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Ministries of Interior and National Defense Prisons and Interrogation Facilities Ho Chi Minh City <HCMC) Area
Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) MinistryPermanent Office for South Vietnam (MOI-B) in HoCity (HCMC/Saigon) was established in5 withfor the supervision of all ProvincialOffices (PSO's) in the southern SRV from Phusouthward to Minh Hai Province, as well as the HoCity (HCMC) and vung Tau-Con Dao Special Regionits establishment inas beenthe same department, and later general departmentthe MOI Headquarters in Hanoi. Between therison Managementwas responsible for the administrationof all central national-level prisonscamps; and, provided guidance and direction to the Vung Tau-Con Dao Special Region, PSO's whichown prisons, reeducation camps andfacilities. They also trained prison personneltoajorndsecurity service prison facilities, and throughand HCMC PSO Specialist Groups assigned to theof Kampuchea Ministry of Interior, advisedtho development of its prison system beginning January
nterrogation Department hadin the interrogation field in the southernit had no known training facilities of its own.
risons Management Policelocated inside the Chi Hoa Prison on Hoa Hung Street, HCMC. Chi Hoa Prison was the onlyprison administered byn HCMC until late
hree zones (AH, BC, FG) of the Chiwere turned over byo the HCMC PSO'sPolice Office, leavingith its own staffof one zonehich held national-leveland some foreign nationals. As ofepartment at Chi Hoa Prison was headed bySy,eputy Director. H-6police personnel were assigned to theand Detention Center (former GVN NotionalCenter/NPIC) and to theED" Zone of Chi
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Thenterrogations Department maintained its staff office inside theeadquarters compound on Nguyen Troi Street atnterrogation and Detention Center (former GVN/NPIC). as was part of theounterespionage and Intelligence Bloc between5 and nterrogation personnel were also assigned to theounterespionage and Intelligence Bloc's Tran Binh Trong and Ton Due Thang Facilities, which were former special GVN Central Intelligence Organization (CIO) interrogation and detention facilities. These three facilities were notional-level pre-trial interrogation and investigation facilities for political and espionage suspects.
Following the reorganization of the MOIeneral department structure in October the MOI-B nterrogation Department and therisons Management Police Department were reorganized. nterrogation Department responsibilities for domestic and foreign political counter reactionary, counterrevolutionary, economic security, sabotage, espionage, and national security pre-trial interrogation and investigation cases were placed underecurity Interrogation-Investigations Department (Cue An Ninh Dieu Tra Xet Hoi) of the newly established MOI General Department for People's Security (Tong Cue An Ninh Nhsnhich later became known as the General Department for Counterintelligence (Tong Cue Phan Gian/GDCI) ad at least the three above noted national-level facilitiesran Binh Trong, Ton Due Thang) in HCMC.nterrogation Department responsibilities for civil criminol pre-trial cases were ploced underolice Interrogations-Investigations Department (Cue Canh Sot Dieu Tra Xet Hoi) of the newly established General Department for People's Police (Tong Cue Canh Sat Nhan Dan/GDPP). Therisons Management Police Department was reorganized with functions split betweenrisons Management Police Department (Cue Canh Sot Quan Ly Trai Giant) of the GDPP, andeeducation Management Department (Cue Quan Ly Nguoi Hop Tap Cai Too) of the GDPS, later known as the GDCI.
The HCMC PSO's Interrogation and Prisons Management Police Offices were similarly reorganized inivil criminal and political security cases were respectively placed under the newolice Interrogation-Investigations andecurity Interrogation-Investigations Offices. Responsibilities for prisons were placed under the newrisons Management Police andeeducation Manogement Offices.
6. Thend the HCMC PSO had several prisons and interrogation detention facilities within the boundaries of HCMC which held American and foreign nationals at one time or another after5 but no unaccounted. POW's/MIA's lost in military actions during the Vietnam War.
g number of Amoric after the commun Vietnam; however
Koreans appxie Taiwanese nationmerican with U.
theMar an andst takeover onandful
On 19
or exit permits als were then re French evacuati S. military dese
eriod, an unknown ationals were stranded in HCMC the prisons system of South appeared j kHHHboutowever. South Korean and fused permits to depart. n flight carried out the fi rter statui
)OUt touropean nationals remained in HCMC, plusietnamese-French with French passports. An unknown number of foreign nationals were subsequently evacuated on Air France flights. For example,6 flight carriedmericans and dependents06 flight carriedilipinos and dependents. 16 flightassengers. including USG civilian contract employee HH his family. Three flights in6otalassengers, includinghinese,ranians,rench,ietnamese,aiwanese,apanese,erman,ritish, ingaporean. Four flights in7otalassengers,ietnamese,apanese,ambodians,hinese, erman, oreans,elgian,anadian passenger. Four flights in7otalassengers,rench,ietnamese,reek, hinese, ambodians,ilipinos,apanese, andorean passengers.
8. On the military side, the Ministry of National Defense (MND) established an MND Forward Headquarters in HCMC inside the headquarters compound of the former ARVN Joint General Staffhich was located adjacent to but outside the Tan Son Nhut Air Base. The MND Forward Headquarterseographical area of jurisdiction which was like the MOI-B. The MND Forward Headquarters was structured along the same general department and department lines as the MND Headquarters in Hanoi- The MND Forward Headquarter's General Political Department had three services which were involved in varying
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degrees with the handling of the massive number of some one million plus ARVN/GVN personnel. The General Political Department's Enemy Military- Proselytzing Department (Cue Dich Vanilitary Justice Department (Cue Quan Phap/MJD), and Military Security Department (Cue Dao Ve Quan Doi/MSD) wore the primacy MND services involved. Although overtly under the MND General Political Department, the MSD was the2 Military Security Department and the CDV was the0 Enemy Military Proselytizing Department.
of
agency
9. The MND Forward Command's People's Armed(PAVN) was given limited responsibilityeeducation camp system within its areain the southern SRV between5amps for ARVN/GVTj_weie__tra_nsferred to
the parent PAv'r:
was rarely specified.
the
external guard force personnel between5 and at least7 for reeducation camps that held ARVN personnel; however, the MJD was not responsible for maintaining reeducation camp records nor for the administration, interrogation, and indoctrination of ARVN inmates. The MOI was responsible for the administration of the reeducation camp system for ARVN and the maintenance of inmate name lists and records, and for the interrogation and indoctrination of ARVN personnel. InJD responsibilities for the ARVN reeducation camp system were turned over to the MOI'srisons Management Police Department.
PAVNparent agency unknown) was created5 under the HCMC Military Management Committee's Reeducation Board to supervise the reeducation of ARVN personnel who had been assigned to the former ARVN Saigon Capital Military Region. PAVNad several camps under its jurisdiction in HCMC and in adjacent Dong Nai Province.
12. PAVNas formed under the PAVNeeducation Management Office to administer andumber of reeducation camps for ARVN personnel in Dong Nai, Song Be and Tay Ninh Provinces and in the HCMC area. One former CDV major noted that theeeducation Management Office was headed by CDV Colonel Bui Thiep and his two deputies. CDV Lieutenant Colonels Pham Dinh Thu and Pham Ban.
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Theeeducation Management Office was colocated with the MND Forward Command Headquarters inside the former ARVN JCS headquarters compound outside the Tan Son Nhut Air Base. as headquartered at the Hoc Mon aka Thanh Ong Nam Reeducation Camp which was located inside the former ARVN 5th Engineers Group headquarters compound in Hoc Mon District, HCMC
The MJD and the CDV were associated with those reeducation camps which had an "L" or "LT" prefixed numerical designation. "L" and "LT" were abbreviations used to designate PAVN-admini5tered Inter-Camp (Lien Trai/LT) reeducation camps for ARVN personnel within PAVN Military Regions 7, nd HCMC.
Following the transfer of PAVN reeducation camps for ARVN to MOI control in the MJD was left with responsibilities for some facilities which held PAVN military offenders. The MSD also had some facilities which held PAVN military offenders. As far as can be determined, the CDV had no known detention facilities in the HCMC area or in the southern SRV.
arvn/GVN detention facilities within the current geographical boundaries of HCMC were put into immediate use by the MOI and the MND after PAVN forces entered Saigon onowever, there is no complete listing of these facilities by location. Thend the HCMC PSO have at least someetention, interrogation and prisons facilities within the boundaries of HCMC. The HCMC PSO hasistrict PSO's: 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th 8th,h, Binh Thanh, Phu Nhuan, Go Vap, Tan Binh, Hoc Mon, Thu Due, Binh Chanh, Nha Be, Cu Chu, and Duyen Hai. Each district PSO has at least one detention facility.
16. IfHLHIh^HHH UTM
coordinates have been noted for the following facilities and the date of the information on each facility has also been provided:
0 Central Chi Hoa Prison
17. 0 Central Chi Hoa Prison heldnmates during the0 period, including several American and foreign nationals who were stranded in HCMC after the communist takeover in All American and other foreign nationals were under direct central-level
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ontrol. Chi Hoa Prison is the largest prison facility in HCMC and is located at the end of Hoa Hung Street. Itotallyrisons Management Police Department administered and staffed central-level prison. Its interrogation staff was provided by thenterrogation Department which was based atnterrogation and Detention Center (the former GVN National Police Interrogation Center/NPIC) inside theeadquarters compound on Nguyen Trai (former vo Tanh) Street. echnical Department Audio Operationsompleted the installation of audio devicesumber of selected cells inside the Chi Hoa Prison andnterrogation and Detention Center in HCMC. Inheeorganized the Chi Hoa Prison. Three zones (AH, BC, FG) were turned over byo the HCMC PSO's Prisons Management Police Office. This leftith itstaff in control of one zonehich was then exclusively reserved for national-level political offenders and foreign nationals.
Chi Hoa
whoietnamesene French metise male, one
held the following numbers of foreign nationals during the: three Americans, four South Koreans (three diplomats and one South Korean army warrant officer deserter
several Taiwanese, one Filipino, Japanese, and one Malay-Chinese.
'D" and *E' wings arrested in
li was
release on
Foreign nationals were held on various floors and cells of 'Ii
of Chi Hoa. American5 and held at Chi Hoa unti
HHhiaVHflrH
was arrested in5 and held at Chi Hoa until American
arrested in5 and was held TnChiHoa until he died there in His remains were returned No other Americans were reported in detention at Chi Hoa. The French metise male and the Filipino were released during the first six months6 after being transferred from the Can Tho City PSO to the Chi Hoa Prison on5 with South Korean Array Warrant Officer deserter Choi Ky Son. The Japanese and Malay-Chinese were released In August Three South Korean diplomats, Minister/Charge d'Affairs Yi Tai Yong, Consul Ahn Hui-wan, and Political Attache So Pyong Ho, were detained at Chi Hoa between5 andpril0 when they were released.
19- Following the0 reorganization of Chi Hoa. several foreign nationals continued to be held in the MOI-B
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dministered "ED" Zone of Chi Hoa during the periodpril Cell 5. Second Floor (European-style), "E" wing, "ED" Zone was used exclusively for foreign nationals between2 and During this period, theED" wing of Chi Hoa held at least the following foreign nationals: South Korean Army Warrant Officer deserter Choi Ky Son; one Cambodian; hai; two Taiwanese (journalist Lau Yat-Seng); and, one Hong Kong Chinese smuggler. Seven Thai fishermen smugglers were arrested2 and were transferred from the Rach Gia City PSO Prison to Chi Hoa Zonehere they were held until their release in Five other Thai fishermen were in the "E" wing between4 and The Hong Kong Chinese smuggler was still detained in the Cellecond Flooring, "ED" Zone, as of Onhinese (including Taiwanese reporter Lau Yat-Seng) were released and repatriated to Taiwan on the same plane with South Korean Army Warrant Officer deserter Choi Ky Son. South Korean Army Warrant Officer deserter Choi Ky Son was detained at Chi Hoa between5 and7 when he was released. Choi Ky Son was arrested on IB5 in Can Tho City and was held at the Can Tho City PSO until his transfer to the Central Chi Hoa Prison on5 with one Filipinorench metise male.
of the Chi Hoa Prison was dividedzones (ED, AH. BC, FG) and was commanded byPhan Ngoc Rang. The EDunderontrol and was composed of two wingseldnmates. The ED Zone functioned asinterrogation and detention facility andprisoners who were sentenced from five years towell as political prisoners who had been tried andsentences. The "E" Wing had fournmatesthe ground floor (European-style first floor), and third floors; the "D" Wing was setupHCMC PSO was in charge of the AH, BC and FGapacity ofnmates each.
4 Interrogation-Investigationson Due Thang Street)
nterrogation-Investigationational-level facility of theDCI'sInterrogation-Investigationsnd As ofolonelTien aka Hai Tien was Director Tien was also
i
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eputy Director of theecurity Interrogation-Investigations Department. 4 facility aka Camp "C" (Trai C)man staff and aboutells which were designed to hold one person each. It was usedpecial detention and interrogation facility for political cases. 4 occupied the compound of the former GVN Central Intelligence Organization's (CIO) National Interrogation Center (NIC) at formerach Dang Street, 1st Precinct. Between5 and it was one of severalnterrogation Department facilities in HCMC; however, its designation was not known during this period. In4 was transferred to the HCMCecurity Interrogation-Investigations Office which moved its staff office to4 compound.
one of twoational-level where Caucasian Americans were held after
22. 4 was facilities in HCMC
Britishna^OR^ | transferred
BTnhTrong facility in"as released on4 after his family in paid.ine. MM as released later
were the of earl
payingine, known Americans to have been held4 held two Caucasian foreign nationals andther foreign nationals (eight Thai Chinese, one Japanese, and one Taiwanese),
4 Interrogation-Investigations Facility and its2 Prison
23. 4 Interrogation-Investigations Facilityational-level facility of theeneral Department for Counterintelligenceecurity
Interrogation-Investigations Department, and is colocated with the2 Prison. 42 occupy the5 National Police Interrogation Center (NPIC) of the GVN National Police Special Branch. They are colocated inside theeadquarters compound (former GVN National Police Command Headquarters) at 2S8 Nguyen Trai Street (former GVN Vo Tanhst Precinct. 42 handled only serious national-level political and security-related cases.
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or whoenter inmates
24. During the periodas known asnterrogation and Detention Center of. theounterespionage and Intelligence Bloc. The MOI-B'snterrogation Office maintained its staff officend provided interrogators for the facility. enter was the principal central-level pre-trial interrogation and detention facility of MOI-B. It was usedolitary confinement facility to detain and interrogate suspects involved in major political counterreactionary, counterrevolutionary, economic security, sabotage, espionage, and national security cases. It was commanded by Major/Lieutenant Colonel Lien. Suspects were arrested on orders from either ther HCMC PSO Counterespionage and Intelligence Blocs. Staff doctors and nurses of the MOI-B'spril Hospital were assigned to treat prisoners atenter and to review cases of prisonersho committed had lost consciousness under interrogation.
Lao
treatment
was
were ethnic Vietnamese, although unspecified references were also made of ethnic Cambodia, and Thai prisoners. Although prisoners were on occasion escorted to theth Hospital for minor medical prisoner medical records were kept
claimed he
in a
ieia xn tnis tacility between5 anduring which period he also claimed itritish journalist. echnical Department Audio Operationsompleted the installation of audio devices number of selected cells insideenter.
were no American-born citizensreported in detention after1 at4 Center or at its2 Prison. 2 Prison was commanded by MOI Colonel Le Trung Tien akand his two deputies. Majors Hoang Hongtaff officer) and Le Tien5 Foreign Counterespionage Department staff officer). 2 was divided into four zones (A, B, eld parolees,wo-story building where female and elderly prisoners were held on the second floor, andive storey-building with solitary confinement cells. During the period4 reportedlyyear-old Japanese citizen named Yoshida who was released later ina. The exact date of the release is unknown. During the period it held several captured members of the Le Quoc Tuy National Restoration Movement, such as Mai Van Hanh and Huynh Viet Sanh as well as Vietnamese members with
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and French French citizen named Mai Va4 for anti-regi sentenced to death. Huynh the MOI-B's Central Tong Le Province. Mai Van Hanh was intercession of the French France. The facility also Hoang Co Minh's resistance
citizenship. An ethnicanh was put on public trial in me resistance activities and was Viet Sanh was later transferred to Chan Reeducation Camp in Song Be subsequently released through the Government and was expelled to held several captured members of through
Tran Binh Trong Interrogation-Detention Facility
26. The Tran Binh Trong Interrogation-Detention Facilitys another national-level facility of the MOI'Bnterrogation-Investigations Department. Itormer GVN CIO Counterintelligence (CI) Directorate annex which had several solitary confinement cellsrea bordered by Tran Binh Trong, Tran Phu and Hung Vuong Streets. The Tran Binh Trong facility held national-level political and security-related espionage suspects in isolation. It held, for example, senior anti-regime resistance prisoners, high-ranking SRV officials, and former People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) Prime Minister Pen Savann.
Tran Binh Trong was one of twoacilities in HCMC which were known to haveand British citizens who were arrestedontrol in HCMC on suspected espionageAmerican1 ight crew, wereknown
at
to have been held in this facility. The Brillig crew was picked up on7 in Vietnamese waters off the Ca Mau Peninsula, and the three American crew members were transferred to HCMC on They were detained the Tran Binh Trong facility on suspicion of being American spies until their release on8 when they were given back possession_of the Brillig and escorted out of Vietnamese waters.
noted that
British citizen (nfi) who had been arrested on chargespy.
; . ixj.au ii^ Province. "III! Lwu r ; uuaL
looking for Captain Kidd's buried pirate treasure.
10
and were transferred to the in Rach Gia City on espionag
_were transferred where they were detainedhey were taken to Rach Gia ing Vietnamese laws, found gu Onhey we facility where theyransferred toeet, 1st Precinct, HCMC.
the next American known to have
the
in
been detained at the Tran Binh Trong facility. left the Philippines alone infoot dorry onwith objective of landing in Vietnam where he would appeal to Vietnameseauthorities to let his Vietnamese finance out of Vietnam, picked up by Vietnamese fishina boat Vietnamese waters on5 and was towed to Qui Nhon City where he was held temporarilyocal Border Guards Command facility before being transferred in late5 to presumed Border Guards Command compound in Danang City.
was held there until he was returned to Qui Nhon City where he was placedocal security service facility <nfi) from late May to late5 when he was transferred to HCMC where he was placed in the MOI Tran Binh Trong facility. Schwab was held at Tran Binh Trong untilhen he was released after beinq. SlO.OOO. HHB
was the lasteieTd at theran Binh Trong facility.
Ho Chi Minh City Public Security Office Detention Facilities
30. 0 Phan Dang Luu Prison aka Ba Chu Prison (DOI:as the former GVN Gia Dinh Province Le Van Duyet Prison in Binh Thanh District located athan Dang Luu (former GVN Chi Lang) Street. It was administered by the HCMC PSO Prisons Management Police Officere-trial temporary detention facility and was commanded by Major Phan Tot aka Nam. As of0 heldietnamese boat escapees. During the period0 heldnmates. Although most were political prisoners (boat escapees, boat organizers, 0 also held about eight tooreign nationals such as Cambodian Armed Forces Colonel Sonnalay Muslim businessman, and
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six to eight Pakistanis- As of0 heldale and female Vietnamese inmates in one of three detention zones (A, adale Vietnamese boat escapees.emale inmates, plusales in its solitary confinement area, and.ale Vietnamese political, boat escapee and civil criminals.man interrogation teams, composed mostly of northern MOI interrogators from Nghe Tinh ond Thanh Hoa Provinces, worked one team worked on boat escapee cases; one team worked on political cases; another team worked on economic coses; and, the fourth team worked on civil criminal cases. Interrogations were conducted by HCMC PSO'soreign Counterespionage Office,conomic Security Office, andecurity Interrogation-Investigations Office personnel. No other foreign nationals were reported in detention at this prison.
ai Loi Prison (DOI: as located on Thoai Ngoc Hau Street and was administered by the HCMC PSO Prisons Management Police Office. It held an unknown number of corrupt SRV government, party and public security officials. No foreign nationals were reported in detention at this prison.
e Ban akarison (DOI: ) was the former GVN Te Ban Prisont the end of Ba Trach Street n the 8th Precinct. It was administered by the HCMC PSO Prisons Management Police Office and held common civil criminals. No foreign nationals were reported in detention at this prison.
ecurity Interrogation-Investigations Office Detention Facility (DOI: ccupied the former GVN Saigon Municipol Police Interrogation Center (SM1C) inside the HCMC PSO Headquarters compoundran Hung Dao Street, 1st Precinct. It is directly subordinate to the HCMC PSO. Duringas hesded by Lieutenant Colonel Lam Quoc Hung aka Tu Hung and his deputy, Major Le Hieu Nghia ako Sou Nghio. Inssumed control over4 Interrogation-Investigations Facility aton Due Thanh Street, 1st Precinct, and moved its staff office into4 compound. In Lieutenant Colonel Lam Quoc Hung was replaced by Nguyen Anh Tuon, who hod two deputies, Nguyen Hai and Le Huu Nghia. No foreign nationals were reported in detention at theacility (former SMIC) inside the HCMC PSO headquarters compoundran Hung Dao.
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Precinct PSO Jail <DOI: ) was administered by the HCMC PSO's 1st Precinct PSO,man staff, and heldietnamese inmates, ivil criminals,oat escapees,nti-regime political criminals, andorrupt SRV cadre. No foreign nationals were reported in detention at this facility.
5th Precinct PSO Detention Facilities administered at least three facilities as of They were the Ba Hoa Jail on Le Thi Rieng Street, whichnmate capacity;abor Camp (Trai Lao Dong) in Tien Giang Province, which heldietnamese inmates (civil criminals, boat escapees) with less than four year sentences under the command of Captain Nguyen Van Om and his deputy. Senior Lieutenant Nguyen Van Ba; and, odel agricultural worksite, which was established in Binh Thanh District, HCMC, in No foreign nationals were reported in detention at any of these facilities.
6th Precinct PSO Jail (DOI: as administered by the HCMC PSO's 6th Precinct PSO on Ba Lai Street and heldietnamese criminal inmates. No foreign nationals were reported in detention at this facility.
Binh Thanh District PSO Detention FacilitiesAprilrison located at the Bang Ky BridgeA No Trang Lon Streetetention facilityo Thi Sau (former GVN Gia Dinh Province Le Van Duyet) Street which held an unknown number of Vietnamese civil criminals and political prisoners. No foreign nationals were reported in detention at any of these facilities.
Can Gio Detention Camp (DOI: as administered by the HCMC PSO in an arean eastern Can Gio District of former GVN Gia Dinh Province. As of it held aboutietnamese inmates {draft dodgers and anti-SRV resistance members). No foreign nationals were reported in detention at this camp.
Huynh Quang Tien Camp (DOI: as administered by the HCMC PSO's Phu Nhuan District PSO and was located on the left side of an alley about one city block off of Huynh Quang Tien Street. t heldietnamese inmates (civil criminals and boat escapees), and as ofeldietnamese inmates (civil criminals and boat escapees). No foreign nationals were reported in detention at this camp.
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40. Cong Hong Labor Camp (DOI:
y the HCMC pso'sPSO in
the Tarn Thon Hiep area of Duong Hai District, about 40
kilometers southeast of HCMC. As of it held abnut-
ietnamese inmates who had been tried and sentenced
up to two years of imprisonment. Inmates included civil
criminals, boat escapees and pavn deserters. No foreign
nationals were reported in detention at this camp.
hvas administered
by the HCMC PSO's Duyen Hai District PSO and was located about five kilometers northwest of Can Thanh Village in Duyen Hai
aoTnSat
oat escapees andinor civil criminals). No foreicm
nationals were reported in detention at this camp.
Hien,Thann Street Military Prisonas the former Y
nterrogation Center (CMIC) at XS If if Jlth^ the communist takeover
PAVN wMrh ?1 the XC Over by
PAVN which turned itAVN-administered military prison and temporary detention facility for PAVN militarydeserters and draft dodgers.
former CMIC providedndilitary Prisons. Asi978
inraat^AWOL's and deserters No
nationals were reported in detention atcliicies.
DOI-MMarrhaJ?onh2ara ^education Campasby PAVNroup
i ip7J En9ineers Group headquarters
as also headquartered in the Hoc Hot Camp and was in chargeeries of camps with an "L- prefix
llnl^Snthin the boundaries of HCMC and MR-7 The
gi^
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Military Prison (DOI: as located in Go Vap District and was administered by the PAVNilitary Justice Office. It was the former ARVN Military Prison in Go Vap. As of It heldRVN officers. No foreign nationals were reported in detention at this prison.
Cu Chi Reeducation Camp (DOI: as administered by the PAVN under the HCMC Military Management Committee's Reeducation Board,an staff, and heldRVN officers. No foreign nationals were reported in detention at this camp.
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Original document.
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