NIGERIA: THE EVOLUTION OF FOREIGN POLICY AND CIVILIAN RULE

Created: 8/1/1978

OCR scan of the original document, errors are possible

ANNEX A

NIGERIA IN THEOO0I

Nbjrn. actively svato barnard and'to* coaly tochncaojy trander to the Tltra World bat crrlrro to wrure In hiUlcrd buU ratbr, than through nooallytochactoayPrWIty flrld* foracr. oftrom abroad Inctoda poO-ewwcn aad food proc-taatoa. oatAaMon fadooaa. and tha asvafcp.

of

Ntaarta fa-aaiaao! to rahtfaraJ aaeae-

la'm taaaaww

irtaStort-*Nb^-frocrta naaka LDC aequlalttoa of wtnnotoiy to

mmmU

AJAooga eey vwawd totoraat to tha

Trada Nar-*WBcao (HTN) b> aratodtlO-gjugghng ma nufact ur lag aoctar andnarrow act of oBpartja* of the LDC LDC Baa

oo of adrFauds whUa adyoraHng LDC

a atronaj aad vocd pwponawt af "apacidi-for the Waal eeval-opad aaaatrka to al arcaa af Baa* aad for alLagaab alao concarnadee am of tba Drrarflts acenroWby to aiirlihjillu aa bto Leant

ot of ibatoatto

1

Sywaa. otto

iof mi

dootoutol Coonrrtaa Like

h Am not uaillibaato to rh3 a. Ntoarta7

mn-ra IMF otkt" frview.ook bwo cto-

ll Had nBaaria'a watatotof vato to aaac*naaKftb totol) tnWrr*ptItJ

arawaaaarata V.

SaatMd Aotirrtr. bacaaae mm

C-TT

** f1

sofors.

ANNEX ft

NIGERIAN VIEWS Of THE USS*

Pa* abowt aooal aftendoa to tha USSR aad the Uatted Stotoa Many view the US and Wad Eorotwna trfcarally mora resavast to Nbarb'i Intrrrstithow of Africaii tha Sovtrt Union. They fed lha US pXcrejaDyould only art-do mors than lha USA to brtaa abortand statins bmcflta both to Naaarta ami hi arrwa ofaoeW and rxtttfcml chaasea ta mWts Ainca. TVy ware by and tan*l Soviet aa wrfl aa

d Africa

of Nsserten fonts* pohev aboat Ihe Soviet and Cuban role ha Africa. Peaaartaae fed thai the Sovlrta and Cabana bars* Hrwd Into tbe breach ta cedar to hrtp Africans help thewuetvea SoertJkaJiy. many Nlawrtana tae tha two countries aa pkytnar an totportaat and pecaraaaao rola both In aillllarlly roctwrtlDf sowlhsrn Africa* hber-atton aaavemtata aad to WWn tnospaaflaaa Airtoaa pwnnwn maintain their bard-

View* of mm USS fto tha UranaaJ Stores

N *priarH brbrveria, aa aa al powertror* sense of all the ouWds world, thcwld Knvaalance to rehUcna with tha twoTheyIhia aa beepins to offsrt lha Inpnaka held by many Ma-rtana lhat Nbpvrlai forrtaa pohcy haa HJud awvsalvrty toward the US and aa brtpii* toNlaerta'a prpfaasn

ha US aad tha We* perloilkof

lbtoand TTUrt World TVsy is

HbWrkmDy mrmki.-m. N'ssaria'i reaUrja!he USSR aad the US haa art ahrayimm ba.ii.Llai A

The

aa<

TTb*l

mam mama N

aad rcoikbwthocal fore* to Airtoa aad lha Tied Wests!

Vtovn of USSR Rabnv* f* Africa

Nlarrtaaa Aaplay aaablvaJraf loritoc* toward It* Soviet fob hi Africa, By and suae they aaaiatato that while there era seas* arewnda for ceocara over lha Sortrta aad Cubaaa to Africa, tiwrv ant aoaaa wwwdiSrtrrla3abll pre id topi il* wtth tha nwfw* Ta* artt.

that US pssay to-ward AfricarrtrtoaDy abapad by ceaacaea *aar CotnaranM laJbrae*rtass fad ba* tha presence of Sortett aad Cabana to AlVfcaol.

' to Afrttaaa than tofrlta's prtertbas ai tha BboraOaw ol souther* Africa and the aiaioceneaca of tha torrVorial irirsrtiy of hsdaprudanl Africa* Males aaatost lha threatf tovankon. Ind, Uaev eornrnth/ mm oar So*tots aad Catena as b*hreat to Af rtoaa awOcawatoai thanhs*

African stotorirw Nam*lores to Airtoa aad ss far asa the amorallyfrtaas anrther* Africa, the Ham. aad

by rebertaas> ccnfrootaltoo on lha

NOFORN,

ra's Dtrestved bv Ntostta. Th*cceptable to nur NltertM. however.ion* as th*ivalSrospons*.

At thai becoming

Ham the mora Wormed Ntoerba* ant rs asararned aad ID at ease over tha kb ta Africa. They em la*hile, pratibtyreal powerreater potential threat to Afrit* than thehom Nbsnisns do not irgara as surrogatesehese Nigerian re.ha. thatInflame might not always b* esarted fee Airscaa causes was h,

Soviets could turn hostll* should Moscow be perceived as pursuing pohctM .hkh Nbatta viewed a* .wnbett-csl to Its own mtermti or to lb ddlHnon of Africa's Interests.

d Navti'i

my rule. Soviet prortooa of arm to soothers African hberauoa ssovefneata mbr Nc-ur. In thb regard fnaa tha Nigerian pensjoetlv^ theo boa don* wten to support liberation movcrncnb than the US Alt hough NtarerUat lend to beJtev* Isrce will b* the taslvtolenon toOletm of

at* Weataen talrtstiveettlemeW should continue to bs glvea ahowever, wah continued auerritta pressur* to taove nravtbttone for-ward Those Nlaertsa* would bs reluctant to an

awtaafosTaaahna^

bene* lor peaeeful WCth-mU roDspK TW al* reluctsat to as* ancther Asacas-trp* dvil war and th* threatuswipuau cool motahoo. Nonet heir. Ihey bebrvv th* poWblllly of future Cuban activity to rcthera Afrtca wtl spatr Western effort* to reach

The Naaatsaa* rrhsctsesrjy fssoogassa that rut African skates Bare* th* tight to arena) foreign troops to brJp peeserva their setrrtorlal IrsteagnV. Most are unhappy over the present* of say foreign troops In Africa, aad prefer to as*ttbskaw* whsa

confoct. Ne-rrla did rot approve ofr. for Soviet end Cuban help, but Somalimade it palatable. Ugot did frwas time to tun* nprea private cosaara over th*nfusion of Soviet anna sad Cuban troops Inid not d*art fill in of Rs own asedastton rf fort

f*e

bs enssWag a. aaah**rseartanl to coa-desna pubUcty the uae oferson rrl lo prfsrrv. th* territoryellow member of th* Oraantatton of Affltan Unity As for AnsssK th*an thst tha rob of the Sssvbts and

of th* MPLA to power aad wtsfaas rrswdawt Neto* rid of tbrm Ntp.iasn.oe. tone to accrpt ther**seao> toa nfcfMsrr for defenselh*outh Airksuvbached UNITA force* and I* eaeauudsto Ajawhsall Sath Atrtaut MPLA rata** the NhBsrisaa are nol Uhtty toh* Sovfet-Cahaei tsmro-cueuly.

Cbsee to bowse, the Nlgsrlaas are more sswtfttve to Sovtot aad Cuba* sctlvt* They view the Soviet and

concern. Ic*ie. fearing that Coteas* snsgbl be usedase for labrfertog to Nigerian towrml affaln during tha bassMon toub.

Views of th* UStt In th*ontort ha

of arrtcdy btbleeal rehstissa.* was* rehsbvatV aVd* tsasa th* USSR.

Visas Naascisa* look priowxuy to th* US and West rm Earop* for trade, aid. and investnient. Theylh* USSR as aa ncraasoraury sari ul Wastras-os sf

Thai i

tohask.

West aad hero* |hw tkehrredibility. OwoU. Sorkrt ecoooenic prnetrstton tasdto mcde* Th* Soviets sceount for waseccant of total fcretca trade with Ntorna at turwsd to the Savbts ta taussg yoars for

and stalflm of an oil biasing Insttrota, iwrocttwooa with other ODustrta* tohuawd sterlnd uaatiinUuetaninrowwrr. relsttvetr hnJe to show told steelsavswano* toth*

Foe ih*oe^tttor* aaav be snot* favcnble ft* moderi tncreasea In Soviet economic perwtratton. Ntoeria'a stecHalag oil pcedwrtton and rsvenoss, sod bwdgMary sualerlty pR*eetod at hast Qarwagh ftscstlt/7g, artB ossb* th* NlgrrissB to daa*

"tth Nkjerts's recent icnortK* to work awl state-to-alar* eccrwciuc arraiaarsistTjta. could provideoooortuMtW (or Sovtrt Oom. Th* arew unUrh- to toad toat WeMera aspens* |

TeoVJ.al/roWien TraJatogNfcertsns cseady prefer Waataea decree* and Irene led trsinlr*.

no adherent* to anyIdeology In either the riding mintary council ce the olfkers corpshai nay ba th* nsnsk of th* aawerd ssnhrvsJssst* of th* offken cent toward Ntoertsi bsteBeclwah. bsrsudtag boraestiuwn srsrtdkts, who aenersDr view the asifltary wilh disdain and fed tbey are less well educated and

Thaeta, accorded ndamef. email numbers of rrrhnlod rralnee* under the maarir*tralntan program that Ntorna reread* bunched la ocopeealloa with areeed foretan couMrta* aepecwJry rhe US TVee are lewer than TOO NtorrUn student* to aH Conmunut count riser mot* In th* US alce*.

e^ceastv* deperdenca on vry one sourcehe* HVB to rraard ihe USSRore

an* hav* not forauRe* lhal the US and Britain refused to aril fighter* during th* Mbpnian cMl war. while th* Soviet*act fee -Urn Ntoertoa* ere ttil r. rrlhee* k. how-vet.> aseret b* lh. Nkjerkns AJr Foro. today that,round* Weatorn fhfhter aircraft a

Ntaerlna* sho sasws an tW twed to divsestfy a*

.artery ef Loauauka LumulJy the US, the UK. India, and thewhkh Ntoarla pay* In cash. Advanced staff training foe rmndnrdiNtorrtao of Been ywady ta th* Unshed States sad the UK h

ta elsw snoe*such training at horns and has ta US sssbstonoa to deettonisa lh* Nlterlan defens* academyd(ng Institutton. TW. sea onlyoilitary mm the USSR ta Ntorrts ta with MtC-ll pUot rralalac and assst of tho small number of Ntoarisn mltttary trainee* In the USSR sr. being trslswd to maintain the aircraft. Th* Nigerians *r*Kh the quality of ear foeo* training provided byh* Inch ofaWHr. advisers, and certainly -lib th* racial sltkDoV*,

of s

serum who payMted peraonsJ iwnsrna malar pouticel feces

<>thooosroUbfy be lonslihiHl to b* ender direct Soviet lnf>urnre or control.torasall fracOoa of the Nbserisn Ml AorEJite fkPsrcttsVt

r sa Ntonisa contrlbuto to lh* prosochUM orVwUooo of Us*left, bwta avvJrooe that taw neto IL They are drownedabble of

from Nigeria's usdkjroow.it Ms Soviet

igrUftonkdkt-

outcry taver Western cwwitkr, to rvoogr-tioo of the MPLA au,*mawut csf Aassaks5 aad own-9 ofHeadtat*. .ho bsched tfa* MPLA wnismut sajsinst Its Smsth Afrt-osn-sided rtvak

on tbe that krt year dree for err. rata Theyhai wouU hava caOedarat to basckJkt state iRtowwrafori

Looking toward civlhan rub,aoriatW-OfkmUu party built around1 mrtma will probably raaa ta alUaacaaaurracwi OMuaOauararatt part*.arr ahrty laimited tore* In NWeetan potato, though the base af

fBQlKWMalCftXitV

omv may provide bftbt pokiMim with Kane ajeator ammunition ta political oaropaapung The major par-rbt tag* wfl etweta> kaaed prtnctpaJJr on rthrar and rvgtonel appeal and act on tiwtr phikaccaVp. There have been aome pubbc la Ntoarta that tha bftbt laborforaaertv

WFTU-iffllbtod group among theomponent anlone tkat naako up tha new central NMarrlaa labor oraauuaaoon. the Naprrtan Labor CmahuuU unite with aocialMb toaawlicaJ party. The

Hon of tha Naprrtanajia wear, itraa to Forbidormal Linkup. While axtalktacan count on private potttieaJ support froaa Irfnat trade unions, the US Eenbavr doabb thai lha asrtohats couldccrncaJ eaarriaga with tha oath* Nkarrbn Later Coareaa. whose wadro-

* I

emographic data

N

cWrot-tt dau

thepcceaat Africa aad the toath no.

for

A NfcjMta* rtaaargjaijriia. wrirtog to tha Leave

DnJ,hi ft ho

to hoa baas.

ItttogMB-rafha sahaBaat*mm) mml

n ih- world Birth and death ibtaattca ara onbinhed rrguliTlv onh- for Lagcs tod are noiof akaoa af Afnea. Ihe real of lha ooancrr. Than ara bo reliableroai which to flV

that3 ceneui wai ovtmewBkrtitodruchlllkn and thai tha

tBon to tho aorth than to thaII ahowad that eroralcant of lha1 Hon pec- la) fctred to tha rnwderntnanlh, Moaltoiurc that mmo tha

T4arto IJto ata. of tor al of

b trowtoiotoafata wtoch wll dowbe. tha pco-k, TVa cwrrwat erwda berthxl roar.tho sato Bml mm

aaarty tBwBaa Beitoia lb

alm from UrJtedOta than. .LN TW erewth istoka

1COOOQOOO to tha 'warty' .MB (ara.

btoBwPM

Few efrBtohv

I (OHt rawrryl Taawaerh rstob tbehtghoea. ahcarnwatty to ratoa for aaeat Weal Af rtoaa LoaaUlaa Ihaa twice the rata for Uw United

to corcaraad -rth (ha raotd growth aaaj

go

ocennlrH family pUnnlm boHarvha aocnom, ,

etbaa.enonaifcrunaal ba>srrtoua

problem for lhand bttkt educated, auaed and attntablfed wcrfcan an. ta

at lha

towm0 or

II in*

dbaar hu*rr.mhv

af Laanc waatochadta* aseaartn, a

ram eun mxm . Thavetbar eJ**a

an* uuese trau iuur unlet

Tiatt eaiii men

bora In 1BTS

e

Ago Structure

that ot other Ml* of lha

AboutanThe

mat ta the UaeM* !

The ManrUui pooulalkav ha* ir*oajthfd oa* popukabononoW IS vwan ei Injnre far lha Ua*s*t&

i ami rYojacnan aftwaartaa Naa**im by

9

al of (he new

leartana

The Labor Force TheNt

achooh,rom Ihe

RHo tho taboretaach vear, map

lha

rom tha

of lha

Mo* of the anemploytd ro (ho

of ibe-omen marri Of the roat,

the unrmr^red each veer, are unfiled raral youth, who

7*

CONOMIC CONSlDflUTrONS

hlrsJbl* forest* pokey Ntoseis bee.us* of Rs cm* km cinewmn would be coo coMl* to Nbprrte for Lawn to twduoe or CM off oil shipments escept for th* rrsort dlr* political rrsjom. To* inefulneas cfolmod toolirrthee reduced over the nrrt several you*bse-ru'i ioqgir**jruO for oil iimtol Incense ta*.

DMO a*o th*

ora ofofcuydeptesasd and food

Ecorwrwk Setting

casssiiit ha* ptoarrauJonebly well once the onert of oil produrtton two yean Prior to Indepciydeno*O. Led by petroleum etctor (tevclopcarut aadJ ootsSlisatn. rood pertonnance la aarksakura, realyowtheroral dwrbai thertOs. Teaapornry dwnneknw oMwed by th* Bairns*

- th* kat emend had0 Nt*erW, prwwwt<h>

Ptodwot (CDff)btlhonar capita income of aeariy Mon Conw-cruently. although backward by OPEC standards, lb* coontry ranks amooa the mWldln-lncomeVs and moks hhth aasoeuj African rwlghbors.

Wld. tbe fourfold lh* Ntoerssa Cover

at the payments surplus Quietly lered th*

k btlltoo tobanae Despite the**

dw

M tow to* -ill feebrom ol)ik Urban dwaflen uon, corrupt ton, and poor brio* conditions, mnklno militaryt the

military ettto

of

_ tb. bast oflodwcrlaaaed Wsstoss Arabiaessrew ofay farbn^bbaj spororinistery halfNtoarta'i erports rVeroirurnihe NtasrtanIns forvroaat of CDP.eroral ef eschnnae raurnlnsa, sadercent ef

CON

illion bsrreh par dayhe'end of this century.

k^rl of vitalaa peasant regtassfloarad anoil power thet baa placed severe strains on aunnaawat reiltiiss* with -tat paaaaaaaalcom-paniea. Lagos ana Iwpnaaf pressWtton ceiltagi an most of tba otMlrldk In many cases, these crtbnap see so bar lhat areas are tstoducis* at sssseassosnsc krvek la others, the rnshscsd Row rat* al eaaalng weQa to become clogged -lib sand. effect in* their productive capacity. Until recently, the syyverrunaent 'ocuaed Its pricing efforts on nuniintiine per-bsmi revenue* throoafa several unilateral prior Increaaas that made Nigerian ail among tha mosttensive of tbe crudes produced bv asernbees of the Casssslaattcs of IMrole-uns>Eiportlnc Countrisseaapasry profn during much ofssriod homed sroondarrel, which offnwed was tnadeausie Intrni rt flowsoatrtchla.

NBBerts Is (ergs* da* septet rWucBon eapadty has decliaaj fraansaaDtoob/cLa rwasfeh*f proper revtts* aneinte-nance to prevent wafb from sandbag opf itrwha^nd unrnUl without

na eoough new v^ trn^orxtsnoo. In addition. Legos hai bora bit bard by the increased svsilsbittry

of cbnaper North See and Alaskan otl and ha* fatted to keep pare with prlosycom-peri tors, part leu ladyonthlyslipped from an svesrge of IIast year too March, th* hswsa* to ssorv than

Sue*th* gnhs* tndiosi.d

thaiinally com log aroundvar* prsgrnanc petroleum pe*cv Lagos that atlssagtod to art cal Investment on the move again byackage of Increased taa writeoffs and other financialto eipand oil company operations and to speed upf hash-cost offshoreere recently. It haaore fVslble od pairing pobcv designed to boost sales and sUbUis* company

LM UsfstagatrtRB that YOfLci TTsif klH

ha* cut prtees twins dab yes* and Isdwomsnt to cwnowwrs who rsass Usetr Uft-beyond tk*or th*S

P*?rtOaaai UCf asfsfj taattuJ^l C p-gTll CaJbtJ flfftVt

f th* dstftaa ta od esmaets, peildeJ sam* major probbme are overcoenek Current plan* call lor building on* LNC facilityapacity of 1bilbo*tiU fart per day aad an estimated prte* tog8 billion. Foreign od companies psrtldpabng to the prefect are to provide one-third of th* coat, but they are hesttant to put up their share wMhoutfkind. The companies antkipatoan aasncistod with th* return of civilianpa has sho been unable to secure firm orders for the LNC.ounting on the US to become th* sol* market for lh* LNC es ports, but the US administration's energy program may wefl hold US purchases below what Logo* has to mud. Nigeria could be nportng LNC3 tf all lb* obstacle* are removed within tbe nest six

to OPEC aa one of Its

Nigeria ord OPEC

tNaaaCfte YtffWI

ain aba too martmbr Ma od revenues, and rts pouey. under the Obastroo regime, has been to press foe the bigbret possible oil priors. In view of prospects for only matted increases ta oU pi*odurtifrO urlrowlncmenb to maintain eeooosalc growth, Lagos can bo expected to support maximum oil prtoas.

Loyalty to OPEC sad tbe beghssbpaa to

from selling od al concessions ry prices to other Afrt-osn oansgrtas to whyupport for Rs chuns to oontlnrubd tasde**hn> Th* only reactvertsis pejtsetpste Inpecial elli Urh Usidint?iof)tB| wxtfttrtrt In ft rmm nci-Pgi lr>-crassad oil Import bUb.

Ahbough Nigeria fuSy supports OPEC, It has es-pressed dissatuf action with nstenbera atWode* toward sub-Saharan Africa, Lagosartlcukdy |ssm-dked view of tho sctMtic* of radical Arab stale* to black Afrtca. especially those of Libya and Alanrta. which ax* regarded as potontbl competitors forIn Africa. Recently. Nagtrta ha* begun to compbto that the Arab states haveended as much support to southern Africa's struggle forrsd* ss Afrtca has for the Arab pcagubn ta Use

Nigeria's agricuhural sector srlH not pkk ap th* sndripated slack In od earnings. Indeed, seryn nsral esport earnings will depend largely on favor-rather than Increased oatput.

ofthe

VaaJ

Nbwrt-B

THE NIGERIAN ARMED FORCES AND INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING

ot lh* Nloarto* Armed Fo-c.

TV Ntorrtanx*m, the War* lo bwct

bat do Mt have tho ossatblhEtoi laiitnwnc* ar*ltnuoprrt for roXalnodhoush poorly qualified torae Uwaiuapoacc*jeplna force, tha wed forces ere eapa-

bf* OafOt* AaftW bwlttwantCaf

tha os* steadyha Unitedorces at Labsooo (liMHU.

Tha Nb*ttaoerce dewo. (Evss tho Nbjarkn* mbhe met Am.odkwbe* tho lath of Brpaaaiiltoa aadhich cha/atteeljaa tha form) Thaaacalty aa Infantry fort* ecsjentsed toto fournafor rsortaraianonad to reduce lha ato* of theidt* anottlty and other capabakks bar bees sash* war for arvrral yean, but Ka aflaek a> far have bat* very Hat aad

Althoapbncvln* to phase out obaokeeent Itemi and upgrade tha quality of lb Imenfory, lhaappfi ofaadrorraDyfor ft*rta'l abilfty to support Rsceafty praetor*mfwd. and mo* anas aad rqulpenent ara purr ha ad (rasa Britain and lha USSR. Weapcaa on hand Include Scorpion Ibpw tanks; Saracenuaaiil carrt-ar* Panhard, SaladJn, and Ferrat anooredi tan and Usab drfesas ajialiii.

Ouo-ty of rVtorasd

becnene hahll.nl. il la ark* at the csprnse of lha puushaa, isaasajaa. ftrstteeady low. Tlikslia dark* reesat yaars has baa* btfud to aomeewrikas, aadw-alve oooapetlUfeprogrenLtsd training takes plsea

lootstics and Cega**sorlon

be rnoa*red to oovr aDTthtng mora lhan amO mm* ban of Nkwrtsn cms* asd their ossterkteaee-kaaptnsjeek's abtsty to trsnaport aad aupport lor iaowf toed prkaarOy to the Ak ForesiadT/tS akeraft aepgis-nsesSad bp chnl akeraft. WhsVtSOs have psrrarsaadk* to hi Bag0 Zh-

acd Taaaaato la msd-lOT. and then to aaakrk* cMl aircraft to tranaportlngt Infantry BartaJton and lb eqslpnaent to Leceaon, ssajor probbcsal of lha ar-sre puotas aialbldki of oafy area ssa*fkd eras* to ftr bath lha c- iso. sadas

The Nary.sswal pabolot espabls of cnra^jbaftog to traop IraiBpnrl ar eaoport aebrtttos tfnra hk oss hpstoapsrdka.

Aflnowgh the ArsayB eeyreadt iWi ipiHg toopktk rrstosi aba*U Uaebd Stotss Ansy loskboi wlnsihi series* probwwa for mmt tlm to tmm, Inept aahwknance naraonwd asd poor rapak practice,asheepoaa and iqaipsaiaS laheealdapiwalaa al any one nana. For inspli. the Ntoarwa Anspwehs fross lbs Ueekd Skaea. batbort than oar haul ware tougaaabk or fliii.nlln.ii and theoeyeutlae malnteaancapeooaaWei ara toadauiwta to supportoe lan*cocBbat operabcaa

ANNEX F

the nigerian ministry of external affairs

Nbjrrland btrnrJ AfftinA) Ii

heeded byc.nasallyof the

Supreaw Ml Mary Coned (SMCX Iheodyrrwm Nlorrt* Tib) cwtWai Con Henry Adefop* Tbea-sbtsdareer Maff WadrdWM Secretary. Tbe ranklns civil rervanl wlihto Ihe Mlak> Iry, (he Permanent Secretary irrvra ai brad of Ihe Ministry's Ctrl) errvtce nUbJtuWrrfhe chief aoVber ha dbt ei inkier Theeha Utrete* Theivided tab)eta Hons, whkh appear la the Nknrian Office Directory at foeewc

Protocoll nWri Hon Department Economic Depaitiuent Consular end Leans iBpertaaeol Pasaport Sectton (Mernal Llalaon Unit Intcrnanond OpaoUaikon Departmawt Idortvasttas and Cahvral Pa part mat European Deuaitiassl Pllertmase Coramknon Autrricas Department Alia andartmeot Oi atuaa CccnwigrataOcna Branch Interna] Audit

There are approalmetrry QO prufcaalie ada/guas> proferatanab ta ihe MEA Make poller daxistane ambv the ayataraad MEA dfkkh, but thereadlvkhasb ta the MEA. ranstae from hbh to mktdk level who are Involved In the polkymakins area. (That number excludes members nf these departments concamrd wtth tatarasi mm4 sshsbaktrinfnctJoat)

These acrenrmembers ssost Involved ta feeekm poller decktom attendedooh la the United (liwdom.en, Okaarhaa Obaaeato. Chalrsaen of theam Thaophlkai T.isay Chkf of Staff: asd Brts Shwho Tw'AoW. Chkf of Staff, Sap. erne Haedouancra. MEA Pemanant Secretary Ohasba. was edneskd ta Ihe United Stales and has an advanced daapss ta

aaskwhsid The ton faefhsrntta) MCA

member, who have seen) Input Into ptCkymailne tdocsbd primarily In Nl

The averse* hbh- andH MEAa hto fortks and pursued hb harbor studio in Nkerk,ood number attended srhcok abroad, predomj-namly In lbs Uniied Rnsdom and the Utdbdalah percrotaas of these off leers an career furrtcn dftoert:

Nkwia has sccredikd ambassadors to all bet nine ofountries withas diplomatic rehires. Ir abo has representaUm at the linked Nations, al the Earopeaa Economic Conjosonfty, sad wttfc lha Va

Aysllabb Information todlcakshec-eredJud Nbjertoa asshaasdssieceivedh-er cahonttab ta the Uskkd DaaaMa. vfth approsi-matriy five havtof .arhkvwd an aevancsd deerte.kesn ta law The moat freoaeothr encoded British schcob are theondon.Odord. Uncoln'a Inn, and the Rnyd Military Academy (VndburnX Three isihiirlim iscetved thr* poabweewokry edwmnne to the Usthd States asd attended Harvard and Cornel sad theonnerrkvt and Pliubeish. Two aihawwion were educated to France and Italy. The remaining ambaim dors raeetved their hasher ids cab aa to Nkavto. Thebnrtas ehaheaata base MEAbwt thereew whose barSproMvh are hiorffairs. Sceae have seass throoah the -sab of regtond eoerreasewl and later UHO the MEA.

NtaerWn [bbmIb wiry la mm from (war torvdlviduak Moat ea* lha NawrUn mbatona la Afrtca ara relatlvrivrumple, tour titdlrtduab In The- Gambia,a Tanzania, wna ta Kenya, and rdn*un. There ara. however. IS In Dhkoia. presumably In partf lh* presence of lh* Cvyjuwxattoa of African UnifyW Ntarrtans haw* cichtt their Embassy In Twiey. II laartnanv.n France, andn Coral Britain: the USSRhil* Romania ha* fhw. Ther* mm fhw Naarrtaa* ta japan. II In th* Psople'i RepubHc of

China, two In Iraq. II In TunleU. andn Saudi Arabia. Ther* arerrhviiwsb ha lh* Nlaeriwi Einbaarv In the Untied Sortss and IS at th* UN Mission.

I* the hat few years, th* PMC ha* atrenwd an Inceeaae hecibttss andJaeothtv of educationtria,4 lh* university enroB-awnt fan0 Thai mm he the tanpav Mn* of attend lath* tiautn waufclaa. an an Wetense In tha number of totally Nayrrtan-trained dtpfcwiati and ao**rnrnent offlciak

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