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  Namibia  
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  Introduction
  Geography
  People
  Government
  Economy
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In general, information available as of 1 January 2002
was used in the preparation of The World Factbook 2002.


This page was last updated on 19 March 2003


Map of Namibia

Legend: Definition Definition Field Listing Field Listing
   Introduction    Namibia
Background:
Definition Field Listing
South Africa occupied the German colony of South-West Africa during World War I and administered it as a mandate until after World War II when it annexed the territory. In 1966 the Marxist South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) guerrilla group launched a war of independence for the area that was soon named Namibia, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its administration in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region. Independence came in 1990.
   Geography    Namibia
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field Listing
22 00 S, 17 00 E
Map references:
Definition Field Listing
Africa
Area:
Definition Field Listing
total: 825,418 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 825,418 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field Listing
slightly more than half the size of Alaska
Land boundaries:
Definition Field Listing
total: 3,936 km
border countries: Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa 967 km, Zambia 233 km
Coastline:
Definition Field Listing
1,572 km
Maritime claims:
Definition Field Listing
contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM
Climate:
Definition Field Listing
desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic
Terrain:
Definition Field Listing
mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field Listing
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Konigstein 2,606 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field Listing
diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, zinc, salt, vanadium, natural gas, hydropower, fish
note: suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore
Land use:
Definition Field Listing
arable land: 0.99%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 99.01% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field Listing
70 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards:
Definition Field Listing
prolonged periods of drought
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field Listing
very limited natural fresh water resources; desertification; wildlife poaching; land degradation has led to few conservation areas
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field Listing
party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Definition Field Listing
first country in the world to incorporate the protection of the environment into its constitution; some 14% of the land is protected, including virtually the entire Namib Desert coastal strip
   People    Namibia
Population:
Definition Field Listing
1,820,916
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field Listing
0-14 years: 42.6% (male 392,706; female 382,690)
15-64 years: 53.7% (male 490,151; female 488,052)
65 years and over: 3.7% (male 29,345; female 37,972) (2002 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
1.19% (2002 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field Listing
34.17 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field Listing
22.28 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field Listing
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field Listing
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field Listing
72.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field Listing
total population: 38.97 years
female: 37.07 years (2002 est.)
male: 40.81 years
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field Listing
4.77 children born/woman (2002 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field Listing
19.54% (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field Listing
160,000 (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field Listing
18,000 (1999 est.)
Nationality:
Definition Field Listing
noun: Namibian(s)
adjective: Namibian
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field Listing
black 87.5%, white 6%, mixed 6.5%
note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9% to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups are: Herero 7%, Damara 7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%
Religions:
Definition Field Listing
Christian 80% to 90% (Lutheran 50% at least), indigenous beliefs 10% to 20%
Languages:
Definition Field Listing
English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama
Literacy:
Definition Field Listing
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 38%
male: 45%
female: 31% (1960 est.)
   Government    Namibia
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: Republic of Namibia
conventional short form: Namibia
former: German Southwest Africa, South-West Africa
Government type:
Definition Field Listing
republic
Capital:
Definition Field Listing
Windhoek
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field Listing
13 regions; Caprivi, Erongo, Hardap, Karas, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Okavango, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa
Independence:
Definition Field Listing
21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)
National holiday:
Definition Field Listing
Independence Day, 21 March (1990)
Constitution:
Definition Field Listing
ratified 9 February 1990; effective 12 March 1990
Legal system:
Definition Field Listing
based on Roman-Dutch law and 1990 constitution
Suffrage:
Definition Field Listing
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
Definition Field Listing
chief of state: President Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA (since 21 March 1990)
head of government: Prime Minister Theo-Ben GURIRAB (since 28 August 2002)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 30 November-1 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA elected president; percent of vote - Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA 77%
Legislative branch:
Definition Field Listing
bicameral legislature consists of the National Council (26 seats; two members are chosen from each regional council to serve six-year terms) and the National Assembly (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: National Council - elections for regional councils, to determine members of the National Council, held 30 November-1 December 1998 (next to be held by December 2004); National Assembly - last held 30 November-1 December 1999 (next to be held by December 2004)
note: the National Council is primarily an advisory body
election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SWAPO 21, DTA 4, UDF 1; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SWAPO 76%, COD 10%, DTA 9%, UDF 3%, MAG 1%, other 1%; seats by party - SWAPO 55, COD 7, DTA 7, UDF 2, MAG 1,
Judicial branch:
Definition Field Listing
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
Congress of Democrats or COD [Ben ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA, president]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [Kosie PRETORIUS]; South West Africa People's Organization or SWAPO [Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Justus GAROEB]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field Listing
NA
International organization participation:
Definition Field Listing
ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Leonard Nangolo IIPUMBU
chancery: 1605 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
FAX: [1] (202) 986-0443
telephone: [1] (202) 986-0540
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field Listing
chief of mission: Ambassador Kevin J. McGUIRE
embassy: Ausplan Building, 14 Lossen Street, Windhoek
mailing address: Private Bag 12029 Ausspannplatz, Windhoek
telephone: [264] (61) 221601
FAX: [264] (61) 229792
Flag description:
Definition Field Listing
a large blue triangle with a yellow sunburst fills the upper left section and an equal green triangle (solid) fills the lower right section; the triangles are separated by a red stripe that is contrasted by two narrow white-edge borders
   Economy    Namibia
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
The economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export. Mining accounts for 20% of GDP. Namibia is the fourth-largest exporter of nonfuel minerals in Africa and the world's fifth-largest producer of uranium. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Namibia also produces large quantities of lead, zinc, tin, silver, and tungsten. About half of the population depends on agriculture (largely subsistence agriculture) for its livelihood. Namibia must import some of its food. Although per capita GDP is five times the per capita GDP of Africa's poorest countries, the majority of Namibia's people live in pronounced poverty because of large-scale unemployment, the great inequality of income distribution, and the large amount of wealth going to foreigners. The Namibian economy has close links to South Africa. Agreement has been reached on the privatization of several more enterprises in coming years, which should stimulate long-run foreign investment.
GDP:
Definition Field Listing
purchasing power parity - $8.1 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
4% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita:
Definition Field Listing
purchasing power parity - $4,500 (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture: 11%
industry: 28%
services: 61% (2000 est.)
Population below poverty line:
Definition Field Listing
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field Listing
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field Listing
8.8% (2001)
Labor force:
Definition Field Listing
500,000
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field Listing
agriculture 47%, industry 20%, services 33% (1999 est.)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field Listing
30% to 40%, including underemployment (1997 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field Listing
revenues: $883 million
expenditures: $950 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998) (1998)
Industries:
Definition Field Listing
meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products; mining (diamond, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field Listing
NA
Electricity - production:
Definition Field Listing
30 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source:
Definition Field Listing
fossil fuel: 2%
other: 0% (2000)
hydro: 98%
nuclear: 0%
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field Listing
890.9 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field Listing
0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field Listing
863 million kWh
note: supplied by South Africa (2000)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field Listing
millet, sorghum, peanuts; livestock; fish
Exports:
Definition Field Listing
$1.58 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, lead, uranium; cattle, processed fish, karakul skins
Exports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
UK 43%, South Africa 26%, Spain 14%, France 8%, Japan (1998 est.)
Imports:
Definition Field Listing
$1.71 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field Listing
foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals
Imports - partners:
Definition Field Listing
South Africa 81%, US 4%, Germany 2% (1997 est.)
Debt - external:
Definition Field Listing
$217 million (2000 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
Definition Field Listing
$127 million (1998) (1998)
Currency:
Definition Field Listing
Namibian dollar (NAD); South African rand (ZAR)
Currency code:
Definition Field Listing
NAD; ZAR
Exchange rates:
Definition Field Listing
Namibian dollars per US dollar - 11.58786 (January 2002), 8.60918 (2001), 6.93983 (2000), 6.10948 (1999), 5.52828 (1998), 4.60796 (1997)
Fiscal year:
Definition Field Listing
1 April - 31 March
   Communications    Namibia
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing
110,200 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field Listing
82,000 (2000 est)
Telephone system:
Definition Field Listing
general assessment: good system; about 6 telephones for each 100 persons
domestic: good urban services; fair rural service; microwave radio relay links major towns; connections to other populated places are by open wire; 100% digital
international: fiber-optic cable to South Africa, microwave radio relay link to Botswana, direct links to other neighboring countries; connected to Africa ONE and South African Far East (SAFE) submarine cables through South Africa; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2002)
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
AM 2, FM 39, shortwave 4 (2001)
Radios:
Definition Field Listing
232,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field Listing
8 (plus about 20 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Televisions:
Definition Field Listing
60,000 (1997)
Internet country code:
Definition Field Listing
.na
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
Definition Field Listing
2 (2000)
Internet users:
Definition Field Listing
45,000 (2002)
   Transportation    Namibia
Railways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 2,382 km
narrow gauge: 2,382 km 1.067-m gauge (2001)
Highways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 64,800 km
paved: 5,378 km
unpaved: 59,430 km (2001)
Waterways:
Definition Field Listing
none
Ports and harbors:
Definition Field Listing
Luderitz, Walvis Bay
Merchant marine:
Definition Field Listing
none (2002 est.)
Airports:
Definition Field Listing
137 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 21
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 13
914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field Listing
total: 114
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 22
914 to 1,523 m: 71
under 914 m: 19 (2002)
   Military    Namibia
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing
National Defense Force (Army, including Air Wing), Police
Military manpower - availability:
Definition Field Listing
males age 15-49: 436,642 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
Definition Field Listing
males age 15-49: 260,879 (2002 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
Definition Field Listing
$104.4 million (2001)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
Definition Field Listing
2.6% (FY97/98)
   Transnational Issues    Namibia
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
none

This page was last updated on 19 March 2003


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