Economic Intelligence Memorandum
DEVELOPMENT OF THE EAST SIBERIAN UNIFIED ELECTRIC POWER NETWORK
CIA/RR1
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Office of Research and Reports
"'a historical rev1l-
release in full
cia historical review program release in8
Economic Intelligence Memorandum
DEVELOPMENT OF THE EAST SIBERIAN UNIFIED ELECTRIC POWER NETWORK
CIA/RR
uno
Information affecting or the United States the ecplonatf laws, and W. ihj mat-whtch into an'unauthorised person Is prohibited by law.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Office of Research and Reports
o I
FOREWORD
Tne purpose of this memorandumo describe the development of tue Eastilovolt power network. The network will provide the electric pover base for the development of power-intensiveand electrometallurgical industries in East Siberia and. In addition, will supply power to West Siberia and the Urals. Soviet long-range plans for the development of the national economy foresee tnat East Siberia will produce more thanercent of the electric power generated in the USSR
CONTENTS
Page
Summary and
I.
II. First Stage of2
of Transmission Lines
Bratek-Angarsk
Brotsk-Tayshet
Hazarovo-Krasnoyarsk
k. Kraanoyarsk-Kaaala
5. Kamala-Tayshct
Capacity and Pover Flovs
III. Second Stage of
of Transmission Lines
v Circuit,3
v Circuit, Bratsk-Tayahet-
KraBnoyarek-Mazarovo,
v6
Capacity and Power Flovs
IV. Third Stage of Development, After
of the East Siberian Network .
with Adjacent Power Systems
Appendix
Source
Summary and Conclusions
The East Siberian(kv) electric power network, vhlchow under construction, reprcncnts one of the moat importantin the planned development of tne long-term electric powerof the USSR. When completed, the network will Integrate,aeteries of large thermal electric powerplants, the world'a largest hydroelectric powerplants, and subsidiary lower voltage transmission linesv).
Production of electric power in Baat Siberia le planned to Increaseercent of the total production ln tbe USSR8oercentnd to more thanercent Of theillion kilowatt-hours (kwh) expected to be produced in that regionpproximatelyillion kwh will be produced within the network. Generating capacity of the main powerplants within the network will Increase fromegawatts (mw)2 to more0 mwr fromoercent,of the total generating capacity in the USSR.
The first step ln the integration ofv network, probably lateill be the interconnection of the present Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk Power Systems. Tbe principal components lc this first stage of network development, which will unite the powerplants at Angarsk, Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk, and Nazarovoingle system, will be the Bratsk Hydroelectric Powerplanthe Nazarovo Thermal Electric Powerplantndv circuit stretchingilometers (km) from Angarsk to Nazarovo. As productionat the Bratsk GES and the Nazarovov circuit will bo builtthe double-circuit line froa Angarsk to Nazarovo Is planned for operation When the Krasnoyarsk GES goes Into operation toward the endv line from Nazarovo westward to thc Kuzbass will be put into service, to beln several years by an identical second line. The double-circuit
* The estimates and conclusions In this memorandum represent the best Judgment of this Office aa
** Subsequent references to specific hydroelectric powerplants (gldro-elektricheskeyn utuntsiya) have been abbreviated to "GKS." Similarly, state regional (thermal) electric powerplants (gosudarstvennaya rayonnaya elektrlclieskaya atantalya) have been abbreviated to "GRES."
'1-Si illd"?
v tran8niis:>ion line will thenm from Angarsk to the Kuzbass,
Thend beyond) for electric powerln Eaet Siberia call for eventual unification of all existing and planned large thermal electric and hydroelectric powerplants by an extensive networkv lines. Powerplants will be located to utilize the cheap oources of power on the Ycnlsey nnd Angara Rivera and the low-cost coal of tbe Kuxbase, Krasnoyarsk, and Irkutsk regions. Initially, power from these sources will be used locally to supply large chemical, nonferrous, and nuclearacilities as well as other Industries under development. During the later stages of development, beginningncreasingly larger exports of electric power are envisioned from East Siberia to the Kuzbaes, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, and even the Urulu regions. Ultimately this power system will become one of the largest ln the USSR, not only providing for long-distance transmission out also having theto transfer olgnificant amounts of power from area to area be-caune of varying peak load conditions ln different time zonea.
I. Introduction
The USSR luv transmission network in Bant Siberia that initially will be integrated with the Irkutsk andPower Systems and that5 will be Joined to power systems of the Kuzbass, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, and Altay regions. vv transmission networks of both the Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk Power Systems, now operating independently, are developedtage that will permit integration withv network as it is con-ntructed {see tbe chart*}.
The Irkutsk Power System currently In operation serves the Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo industrial area by Beansvv transmission lines, the greatest concentration of lines occurring in the vicinity of Angarsk. This power network also Is Joined to BratBk byv line. Power Tor the electrified Trans-Siberian Railroad comesv lines stretching almost flOO km from Slyudyanka on Lake Baykal to Tayahet near the boundary or Krasnoyarskiy Kray. Smaller voltage distribution lines radiating from the main network serve the needs of consumers in the populated districts along the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Electric power ls currently generated by one hydroelectric povi-rplant and several thermal electric powerplants (see the
The Krasnoyarsk Power System is comprisedvv transmissionerving consumers ln the Immediate vicinity or Krasnoyarskv lines for the electrified Trans-Siberian Railroadm from Hazarovo eastward to Tayahet. of this network has lagged behind that of Irkutsk and willto lag until well Until the thermal powerplant at Hazarovo vent into operation, inhe Krasnoyarsk PowerwaB served primarily by one thermal powerplant located in the city of Krasnoyarsk.
Construction of the Eastv network will create an electric power baac for thc further growth of the^ast Siberian region and will make posBible the fulfillment of Soviet economic plans for exploiting vast deposits or lo*-quality Siberian coal and developing aheap hydroelectric power for the benefit of other parts of the Attainment of the goal for electric power in this region also will represent aa important technical achievement in power engineering, for It will integrate into one powerumber ofthermal
Following p. it. The table follows on p. U.
Por serially numbered source references, see the Appendix, t esignation used generally by the USSR to denote thermal power-plants with capacitiesw or more.
Estimated Capacity of Main Electric Powerplants In the East Siberian Power Network5
Megawatts
Power System
GES
TETs 1
Sukbovakaya TETs
TETs
Reflnary TETs
GES
Power System
TETs
GRES
GES
network a/
It lc estlmntud IhuL the actual joining of the IrkutBk andPower Systems will occur Before that time the powerwill operate
eries of the largest hydroelectric powerplants in the world,rid of the longest transmission lines ln the world that will carry the highest voltage In use anywhere.
Production of electric power in the East Siberian region Is planned to increaseercent of the total production in tha USSR8 toercentoercentnd to more Of the estimatedillion kwh to be produced in Bast Siberiapproximatelyillion kwh will be produced withinvv network of the Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk Power Systems.
- fc -
In addition to making cheap electric power available locally for power-intensive conventional industry such as production of nonferrous raetalB and chemicals, the network also will serve major nuclear materials enterprises within the East Siberian region.
The main purposev transmission is to transmit large amounts of electric power economically. v circuit, for example, canw of power,imes the normal carrying capacityv circuit or aboutimes the capacity of the morev circuit. v transmission system reliesv, and lower voltage lines, however, to distribute power to consumers.
Although construction of additional UO-kvv linesfromv grid le expected to continue, the discussion that follows ia limited to the basic development ofv powerand the main powerplants that will serve this network. Because the existence ofkv transmission Implies the movement of large amounts of electric power, an attempt also has been made to indicate generally where the power will be consumed.
II. First Stage of Development,
The first circuit of the East Siberian electric power network will extendm from Angarsk in the east to Nazarovo in the west and will be composed of five sectors, with four intermediateat Bratsk, Taysbet, Kamala, and Krasnoyarsk. This circuit will be completed1 except form segment between Kamala and Tayshet. Completion of the latter segment by the end2 will unite the Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk Power Systems andw of generating capacity in the Initial development of the network. Transfers of power from tbe Irkutsk System toward Krasnoyarskvill begin
A. Construction of Transmission
ii
1. Bratsk-Angarsk Sector
Construction of thev circuit, the most publicized, segment of the entire East Siberian electric power network, has been in progressctivation of the circuit is planned to coincide with Initial operation of the Bratsk GES/ It is believed that the Angarsk substation, the terminal point of thev line, is being constructed to supplyearby nuclear materials enterprise.
The Bratsk GES is planned for operation with an initial capacityw at the end1 and to reach its full capacity
waking it the largest single producer ofpower in the world. Because there are now no large consumers atost of this power will be sent outv lines to Angarsk and Tayshet.
ACO-nsw thermal powerplant at Angarsk, the Sukhovskaya/ also serves the nuclear materials enterprise and could be considered to be tbe power source at the eastern end ofv line.
Sector
Thev circuit has been underfor several years and probably will be completed by the end This line will passv substationwhich also servestep-down substation for lowerof the electrified railroad, jj Part of thlB substationthe railroad was put into operation/ The primaryof the Tayshet substation probably will be to servein four directions as well ae the future Tayshet
Sector
Thev circuit is underand ia scheduled for completion in the last quarterI.t will run south of the Trans-Siberian Railroad and will pass throughv substation located near the Krasnoyarsk This sector of the line will be served by the Nazarovo GRBS, which willapacityw by the end1apacity0 mw
b. Krasnoyarsk-Kamala Sector
*ype of thermal powerplant that produces both heat and electric power.
The lS^-km section ofv circuit from/Krasnoyarsk to Kamala was completed in Tbe Krasnoyarsk terminusv substation located on the left bank of the Yeniseyrobably just north of the city near the siteuture aluminum plant at Korklno. The line crosses the riverillage named Ycrroolayevo, lA/ believed to be located aboutm northeast ofand continues along the right bank of theor an unknown distance before heading toward Kamala.
Itot knownv substation Is now ready for operation near Kamula. ubatntion ln tbe vicinity Is Indicated by the fact thatES is reported to be This GRES may be the same as che Imha GRES, vhlch Is planned toapacityCO mw. Zaozernyy and Irsha are both located withinat of Kamala.
The Krasnoyarsk-Kamala line will be served InitiallyHararovo GRES and also by the Krasnoyarsk GES and theafter
5- Kamala-Tayshet Sector
From information available lt is estimated that completion of the line segaent between Kamula and Tayshet will not be accomplished until latehen the Bratsk OES is scheduled to increasesignificantly and when the first exchange or power between the Irkutsk and the Krasnoyarsk Power Systems probably will take place.
B. network Capacity and Power Flows
It le estimated that by tbe end1 there will bev connections between the Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk Power Systems, although transfers of powerimited degree could take place by means of high-tension lines currently serving the electrified railroad between the two systems. Byw of generating capacity will be connected to the network, morew of which will be in the Irkutsk Power System, and power may start to flow from the Bratsk GES west to Krascoyarskiy Kray.
v line leading frooi Bratsk to Angarsk will transmit little If any powerI, aa no significant production from tbe Bratsk GES is expected before the end of the year. The Nazarovo GRES will supplyo the Krasnoyarsk region and to the electrified railroad as far east as Tayshet. XJJ The railroad probably vill be served throughv substation at Kamala. 2 power from tbe Nazarovo GRES probably will flow eastward toward Krasnoyarsk and Kamala; from the Bratsk GES thc flow will be predominantly toward Angarsk and. In smaller amounts, to Tayshet.
III. Second Stage of
^econiJf construction of the networkalls for the additionv circuit parallel to the first and for the extension of the network to connect with the Kuzbass Power Syatem to the west. During this period the Irkutsk Power System willet exporter of electric power to Krasnoyarskly Kray.
No significant amount of power will be transmitted to the Kuzbass until Capacity of the main powerplants in the East Siberian network by the end5 (excluding that in the Kuzbass Power System) will be0 mw.
A. Construction of Transmission Lines
1. v Circuit.3
Construction of thev circuit from the Bratsk GES to Angarsk Is planned forears after ther by the end The line will parallel the first circuit and probably will terminate atv substation at Angarsk.
y- v Circuit,
Construction of thev circuit leading westward from Bratsk is scheduled when the Bratsk GES nears its peakrobably It will pass through Tayshet, Kamala, and Krasnoyarsk to Hazarovo. The Bratsk-Tayshet and Hazarovo-Kamala sectors probably will be constructed concurrently with increases in production at the Bratsk GES and tbe Nazarovo ORES, and the Kamala-Tayehet sector, as in the case of the first circuit, probably will again be the last segment completed.
3- v6
Linking of the Krasnoyarsk and Kuzbass Power Systemsv lines is scheduled to occur when the Bratsk GES reaches Its maximum output and when the first units of the Krasnoyarsk GES are put into The Nazarovo-Kuzbase connection,depends mainly on the operation of the Krasnoyarskroa which no significant production is likely Consequently, completion of thev circuit may not take placeonstruction of the second Nazarovo-Kuzbass circuit is expected to followear or two of the first.
B. Network Capacity and Power Flows
The most significant developmentill be the transfer of power froa Trkutskaya Oblast to the Krasnoyarsk Power Both the direction and the amount of power flow is indicated by the following approximate power balance for the region
i'l mined
oJ/
o 16
toto 59
The figures Bhow that5 Kraonoyarskiy Kray may beover deficit roughly equal, to the possible surplus in Irkutskoyu Oblast, an amount on the orderillion kwh. That this amount of power will flow from Bratsk to Krasnoyarskly Kray also isby other information. Available evidence indicates thatby the Bratsk GES5 will be aboutillion kwh. Thev high-tension lines and thev high-tension line that are expected to connect the Bratsk GES with Angarsk5 will be capable of carrying aboutillion kwb per year,illion kwh ln addition probably will be consumed ln the Bratsk.-Tayshet district. With aboutillion kwh of tbe production at the Bratsk GES thus accounted for, approximatelyillion kwh would remain to flow to Krasnoyarakly Kray.
No transfer of power from Natarovo to the Kuzbass is expected untilhen the Krannoyarck GES and the line to the Kuzbaes will be in operation. onsequently, the flow from the Nazarovo GRES will be eastward toward Krasnoyarsk and Kamala.
The major planned additions to generating capacityill be the completion or the Nazarovo GEES and the Bratsk GES and the Installation or tbe rirst four generating units at the Krasnoyarsk GES. The total capacity of the main plants servingv network within Beat Siberia by the end5 willaw if thew at Krasnoyarsk GES are put into operation as planned. Should construction be speeded up at the Zao-zernyy GRES ln KrasnoyarBkly Kray and at tbe proposed Azey GRES in Irkutskaya Oblast, the total generating capacity supplying the network5 would be higher by perhaps ae muchw.
The totals Include some production in areas outside tbe main power network. Production within the network5 is estimated at appro xl< aatelyillion kwh.
IV. Third Stage of Development.6
A. Expansion of the East Siberian Network
Plans for developing the East Siberian networkall for the construction of additional large thermal powerplants0 ntw) at Azey, Zaozernyy, and Abansk. The Nazarovo ORES, moreover, will be expanded to0 dm. Preliminary work Is already underway on the Ust Ilimsk GES, on the Angaram north of Bratsk, which willapacityw. Construction of the YeniseyBkm north of Krasnoyarsk,apacityw, will follow the completion of the Krasnoyarsk GES on the Yenisey/ Most of the work on the YeniseyBk GES should be completedut the plant may not be in operation until several years afterwards.
As nev powerplants are added to the network,v grid will be extended to Join them, providingeans of transmitting power and flexibility in the operation of the network. The addition of hydroelectric powerplants will allow the substitution ofpower for more expensive thermal electric power during high water periods. Furthermore, because high water periods vary on different rivers, grid interconnections between individual hydroelectric power-plants willore effective utilization of water resources. Joining the hydroelectric powerplants at Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk, Ust Ilimsk, and Yenlseysk in this way will Increase their
Other thermal electric and hydroelectric powerplants arein the over-all development plans, but the plans are too tenuous for consideration at this time.
B. Integration with Adjacent Power Systems
he East Siberian network will ba.integrated with the power systems of the Kuzbass, Novosibirsk, Tomsk', and Altay regions, forming the Central Siberian Unified Power Network. This integration will permit the use of East Siberian power'to cover peak load requirements in three different time zones, thereby reducing the amount of reserve generating capacity that would otherwise have to be available in separate power systems. Integration of the Krasnoyarsk GES with the Kuzbass Power System, for example, will reducew the amount of thermal generating capacity needed to cover peak loads ln the
In the final stage of development, the East Siberian network will supply electric power over ultra-high-voltage direct currentransmission lines as far west as the Uralsompleting thc principal plans for integration of power net works and creating ties with power networks of the European USSR. O the largest power-producing network of the country will be the Central Siberian Unified Powerithin which the East Siberian networkurnish more thanercent of the total Soviet production of electric
SCaJ-afJtlCUlaror long-distance transmission of bjlk power, DC lines have been included in the East Siberian power
however, still remain to be over-come before this type of line becomes fully operational.
APPENDIX SOURCE REFERENCES
Evaluations, following tbe classification entry and designatedave the follovlng significance:
Source of
Doc.onfirmed by other oourcee
ompletely- Probably true
sually- Poaeibly true
airly- Doubtful
ot usually- Probably false
ot- Cannot be Judged
annot be Judged
refers to original documents of foreign governments and organizations; copies or translations of such documentstaff officer; or information extracted from such documentstaffall of vhlch may carry the field evaluation "Documentary."
Evaluations not otherwise designated are those appearing on tbe cited document; those designated "RR" ore by the author of thia No "RR" evaluation Is given when ttw author agrees with the evaluation on the cited document.
Except for CIA finished intelligence, all sources in thle memorandum are evaluated RR 2.
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