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Preface - 13
A Note to the Student Taking Calculus Concurrently
- 14
0 Introduction and Review - 15
0.1 The Scientific Method - 15
0.2 What Is Physics? - 17
0.3 How to Learn Physics - 20
0.4 Self-Evaluation - 22
0.5 Basics of the Metric System - 22
0.6 The Newton, the Metric Unit of Force - 25
0.7 Less Common Metric Prefixes - 26
0.8 Scientific Notation - 27
0.9 Conversions - 28
0.10 Significant Figures - 30
Summary - 32
Homework Problems - 33
1 Scaling and Order-of-Magnitude Estimates - 35
1.1 Introduction - 35
1.2 Scaling of Area and Volume - 37
1.3 Scaling Applied to Biology - 44
1.4 Order-of-Magnitude Estimates - 47
Summary - 50
Homework Problems - 50
Motion in One Dimension
- 53
2 Velocity and Relative Motion - 54
2.1 Types of Motion - 54
2.2 Describing Distance and Time - 57
2.3 Graphs of Motion; Velocity. - 60
2.4 The Principle of Inertia - 64
2.5 Addition of Velocities - 67
2.6 Graphs of Velocity Versus Time - 69
2.7 ò Applications of Calculus - 69
Summary - 71
3 Acceleration and Free
Fall - 75
3.1 The Motion of Falling Objects - 75
3.2 Acceleration - 78
3.3 Positive and Negative Acceleration - 81
3.4 Varying Acceleration - 84
3.5 The Area Under the Velocity-Time Graph - 87
3.6 Algebraic Results for Constant Acceleration - 89
3.7* Biological Effects of Weightlessness - 91
3.8 ò Applications of Calculus - 93
Summary - 94
Homework Problems - 95
4 Force and Motion - 99
4.1 Force - 99
4.2 Newton’s First Law - 102
4.3 Newton’s Second Law - 106
4.4 What Force Is Not - 108
4.5 Inertial and Noninertial Frames of Reference - 110
Summary - 112
Homework Problems - 113
5 Analysis of Forces - 115
5.1 Newton’s Third Law - 115
5.2 Classification and Behavior of Forces -120
5.3 Analysis of Forces - 126
5.4 Transmission of Forces by Low-Mass Objects - 128
5.5 Objects Under Strain - 130
5.6 Simple Machines: The Pulley - 131
Summary - 132
Homework Problems - 133
Motion in Three
Dimensions - 139
6 Newton’s Laws in Three Dimensions - 139
6.1 Forces Have No Perpendicular Effects - 139
6.2 Coordinates and Components - 142
6.3 Newton’s Laws in Three Dimensions - 144
Summary - 146
Homework Problems - 147
7 Vectors - 149
7.1 Vector Notation - 149
7.2 Calculations with Magnitude and Direction - 152
7.3 Techniques for Adding Vectors - 155
7.4* Unit Vector Notation - 156
7.5* Rotational Invariance - 156
Summary - 157
Homework Problems - 158
8 Vectors and Motion - 159
8.1 The Velocity Vector - 160
8.2 The Acceleration Vector - 161
8.3 The Force Vector and Simple Machines - 164
8.4 ò Calculus With Vectors - 165
Summary - 167
Homework Problems - 168
9 Circular Motion - 171
9.1 Conceptual Framework for Circular Motion - 171
9.2 Uniform Circular Motion - 176
9.3 Nonuniform Circular Motion - 179
Summary - 180
Homework Problems - 181
10 Gravity - 185
10.1 Kepler’s Laws - 186
10.2 Newton’s Law of Gravity - 187
10.3 Apparent Weightlessness - 192
10.4 Vector Addition of Gravitational Forces - 193
10.5 Weighing the Earth - 195
10.6* Evidence for Repulsive Gravity - 198
Summary - 199
Homework Problems - 200
Exercises - 205
Solutions to Selected Problems - 215
Glossary - 221
Mathematical Review - 223
Trig Tables - 224
Index - 225
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