deputy Director of TsSU; Doctor of Economic Sciences;
member ol editorial board of Pfanouoya Itaiyayrrvc,
special ut in induttrial statutes Deputy Director of TsSU; specialist In iaduttrta) lUUsttca
and demography.
Scientific Roseorch Institute for Planning Compurtr Centers and Systems of Economic Information TsSU (Nil TsSU)
Tbe primary focus of the Scientific Research Institute for Planning Computer Centers and Systems of Economic Information of TsSU, organizeds on the develcaprrientationwide system for collecting, storing, andnformation using electronic computer techniques. Some of its main projects deal with accounting statistics, economic information systems within entctpiisev, indicators of economic activity, and indexes of living standards and population movements in rata USSR. Professor A. Ya. Boyaiskiy, the director,
a doctor of economic sciencespecialist In demography and mathematical staiislscs. Ya.N. Khanelis. who is also associated wilh the Moscow Institute of National Economy, is Head of the Sector on Indexes of Demand and Supply.
tole Committee for Construction Affairs (Gossfroy): Scientific Research Institute of Construction Economics (NI1ES)
The Scientific Research Institute of Construction Economics was created6 under the Academy of Corjsrruction and Architecture USSR. It was transferred to the jurisdiction of the State Committee lor Construction Affairs (Cossooy) USSH when the administration of construction was reorganizedt it the principal research organization dealing with applied and theoretical problems in the economics of construction, but much of its most important work is performed in collahoralion with other institutes andThe Scientific Research Institute of Construction Economics issuesoriented manuals and instructions on construction norms and estimates, the employment of building materials, and methodologies for calculating the relative effidency of investment in tbe construction and building materials industries. The institute participates in input-output work as it affects thesector of the Soviet economy and also participates in CEMA meetings that deal with construction in an intra bloc context.
Candidate of Technical. Corbushin is the Director of the Scientific Research Institute of Construction Ecorsornics. The institute isconventionally into departments, sectors, and laboratories. It alsoentral norm researchcientific council that sponsors conferences on problems in construction economies, and kaftdn of higher learning that offer postgraduate work leading to the degree of candidate.
Of the economists who hold positions in tho institute the following arc most prominent;
Gorboshln,ol tbe institute; ipecialLst in the economic* of
Cbuaoosskfy.ol* Eeoisocnic Sciences, Head of the Department
of the Mitrna:-Technical Base of . spe-
enlist in busldmj; rnareoali
Oysmkly.of Eccaksanlc Seaaaees; band of a sector.
Specialist in the pUnnm' of cocutructioe.
of Enassntnac Scseaces. specsalat so theofsateriali and dergru
Rotmteyn,of Economic Sciences. Quef of the Depart.
merit of PUnnin*
Vavrishterii.director of the InrUtute, Candidate of Economic
Sciences; member of tbe Scientific Council on Economic Eocctivcncss. Academy of Sciences. USSR; specialist in tcchnolofKil piopess in contmictioo.
inistry of Trodei AlUUnion Scientific Rosoarch Institute for the Study of Consumer Demand ond Marketing Conditions (VNIIKS)
The All-Union Scientific Research institute lor the Study of Consumerand Marketing Conditions was organized5 under the Ministry of. rOuekin is the institute's director, and its deputy director is Bi.be institute, which also has branches in the republics, expects to have its own computer center to psrocess data from consumer surveys and other sources. Economists, commodity specialists, and programmed will implement the insti tute's mathematical and statistical approach to market study.
The institutes research includes the study of demand for specific producti. the evaluation of general conditions in the consumer goods market, and the forecasting of consumer demand; the institute also participates in planning regional commodity distribution.
tate Committee on labor and Wages; Scientific Research Institute of labor (Nil Truda)
The Scientific Research Institute of Labor and its parent organization, the State Coram ft ee on Labor and Wages, were created5 to increase the attention given to labor and wag* problems. The research of the institute is focused on fields related to the allocation of labor services, including labor norms and wage rates, economic incentives, wage adrmnistration. and industrial organization. The institute places considerable emphasis on the application of mathematical methodsconomic research and employs numerous specialists in input-output analysis and linear programming. The institutes reports frequently appear in the monthly Journal Sotsiatulicheikiy Inid, published by the Slate Committee on Labor and Wages.
Director of the insntute; Doctor of Economic Sciences:
ead of Ka/Wrs of Political Economy of Moscow University, member of editorial board ofrud. specialist In labor eccntonsice. pat titularaft matters. SpecialiM In rwaauremetit of read wages tad eocmimptlon. Spectihit in -ages in nct-Commuaot econcerbr*octor of TecWalormer head of the load-fjle.abor ecooornio.
Cacdadew of Ecceaoraucead of Decetrtraaal of
Labor and Wages. rpectslist in wages. Head of Laboratory tor Matfaeoatscal and Sutottcal Methods id the mmtute. apecttllst in mceene analysu.agend audieroatieaJ ecoonmlct. Candidate of Eronosoe Sceoces, specialist in labor norms and wages.
ead of Section on Wages, headection of State Commiftrr on Labor and Wages; specialiit in waga admi narration.
ead of Section on Labor Prcducuvity and Utilization of Labor Resources.
A few of the outstanding economists associated with the work of the institute are as follows:
Kapustin. Ye. I
Oases. DC-
Prtnthn, DX
it.
Stapiro. IX
NX
inistry of Foreign Trader Scientific Institute of Market Research (NIKI)
The Scientific Institute of Market Research of the Ministry of Foreign Trade USSR was establishedts chief activities are studying economicin the non-Communist world and situations in principal world markets, developing long-term forecasts of conditions in the international markets for principal types of Soviet esports. and studying Soviet trading methods. The institute provides resesuxh for the Ministry of Foreign Trade as an aid to the implementation of foreign trade policy.
Toe institute, which employs moreeople, has sis sections:of Foreign States, Commodity Markets. Prices, Foreign Commercial Information. Statistics, and Study of Foreign Firms. The institute regularly publishes Byullettii irmsfKinrsoy kvmmercltetkoy infortnatsiieries of
papers devoted to more complete studies of particular questions. The Ministry of Foreign Trade's journal. Vneshmjaya torgovhja, also provides an outlet for the instihite's. Orlov is director of the instilule.
The Ministry of Foreign Trade also has an Academy of Foreign Trade in Moscow iltat is almost exclusively devoted to educational activities and. inan Institute of Foreign Tradeningrad thatimited amount of research work. Practically all of the research under the Ministry of Foreign Trade is narrowly specialized commercial research; theoretical research ineconomics is done primarily in other research organizations.
of Financoj Scientific Research Institute of Finance (NIFI)
The Scientific Research Institute of Finance of the Ministry of Finance USSR was established6 to provide research support for the parentSince then the institute luis acquired duties which include basic research in finance and the collection and analysis of statistical material on state budgets, taxes, credit, money Sows, and wages in Communist and major non-Communist countries. In addition to its majorgeneralizations of experience in administering the financialinstitute publishes periodic surveys of financial and currency conditions in foreign countries. Many of its reports are published in Finansy SSSR, the journal of the Ministry of Finance. The work of the institute is divided among the following four sections: Budgetary Finance; Finance of Branches of the Economy of the USSR; Credit and Monetary Circulation in Ihe USSR; and Finance. Money, and Credit in Foreign Countries.
More currently the institute has conducted research on the role of finances in economic operations under the newly reformed system of organization and management. In addition, it has continued its work on capital investment in agriculture and khozraschet in agriculture,
A few of the economists associated with the work of the Scientific Research Institute of Finance are as follows:
Kcsyecbeoxo, CP.of the intntute; Professor; specialist in Incentives
and profit indvses. and Soviet financial history.
tn public finance, accounting, and consumption.
Lush in.of Economic Sciences; Head of Sector for
Application of Mathematical Methods in Financial Planning.
Ryumin,director of the Institute; member of editorial board
of Fiticruy SSSR; specialist in industrial Candidate of Economic Sciences; Head of Sector on
Agricultural Finances; specialist in finance, credit, and
cost accounting. Deputy director of the institute; Doctor of Economic
Sciences; specialist in finance.. Candidate uf Economic Sciences and SfarsAiif lotruo'nil;
specialist in the economics of education.
of Agriculture
The USSR Ministry of Agriculture, headed. Matskevich, hascontrol over the primary organs specializing in agricultural economics research. Most of the important research work within the structure of the Ministry is believed to be carried Out by two organizations: the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Economics (VNIIESKh) and the Department of Economics and Organization of Agriculture of the All-Union
of Agricultural Sciences narriedSIChNXLhe former organization was establishedhe latter6
In recent years, the work programs of both VNIIESKb and VASKhNIL. increasingly appear to be focused on common research tasks, which, takenwith other evidence, suggest dose coordination of lunctiooi and possibly amalgamation of some facilities andoi eaample. libraries and admin'-iterativehe research effort of both groups is currently directed to tbe foemuUtionyear) for the overall development ofIn addition, the studies of both organization! tend to focus on smulai ropics: land use. labor productivity and incentives, regional distribution of crops and livestock, agricultural prices and finance, and standardized cost accreting for collective and state farms.
A few of the economists active in the work of the two research eroups arc as follows:
o. All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Economics (VNIIESKh)
. .irector of the institute; Correspondlni| Member of
VASKhML: member oleditorial hoard ol
no-nita rer'jaogool Economic Sciences, (lead of Prke Division;
ipecialiit in agriculturalC.C Doctor of Economic Sciences; ipeciabst In agricultural
labor.
Kravrftenko, Deputy drrector of the institute. Candidate of
Sconces, ipecialiit in the tfaaatttJim of computers to
airicultBra!TaJ. of AriWturai oaa-
paraihe perfortrianca an
and sr. iarnamg
Mifrurauua. Caadidate of EcoooaUc Sciences. Head ol
Fsnances aad Record Keepmg sr. Ajrsruiriralnaat; spetiabit in agj^jhural accauMtag
eaaaaanai CX dsearto. ofule. Candida, of AsmesUtural
Sciences, speoalot in agricultural accounting
Varies, MC. of AgrtCuHural Sciences; specialist insupply, and organiaaooo in ssmcultuie
b. Department of Economics and Organization of Agriculture of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Scionco* named for V. I. Lenin (VASKhNIL)
L.M
Lose. CM
Moiseysrr. MX
Member of VASKhNIL; Professor,of Agriculture, of VASKhNIL; Doctor of Head of the Department of OrganizationAgricultural Enterprises at the Moaons*Academy named Timieyarev,in aerirultural organiaanon and agriculturalSecretary of the Department, member of board of Ekoaomiis wfaaogo afficolturil manateoaentember of VASKhML. Decsor atSc-ncM Dtrectm of
cseliStroad rarsge of * economic istaitera.
a not to be coafaaedtha Aerwasksaral Atademv named. Tirmrsaree fsotti are academies, bods offer advaaxvd Wanuag aad research, but only VASKhML saamberi are rnrided to tbe rank of acadeirmUa.
Rocnanenko.Member of VASrOiNIL; Docloi of Eco-
nomic
Secgeyov,Cornmpondina Member of VASrOiNIL; special irt in cait
tni piodu< livil* in arnculliiw
T&hotam.Member of VASKhML. Doctor of Api-
tances.f the Slbenta AStlale of the-uit al Armcuftcnl Eco nom*i speeulrtt in rnecruniiatioa.
TAbooov.Member of VASKhML. Doctor of Eco-
nomicwector of Al-Unjoo SaeacSc1-statute of Agrkurlural Labor Ogaotcetm and Ware*echceJogacalin agriculture.
TulupniVov, Corieaponding Member of VASKhNIL; Candidate of
Econocmc Sctencei, Director of the AH Unkm Instituterntiftc-Technicat Inforrnatlon on Agriculture; former Director of VNHESKh.
L'dachb. SA. Academician of VASKhNIL, Head of Deporunent of the
Moicow Imtilute of Land Surveyember of cditoital board of Kkonomika aefsfcogo khtn^ayHoo; specialist in the proMemi of land utilization.
Vanag,ottwr-mdlng Member of VASKhNIL, Professor.
C Universities and Educational Institutes
Higher education for economists is provided bypecialized engineering-economic, econornic, financial, and trade institutes. One hundred and eighty economics faculties exist in universities and technical and agricultural institutes. In addition to maintaining fairly heavy teaching loads, members of the economic faculties of these institutions engage in some research. Those institutions that perform research of relaUvery high quality and employ the more outstanding personnel axe discussed below.
oscow Stare University (MGU)
Moscow State University, named. Locnoaosov. the largest and most pronunent instifutiOn of higher education in the USSR, has an Economics Faculty that Is divided into eight chain, or kafedra; Political Economy, History of the National Economy and Economic Thought. Economics of Foreign Countries, Economics of Planning in Industry, Economics of Planning in Aortculture.and Accounting Analysis of Economic Activity of Socialist Enterprises, and Mathematical Methods in Economic Analysis (Economic Cybernetics).
The members of each of these department* conduct research primarilyheoretical character on problems within their fields of specialization. The universityonthly journal. Veil nil moikovtkogo unnersiteta,pecial economics series, Seriya ikonomika, appearing bi-monthly.
Some of the members of the Economics Faculty are as follows.
Sorcolov.Dean of Faculty noewca. Doctor of Ecoraoeaac
SotftCtl; Prrrfpunf.vd olLult^TAl
EcnraorraKa. Formerly Chief Editor of VwkLogeipetulut inceenoeaics. partac-alarry the prcing of apiculhnal proebco.
Bern, Doctor of Ecrarrotnac Vi'iun. Professor. Head of Kefdf
of EcononUc Planning, member of editorial board of Veateak inoaaounLogo nmcerillece.unt ckonompba. ipeoiiuf in ma'hemitici. economic planning, and the US
n.
Dudayan, VS..
Professor of economic itnteties; Head of Kaftdra ofin the Economics Faculty; also associated with Nil TsSU; specialist tn mathematical econormcs end demography.
Doctor ol Economic Sciencei; Deputy Head of Kafedm of Mathematical Methods in Economic Analysisin optimal planning, prion, and economic growth.
,
.
.
.
.. .
Academician; Director of TsEMI, Academy of Sciences, USSR; Head of Kojcdra of Mathematical Methods in Economic Analysis.
Head of section in the Economic! Faculty; also aiEluted with Cosplan.
Academician; Professor of Mathematics; specialist in mathematics and information theory.
Also affiliated with Institute of World Economics and International Relations.
Candidate of Economic Sciences; Docrenf, Koftdia ol Political Economy; specialist in ecotiociue competition between the United States and the USSR.
Doctor of Economic Sciences; Head of Ka/'dro ofand Planning of Industry; specialist in the machine building industry.
Doctor of Economic Sciences; Professor, Ka/rrfra of Political Economy; specialist in enterprise operations and collective farm organization.
Editor of Vcrfniaj moikovskogo uriiceriifef*. Sertya
Doctor of Economic Sciences; Professor; member ofboard of Vestm* rnoakounVogo uniwrsiMat,nomito; specialiit in Marxist economic theory and ihozratchtt.
.
Doctor of Ecoootriic Sciencei; Professor; Head ol Keftdra of Bookkeeping and Analysis of Economic Activity of Enterprises; member of editorial board of Vert rut rnoakeurtogo uninsfsifeta, Sertyo ekonomlka; specialist in industrial accounting-Doctor of Economic Sciences;edm ofEconomy of Economics Faculty; member of editorial board of Veatnik mottovskogo unlternWrs. Seriyd eaoricntiitrj; specialist In Manlst ecorwoiic theory and die history of economic thought. Candidate of Economic Sciences; Kefedia of PoHtical Economy; member of editorial board of Vetfnifc nwftowkogo unnwraileto. Series ekonomrte; specialist Id price formation, demography, and labor. DoUtmt. Keitdta of PollQCal Economy; specialist In
agricultural economics. Doctor of Economic Sciences; Professor, Kafedra of Economics and Planning of Agriculture; specialiit In agricultural organizetioo.
enirsgrod Stote University (IGU) named for A. A. Zhdanov
The universityemi-monthly journaluarterly economic series, Vesfni* leningradskogo tmioefsrnrto, Seriya ektmonuka,traoo.
Some of the members of the economics faculty are:
. .
.
TikhoinetOv,.
specialist in induitxlal labor economics. Member of the university's Laboratory for Economic
Mathematical liivestigatious. Doctor of Economic Sciences; specialist In agricultural
Head of Kajcdia of Economics.
Head of Ka/edra of the Economics of Contemporary Capitalism.
oscow Instltuto of National Economy (MINKh)
The Institute, named. Plekhanov. was foundecl6 and Is the largest Soviet institution of higher education for training economists The insntutes five faculties are economics of trade, economics of commodities,of technology, accounting, and economics and planning of state supply.
A few of the institute's outstanding economists are:
A.M. .
e.
Khaoelis, Ta-N. ..
u- ..
Malyy. LC
.
..
Turctskfy, Sb.Ya
of the Institute; Doctor of Economic Sciences; H'.ni iif Kufedra of Finance and Ctedit, specialiit in finance and management.
Doctorpecialist Us earaortnatscin, cost eakulaUOn. and pricing.
Candidate of Ecoooouc Soeoces Pi oft war;lanning, fwn balances, and technological progress
lto arXliated
with ihe All-Union Scientific tteseeich Institute lor the Study of Consumer Demand and Marketingapeclallrt in retail trade.
Doctornmnic Silences, Professor, Meud of Kafedra of thef Industry; specialiit on producuve eHiciericy in industry.
Doctor of Economic Soencea; Head of JCefecfnT of the Economics aad Orfrinnataae of Indiufiulrganizing and pbenlcgpro-docOosL
Candidale of Economy Sciteices. alio affil-ted wrth MI TsSU;orenimption tUtUtka
Doctor ol Economic Sciences; Profetsot; ipecialutuitrial otganifauOn and material-technical supply.
Doctor ol Economic Sciences; Professor; specialist in index number theory and jtatistKs.
Doctor cf Economic Sciences: Head of the Central Re-aearch Laboratory for the Economics of Organiution and Production of the msnrute; specialiit in induitnal organization assd labor.
Specialist on cceascrnpooa; abo aascciatrd with CospUs.
Doctor of Ectraraanac Scaetaces. rpedazut in long .termof iavrMrnenr
Doctot of ErotTomkr Sciencei; Prafeimr. Head of Keftdra of Special Economic Problems; ipecialiat in eosti of production, pricing, economic balances, and oon-
oscow Financial Institute
The Moscow Financial Institute, foundedrains specialists inand finance for work in industrial enterprises and in governmental financial organs. The institute consists of 6ve faculties: finance, credit,International finance, and computers and mechanical data processing.
Among the economists on the faculty of the institute arc the foisowing;
Alaafaverdymn.of Eowanc Scaeneet; Profeuw. Deenaty Chairman
of Council for Coat Accounting and Materiallso affiliated with the Institute of Eceeaorailca. Acad, emy ol Sciencei, USSR; specialist in public finance and financial pi'lining
Atlai.Professor; specialist in public finance, banking, and Mart-
1st economic theory.
A tin. Doctor nf Economic Sciences; Profeisor. in
money flows and finance.
2-1
Mar'yakhln,of Economiclorsmy loirw/rUl; ipe
Cialilt in finance andof Economiciolessor, Head of Kafedta
of SulistKs, specialist in mathematical mixlel building.
statislica) theory, and consumptionof Economic Science*. ftoteteor. specialist in
finance
eningrad Finance-Economics Inshtute named for N. A. Vorrieieniaiiy
The Leningrad Finance- Economics Institute, foundedffers courses in finance and credit. Industrial organization and management, statistics, and accounting. Its mam task is to train finance and accounting personnel forenterprises and government organizations.
A few of the economists on the faculty of the institute are:
Aleksandrov,of Finance.
Doctor of Economic Sciences; specialist in price formation
and in dm trial finance andYa.A. Director of tbe Institute.
RoBfateyn. Doctor of Economic Sciences; Proleiaor; Head of Kafrdra
Of SUttSUCt; specialist in ioduitrlal statistics.
Economic Stotistics Institute (MESI)
The Moscow Economic Statistics Institute, createdrains specialists in statistics and mechanized data processing for work in various stateResearch at the institute concentrates on the application of statistical techniques to rather narrowly defined economic problems in such areas as quality control, the analysis of wage scales, and the study of housing needs. Theorlers courses in industrial and transportation statistics, agricultural and trade statistics, demographic studies, and automatic data processing.
Among the economists doing research at the institute are:
Baldanov, Professor; Head of Kaftdra of Industrial Statistics-.
specialist in industrial statistics Koroiev.. Director of the Insrnute; Doctor of Economic SeHersees;
specialist in data processing and computer languages.
Engineering-Eccnonics Institute named for S. Ordzhonikidztj
The most recent research efforts of the Moscow Engineering-Economicscreatedave been concentrated on improving control ofproduction and introducing computer technology into management. The instituteaboratory for the Economics and Organization of Production. Courses offered at the institute cover the organization and management of the machine building, chemical, power, automotive transport, and air transportThe Institute's director,. Kozlova,octor of economic sciencespecialist in economic management.
Engineering-Economics Institute named for
The Leningrad Fngiiiccring-Economics Institute, foundedlthough Driiranly an engineering icbool, of en some training in econotnics. especially in terms of the organization and management of various branches of tbe economy. The institute offers courses dealing with the machine building, automotivechemical and power industries.
Organizations
Same important work of an txooormc nature is perfccrned in cyberrierica rjiatitutn and computer cent en rather than in orgarnuucmi that are strict fy economic in character. Such work includes analysis, formulation, and statement of economic problems as well as actual calculation of their solution Most of this work can he characterized as the use ol mathematical programming and other mathematical methods as tools in economic planning. The piobtcms that are attacked sometimes involve the manipulation of abstract national economic models but mora often are concrete, narrowly defined problems concerning the managementiven plant or group of plants, the utilizationiven pool of transportation eqmprnent, or the exploitation of energy sourcesiven region.
Tbe cybernetics organizations that arc most prominent in economic work arc as follows: Computer Center of the Academy of Sciences, USSR, directed by. Dorodnirsyn; Computer Center of the Academy of Sciences, USSR, Siberian Department, directed by Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences,archuk; Computer Center of Cosplan, directed. Kovalev; Institute of Electronic Controlling Machines, directed. Naumovi Institute of Cybernetics of tbe Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Kiev, directed by Academician of the Ukrainian Academy of. Clusbkov.
Economists
In this section are listed other important research economists who have not been clearly identifiedarticular research organization or whose Organization is not described in Section IV.
. Director of the lostitiste of Atomic Energy;
Doctor of Phyiksd-Matlieanatlcal Sciences, specialist intheof endear power engineering an the USSR.
Candidate of rUcascentc Sciences; Coxrasat of IstaaasatXC,
USSR. sprcSautt in agrarulruialnstitute of Economic* Academy of Sciences of Kaaakh
SSP; specialist In the .ofdepaitment of the Centra) Scientific Reseaicb
Institute ol Technical.Economic Research and Scientific
Information; specialist inT I. assocLsted with VNIIESKh; Candidate of Eon-
nomic Sciencas;gricultural orgamtition
and in use appuesDoo of aialheoutxsl rasetiaoda la
Be&sn.of Economic Scieoces. meer.be of State Com-
tnittee for Vocetamal-Tcchcxal Education; rpraaakW in the Uasnang and utilization of industrial workers.
Berg.specialist in cybernetics.
Bar, MXDoctor of Economic Scieneei; Professor; former Director
of Scientific Research Institute for Administration and Norms, ipecialiil in planning, rosnsgeionnt. and coo. sumption
jthernatical economic*
Kaplan,of Laboratory on froo-enu of the Fcorsorracs of
Pubic Educatsoa al Moscow Pedagogical lastitute;
Specialist la labor economics.
> -. of Economic Seseaces: specialist la ' --
Setrntiric Research Inststiite of Ttada. spe-
ciaiiti in connimpaoB.
KucUyavber. AS.
.coirfyev. LA. .
eC
..
of Economic Sciences; Professor; An.Unlon Corre-spondenee Trade Union Vui; specialist in labor eeo-
Inttitute of Slate and Law. Academy ofSSR: specialist in the let;al rights of enterprise*
Corresponding Member, Academy of Sciences. SSSR: Specialist in economic organization and
Doctoi of Economic Sciences: Professor; Chairman of the Department of Political Economy of Kharkov En-giiveenng-Econoniic Institute; specialiit in economicmanagement methods, and incentives.
Possibly enocsated with the Central Statisticalspecialist in animal husbandry statistics.
Headafedw of Kazan Financial-Economic Instltutei specialist In the planning of financial balances for the
A.
Vaag. LA..
Vcwlkov. FS.
VoOov. A.
.
A.
nl Economic Sciences; Professor; Hair! of the Leningrad alhiiile of the Institute of World Trade Union Movements; member of editorial hoard of WEIR, ipreulat in labor ecoessssssscs and labor Katory Thought to be Hill employed by Coapeaa. speciabst in
price formation aad aadastnal adrennutraraoa. Dtrortor of tbe Central Scientific Research aad Taefano-IoeksI Planning Institutr for tbe Organisation and Technology of Control; Doctor of Economic Sciences, specialist in iciantlric administrationthnological progress-Special lit In material incentives.
Chairman of State Committee on Labor and Wages.
Acaiiemicun of Academy of Sciences, Ukrainian SSR;Member. Academe of Sciences.Doc. tor of Eccaaosnac Sciences. Professor. losUtute ofAcademy of Seances of Uatausian SSR,In La lav economics.
Candidaie of Economic Sciences; member ofiivil-Ttcbaieal Supply; ipeclalut In economic planning and use of computer iwhniuues
T.T.
TcisMtyev, Ml. ..
Member, Academy of Sciences. USSR; Doctor of Historical Sciences; Director of the Institute of World Trade Union Movements; member of theboard of WEIR; specialist in labor economies and labor history.
Chief of the Economics Division of tbe Department of Economic Development and Planning. Ministry of Agriculture; speclaliit in agricultural finances.
BLANK PAGE
Transliterated and Translated Titles of Institutes and Organizations
This appendixransliteration of the Russian language designations {and their abbreviations) for the several institutes referred to in translated form in the text.
Institutes:
Atademy of Scieivces of the USSR Ukadmiya naukSSSR).
Department of Economic Sciences {OtdeUmijt ckonomicheikixh rumk).
Institute of Economics (fnnilul ekotomAi akademu navkAN SSSR).
Institute of Economici of World Socialist Systems {IralUut ekonomHi mrovoy itftlai-iaichnkoy rirtemyan*AN SSSR).
ImUtute of World Economics and International Relations (Iruiitutethdawodnykh Mnoahemy, akodemiya naukMEMO, AN SSSR).
Inintute ol the United State* of America (Jnatirtif po Soyedinermym ShtaJamISShA).
Mathematical Economics Institute (ragnlnrfnyuotemijtxheikiu
Department of tbe Academy of Sciences (Siorratoye otdrlrnlue akadtrtai
nintute of Economics and Organization of Industrial Production UMttutrgonfaatart promxphUnnop* proizvodiKa Sibirafcego ordt-'gniya akademliPP SO AN SSSR).
Coorputer Center of the Academy of Sdenees USSR, Siberian Department (Vt/eAuuraJriuy ncwr okadema ncu* SSSfl, Sibtriioye otdtle^ife),
Cosplan USSRbnovow komittt SSSfl).
Central Scientific Economic Reseaich Institute of Cosplan RSFSR (TrentnrTisyy neischno-rsriexWefsfatr ckonxnicheskiy Institut pri Cosptw
ctentJSc Research Economic Institute of Cosplan (Sauchno-UtUdocileTik^Aentiy inartful Cosrsfana SSSfl-NIEI Cosplan).
Sclentlfie Research Institute on Piles Formauou of the State Committee on Prices of Cosplan USSR (Notich-ic-uriedooaMfatiy (nrrifuf pooaudorrrr*niwgo torisitefti Wen pri Gotptme
Scientific Methods Coouniision for the Balance of the Nabonal Economy (Koimsrtye nsucAno-srilVdoiufr^saiih mttedov po bobmv ncodnogo khozyoustva pri venenom aocele
SI El).
Coursed for the Study of Productive Resources of Cosplan USSR (Socet po rWiersiyu rsrttorxflfrinylri sal pri CcupW
Inititutc of Electronic Controllingrtimt elexf'onisjxh upnroiy^urrichltfi rnashin-IEUM).
IS. Institute of Complex Transportation Problems of Cosplan (Iruttfuf aompieasrruJrh frnna.
PorinijM problem pri CotplaneB. Computer Center ofntr pri
Research Institute for the Organiration of Management sod Normsinad'futormotiiwo pri Cospfrmc).
Statisticalienirafnoye itaimcheAo-je Scientific Research Institute for Planning Computer Centers and Systems of Economic
Information TsSU (Nfliiofiiio-iiifrdmiofef.Uilu .ruritul po prr>ye*(irooonii/ii li.^liUurefniMu<rii TsSUTsSU SSSR).
Scientific Research Institute of Construction Economic* INouchno-Ustodovalerriit/ nutrfuf ekoTvimiki
All-Union Scientific Research Institute (or the Study of Consumer Demand and Marketing Conditions (Vseroyutnyo naudino-iutedoirterskty inrliiiU po coehenlyy iprcM noifleruya no lotory nciodnogo
Scientific Reicorch Insutute of Labor (Nauchno-UsUdovouTtkiy inariiutTruda).
cientific Research Conjuncture Instituteraiy toV'yunkturnyu
Scientific Research Institute of Finance {Nai^hw-luUdoMUTJi^ rsnamooyy iruri(u( Mirosferareo firuruov
AD-Unlon Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Economics (vwwytunyy nouchno-iasfedcnWer'srViy (tutiRK ekoneniiW scriiogo Mori^ysft^VNIIESKh).
Department of Economics and Organization of Agriculture of the All-Union Academy of Agncultural Sciences named. Lenin (Vieanyutnoua aktdemuja uTtkokhoiyey. Kwrmyih nauk.
Moscow Stale University (rVfos-oojkiy ordenordeno fudwogo knwnogo women. gomaWateennyy uniwrsttrt (m..
Leningrad State University {Lenmpedskly ordena Lenina gowtorUvmniy unicerniet.
Moscow Institute of National Economy (Aforkonsrtiy orient tnidovogo (rasnogo mameiti inatilur narodnngo AAorydyrrca. PlcA^nooo-MINKh).
Moscow Financial Institute (Afostowtiy flnanweyy
Leningrad Finance-Economics Institute (LerungradskiyLFEI).
Moscow Economics Statistics Institute (SIi/ikmtkly ckoncmikottatuSichctktyESI).
oscow Engineering Economics Institute (Moskotiiiy <nthenemo-*bonomichetkiy Dufitut
eningrad Engineering Economics Institute (Lenmgrod*tiy ininenerno-eAonomicAeiJiy
inatUut).
Transliterated and Translated Titles of Journals
The following list of transliterated and translated journals is not intended to be an exhaustive compendium of economic journals. Journals are included only if they are mentioned in the text as the publicationarticular institute or If Iheir editors are described.
ByuiUfen inorfronoy konnercheskou Informeuu (Bulletin of Foreign Commercial
aternalicneiiiye mefody (Economics and Mathematical Methods).
Ekononuxa atCikogo khov/ayUva (Economics of Agriculture-).
Fina-iau SSSfl (Finance* of the USSR).
f.utf/nys rifrirrioco ofdciYmya akademil wuk SSSR. Mriyo cAsheAeirvennt/th neat (News of the Siberian Department of the Academy of Sesences, USSR. Social Sciencei Series).
eshdunorodiu/ye of rvsheniya (World Economics and International
PJflnoioye thoiyaysfco (Planned Ecorsoray).
SoWoiuhcheritV imd (Socialist Labor).
otademH nan* SSSfl (Hciald of the Academy of Sciences, USSR).
estnit itv>slow*ogoicriye skenomiko (Herald of Moieow University, Eco-ooriucs Series).
U. Veitiu* lem-ngroelrftogo imroerWMto, renWa elonomtfo (Herald of Leramgrad University,
EconomicsesrnnV Hafistikt (Herald of1 Vntihnyjyi rergoofyo (Foreign4 VoproayProblems of Economics).
BLANK PAGE
Addresses of Research Institutes and Organizations
Akademlya nauk SSSR
OldVleniyo ckonomichcsktkfa nauk. AN SSSR .
Inso'tut ekonomikl AN SSSR
InMirut ekonomikl mirovoy sotsialisticbeikoy
surtemy. AN SSSR
Institut mirv-oycabdunarodnykh
oersosbeniy. AN SSSR lestirut po Soyedinrnriym Sbtatam Amer'li .
Sibirskoye etAthrty AN SSSR
efarur.tHi promyshlrn-psosrvodstva Sibirskogo otdsleniya AN SSSR
VychisliteTnyy Ixotr AN SSSR, sibirtlcoye ol-detCnlye
CmudarttvoDnyy pluiovyy komlKI SSSR
Tsentralnyy ratscJmo-Ualadovatcl'sby elouoini-
cheskly institut pri Cosplane RSFSR Naochnofsiltdovatrl'skiy akoucimicfaokiv in-
strort Cosolan. SSSR NaijcJuao-auVduvawrduy Iwtjcur po
Leuinskiyoscow
Vtorayn Varoalavtluya
Moscowoscow
Tarotlavikayaoscow Vloeaya orpus g. Moscow
.V Koc^-isna
USSR Novosibirsk N
Akadi-mkbosklyovosibirsk. USSR
Pruspektoscow Smotaoshiy, Moscow
Owfosfsevikiy Pervw. Don 3a. Moscow
PO baJanau nasodnOfo ycbenorn so-eie NIEI Sovet po iiochenlyu prorzvoditel oykhpri
Cosplane SSSR Institutelefclronnyldi iipravIyayushchiUi mflshio Institut kornpiakaiiykh traruportniykh problem
pri Coaplane SSSR Vycli Islitel nyy Uenrr pel Caspian* Nauchnowiedovatel'skiy uiintui plaorrovaiuyt
i nonmOvov pri Compline TaeooaTnove sutistsebcskois ur^vieturesrstswt povyrtsadrtefnykhister* esWomleHesSur, araleenvaU.iSSSR Naucbno-iaslfrfovelel'skiy institut ekonoinlki Itroitel sfva
Vseioyuinyy MifrJino-italedovaTel'tbly tnsOtul po leuchenlyy iptou nnsglcniya na lovary naiodnotjo potreblenlyn
Naucbnu-UakerSdvatel ikiy institut tnida
Moscow
Ulltaa Vavilova,oscow Moaeow
Niihnayaoscow
Prr-pekt. Stir^nlye I. Moscow Ulitraoscow
Ubtsaoscow Ulitsaoscow
Karettiyy Ryad.l Ulilkyanova,oscow
Ulitsaoscow
3a
IMIIIIUIB
Nauchno isilcdovaud'ihiyUi-slitui
Ntmhno nalrdovalrliSiy.i.instiftit
rkomnTiiii w[ ilo(oVbohuihu akadrniim
k iimu VJ.
gtxudanfvrnnvy irnumi* .
LssrrasspldnYry patxhntYrtmiv wKvtntlflhlMova
bhw nawdnogov. to
C V. PVkWi Moakr* tkiy inwipwyy rrntttutiwfirnt Mmioiimv (honmrikna titut
Mcakootklvr-lirotltut
ningrs<tifcl> hg-
stitut
VychisliwTnyy Bentr. AN SSSR
Akademlya ilnkh'iryiiyttwnnykh Moikva. Tiniryaur*
Adobes* Uhtsa Pudovktna.oscow
Uliba Kuibysheva,oscow Orlikov Petcukk, 2a, Moicow
Boi'tboi Khariton'yevskiyoscow
Mothovaya Ub'lsa. Leninskiyo. goiy, Moscow Umvgnitetskaya,
StiemyaQnyyoscow
Ulitsa Klbal shlna,oscow Kara!eningrad Bol'shm Savinskiyoscow Pcdsosenskiyoscow
Ulilsaeningrad, USSR
AkademtcrirakSyoscow Ulitsaoscow
Index of Economists
Abolfin,
6
1 r 1 *
0
A
ill 1 n
i 1 i ^ .
8
29
Arbatov,Arkhipov,
,, 10
s
29
17
29
14
3
19
A
29
,8
29
22,
13
14
20
14
, 10
r rf
Knawlis,29
S
I
20
18
Kllmcnko,Kolesnev,Kolmogorov.Kokisnv,KornarOv,Kondrashev.Konnik,Konyus9oikovskiy,Kotov,Kovalev,Koitova.Krasovsby,Kiavcheriko,Kiavchenko.Kionrod,IIushm,
0iseyknv.skiy,13
ityushkin,Motlia.Moiseyev.
0 Nemchlnov,Nesmiy.Nftittn.Nikcrayev,Norton,
5,1lyshevskiy.Pod/ynehskb,,usakov,
24
SUaarko, SISi-Aii.V. V. V 21
a-rrW..n
Shvyiknv.SlUrjan.Sitnin, VSkovcrotia.okrAiv.Solodkov.
ttkWym,Sooiioakly.Soom.Scnton, CIt-22ata.
TaeHov,
Tareol'ye*.TufhoDifTOv,Tikhoroerov.Tlkhooov.tWionov,Tllpanov,
I I
TMploV. NA.-T,iyrtm.Tulcfattuiiy.
dacfcrn. 5VTr*mo*KUrUeaa. BTa-llaltukh,3 VaymitPTn. BVVcVita.1 Vlllhlihwrv.Volcbao..Volkonakry.Volkw.Vcsacaarahty. _
Ymtp&m.
Yakovatt.9 Yeuwl'ranov.Ymhov.Ywrdui.Zadankaya.
ZlobiD,Zverev.It
Original document.
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