CIA SPECIAL COLLECTIONS RELEASE AS0
INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM
FLOW OF PETROLEUM IN THE SOVIET BLOC EUROPEAN2
CIA/RR33
NATIONAL MEANING OF THE, WHICH IN
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INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Office of Research and Rcporfs
Page
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Soviet Zone of
3- East
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Appendixes
Appendix A.
Appendix B. Gaps in
Appendix C. Sources and Evaluation of
i
now of petrousumtheloc
european2
Summary and Conclusions
The European Satellitesotaletric tons of crude oil and petroleum products across international boundaries Of thisO0 metric tone were shipped to thcetric tons, to the European0 metric tons, to the Asiatic Satellites;etric tons, outside the Soviet Bloc. At the same time, the European Satellitesetric tons of petroleum products from tho USSRetric tons of crude oil and petroleum products from other countries in the Soviet Bloc. Imports of petroleum by the European Satellites from outside tho Soviet Bloc were negligible The net trade balance of the European Satellites with the rest of the world shows net exportsetric tons of crude oil and petroleumto the USSR, net exports to the Asiatic Satellites0 metric tons of petroleum products, and net exports outside the Soviet Blocetric tons of petroleum products. Ofetric tons of net exports,etric tons were crude oil.
Tableummarizes the exports and imports of crude oil and petroleum products made by each European Satellite and by the European Satelliteshole
The net exporting countries among the European Satellites2 were, ln order of importance, Rumunia, the Soviet Zone of Austrlu, Albania, ond East Germany. Among these, the Soviet Zone of Austria and Albania uere the only exporters of crude oil. All of thesewere net exporters of petroleum products. Bulgaria,and Poland were net Importers of petroleum, whereas Hungary's Imports of crude oil and exports of petroleum products were very nearly equal.
* This memorandum contains information available as ollows on p. 2.
j |
Rumania la by far thc most important oource of supply forin tho Europeanfillion metric tons of petroleum products obtained from indigenous crude oil,illion metric tons, or almost qr> percent, were exported to other countries of the Soviet Bloc and to Western Europe. Theseincludedercent distillates andercent residuals and Included no whole crude oil.
*
hows the shipments out of Rumaniay country of destination and by major product groups.
Tabic 2
Exports of Petroleum Products from2
Thousand Metric Tons
i j* t
2j
3/
Germany 4/
5/
6/
JJ
8/
For East 9/
10/
11/
12^
Railroad tank cars and seagoing tankers vers the major means of carrying these exports to their destinations- Overercent of the total was shipped out by tanker from Constanta and an additionalercent was exported by rail- The remainder left the country by pipeline to the USSR and by river barge on the Danube River.
Dnports into Rumania were negligible. Small quantities of high-octane aviation gasoline. Jet fuel, and special lubricants vereby the USSR. In addition, some bitumen waa imported from Albania. Tbe total from both countries probably did not amountCOO metric tonsessercent of Rumanian exports.
2. Soviet Zone of Austria.
The Soviet Zone of Austria is the second largest exporter of petroleiSB among the European Satellites. Only aboutercent of theillion metric tons of crude oil produced2 remained in the Soviet Zone of Austria. Of moreillion metric tons moved out,percent was In the form of crude oil;ercent, distillates; andercent, residuals. It is possible that as much as three-quarters of these exports left the Vienna area by way of the Danube River and that the remainder was carried away by railroad tank cars. By the terms of the occupationthe Russians supply the entire Austrian economy with thepetroleum products. The Western Zones of Austria are the only areas outside tho Soviet Bloc that received any of the exports from tho Soviet Zone of Austria
Tablehows the amounts and destination* of crude oil and petroleum products exported from the Soviet Zone of Austria in
As far as is known, there were no Imports of petroleiso products into tho Soviet Zone of Austria, with the possible exception of small quantities of aviation fuels for the supply of the Soviet air units in the area.
3- East Germany.
Seventy percent of theetric tons of petrolciaa products exported from East Germany went to the USSR. Of tho total
* ollows on p. 6.
exports,ercent was ln the form of distillates, with thevery small amount In the form of lubricants. hows the destination of East German exports.
Table 3
Exports of Petroleum from the Soviet Zone of Austria
Destination
astestern Zones of
Total
Exports of Petroleum Products from East2
Thousand Metric Tens
Germany
all these exports left East Germany by rail. There were, however, occasional shipments by tanker by way of Stettin (Szczecin) in Poland.
East Germanyons of crude oil from the Soviet Zone of Austria In addition,0 metric/ of high-octane gasoline were shipped In from the USSR,with0 metric tons of lubricants from tbe USSR, Hungary, and Rumania.
*. Hungary.
Hungary's estimated total exports of petroleimi2 amounted toetric tons, with overercent going to the USSR. It is believed that these shipments were carried about equally by rail and by river barge on the Danube River. hows theion of these exports by type and quantities.
Table 5
Exports of Petroleum Products from2
Thousand Metric Tons
0
5
Residuals Total
65
*oo
USSR 2h/ PolandEast
Total
ungaryetric tons of petroleum from the other countries of the Soviet Nearlyercent of these imports were In the form of crude oil and residuals for processing in the Hungarian refineries. As shown inndustria supplied Hungaryetric tons of crude oil0 metric tons of residualsnd Rumania0 metric tons of residuals. In addition, Hungary0 metric tons of distillates from Austria and Rumaniamall quantity of lubricants from the USSR.
Almostercent ofetric tone of exporta of petroleum2 were In the form of crude oil, with the remainder In the form of bitumen. All of these exports were handled by tanker out of the port of Vlone. hows these shipments byand type.
Table 6
Exports of Petroleum from Albania
Thousand Metric Tons
Destination
Oil
27/
26/
31/
lbania Importedetric tons of aviation gasoline and other special products from the USSR and aO.OOO metric tone of petroleum products from Rumania.
In most cases the flov of crude oil and petroleum products has been estimated directly from Intelligence reports giving monthly shipment figures. The import-export pattern for Eaet Germany was derived by utilizing intelligence on tbe movement of tank cars through the border-crossing points and froa information on planned imports and exports. Exports to thc USSR from the Europeanvere estimated on tbe basic of Intelligence on the traffic on the Danube River, port information, and Information on the capacities of rail transfer points and pipelines. Available information on movements of both tanker and railroad tank cars was also utilized.
The export and Import data presented In this memorandum areon the basis of tbe final destination of movements. The data, therefore, do not Include estimates of crude oil and' petroleumIn transit through Intermediate countries.
The2 was chosen for analysis because data for this year are superior to data available for earlier years.
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GAPS IN INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence information on East Germany, on thc Soviet Zone of Austria, and on the tanker shipments out of Coristanta through the Bosporus is believed to be good. Information on Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Albania ts only fair. The most critical gaps exist in information on Bulgaria and on shipments by rail andfrom Rumania. Except in the cases of East Germany and the Soviet Zone of Austria, reliable intelligence on the flow ofbetween the European Satellites and the USSR is almostlacking.
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APPENDIX C
SOURCES AND EVALUATION OF SOURCES
of Sources.
Taken Individually, most of tile sources used in preparing this memorandum are considered to be at least possibly true (as indicated below). The over-all consistency of the resultssing these sourcesritical fashion is considered sufficiently good to Justify the conclusion that the resulting estimates are accurateargin of error of plus or minusercent.
Evaluations, following the classification entry and designatedave the following nignificance:
Source of
A
Completely reliable
Confirmed by other sources
Usually reliable
Probably true
Fairly reliable
Possibly true
Not usually reliable
Doubtful
Not reliable
Probably false
Cannot be Judged
Cannot be judged
not otherwise designated are those appearing on the cited document; those designated "RR" are by the author of this No "RR" evaluation is River, wncn thc author agrees with the evaluation of thc cited document.
Original document.
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