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Answer:
Both dreidel and grogger are traditional European toys, although the
names they go by in non-Jewish cultures are quite different from the
ones we use.
The English (and Latin) name for the dreidel is teetotum -- and you
can look up its history in the Oxford English Dictionary. It turns out
to be an ancient gambling toy, known in ancient Greece, and with
national variations on the letters on the faces of the toy. In all
national variants, the letters are a mnemonic for the rules of the
game. For example, the traditional English letters are:
T - Take all
H - Take half
N - Nothing
P - Put
Although the fact that the Dreidel goes back to Greek times makes it
possible that it was known in the Hashemonean kingdom, the fact that
the Hebrew letters on the sides make a mnemonic that fits the pattern
described above when used as initial letters of Yiddish words suggests
that the dreidel entered Jewish culture through the Yiddish speaking
Ashkenazi and is not of ancient origin.
The OED entry for teetotum says that that the toy fell out of use
because cards were far better gambling games, and that by the 1890's,
it had been reduced to a children's toy in the English speaking world.
In the Jewish world, according to Schauss's guide to Jewish Holy Days,
the playing card fad of the middle ages led the rabbis issuing a
series of edicts condemning excessive gambling. They didn't ban the
dreidel, though, perhaps because the "A great miracle happened there"
interpretation of the letters allowed the dreidel to escape their
wrath.
As to the grogger, the rest of the English speaking world calls them
ratchets. You can buy orchestral ratchets from the precussion section
of good music supply catalogs, and in much of the world, the ratchet
is an important part of the equipment you take to things like soccer
matches and new-years parties.
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Last Update March 27 2014 @ 02:11 PM
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