Top Document: Rec.Bicycles Frequently Asked Questions Posting Part 4/5 Previous Document: 8f.12 Biopace chainrings Next Document: 8f.14 Roller Head Bearings See reader questions & answers on this topic! - Help others by sharing your knowledge Date: Thu, 10 Jun 2004 10:29:56 -0700 > In the several years I spent working in a pro shop, I have never > seen a case of "index steering" (yes, we called it that) that was > _not_ caused by a "brinelled" headset - one with divots in the > races. I am 99.999 percent certain that that is your problem. What > are you going to do if you don't fix it? I suggest that you fix the > headset even if you sell the bike, as a damaged headset could be > grounds for a lawsuit if the buyer crashes. I disagree on two points. First, because you use the term "Brinell" that conveys a notion as incorrect as the phrase "my chain stretched from climbing steep hills" and second, because there is no possibility of injury or damage from "indexed" steering head bearings. The effect is mostly perception of failure from the rattling noise and clunky feel while braking lightly. It has such a small effect that it is imperceptible when riding no-hands unless the bearing clearance has been adjusted in the straight ahead position. Then the bearing will bind off center. Damage to head bearings seems to be twofold in this case because properly adjusted steering can only become looser from dimples, dimples that cannot immobilize steering. Therefore, the head adjustment was too tight. However, dimpling is not caused by impact, but rather by lubrication failure that occurs while riding straight ahead, giving the steering a preferred home position. This occurs more easily with a correctly adjusted bearing than with a loose one that rattles and clunks. Rattling replenishes lubricant between balls and races, something that would otherwise not not occur. Off road bicycles suffer less from this malady than road bicycles because it occurs primarily during long straight descents that on which no steering motions, that might replenish lubricant, are made. If you believe it comes from hammering the balls into the races, you might try to cause some dimples by hammering on the underside of the fork crown of a clunker bike of your choice. Those who hammered cotters on steel cranks will recall no dimples on the spindle, even though it has a far smaller diameter than the head bearing and the blows were more severe and direct, supported by no more than one or two balls. Bearing balls make metal-to-metal contact only under fretting loads (microscopic oscillations) while the races are is not rotating. Any perceptible steering motion will replenish lubricant from the oily meniscus surrounding each ball contact patch. Peering over the bars at the front hub while coasting down a road at 20+ mph you will notice the fork ends vibrating fore and aft. This motion does not arise at the fork end, but at the fork crown, where it bends the steer tube. Both head bearings rotate in fretting motion crosswise to the normal plane of rotation as the steer tube bends. Dimples form in the forward and rearward quadrant of both upper and lower bearings from this fretting. That they also form in the upper bearing shows they are not directly load related. Lubrication failure from fretting causes metal to metal contact that forms microscopic welds between balls and races. These welds repeatedly tear material from the softer of the two causing elliptical milky dimples in both races. Were these Brinelling marks (embossed through force), they would be shiny and smooth and primarily on the inner race of the bearing. Various testimonials for the durability of one bearing over another are more likely an indication of lubrication than the design of the bearing. Ball bearings with separate cups and cones have been used as head bearings longer than they should considering their poor performance. The question has been raised whether steering to either side would reveal a second preferred position in which the balls fall into matching dimples. Since bearing balls move at roughly half the rate of steering motion, with 20 balls, this requires a steering angle of 36 degrees for dimples in both races to match again with the balls. However, the balls do not arrive exactly at the spot where dimples are again opposite because they move at a ratio of (od-bd)/(id+bd) od: outer race diameter, id: inner race diameter, bd: ball diameter. This ratio not being 1:1, the balls do not naturally arrive at the second coincidence of the race dimples although they usually drop in. Roller bearings of various designs have been tried, and it appears that they were possibly the ones that finally made obvious that fore and aft motion was the culprit all along; a motion that roller bearings were less capable of absorbing than balls. This recognition lead to using spherical alignment seats under the rollers. Although this stopped dimpling, these bearings worked poorly because the needle complement tended to shift off center, skewing the needles and causing large bearing friction as the rollers skate. Shimano, Chris King, Cane Creek and others, offer angular contact, full ball complement, spherically aligned cartridge bearings. The Shimano cartridge bearings have contact seals, not exposed to weather, to retain grease for life of the bearing. The races are sufficiently reentrant that they snap permanently together with sufficient preload to prevent rocking (fretting) motion perpendicular to the rotational axis. Spherical steel rings, that move as plain bearings against an aluminum housing, support the cartridge bearing to absorb, otherwise damaging, out-of-plane motion while the cartridge bearing does the steering. User Contributions:Comment about this article, ask questions, or add new information about this topic:Top Document: Rec.Bicycles Frequently Asked Questions Posting Part 4/5 Previous Document: 8f.12 Biopace chainrings Next Document: 8f.14 Roller Head Bearings Part1 - Part2 - Part3 - Part4 - Part5 - Single Page [ Usenet FAQs | Web FAQs | Documents | RFC Index ] Send corrections/additions to the FAQ Maintainer: iglesias@draco.acs.uci.edu (Mike Iglesias)
Last Update March 27 2014 @ 02:11 PM
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All throughout time, we can see how we have been carefully conditioned to come to this point where we are on the verge of a cashless society. Did you know that the Bible foretold of this event almost 2,000 years ago?
In the last book of the Bible, Revelation 13:16-18, we read,
"He (the false prophet who deceives many by his miracles--Revelation 19:20) causes all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or on their foreheads, and that no one may buy or sell except one who has the mark or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.
Here is wisdom. Let him who has understanding calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man: His number is 666."
Referring to the last generation, this could only be speaking of a cashless society. Why's that? Revelation 13:17 tells us that we cannot buy or sell unless we receive the mark of the beast. If physical money was still in use, we could buy or sell with one another without receiving the mark. This would contradict scripture that states we need the mark to buy or sell!
These verses could not be referring to something purely spiritual as scripture references two physical locations (our right hand or forehead) stating the mark will be on one "OR" the other. If this mark was purely spiritual, it would indicate both places, or one--not one OR the other!
This is where it really starts to come together. It is incredible how accurate the Bible is concerning the implantable RFID microchip. Here is information from someone named Carl Sanders who worked with a team of engineers to help develop this RFID chip:
"Carl Sanders sat in seventeen New World Order meetings with heads-of-state officials such as Henry Kissinger and Bob Gates of the C.I.A. to discuss plans on how to bring about this one-world system. The government commissioned Carl Sanders to design a microchip for identifying and controlling the peoples of the world—a microchip that could be inserted under the skin with a hypodermic needle (a quick, convenient method that would be gradually accepted by society).
Carl Sanders, with a team of engineers behind him, with U.S. grant monies supplied by tax dollars, took on this project and designed a microchip that is powered by a lithium battery, rechargeable through the temperature changes in our skin. Without the knowledge of the Bible (Brother Sanders was not a Christian at the time), these engineers spent one-and-a-half-million dollars doing research on the best and most convenient place to have the microchip inserted.
Guess what? These researchers found that the forehead and the back of the hand (the two places the Bible says the mark will go) are not just the most convenient places, but are also the only viable places for rapid, consistent temperature changes in the skin to recharge the lithium battery. The microchip is approximately seven millimeters in length, .75 millimeters in diameter, about the size of a grain of rice. It is capable of storing pages upon pages of information about you. All your general history, work history, criminal record, health history, and financial data can be stored on this chip.
Brother Sanders believes that this microchip, which he regretfully helped design, is the “mark” spoken about in Revelation 13:16–18. The original Greek word for “mark” is “charagma,” which means a “scratch or etching.” It is also interesting to note that the number 666 is actually a word in the original Greek. The word is “chi xi stigma,” with the last part, “stigma,” also meaning “to stick or prick.” Carl believes this is referring to a hypodermic needle when they poke into the skin to inject the microchip."
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