Top Document: Ferret FAQ [5/5] - Medical Overview Previous Document: (12.8) What's Duck Soup? Anyone have a recipe? Next Document: (12.10) What tests might my vet want to run, and why? See reader questions & answers on this topic! - Help others by sharing your knowledge Rectal temperature 100-103 F (37.8 - 39.4 C), 101.9 average Heart rate 216-250/min (225 average) Respiration 33-36/min Urine pH 6.5-7.5; mild to moderate proteinura is common and normal Blood volume 60-80 ml/kg The following information comes from "Normal Parameters and Laboratory Interpretation of Disease States in the Domestic Ferret," an article written by Dr. Tom Kawasaki around 1994. Your veterinarian might find this information helpful. mean acceptable range sodium (mmol/L) 153 143-163 potassium (mmol/L) 4.47 3.2-5.77 chloride (mmol/L) 116 105-127 calcium (mg/dl) 8.8 7.5-10.1 inorganic phosphorus (mg/dl) 5.5 3.7-7.4 glucose (fasted) (mg/dl) 110 65-164 BUN (mg/dl) 21 8-37 creatinine (mg/dl) 0.5 0.16-0.84 BUN/creatinine 42 total protein (g/dl) 5.8 4.4-7.3 albumin (g/dl) 3.3 2.5-4.1 globulin (g/dl) 2.2 1.8-2.9 total bilirubin (mg/dl) 0.2 0.1-0.5 cholesterol (mg/dl) 174 76-272 alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) 37 15-75 ALT (IU/L) 95 13-176 AST (IU/L) 61 23-99 CO2 22 14-30 A/G (g/dl) 1.3 1.0-2.3 LDH 274 101-498 triglycerides 98 31-101 GGT 4.8 1-13 uric acid 2.2 1.4-3.3 PCV (%) 45.4 38-54 hemoglobin (g/dl) 13-18 RBC (X10^6/mm3) 9.0 7.0-11.0 platelets (X10^3) 400 350-600 reticulocytes (%) N/A WBC (x10^3/mm3) 5.22 2.8-8.0 neutrophils 3017 2329-5700 (59%) (39-85%) lymphocytes 1157 525-3500 (35%) (11-55%) monocytes 119 52-177 (2.6%) (0.76-4.4%) eosinophils 133 29-432 (2.8%) (1-8%) basophils 0 0 MCV (um3) 51 46-65 MCH (pg) 17.7 15.5-19.0 MCHC 33 29-36 * Dr. Susan Brown also notes that the normal insulin level is 0-20, but that insulin may appear normal even in animals with insulinoma [1.1]. There are, of course, dozens of components in your ferret's blood which can help your vet determine what's wrong. Here are some of the ones people ask about most often, and normal ranges. If you want to know more about what your ferret's tests mean, don't hesitate to ask your vet. The following information is extracted from an article in The FAIR [Ferret Adoption, Information & Rescue Society] Report, Vol. II, No. 2, by Mary Van Dahm, with a few additions. Blood glucose Glucose is a sugar, the main energy source for the body. Its level varies through the day, higher just after a meal, lower when the ferret is hungry, but the body keeps it fairly constant mainly by controlling the amount of insulin in the blood. A non-fasted blood glucose test might give values up to 207 mg/dl, depending on when the ferret last ate. Testing the blood glucose after withholding food from the ferret for 6 hours (fasting blood glucose) eliminates the variation and gives you a more definite number to judge it by. A low reading (hypoglycemia) may be a sign of insulinoma (see the Ferret Insulinoma FAQ [1.1]). A high reading (hyperglycemia) is rare, but might be a sign of diabetes. However, insulinoma can also cause a high glucose reading, and since diabetes is extremely rare in ferrets, you should double-check any diabetes diagnosis by looking for sugar in the urine as well. Pack cell volume/hematocrit (PCV/HCT) This is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. Low readings indicate anemia; high readings are usually a sign of dehydration. Red blood cells (RBC) Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Low readings show anemia. White blood cells (WBC) Part of the immune system. Readings over about 7000 may mean the ferret is fighting off an infection, cold or flu. Readings over 10,000 may be early signs of lymphoma (see the Ferret Lymphosarcoma FAQ [1.1]) or another cancer. Unusually low readings indicate anemia and a bone marrow problem. Lymphocytes Another type of white blood cell. High readings can indicate a "smoldering" infection, possibly Helicobacter mustelae (see the Ferret Gastric Ulcer/ H. mustelae FAQ [1.1]). Many, but not all, cases of lymphosarcoma also show elevated lymphocyte levels (see the Ferret Lymphosarcoma FAQ [1.1]). Eosinophils Another type of white blood cell. Often an indicator of intestinal disorders, infection, or cancer. Other parts of the blood profile must also be considered for a diagnosis. Protein, Albumin and Globulin Albumin is a kind of protein, and globulin is a general term for all proteins that aren't albumin, so protein - albumin = globulin. The numbers indicate the ferret's general health and nutrition, and albumin also helps show how well the liver and kidneys are working. BUN and Creatinine The job of the kidneys is to filter out impurities, so if they aren't working well, these levels will be high. Alkaline phosphatese This is an enzyme found in the liver and bone. When bones are growing or the liver is damaged, lots of this is released into the blood. Total bilirubin A by-product of the normal breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Helps diagnose liver disease and bile duct obstruction. Sodium, Potassium and Chloride Controlled by the kidneys, these are commonly called blood electrolytes. They are involved in water balance, acid/base balance, and the transmission of nerve impulses, especially to the heart. Calcium and Phosphorus These minerals are controlled by the parathyroid glands and the kidneys. The levels show possible problems with bones, blood clotting, and nerve, muscle, and cell activity. References: 1. Wellness, Inc. How to Read Your Report, 1993 2. Finkler, M. Practical Ferret Medicine and Surgery for the Private Practitioner, 1993 3. Brown, S. Ferret Medicine and Surgery, 1992 4. Fox, JG. Biology and Diseases of the Ferret, 1988 * User Contributions: 1 Peyton ⚠ Sep 6, 2023 @ 7:19 pm Is there a way I can get certification that my ferrets are descented? Comment about this article, ask questions, or add new information about this topic:Top Document: Ferret FAQ [5/5] - Medical Overview Previous Document: (12.8) What's Duck Soup? Anyone have a recipe? Next Document: (12.10) What tests might my vet want to run, and why? Part1 - Part2 - Part3 - Part4 - Part5 - Single Page [ Usenet FAQs | Web FAQs | Documents | RFC Index ] Send corrections/additions to the FAQ Maintainer: pamg@rice.edu (Pamela Greene)
Last Update March 27 2014 @ 02:12 PM
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