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RFC 3868 - Signalling Connection Control Part User Adaptation Layer (SUA)


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RFC3868 - Signalling Connection Control Part User Adaptation La


Network Working Group                                   J. Loughney, Ed.
Request for Comments: 3868                                         Nokia
Category: Standards Track                                  G. Sidebottom
                                                   Signatus Technologies
                                                                L. Coene
                                                              G. Verwimp
                                                            Siemens n.v.
                                                               J. Keller
                                                                 Tekelec
                                                             B. Bidulock
                                                     OpenSS7 Corporation
                                                            October 2004

    Signalling Connection Control Part User Adaptation Layer (SUA)

Status of this Memo

   This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).

Abstract

   This document defines a protocol for the transport of any Signalling
   Connection Control Part-User signalling over IP using the Stream
   Control Transmission Protocol.  The protocol is designed to be
   modular and symmetric, to allow it to work in diverse architectures,
   such as a Signalling Gateway to IP Signalling Endpoint architecture
   as well as a peer-to-peer IP Signalling Endpoint architecture.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
       1.1.  Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
       1.2.  Abbreviations and Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
       1.3.  Signalling Transport Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . .  6
       1.4.  Services Provided by the SUA Layer . . . . . . . . . . .  9
       1.5.  Internal Functions Provided in the SUA Layer . . . . . . 11
       1.6.  Definition of SUA Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   2.  Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
   3.  Protocol Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
       3.1.  Common Message Header. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
       3.2.  SUA Connectionless Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
       3.3.  Connection Oriented Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
       3.4.  Signalling Network Management (SNM) Messages . . . . . . 42
       3.5.  Application Server Process State Maintenance Messages. . 49
       3.6.  ASP Traffic Maintenance Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
       3.7.  SUA Management Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
       3.8.  Routing Key Management (RKM) Messages. . . . . . . . . . 58
       3.9.  Common Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
       3.10. SUA-Specific parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
   4.  Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
       4.1.  Procedures to Support the SUA-User Layer . . . . . . . . 92
       4.2.  Receipt of Primitives from the Layer Management. . . . . 93
       4.3.  AS and ASP State Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
       4.4.  Routing Key Management Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . .109
       4.5.  Availability and/or Congestion Status of SS7
             Destination Support101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
       4.6.  MTP3 Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
       4.7.  SCCP - SUA Interworking at the SG. . . . . . . . . . . .115
   5.  Examples of SUA Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
       5.1.  SG Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
       5.2   IPSP Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
   6.  Security Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
   7.  IANA Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
       7.1.  SCTP Payload Protocol ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
       7.2.  Port Number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
       7.3.  Protocol Extensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
   8.  Timer Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
   9.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
   10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
       10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
       10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

   Appendix A.  Signalling Network Architecture . . . . . . . . . . .125
       A.1.  Generalized Peer-to-Peer Network Architecture. . . . . .125
       A.2.  Signalling Gateway Network Architecture. . . . . . . . .126
       A.3.  Signalling Gateway Message Distribution
             Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
   Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131

1.  Introduction

   There is ongoing integration of switched circuit networks and IP
   networks.  Network service providers are designing IP-based
   signalling architectures that need support for SS7 and SS7-like
   signalling protocols.  IP provides an effective way to transport user
   data and for operators to expand their networks and build new
   services.  In these networks, there is need for interworking between
   the SS7 and IP domains [2719].

   This document defines a protocol for the transport SS7 SCCP-User
   protocols [ANSI SCCP] [ITU SCCP], such as TCAP and RANAP, over IP
   using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) [2960].

1.1.  Scope

   This document details the delivery of SCCP-user messages (MAP & CAP
   over TCAP [ANSI TCAP] [ITU TCAP], RANAP [RANAP], etc.) messages over
   IP between two signalling endpoints.  Consideration is given for the
   transport from a signalling gateway to an IP signalling node (such as
   an IP-resident Database) as described in the Framework Architecture
   for Signalling Transport [2719].  This protocol can also support
   transport of SCCP-user messages between two endpoints wholly
   contained within an IP network.

   The delivery mechanism addresses the following criteria:

   *  Support for transfer of SCCP-User Part messages
   *  Support for SCCP connectionless service.
   *  Support for SCCP connection oriented service.
   *  Support for the operation of SCCP-User protocol peers.
   *  Support for the management of SCTP transport associations between
      signalling gateways and IP-based signalling nodes.
   *  Support for distributed IP-based signalling nodes.
   *  Support for the asynchronous reporting of status changes to
      management functions.

1.2.  Abbreviations and Terminology

1.2.1.  Abbreviations

   CAP - CAMEL Application Protocol.

   GTT - Global Title Translation.

   MAP - Mobile Application Protocol.

   PC - Signalling System no. 7 Point Code.

   RANAP - Radio Access Network Application Protocol.

   SCTP - Stream Control Transmission Protocol.

   SS7 - Signalling System no. 7.

   TCAP - Transaction Capabilities Application Protocol.

1.2.2.  Terminology

   Signalling Gateway (SG) - Network element that terminates switched
   circuit networks and transports SCCP-User signalling over IP to an IP
   signalling endpoint.  A Signalling Gateway could be modeled as one or
   more Signalling Gateway Processes, which are located at the border of
   the SS7 and IP networks.  Where an SG contains more than one SGP, the
   SG is a logical entity and the contained SGPs are assumed to be
   coordinated into a single management view to the SS7 network and to
   the supported Application Servers.

   Application Server (AS) - A logical entity serving a specific Routing
   Key.  An example of an Application Server is a virtual IP database
   element handling all requests for an SCCP-user.  The AS contains a
   set of one or more unique Application Server Processes, of which one
   or more is normally actively processing traffic.

   Application Server Process (ASP) - An Application Server Process
   serves as an active or backup process of an Application Server (e.g.,
   part of a distributed signalling node or database element). Examples
   of ASPs are MGCs, IP SCPs, or IP-based HLRs.  An ASP contains an SCTP
   endpoint and may be configured to process traffic within more than
   one Application Server.

   IP Server Process (IPSP) - A process instance of an IP-based
   application.  An IPSP is essentially the same as an ASP, except that
   it uses SUA in a peer-to-peer fashion.  Conceptually, an IPSP does
   not use the services of a Signalling Gateway.

   Signalling Gateway Process (SGP) - A process instance of a Signalling
   Gateway.  It serves as an active, load-sharing or broadcast process
   of a Signalling Gateway.

   Signalling Process - A process instance that uses SUA to communicate
   with other signalling process.  An ASP, a SGP and an IPSP are all
   signalling processes.

   Association - An association refers to an SCTP association.  The
   association provides the transport for the delivery of SCCP-User
   protocol data units and SUA layer peer messages.

   Routing Key - The Routing Key describes a set of SS7 parameters
   and/or parameter ranges that uniquely defines the range of signalling
   traffic configured to be handled by a particular Application Server.
   An example would be where a Routing Key consists of a particular SS7
   SCCP SSN plus an identifier to uniquely mark the network that the SSN
   belongs to, for which all traffic would be directed to a particular
   Application Server.  Routing Keys are mutually exclusive in the sense
   that a received SS7 signalling message cannot be directed to more
   than one Routing Key.  Routing Keys can be provisioned, for example,
   by a MIB or registered using SUA's dynamic registration procedures.
   Routing keys MUST NOT span multiple network appearances.

   Routing Context - An Application Server Process may be configured to
   process traffic within more than one Application Server.  In this
   case, the Routing Context parameter is exchanged between the SGP and
   the ASP (or between two ASPs), identifying the relevant Application
   Server.  From the perspective of an SGP/ASP, the Routing Context
   uniquely identifies the range of traffic associated with a particular
   Application Server, which the ASP is configured to receive.  There is
   a 1:1 relationship between a Routing Context value and a Routing Key
   within an AS.  Therefore the Routing Context can be viewed as an
   index into an AS Table containing the AS Routing Keys.

   Address Mapping Function (AMF) - The AMF is an implementation
   dependent function that is responsible for resolving the address
   presented in the incoming SCCP/SUA message to correct SCTP
   association for the desired endpoint.  The AMF MAY use routing
   context / routing key information as selection criteria for the
   appropriate SCTP association.

   Fail-over - The capability to reroute signalling traffic as required
   to an alternate Application Server Process, or group of ASPs, within
   an Application Server in the event of failure or unavailability of a
   currently used Application Server Process. Fail-over may apply upon
   the return to service of a previously unavailable Application Server
   Process.

   Host - The computing platform that the SGP or ASP process is running
   on.

   Layer Management - Layer Management is a nodal function that handles
   the inputs and outputs between the SUA layer and a local management
   entity.

   Network Appearance - The Network Appearance is an SUA local reference
   (typically an integer) shared by SG and AS that together with a
   Signalling Point Code uniquely identifies an SS7 node by indicating
   the specific SS7 network it belongs to.

   Network Byte Order - Most significant byte first, a.k.a. Big Endian.

   Stream - A stream refers to an SCTP stream; a unidirectional logical
   channel established from one SCTP endpoint to another associated SCTP
   endpoint, within which all user messages are delivered sequenced
   except for those submitted to the unordered delivery service.

   Transport address - an address that serves as a source or destination
   for the unreliable packet transport service used by SCTP.  In IP
   networks, a transport address is defined by the combination of an IP
   address and an SCTP port number.  Note, only one SCTP port may be
   defined for each endpoint, but each SCTP endpoint may have multiple
   IP addresses.

1.3.  Signalling Transport Architecture

   The framework architecture that has been defined for switched circuit
   networks signalling transport over IP [2719] uses multiple
   components, including an IP transport protocol, a signalling common
   transport protocol and an adaptation module to support the services
   expected by a particular switched circuit networks signalling
   protocol from its underlying protocol layer.

   In general terms, the SUA architecture can be modeled as a peer-to-
   peer architecture.  The first section considers the SS7 to IP
   interworking architectures for connectionless and connection-oriented
   transport.  For this case, it is assumed that the ASP initiates the
   establishment of the SCTP association with SG.

1.3.1.  Protocol Architecture for Connectionless Transport

   In this architecture, the SCCP and SUA layers interface in the SG.
   Interworking between the SCCP and SUA layers is needed to provide for
   the transfer of the user messages as well as the management messages.

      ********   SS7   ***************   IP   ********
      * SEP  *---------*             *--------*      *
      *  or  *         *      SG     *        * ASP  *
      * STP  *         *             *        *      *
      ********         ***************        ********

      +------+                                +------+
      | SUAP |                                | SUAP |
      +------+         +------+------+        +------+
      | SCCP |         | SCCP | SUA  |        | SUA  |
      +------+         +------+------+        +------+
      | MTP3 |         | MTP3 |      |        |      |
      +------+         +------+ SCTP |        | SCTP |
      | MTP2 |         | MTP2 |      |        |      |
      +------+         +------+------+        +------+
      |  L1  |         |  L1  |  IP  |        |  IP  |
      +------+         +------+------+        +------+
          |               |         |            |
          +---------------+         +------------+

        SUAP - SCCP/SUA User Protocol (TCAP, for example)
        STP  - SS7 Signalling Transfer Point

   See Appendix A.3.1 for operation recommendations.

1.3.1.1.  SG as endpoint

   In this case, the connectionless SCCP messages are routed on point
   code (PC) and subsystem number (SSN).  The subsystem identified by
   SSN and Routing Context is regarded as local to the SG.  This means
   from SS7 point of view, the SCCP-user is located at the SG.

1.3.1.2.  Signalling Gateway as relay-point

   A Global Title translation is executed at the signalling gateway,
   before the destination of the message can be determined.  The actual
   location of the SCCP-user is irrelevant to the SS7 network.  GT
   Translation yields an "SCCP entity set", from which an Application
   Server can be derived.  Selection of the Application Server is based
   on the SCCP called party address (and possibly other SS7 parameters
   depending on the implementation).

1.3.2.  Protocol Architecture for Connection-Oriented Transport

   In this architecture, the SCCP and SUA layers share an interface in
   the signalling gateway process to associate the two connection
   sections needed for the connection-oriented data transfer between SEP
   and ASP.  Both connection sections are setup when routing the Connect
   Request messages from the signalling end point via signalling gateway
   process to ASP and visa versa.  The routing of the Connect Request
   message is performed in the same way as described in 1.3.1.

      ********   SS7   ***************   IP   ********
      * SEP/ *---------*      SG     *--------* ASP  *
      * STP  *         *             *        *      *
      ********         ***************        ********

      +------+                                +------+
      | SUAP |                                | SUAP |
      +------+         +------+------+        +------+
      | SCCP |         | SCCP | SUA  |        | SUA  |
      +------+         +------+------+        +------+
      | MTP3 |         | MTP3 |      |        |      |
      +------|         +------+ SCTP |        | SCTP |
      | MTP2 |         | MTP2 |      |        |      |
      +------+         +------+------+        +------+
      |  L1  |         |  L1  |  IP  |        |  IP  |
      +------+         +------+------+        +------+
          |               |         |            |
          +---------------+         +------------+

        SUAP - SCCP/SUA Application Protocol (e.g., - RANAP/RNSAP)
        STP  - SS7 Signalling Transfer Point

   See Appendix A.3.2 for operation recommendations.

1.3.3.  All IP Architecture

   This architecture can be used to carry a protocol that uses the
   transport services of SCCP within an IP network.  This allows
   flexibility in developing networks, especially when interaction
   between legacy signalling is not needed.  The architecture removes
   the need for signalling gateway functionality.

      ********   IP   ********
      * IPSP *--------* IPSP *
      ********        ********

      +------+        +------+
      | SUAP |        | SUAP |
      +------+        +------+
      | SUA  |        | SUA  |
      +------+        +------+
      | SCTP |        | SCTP |
      +------+        +------+
      |  IP  |        |  IP  |
      +------+        +------+
         |                |
         +----------------+

      SUAP - SCCP/SUA Application Protocol (e.g., - RANAP/RNSAP)

1.3.4.  ASP Fail-over Model and Terminology

   The SUA protocol supports ASP fail-over functions to support a high
   availability of transaction processing capability.

   An Application Server can be considered as a list of all ASPs
   configured/registered to handle SCCP-user messages within a certain
   range of routing information, known as a Routing Key.  One or more
   ASPs in the list may normally be active to handle traffic, while
   others may be inactive but available in the event of failure or
   unavailability of the active ASP(s).

   For operation recommendations, see Appendix A.

1.4.  Services Provided by the SUA Layer

1.4.1.  Support for the transport of SCCP-User Messages

   The SUA supports the transfer of SCCP-user messages.  The SUA layer
   at the signalling gateway and at the ASP support the seamless
   transport of user messages between the signalling gateway and the
   ASP.

1.4.2.  SCCP Protocol Class Support

   Depending upon the SCCP-users supported, the SUA supports the 4
   possible SCCP protocol classes transparently.  The SCCP protocol
   classes are defined as follows:

   *  Protocol class 0 provides unordered transfer of SCCP-user messages
      in a connectionless manner.

   *  Protocol class 1 allows the SCCP-user to select the sequenced
      delivery of SCCP-user messages in a connectionless manner.

   *  Protocol class 2 allows the bidirectional transfer of SCCP-user
      messages by setting up a temporary or permanent signalling
      connection.

   *  Protocol class 3 allows the features of protocol class 2 with the
      inclusion of flow control.  Detection of message loss or mis-
      sequencing is included.

   Protocol classes 0 and 1 make up the SCCP connectionless service.
   Protocol classes 2 and 3 make up the SCCP connection-oriented
   service.

1.4.3.  Native Management Functions

   The SUA layer provides the capability to indicate errors associated
   with the SUA-protocol messages and to provide notification to local
   management and the remote peer as is necessary.

1.4.4.  Interworking with SCCP Network Management Functions

   SUA uses the existing ASP management messages for ASP status
   handling.  The interworking with SCCP management messages consists of
   DUNA, DAVA, DAUD, DRST, DUPU or SCON messages (defined in section 3)
   on receipt of SSP, SSA, SST or SSC (defined by SCCP) to the
   appropriate ASPs.  See also chapter 1.4.5.  The primitives below are
   sent between the SCCP and SUA management functions in the SG to
   trigger events in the IP and SS7 domain.

   Generic   |Specific   |
   Name      |Name       |ANSI/ITU Reference
   ----------+-----------+---------------------------------------------
   N-State   |Request    |ITU-Q.711   Chap 6.3.2.3.2 (Tab 16/Q.711)
             |Indication |ANSI-T1.112 Chap 2.3.2.3.2 (Tab 8E/T1.112.1)
   ----------+-----------+---------------------------------------------
   N-PCstate |Indication |ITU-Q.711   Chap 6.3.2.3.3 (Tab 1/Q.711)
             |           |ANSI-T1.112 Chap 2.3.2.3.4 (Tab 8G/T1.112.1)
   ----------+-----------+---------------------------------------------
   N-Coord   |Request    |ITU-Q.711   Chap 6.3.2.3.1 (Tab 15/Q.711)
             |Indication |ANSI-T1.112 Chap 2.3.2.3.3 (Tab 8F/T1.112.1)
             |Response   |
             |Confirm    |

1.4.5.  Support for the management between the SGP and ASP.

   The SUA layer provides interworking with SCCP management functions at
   the SG for operation between the switched circuit networks and the IP
   network.  It should:

   *  Provide an indication to the SCCP-user at an ASP that a SS7
      endpoint/peer is unreachable.
   *  Provide an indication to the SCCP-user at an ASP that a SS7
      endpoint/peer is reachable.
   *  Provide congestion indication to SCCP-user at an ASP.
   *  Provide the initiation of an audit of SS7 endpoints at the SG.

1.4.6.  Relay function

   For network scalability purposes, the SUA may be enhanced with a
   relay functionality to determine the next hop SCTP association toward
   the destination SUA endpoint.

   The determination of the next hop may be based on Global Title
   information (e.g., E.164 number), in analogy with SCCP GTT in SS7
   networks, modeled in [ITU-T Q.714].  It may also be based on Hostname
   information, IP address or pointcode contained in the called party
   address.

   This allows for greater scalability, reliability and flexibility in
   wide-scale deployments of SUA.  The usage of a relay function is a
   deployment decision.

1.5.  Internal Functions Provided in the SUA Layer

   To perform its addressing and relaying capabilities, the SUA makes
   use of an Address Mapping Function (AMF).  This function is
   considered part of SUA, but the way it is realized is left
   implementation / deployment dependent (local tables, DNS [3761],
   LDAP, etc.)

   The AMF is invoked when a message is received at the incoming
   interface.  The AMF is responsible for resolving the address
   presented in the incoming SCCP/SUA message to SCTP associations to
   destinations within the IP network.  The AMF will select the
   appropriate SCTP association based upon routing context / routing key
   information available.  The destination might be the end SUA node or
   a SUA relay node.  The Routing Keys reference an Application Server,
   which will have one or more ASPs processing traffic for the AS.  The
   availability and status of the ASPs is handled by SUA ASP management
   messages.

   Possible SS7 address/routing information that comprise a Routing Key
   entry includes, for example, OPC, DPC, SIO found in the MTP3 routing
   label, SCCP subsystem number, or Transaction ID.  IP addresses and
   hostnames can also be used as Routing Key Information.

   It is expected that the routing keys be provisioned via a MIB,
   dynamic registration or external process, such as a database.

1.5.1.  Address Mapping at the SG

   Normally, one or more ASPs are active in the AS (i.e., currently
   processing traffic) but in certain failure and transition cases it is
   possible that there may not be an active ASP available.  The SGP will
   buffer the message destined for this AS for a time T(r) or until an
   ASP becomes available.  When no ASP becomes available before expiry
   of T(r), the SGP will flush the buffered messages and initiate the
   appropriate return or refusal procedures.

   If there is no address mapping match for an incoming message, a
   default treatment MAY be specified.  Possible solutions are to
   provide a default Application Server to direct all unallocated
   traffic to a (set of) default ASP(s), or to drop the messages and
   provide a notification to management.  The treatment of unallocated
   traffic is implementation dependent.

1.5.2.  Address Mapping at the ASP

   To direct messages to the SS7 network, the ASP MAY perform an address
   mapping to choose the proper SGP for a given message.  This is
   accomplished by observing the Destination Point Code and other
   elements of the outgoing message, SS7 network status, SGP
   availability, and Routing Context configuration tables.

   A Signalling Gateway may be composed of one or more SGPs.  There is,
   however, no SUA messaging to manage the status of an SGP.  Whenever
   an SCTP association to an SGP exists, it is assumed to be available.
   Also, every SGP of one SG communicating with one ASP regarding one AS
   provides identical SS7 connectivity to this ASP.

   An ASP routes responses to the SGP that it received messages from;
   within the routing context which it is currently active and receiving
   traffic.

1.5.3.  Address Mapping Function at a Relay Node

   The relay function is invoked when:

   -  Routing is on Global Title

   -  Routing is on Hostname
   -  Routing is on SSN and PC or SSN and IP Address and the address
      presented is not the one of the relay node

   Translation/resolution of the above address information yields one of
   the following:

   -  Route on SSN: SCTP association ID toward the destination node, SSN
      and optionally Routing Context and/or IP address.
   -  Route on GT: SCTP association ID toward next relay node, (new) GT
      and optionally SSN and/or Routing Context.
   -  Routing on Hostname: SCTP association ID toward next relay node,
      (new) Hostname and optionally SSN and/or Routing Context.
   -  A local SUA-user (combined relay/end node)

   To prevent looping, an SS7 hop counter is used.  The originating end
   node (be it an SS7 or an IP node) sets the value of the SS7 hop
   counter to the maximum value (15 or less).  Each time the relay
   function is invoked within an intermediate (relay) node, the SS7 hop
   counter is decremented.  When the value reaches zero, the return or
   refusal procedures are invoked with reason "Hop counter violation".

1.5.4.  SCTP Stream Mapping

   The SUA supports SCTP streams.  Signalling Gateway SG and Application
   Servers need to maintain a list of SCTP and SUA-users for mapping
   purposes.  SCCP-users requiring sequenced message transfer need to be
   sent over a stream with sequenced delivery.

   SUA uses stream 0 for SUA management messages.  It is OPTIONAL that
   sequenced delivery be used to preserve the order of management
   message delivery.

   Stream selection based on protocol class:

   -  Protocol class 0: SUA MAY select unordered delivery.  The stream
      selected is based on traffic information available to the SGP or
      ASP.

   -  Protocol class 1: SUA MUST select ordered delivery.  The stream
      selected is based upon the sequence parameter given by the upper
      layer over the primitive interface and other traffic information
      available to the SGP or ASP

   -  Protocol classes 2 and 3: SUA MUST select ordered delivery. The
      stream selected is based upon the source local reference of the
      connection and other traffic information available to the SGP or
      ASP.

1.5.5.  Flow Control

   Local Management at an ASP may wish to stop traffic across an SCTP
   association to temporarily remove the association from service or to
   perform testing and maintenance activity.  The function could
   optionally be used to control the start of traffic on to a newly
   available SCTP association.

1.5.6.  Congestion Management

   The SUA layer is informed of local and IP network congestion by means
   of an implementation-dependent function (e.g., an implementation-
   dependent indication from the SCTP of IP network congestion).

   At an ASP or IPSP, the SUA layer indicates congestion to local SCCP-
   Users by means of an appropriate SCCP primitive (e.g., N-INFORM, N-
   NOTICE), as per current SCCP procedures, to invoke appropriate upper
   layer responses.  When an SG determines that the transport of SS7
   messages is encountering congestion, the SG MAY trigger SS7 SCCP
   Congestion messages to originating SS7 nodes, per the congestion
   procedures of the relevant SCCP standard.  The triggering of SS7 SCCP
   Management messages from an SG is an implementation-dependent
   function.

   The SUA layer at an ASP or IPSP MAY indicate local congestion to an
   SUA peer with an SCON message.  When an SG receives a congestion
   message (SCON) from an ASP, and the SG determines that an endpoint is
   now encountering congestion, it MAY trigger congestion procedures of
   the relevant SCCP standard.

1.6.  Definition of SUA Boundaries

1.6.1.  Definition of the upper boundary

   The following primitives are supported between the SUA and an SCCP-
   user (a reference to ITU and ANSI sections where these primitives and
   corresponding parameters are described, is also given):

   Generic     |Specific  |
   Name        |Name      |ANSI/ITU Reference
   ------------+----------+-------------------------------------------
   N-CONNECT   |Request   |ITU-Q.711   Chap 6.1.1.2.2 (Tab 2/Q.711)
               |Indication|ANSI-T1.112 Chap 2.1.1.2.2 (Tab 2/T1.112.1)
               |Response  |
               |Confirm   |
   ------------+----------+-------------------------------------------
   N-DATA      |Request   |ITU-Q.711   Chap 6.1.1.2.3 (Tab 3/Q.711)
               |Indication|ANSI-T1.112 Chap 2.1.1.2.3 (Tab 3/T1.112.1)

   ------------+----------+-------------------------------------------
   N-EXPEDITED |Request   |ITU-Q.711   Chap 6.1.1.2.3 (Tab 4/Q.711)
   DATA        |Indication|ANSI-T1.112 Chap 2.1.1.2.3 (Tab 4/T1.112.1)
   ------------+----------+-------------------------------------------
   N-RESET     |Request   |ITU-Q.711   Chap 6.1.1.2.3 (Tab 5/Q.711)
               |Indication|ANSI-T1.112 Chap 2.1.1.2.3 (Tab 5/T1.112.1)
               |Response  |
               |Confirm   |
   ------------+----------+-------------------------------------------
   N-DISCONNECT|Request   |ITU-Q.711   Chap 6.1.1.2.4 (Tab 6/Q.711)
               |Indication|ANSI-T1.112 Chap 2.1.1.2.4 (Tab 6/T1.112.1)
   ------------+----------+-------------------------------------------
   N-INFORM    |Request   |ITU-Q.711   Chap 6.1.1.3.2 (Tab 8/Q.711)
               |Indication|ANSI-T1.112 Chap 2.1.1.2.5 (Tab 6A/T1.112.1)
   ------------+----------+-------------------------------------------
   N-UNITDATA  |Request   |ITU-Q.711   Chap 6.2.2.3.1 (Tab 12/Q.711)
               |Indication|ANSI-T1.112 Chap 2.2.2.3.1 (Tab 8A/T1.112.1)
   ------------+----------+-------------------------------------------
   N-NOTICE    |Indication|ITU-Q.711   Chap 6.2.2.3.2 (Tab 13/Q.711)
               |          |ANSI-T1.112 Chap 2.2.2.3.2 (Tab 8B/T1.112.1)
   ------------+----------+--------------------------------------------
   N-STATE     |Request   |ITU-Q.711   Chap 6.3.2.3.2 (Tab 16/Q.711)
               |Indication|ANSI-T1.112 Chap 2.3.2.3.2 (Tab 8E/T1.112.1)
   ------------+----------+--------------------------------------------
   N-PCSTATE   |Indication|ITU-Q.711   Chap 6.3.2.3.3 (Tab 17/Q.711)
               |          |ANSI-T1.112 Chap 2.3.2.3.4 (Tab 8G/T1.112.1)
   ------------+----------+--------------------------------------------
   N-COORD     |Request   |ITU-Q.711   Chap 6.3.2.3.1 (Tab 15/Q.711)
               |Indication|ANSI-T1.112 Chap 2.3.2.3.3 (Tab 8F/T1.112.1)
               |Response  |
               |Confirm   |

1.6.2.  Definition of the lower boundary

   The upper layer primitives provided by the SCTP are provided in
   [SCTP].

1.6.3.  Definition of the Boundary between SUA and Layer Management

   M-SCTP_ESTABLISH request
   Direction: LM -> SUA
   Purpose:  LM requests ASP to establish an SCTP association with its
             peer.

   M-SCTP_ESTABLISH confirm
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  ASP confirms to LM that it has established an SCTP
             association with its peer.

   M-SCTP_ESTABLISH indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA informs LM that a remote ASP has established an SCTP
             association.

   M-SCTP_RELEASE request
   Direction: LM -> SUA
   Purpose:  LM requests ASP to release an SCTP association with its
             peer.

   M-SCTP_RELEASE confirm
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  ASP confirms to LM that it has released SCTP association
             with its peer.

   M-SCTP_RELEASE indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA informs LM that a remote ASP has released an SCTP
             Association or the SCTP association has failed.

   M-SCTP RESTART indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA informs LM that an SCTP restart indication has been
             received.

   M-SCTP_STATUS request
   Direction: LM -> SUA
   Purpose:  LM requests SUA to report the status of an SCTP
             association.

   M-SCTP_STATUS confirm
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA responds with the status of an SCTP association.

   M-SCTP STATUS indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA reports the status of an SCTP association.

   M-ASP_STATUS request
   Direction: LM -> SUA
   Purpose:  LM requests SUA to report the status of a local or remote
               ASP.

   M-ASP_STATUS confirm
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA reports status of local or remote ASP.

   M-AS_STATUS request
   Direction: LM -> SUA
   Purpose:  LM requests SUA to report the status of an AS.

   M-AS_STATUS confirm
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA reports the status of an AS.

   M-NOTIFY indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA reports that it has received a Notify message from its
             peer.

   M-ERROR indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA reports that it has received an Error message from its
             peer or that a local operation has been unsuccessful.

   M-ASP_UP request
   Direction: LM -> SUA
   Purpose:  LM requests ASP to start its operation and send an ASP Up
             message to its peer.

   M-ASP_UP confirm
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  ASP reports that is has received an ASP UP Ack message
             from its peer.

   M-ASP_UP indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA reports it has successfully processed an incoming ASP
             Up message from its peer.

   M-ASP_DOWN request
   Direction: LM -> SUA
   Purpose:  LM requests ASP to stop its operation and send an ASP Down
             message to its peer.

   M-ASP_DOWN confirm
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  ASP reports that is has received an ASP Down Ack message
             from its peer.

   M-ASP_DOWN indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA reports it has successfully processed an incoming ASP
             Down message from its peer, or the SCTP association has
             been lost/reset.

   M-ASP_ACTIVE request
   Direction: LM -> SUA
   Purpose:  LM requests ASP to send an ASP Active message to its peer.

   M-ASP_ACTIVE confirm
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  ASP reports that is has received an ASP Active Ack message
             from its peer.

   M-ASP_ACTIVE indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA reports it has successfully processed an incoming ASP
             Active message from its peer.

   M-ASP_INACTIVE request
   Direction: LM -> SUA
   Purpose:  LM requests ASP to send an ASP Inactive message to its
             peer.

   M-ASP_INACTIVE confirm
   Direction: LM -> SUA
   Purpose:  ASP reports that is has received an ASP Inactive
             Ack message from its peer.

   M-ASP_INACTIVE indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA reports it has successfully processed an incoming ASP
             Inactive message from its peer.

   M-AS_ACTIVE indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA reports that an AS has moved to the AS-ACTIVE state.

   M-AS_INACTIVE indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose: SUA reports that an AS has moved to the AS-INACTIVE state.

   M-AS_DOWN indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose: SUA reports that an AS has moved to the AS-DOWN state.

   If the SUA layer supports dynamic registration of Routing Key, the
   layer MAY support the following additional primitives:

   M-RK_REG request
   Direction: LM -> SUA
   Purpose:  LM requests ASP to register RK(s) with its peer by sending
             REG REQ message.

   M-RK_REG confirm
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  ASP reports that it has received REG RSP message with
             registration status as successful from its peer.

   M-RK_REG indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA informs LM that it has successfully processed an
             incoming REG REQ message.

   M-RK_DEREG request
   Direction: LM -> SUA
   Purpose:  LM requests ASP to deregister RK(s) with its peer by
             sending DEREG REQ message.

   M-RK_DEREG confirm
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  ASP reports that it has received DEREG RESP message with
             deregistration status as successful from its peer.

   M-RK_DEREG indication
   Direction: SUA -> LM
   Purpose:  SUA informs LM that it has successfully processed an
             incoming DEREG REQ from its peer.

2.  Conventions

   The keywords MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD,
   SHOULD NOT, RECOMMENDED, NOT RECOMMENDED, MAY, and OPTIONAL, when
   they appear in this document, are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14, RFC 2119 [2119].

3.  Protocol Elements

   The general message format includes a Common Message Header together
   with a list of zero or more parameters as defined by the Message
   Type.

   For forward compatibility, all Message Types may have attached
   parameters even if none are specified in this version.

   The Reserved field is set to 0 in messages sent and is not to be
   examined in messages received.

3.1.  Common Message Header

   The protocol messages for the SCCP-User Adaptation Protocol requires
   a message structure which contains a version, message class, message
   type, message length and message contents.  This message header is
   common among all signalling protocol adaptation layers:

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |    Version    |   Reserved    | Message Class | Message Type  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        Message Length                         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                         Message Data                          |

   Note that the 'data' portion of SUA messages SHALL contain SCCP-User
   data, not the encapsulated SCCP message.

   Optional parameters can only occur at most once in an SUA message.

3.1.1.  SUA Protocol Version

   The version field (ver) contains the version of the SUA adaptation
   layer.  The supported versions are:

      1   SUA version 1.0

3.1.2.  Message Classes

   Message Classes

      0         SUA Management (MGMT) Message
      1         Reserved
      2         Signalling Network Management (SNM) Messages
      3         ASP State Maintenance (ASPSM) Messages
      4         ASP Traffic Maintenance (ASPTM) Messages
      5         Reserved
      6         Reserved
      7         Connectionless Messages
      8         Connection-Oriented Messages
      9         Routing Key Management (RKM) Messages.
      10 - 127  Reserved by the IETF
      128 - 255 Reserved for IETF-Defined Message Class Extensions

3.1.3.  Message Types

   SUA Management Messages

      0         Error (ERR)
      1         Notify (NTFY)
      2 - 127   Reserved by the IETF
      128- 255  Reserved for IETF-Defined Message Class Extensions

   Signalling Network Management (SNM) Messages

      0         Reserved
      1         Destination Unavailable (DUNA)
      2         Destination Available (DAVA)
      3         Destination State Audit (DAUD)
      4         Signalling Congestion (SCON)
      5         Destination User Part Unavailable (DUPU)
      6         Destination Restricted (DRST)
      7 - 127   Reserved by the IETF
      128 - 255 Reserved for IETF-Defined Message Class Extensions

   Application Server Process State Maintenance (ASPSM) Messages

      0         Reserved
      1         ASP Up (UP)
      2         ASP Down (DOWN)
      3         Heartbeat (BEAT)
      4         ASP Up Ack (UP ACK)
      5         ASP Down Ack (DOWN ACK)
      6         Heartbeat Ack (BEAT ACK)
      7 - 127   Reserved by the IETF
      128 - 255 Reserved for IETF-Defined Message Class Extensions

   ASP Traffic Maintenance (ASPTM) Messages

      0         Reserved
      1         ASP Active (ACTIVE)
      2         ASP Inactive (INACTIVE)
      3         ASP Active Ack (ACTIVE ACK)
      4         ASP Inactive Ack (INACTIVE ACK)
      5 - 127   Reserved by the IETF
      128 - 255 Reserved for IETF-Defined Message Class Extensions

   Routing Key Management (RKM) Messages

      0         Reserved
      1         Registration Request (REG REQ)
      2         Registration Response (REG RSP)
      3         Deregistration Request (DEREG REQ)
      4         Deregistration Response (DEREG RSP)
      5 - 127   Reserved by the IETF
      128 - 255 Reserved for IETF-Defined Message Class Extensions

   Connectionless (CL) Messages

      0         Reserved
      1         Connectionless Data Transfer (CLDT)
      2         Connectionless Data Response (CLDR)
      3 - 127   Reserved by the IETF
      128 - 255 Reserved for IETF-Defined Message Class Extensions

   Connection-Oriented (CO) Messages

      0         Reserved
      1         Connection Request (CORE)
      2         Connection Acknowledge (COAK)
      3         Connection Refused (COREF)
      4         Release Request (RELRE)
      5         Release Complete (RELCO)
      6         Reset Confirm (RESCO)
      7         Reset Request (RESRE)
      8         Connection Oriented Data Transfer (CODT)
      9         Connection Oriented Data Acknowledge (CODA)
      10        Connection Oriented Error (COERR)
      11        Inactivity Test (COIT)
      12 - 127  Reserved by the IETF
      128 - 255 Reserved for IETF-Defined Message Class Extensions

3.1.4.  Message Length

   The Message Length defines the length of the message in octets,
   including the header and including all padding bytes.  Message Length
   is a 32-bit identifier.

3.1.5.  Tag-Length-Value Format

   SUA messages consist of a Common Header followed by zero or more
   parameters, as defined by the message type.  The Tag-Length-Value
   (TLV) parameters contained in a message are defined in a Tag-Length-
   Value format as shown below.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Parameter Tag        |       Parameter Length        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   \                                                               \
   /                       Parameter Value                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameter Tag: 16 bits (unsigned integer)

      Tag field is a 16-bit identifier of the type of parameter.  It
      takes a value of 0 to 65535.

   Parameter Length: 16 bits (unsigned integer)

      The Parameter Length field contains the size of the parameter in
      bytes, including the Parameter Tag, Parameter Length, and
      Parameter Value fields.  The Parameter Length does not include any
      padding bytes.  However, composite parameters will contain all
      padding bytes, since all parameters contained within this
      composite parameter will be considered multiples of 4 bytes.

   Parameter Value: variable-length.

      The Parameter Value field contains the actual information to be
      transfered in the parameter.

      The total length of a parameter (including Tag, Parameter Length
      and Value fields) MUST be a multiple of 4 bytes.  If the length of
      the parameter is not a multiple of 4 bytes, the sender pads the
      parameter at the end (i.e., after the Parameter Value field) with
      all zero bytes.  The length of the padding is NOT included in the
      parameter length field.  A sender SHOULD NOT pad with more than 3
      bytes.  The receiver MUST ignore the padding bytes.

   Implementation note: The use of TLV in principle allows the
   parameters to be placed in a random order in the message.  However,
   some guidelines should be considered for easy processing in the
   following order:

   -  Parameters needed to correctly process other message parameters,
      preferably should precede these parameters (such as Routing
      Context).
   -  Mandatory parameters preferably SHOULD precede any optional
      parameters.
   -  The data parameter will normally be the final one in the message.

   -  The receiver SHOULD accept parameters in any order, except where
      explicitly mandated.

3.2.  SUA Connectionless Messages

   The following section describes the SUA Connectionless transfer
   messages and parameter contents.  The general message format includes
   a Common Message Header together with a list of zero or more
   parameters as defined by the Message Type.  All Message Types can
   have attached parameters.

3.2.1.  Connectionless Data Transfer (CLDT)

   This message transfers data between one SUA to another.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0006         |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0115          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         Protocol Class                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0102          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                        Source Address                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0103          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                     Destination Address                       /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0116         |             Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        Sequence Control                       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0101          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         SS7 Hop Count                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0113          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Importance                           |

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0114          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      Message Priority                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0013          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         Correlation ID                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0117          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Segmentation                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x010B          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                             Data                              /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Mandatory
     Protocol Class                Mandatory
     Source Address                Mandatory
     Destination Address           Mandatory
     Sequence Control              Mandatory
     SS7 Hop Count                 Optional
     Importance                    Optional
     Message Priority              Optional
     Correlation ID                Optional
     Segmentation                  Optional
     Data                          Mandatory

   Implementation note: This message covers the following SCCP messages:
   unitdata (UDT), extended unitdata (XUDT), long unitdata (LUDT).

3.2.2.  Connectionless Data Response (CLDR)

   This message is used as a response message by the peer to report
   errors in the received CLDT message, when the return on error option
   is set.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0006         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0106          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           SCCP Cause                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0102          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                        Source Address                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0103          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                     Destination Address                       /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0101          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         SS7 Hop Count                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0113          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Importance                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0114          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      Message Priority                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0013          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         Correlation ID                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0117          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Segmentation                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x010b          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-
   /                             Data                              /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Mandatory
     SCCP Cause                    Mandatory
     Source Address                Mandatory
     Destination Address           Mandatory
     SS7 Hop Count                 Optional
     Importance                    Optional
     Message Priority              Optional
     Correlation ID                Optional
     Segmentation                  Optional
     Data                          Optional

   Implementation note: This message covers the following SCCP messages:
   unitdata service (UDTS), extended unitdata service (XUDTS) and long
   unitdata service (LUDTS).

3.3.  Connection Oriented Messages

3.3.1.  Connection Oriented Data Transfer (CODT)

   This message transfers data between one SUA to another for
   connection-oriented service.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0006         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0107          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        Sequence Number                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0105          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                 Destination Reference Number                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0114          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      Message Priority                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0013          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        Correlation ID                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x010b          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                             Data                              /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Mandatory
     Sequence Number               Optional *1
     Destination Reference Number  Mandatory
     Message Priority              Optional
     Correlation ID                Optional
     Data                          Mandatory

   NOTE *1:   This parameter is not present in case of Expedited Data
              (ED).

   Implementation note: For the CODT to represent DT1, DT2 and ED
   messages, the following conditions MUST be met:

   DT1 is represented by a CODT when:
     Sequence Number parameter is present (contains "more" indicator).

   DT2 is represented by a CODT when:
     Sequence Number parameter is present (contains P(S), P(R) and more
     indicator)

   ED is represented by a CODT with:
     Sequence Number parameter is not present

3.3.2.  Connection Oriented Data Acknowledge (CODA)

   The peer uses this message to acknowledge receipt of data.  This
   message is used only with protocol class 3.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0006         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0105          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                 Destination Reference Number                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0108          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                   Receive Sequence Number                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x010A          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                            Credit                             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Mandatory
     Destination Reference Number  Mandatory
     Receive Sequence Number       Optional *1
     Credit                        Mandatory *1

   NOTE *1:    Mandatory when representing Data Acknowledgement (AK).

   Implementation note: For the CODA to represent DA and EA messages,
   the following conditions MUST be met:

   DA is represented by a CODA when:
     Receive Sequence Number parameter is present (contains P(S), P(R)
     and more indicator)

   EA is represented by a CODA when:
     Receive Sequence Number parameter is not present

3.3.3.  Connection Request (CORE)

   This message is used for establishing a signalling connection between
   two peer endpoints.

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0006         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0115          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         Protocol Class                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0104          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                   Source Reference Number                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0103          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                     Destination Address                       /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0116          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        Sequence Control                       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0107          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        Sequence Number                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0102          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                        Source Address                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0101          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         SS7 Hop Count                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0113          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   |                          Importance                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0114          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      Message Priority                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x010A          |           Length              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                            Credit                             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x010b          |           Length              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                             Data                              /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Mandatory
     Protocol Class                Mandatory
     Source Reference Number       Mandatory
     Destination Address           Mandatory
     Sequence Control              Mandatory
     Sequence Number               Optional *1
     Source Address                Optional
     SS7 Hop Count                 Optional
     Importance                    Optional
     Message Priority              Optional
     Credit                        Optional *1
     Data                          Optional

   NOTE *1:    Mandatory for protocol class 3 only.

   Implementation note: This message covers the following SCCP message:
   Connection Request (CR).

3.3.4.  Connection Acknowledge (COAK)

   This message is used to acknowledge a connection request from the
   peer endpoint.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0006         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0115          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         Protocol Class                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0105          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                 Destination Reference Number                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0104          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                   Source Reference Number                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x01116          |            Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        Sequence Control                       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x010A          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                            Credit                             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0102          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                        Source Address                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0113          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Importance                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0114          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      Message Priority                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0103          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   /                     Destination Address                       /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x010b          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                             Data                              /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Mandatory
     Protocol Class                Mandatory
     Destination Reference Number  Mandatory
     Source Reference Number       Mandatory
     Sequence Control              Mandatory
     Credit                        Mandatory *2
     Source Address                Optional
     Importance                    Optional
     Message Priority              Optional
     Destination Address           Optional *1
     Data                          Optional

   NOTE *1:    Destination Address parameter will be present in case
               that the received CORE message conveys the Source
               Address parameter.

   NOTE *2:    Only applicable for protocol class 3.

   Implementation note: This message covers the following SCCP message:
   Connection Confirm (CC).

3.3.5.  Connection Refused (COREF)

   This message is used to refuse a connection request between two peer
   endpoints.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0006         |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0105          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                 Destination Reference Number                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0106          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           SCCP Cause                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0102          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                        Source Address                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0103          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                     Destination Address                       /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0113          |             Length = 8        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Importance                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x010B          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                             Data                              /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context                    Mandatory
     Destination Reference Number       Mandatory
     SCCP Cause                         Mandatory
     Source Address                     Optional
     Destination Address                Optional *1
     Importance                         Optional
     Data                               Optional

   Note *1:    Destination Address parameter will be present in case
               that the received CORE message conveys the Source Address
               parameter.

   Implementation note: This message covers the following SCCP message:
   Connection REFused (CREF).

3.3.6.  Release Request (RELRE)

   This message is used to request a signalling connection between two
   peer endpoints be released.  All associated resources can then be
   released.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0006         |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0105          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                 Destination Reference Number                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0104          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                   Source Reference Number                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0106          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          SCCP Cause                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0113          |             Length = 8        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Importance                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x010b          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                             Data                              /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Mandatory
     Destination Reference Number  Mandatory
     Source Reference Number       Mandatory
     SCCP Cause                    Mandatory
     Importance                    Optional
     Data                          Optional

   Implementation note: This message covers the following SCCP message:
   connection ReLeaSeD (RLSD).

3.3.7.  Release Complete (RELCO)

   This message is used to acknowledge the release of a signalling
   connection between two peer endpoints.  All associated resources
   should be released.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0006         |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0105          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                 Destination Reference Number                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0104          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                   Source Reference Number                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0113          |             Length = 8        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Importance                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Mandatory
     Destination Reference Number  Mandatory
     Source Reference Number       Mandatory
     Importance                    Optional

   Implementation note: This message covers the following SCCP message:
   ReLease Complete (RLC).

3.3.8.  Reset Request (RESRE)

   This message is used to indicate that the sending SCCP/SUA wants to
   initiate a reset procedure (reinitialization of sequence numbers) to
   the peer endpoint.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0006         |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0105          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                 Destination Reference Number                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0104          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                     Source Reference Number                   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0106          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           SCCP Cause                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Mandatory
     Destination Reference Number  Mandatory
     Source Reference Number       Mandatory
     SCCP Cause                    Mandatory

   Implementation note: This message covers the following SCCP message:
   ReSet Request (RSR).

3.3.9.  Reset Confirm (RESCO)

   This message is used to confirm the Reset Request.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0006         |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0105          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                 Destination Reference Number                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0104          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                   Source Reference Number                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Mandatory
     Destination Reference Number  Mandatory
     Source Reference Number       Mandatory

   Implementation note: This message covers the following SCCP message:
   ReSet Confirmation (RSC).

3.3.10.  Connection Oriented Error (COERR)

   The COERR message is sent to indicate a protocol data unit error.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0006          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0105          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                 Destination Reference Number                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0106          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          SCCP Cause                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Mandatory
     Destination Reference Number  Mandatory
     SCCP Cause                    Mandatory

   Implementation note: This message covers the following SCCP message:
   Protocol Data Unit ERRor (ERR).

3.3.11.  Connection Oriented Inactivity Test (COIT)

   This message is used for auditing the signalling connection state and
   the consistency of connection data at both ends of the signalling
   connection.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0006          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0115          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         Protocol Class                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0104          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                   Source Reference Number                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0105          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                 Destination Reference number                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0107          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        Sequence number                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x010A          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                            Credit                             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Mandatory
     Protocol Class                Mandatory
     Source Reference Number       Mandatory
     Destination Reference number  Mandatory
     Sequence Number               Mandatory *1
     Credit                        Mandatory *1

   NOTE *1:    Information in these parameter fields reflects those
               values sent in the last data form 2 or data
               acknowledgement message.  They are ignored if the
               protocol class indicates class 2.

   Implementation note: This message covers the following SCCP message:
   Inactivity Test (IT).

3.4.  Signalling Network Management (SNM) Messages

3.4.1.  Destination Unavailable (DUNA)

   In the scope of SUA, this message is covered by the PC- or N-state
   indication passed between SCCP and local SCCP-user.  The DUNA message
   is sent from the SG or relay node to all concerned ASPs (servicing
   SCCP-users considered local to the SG or relay node, see chapter
   1.3.1.1), when a destination or SCCP-user has become unreachable. The
   SUA-User at the ASP is expected to stop traffic to the affected
   destination or SCCP-user through the SG or relay node initiating the
   DUNA.

   The format for DUNA Message parameters is as follows:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0006          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0012          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                        Affected Point Code                    /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x8003          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                              SSN                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0112          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                              SMI                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0004          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          Info String                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Optional
     Affected Point Code           Mandatory *1
     SSN                           Optional *1
     SMI                           Optional
     Info String                   Optional

   Note 1:    When the SSN is included, the DUNA message
              corresponds to the SCCP N-STATE primitive.  When SSN
              is not, the DUNA message corresponds to the SCCP N-PCSTATE
              primitive.  The Affected Point Code parameter can only
              contain one point code when SSN is present.

3.4.2.  Destination Available (DAVA)

   In the scope of SUA, this message is covered by the PC- and N-state
   indication passed between SCCP and local SCCP-user.  The DAVA message
   is sent from the SG or relay node to all concerned ASPs (servicing
   SCCP-users considered local to the SG or relay node, see chapter
   1.3.1.1) to indicate that a destination (PC or SCCP-user) is now
   reachable.  The ASP SUA-User protocol is expected to resume traffic
   to the affected destination through the SG or relay node initiating
   the DAVA.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0006          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0012          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                        Affected Point Code                    /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x8003          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                              SSN                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0112          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                              SMI                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0004          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          Info String                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Optional
     Affected Point Code           Mandatory *1
     SSN                           Optional *1
     SMI                           Optional
     Info String                   Optional

   Note 1:    When the SSN is included, the DAVA message corresponds to
              the SCCP N-STATE primitive.  When SSN is not included, the
              DAVA message corresponds to the SCCP N-PCSTATE primitive.
              The Affected Point Code can only contain one point code
              when SSN is present.

3.4.3.  Destination State Audit (DAUD)

   The DAUD message can be sent from the ASP to the SG (or relay node)
   to query the availability state of the routes to an affected
   destination.  A DAUD may be sent periodically after the ASP has
   received a DUNA, until a DAVA is received.  The DAUD can also be sent
   when an ASP recovers from isolation from the SG (or relay node).

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0006          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0012          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                        Affected Point Code                    /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x8003          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                              SSN                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x010C          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           User/Cause                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0004          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          Info String                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Optional
     Affected Point Code           Mandatory *1
     SSN                           Optional *1
     User / Cause                  Optional
     Info String                   Optional

   Note 1:    If the SSN is present, the DAUD is "soliciting" N-STATE
              primitives, otherwise it is "soliciting" N-PCSTATE
              primitives.

3.4.4.  Signalling Congestion (SCON)

   The SCON message can be sent from the SG or relay node to all
   concerned ASPs to indicate that the congestion level in the SS7
   network to a specified destination has changed.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0006          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0012          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                        Affected Point Code                    /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x8003          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                              SSN                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0118          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Congestion Level                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0112          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                              SMI                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0004          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          Info String                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Optional
     Affected Point Code           Mandatory *1
     SSN                           Optional *1
     Congestion Level              Mandatory
     SMI                           Optional
     Info String                   Optional

   Note 1:    When the SSN is included, the SCON message corresponds to
              the SCCP N-STATE primitive.  When the SSN is not
              included, the SCON message corresponds to the SCCP

              N-PCSTATE primitive reporting signalling point or network
              congestion status.

3.4.5.  Destination User Part Unavailable (DUPU)

   The DUPU message is used by an SG to inform an ASP that a remote peer
   at an SS7 node is unavailable.

   The format for DUPU message parameters is as follows:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0006          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0012          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                        Affected Point Code                    /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x010C          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           User/Cause                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0004          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   \                                                               \
   /                          INFO String                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Optional
     Affected Point Code           Mandatory *1
     User/Cause                    Mandatory
     Info String                   Optional

   Note 1:    The DUPU corresponds to the SCCP N-PCSTATE primitive.

3.4.6.  Destination Restricted (DRST)

   The DRST message is optionally sent from the SG to all concerned ASPs
   to indicate that the SG has determined that one or more destinations
   are now restricted from the point of view of the SG, or in response
   to a DAUD message if appropriate.  The SUA layer at the ASP is

   expected to send traffic to the affected destination via an alternate
   SG of equal priority, but only if such an alternate route exists and
   is available.  If the ASP currently considers the affected
   destination unavailable, the peer should be informed that traffic to
   the affected destination could be resumed.  In this case, the SUA
   layer should route the traffic through the SG initiating the DRST
   message.

   This message is optional for the SG to send and it is optional for
   the ASP to act on any information received in the message.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0006          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0012          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                        Affected Point Code                    /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x8003          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                              SSN                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0112          |            Length = 8         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                    Reserved                  |       SMI      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0004          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          Info String                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Optional
     Affected Point Code           Mandatory *1
     SSN                           Optional *1
     SMI                           Optional *1
     Info String                   Optional

   Note 1:    The Affected Point Code refers to the node to which
              become restricted or which has requested coordinated
              service outage.  When SSN is included in the message

              parameter, the DRST message corresponds to the SCCP
              N-COORD primitive.  If the SMI parameter is also included
              in the message, the DRST message corresponds to the
              N-COORD Request and N-COORD Indication primitives,
              otherwise, the DRST message correspondence to the N-COORD
              Response and N-COORD Confirm primitives.  The Affected
              Point Code can only contain one point code when SSN is
              present.  When SSN is not present, DRST corresponds to
              N-PCSTATE primitive.

3.5.  Application Server Process State Maintenance Messages

3.5.1.  ASP Up (UP)

   The ASP UP (UP) message is used to indicate to a remote SUA peer that
   the Adaptation layer is up and running.

    0                     1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |            Tag = 0x0011       |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        ASP Identifier                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |            Tag = 0x0004       |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          Info String                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     ASP Identifier                Optional *1
     Info String                   Optional

   Note 1:    ASP Identifier MUST be used where the IPSP/SGP cannot
              identify the ASP by provisioned address/port number
              information (e.g., where an ASP is resident on a Host
              using dynamic address/port number assignment).

3.5.2.  ASP Up Ack (UP ACK)

   The ASP UP Ack message is used to acknowledge an ASP-Up message
   received from a remote SUA peer.

    0                     1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |            Tag = 0x0004       |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          Info String                          /

   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Info String              Optional

3.5.3.  ASP Down (DOWN)

   The ASP Down (DOWN) message is used to indicate to a remote SUA peer
   that the adaptation layer is not running.

    0                     1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           Tag = 0x0004        |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          Info String                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Info String         Optional

3.5.4.  ASP Down Ack (DOWN ACK)

   The ASP DOWN Ack message is used to acknowledge an ASP-Down message
   received from a remote SUA peer.

    0                     1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           Tag = 0x0004        |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          Info String                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Info String         Optional

   Note:    ASP DOWN ACK will always be sent to acknowledge an ASP DOWN.

3.5.5.  Heartbeat (BEAT)

   The Heartbeat message is optionally used to ensure that the SUA peers
   are still available to each other.

   The format for the BEAT message is as follows:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           Tag = 0x0009        |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Heartbeat Data                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Heartbeat Data      Optional

3.5.6.  Heartbeat Ack (BEAT ACK)

   The Heartbeat ACK message is sent in response to a BEAT message.  A
   peer MUST send a BEAT ACK in response to a BEAT message.  It includes
   all the parameters of the received Heartbeat message, without any
   change.

   The format for the BEAT ACK message is as follows:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           Tag = 0x0009        |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Heartbeat Data                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Heartbeat Data      Optional

3.6.  ASP Traffic Maintenance Messages

3.6.1.  ASP Active (ACTIVE)

   The ASPAC message is sent by an ASP to indicate to a remote SUA peer
   that it is Active and ready to process signalling traffic for a
   particular Application Server.

   The format for the ACTIVE message is as follows:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           Tag = 0x000B        |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Traffic Mode Type                       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           Tag = 0x0006        |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0110         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           TID Label                           |
   +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
   |          Tag = 0x010F         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           DRN Label                           |
   +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
   |           Tag = 0x0004        |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          Info String                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Traffic Mode Type   Optional
     Routing Context     Optional
     TID Label           Optional
     DRN Label           Optional
     Info String         Optional

3.6.2.  ASP Active Ack (ACTIVE ACK)

   The ASPAC Ack message is used to acknowledge an ASP-Active message
   received from a remote SUA peer.

   The format for the ACTIVE Ack message is as follows:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           Tag = 0x000B        |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Traffic Mode Type                       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           Tag = 0x0006        |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0004         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          Info String                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Traffic Mode Type   Optional
     Routing Context     Mandatory
     Info String         Optional

3.6.3.  ASP Inactive (INACTIVE)

   The INACTIVE message is sent by an ASP to indicate to a remote SUA
   peer that it is no longer processing signalling traffic within a
   particular Application Server.

   The format for the ASPIA message parameters is as follows:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           Tag = 0x0006        |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           Tag = 0x0004        |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          INFO String                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context     Optional
     INFO String         Optional

3.6.4.  ASP Inactive Ack (INACTIVE ACK)

   The INACTIVE Ack message is used to acknowledge an ASP-Inactive
   message received from a remote SUA peer.

   The format for the INACTIVE Ack message is as follows:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0006         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0004         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          INFO String                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Routing Context     Optional
     INFO String         Optional

3.7.  SUA Management Messages

   These messages are used for managing SUA and the representations of
   the SCCP subsystems in the SUA layer.

3.7.1.  Error (ERR)

   The ERR message is sent between two SUA peers to indicate an error
   situation.  The Diagnostic Information parameter is optional,
   possibly used for error logging and/or debugging.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x000C         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Error Code                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0006          |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0012          |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |      Mask     |                 Affected PC 1                 |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                              ...                              /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |      Mask     |                 Affected PC n                 |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x010D          |         Length = 8            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                     Network Appearance                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0007         |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                        Diagnostic Info                        /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Parameters
     Error Code                    Mandatory
     Routing Context               Mandatory *1
     Network Appearance            Mandatory *1
     Affected Point Code           Mandatory *1
     Diagnostic Information        Optional

   Note 1:    Only mandatory for specific error codes.

3.7.2.  Notify (NTFY)

   The Notify message used to provide an autonomous indication of SUA
   events to an SUA peer.

    0                     1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x000D         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           Status                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |            Tag = 0x0011       |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        ASP Identifier                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-
   |          Tag = 0x0006         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0004         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          Info String                          /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   The NTFY message contains the following parameters:

   Parameters
     Status                        Mandatory
     ASP Identifier                Optional *1
     Routing Context               Optional
     Info String                   Optional

   Note 1:    ASP Identifier MUST be used where the IPSP/SGP cannot
              identify the ASP by provisioned address/port number
              information (e.g., where an ASP is resident on a Host
              using dynamic address/port number assignment).

3.8.  Routing Key Management (RKM) Messages

3.8.1.  Registration Request (REG REQ)

   The REG REQ message is sent by an ASP to indicate to a remote SUA
   peer that it wishes to register one or more given Routing Keys with
   the remote peer.  Typically, an ASP would send this message to an
   SGP, and expects to receive a REG RSP message in return with an
   associated Routing Context value.

   The format for the REG REQ message is as follows:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x010E         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                         Routing Key 1                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                              ...                              /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x010E         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                         Routing Key n                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |            Tag = 0x0109       |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                        ASP Capabilities                       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   The REG REQ message contains the following parameters:

   Parameters
     Routing Key                   Mandatory *1
     ASP Capabilities              Optional

   Note 1:   One or more Routing Key parameters MAY be included in a
             single REG REQ message.

3.8.2.  Registration Response (REG RSP)

   The REG RSP message is sent by an SG to an ASP indicate the result of
   a previous REG REQ from an ASP.  It contains indications of
   success/failure for registration requests and returns a unique
   Routing Context value for successful registration requests, to be
   used in subsequent SUA Traffic Management protocol messages.

   The format for the REG RSP message is as follows:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0014         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                    Registration Result 1                      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                              ...                              /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0014         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                    Registration Result n                      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   The REG RSP message contains the following parameters:

   Parameters
     Registration Result           Mandatory *1

   Note 1:   One or more Registration Result parameters MAY be included
             in a single REG RSP message.  The number of results in a
             single REG RSP message can be anywhere from one to the
             total number of Routing Key parameters found in the
             corresponding REG REQ message.

3.8.3.  Deregistration Request (DEREG REQ)

   The DEREG REQ message is sent by an ASP to indicate to a remote SUA
   peer that it wishes to deregister a given Routing Key.  Typically, an
   ASP would send this message to an SGP, and expects to receive a DEREG
   RSP message in return with the associated Routing Context value.

   The format for the DEREG REQ message is as follows:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |         Tag = 0x0006            |           Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                       Routing Context                         /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   The DEREG REQ message contains the following parameters:

   Parameters
     Routing Context               Mandatory

3.8.4.  Deregistration Response (DEREG RSP)

   The DEREG RSP message is used as a response to the DEREG REQ message
   from a remote SUA peer.

   The format for the DEREG RSP message is as follows:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0015         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                   Deregistration Result 1                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                              ...                              /
   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0015         |             Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                   Deregistration Result n                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   The DEREG RSP message contains the following parameters:

   Parameters
     Deregistration Result         Mandatory *1

   Note 1:    One or more Deregistration Result parameters MAY be
              included in one DEREG RSP message.  The number of results
              in a single DEREG RSP message can be anywhere from one to
              the total number of Routing Context parameters found in
              the corresponding DEREG REQ message.

3.9.  Common Parameters

   These TLV parameters are common across the different adaptation
   layers.

   Parameter Name                     Parameter ID
   ==============                     ============
   Reserved                             0x0000
   Not used in SUA                      0x0001
   Not used in SUA                      0x0002
   Not used in SUA                      0x0003
   Info String                          0x0004
   Not used in SUA                      0x0005
   Routing Context                      0x0006
   Diagnostic Info                      0x0007
   Not used in SUA                      0x0008
   Heartbeat Data                       0x0009
   Not Used in SUA                      0x000A
   Traffic Mode Type                    0x000B
   Error Code                           0x000C
   Status                               0x000D
   Not used in SUA                      0x000E
   Not used in SUA                      0x000F
   Not used in SUA                      0x0010
   ASP Identifier                       0x0011
   Affected Point Code                  0x0012
   Correlation ID                       0x0013
   Registration Result                  0x0014
   Deregistration Result                0x0015
   Registration Status                  0x0016
   Deregistration Status                0x0017
   Local Routing Key Identifier         0x0018

3.9.1.  Not Used

   Use of Parameter ID 0x0001 in SUA messages is not supported.

3.9.2.  Not Used

   Use of Parameter ID 0x0002 in SUA messages is not supported.

3.9.3.  Not Used

   Use of Parameter ID 0x0003 in SUA messages is not supported.

3.9.4.  Info String

   The optional INFO String parameter can carry any meaningful UTF-8
   [3629] character string along with the message.  Length of the INFO
   String parameter is from 0 to 255 octets.  No procedures are
   presently identified for its use but service providers may use the
   INFO String for debugging purposes.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Tag = 0x0004         |            Length             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   /                          Info String                          /

   \                                                               \
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

3.9.5.  Not Used in SUA