| Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block] |
9.
STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
Description of
Plan
On
March 29, 2000, the Company’s stockholders and
board of directors approved the 2000 Omnibus Stock Plan (the
“2000 Plan”), as amended, under which 2,969,000
shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for
issuance to directors, officers, employees, and
consultants. With the adoption of the 2007 Plan
discussed below, the Company no longer grants awards under
the 2000 Plan.
On
August 22, 2007, the Company’s board of directors
approved the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2007
Plan”), under which up to 3,000,000 shares of the
Company’s common stock may become available for
issuance. At the adoption date, 1,526,425 shares were
reserved for issuance. The reserved amount will increase by
300,000 shares at each of the five anniversaries of the
adoption date, for a maximum of 3,000,000 shares issuable
under the 2007 Plan.
Options
granted under the 2000 Plan and the 2007 Plan may be
incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options. Both
the 2000 Plan and the 2007 Plan provide that the exercise
price of incentive stock options must be at least equal to
the market value of the Company’s common stock at the
date such option is granted. For incentive stock option
grants to an employee who owns more than 10% of the
outstanding shares of common stock of the Company, the
exercise price on the incentive stock option must be 110% of
market value at the time of grant. Granted options expire in
ten years or less from the date of grant and vest based on
the terms of the awards, generally ratably over four
years.
Prior
to December 19, 2007, there was no public market for the
Company’s common stock. Accordingly, the board of
directors determined the market value of the common stock at
the date of grant by considering a number of relevant
factors, including the Company’s operating and
financial performance and corporate milestones achieved, the
prices at which shares of convertible preferred stock in
arm’s-length transactions were sold, the composition of
and changes to the management team, the superior rights and
preferences of securities senior to the common stock at the
time of each grant and the likelihood of
achieving a liquidity event for the shares of common stock
underlying stock options.
On
December 9, 2009, the Company’s board of directors
approved the 2009 Nonqualified Inducement Stock Option Plan
(the “2009 Plan”) with an effective date on
January 15, 2010, the closing date of the acquisition of
Crossbow assets. Under the 2009 Plan, up to 1,250,000 shares
of the Company’s common stock may become available for
issuance. On December 23, 2010, the Company’s board of
directors approved an Amended and Restated 2009 Nonqualified
Inducement Stock Option Plan (the “Amended and Restated
Plan”) and an increase in shares of the Company’s
common stock available for issuance under the Amended and
Restated Plan from 1,250,000 to 2,500,000. Except as
otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee of the
Company’s board of directors, the form of option to be
employed under the Amended and Restated Plan shall be
substantially identical to the form of nonqualified option
customarily used under the Company’s 2007 Stock
Incentive Plan.
On
June 29, 2011 at its Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the
Company’s stockholders and board of directors approved
the amendment and restatement of the Company’s 2007
Plan. The Amended and Restated 2007 Plan
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permits
the granting of restricted stock units
(“RSU”), performance-based stock awards
and stock appreciation rights;
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eliminates
the ability to reprice options;
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extends
the expiration date of the plan to June 29,
2021;
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provides
that awards may qualify as “performance-based
compensation” under Section 162(m) of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;
and
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incorporates
certain other administrative provisions.
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The
approval of the amendment and restatement of the 2007 Plan
does not change the number of shares available for awards
under the 2007 Plan.
Valuation
of Stock Options
The
Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to
calculate the grant-date fair value of an option award. The
key input assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option
pricing model include: (i) the risk-free interest rate
is based on the yield available on U.S. Treasury
zero-coupon bonds at the date of grant with maturity dates
approximately equal to the expected life at the grant date,
(ii) the expected life of the options is based on
evaluations of historical and expected future employee
exercise behavior; (iii) volatility is based on the
implied volatility of the Company’s common stock, which
the Company believes results in the best estimate of the
grant-date fair value of employee stock options because it
reflects the market’s current expectations of future
volatility. Prior to January 1, 2010, due to limited
historical information on the volatility of the
Company’s common stock, the Company determined the
volatility for options based on an analysis of reported data
for a peer group of companies that issued options with
substantially similar terms; and (iv) dividend yield of
zero, as the Company has not paid dividends in the past and
it does not expect to in the foreseeable future. The Company
utilizes historical data to estimate pre-vesting forfeitures
and records stock-based compensation expense only for those
awards that are expected to vest.
The
Company did not grant any stock options during the first
quarter of 2012. The weighted-average fair value per share of
the options granted during the three months ended March 31,
2011 was $1.81, utilizing the following assumptions:
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Three
months ended
March
31,
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2012
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2011
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Volatility
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NA
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64%
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Expected
dividend yield
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0%
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0%
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Expected
life
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NA
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5.8
years
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Risk
free interest rate
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NA
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2.34%
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Forfeitures
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36%
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38%
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The
Company accounts for stock options granted to consultants
using the fair value method for the calculation of
compensation cost. For the three months ended March 31,
2012 and 2011, the Company recorded compensation expense for
stock option grants to consultants in the amount of $0 and
$10,700, respectively.
At
March 31, 2012, total unrecognized stock-based
compensation expense for stock options granted to the
Company’s employees and directors was approximately
$1.8 million.
The
stock option activity under the 2000, 2007 and 2009 Stock
Plan is as follows:
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Aggregrate
Intrinsic
Value
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Options
outstanding at January 1, 2012
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2,338,805
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$
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5.00
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6.5
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$
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1,131,474
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Granted
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-
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-
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-
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-
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Exercised
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(11,655
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1.97
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-
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-
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Cancelled
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(33,863
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3.21
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-
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-
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Options
outstanding at March 31, 2012
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2,293,287
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$
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5.04
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6.3
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$
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1,819,241
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Options
vested at March 31, 2012
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1,425,062
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$
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4.64
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5.1
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$
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1,473,487
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Available
for grant at March 31, 2012
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2,774,338
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The
intrinsic values (aggregate market value minus aggregate
exercise price) of stock options exercised during the three
months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 were $17,259 and
$5,720, respectively. The total fair value of options vested
during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 was
approximately $164,000 and $406,000, respectively.
Stock-based
compensation expenses related to stock options, restricted
stock awards (“RSAs”) and RSUs were charged to
the following expenses:
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Three
months ended
March
31,
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2012
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2011
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Research
and development
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$
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44,252
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$
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121,194
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Sales
and marketing
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67,721
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66,015
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General
and administrative
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210,954
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214,206
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Total
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$
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322,927
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$
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401,415
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The
Company accounted for RSAs and RSUs using the fair value at
the date of the grant for the calculation of compensation
cost. For the three months ended March 31, 2012, the Company
recorded compensation expense for RSAs and RSUs in the amount
of $67,000 and $70,000 respectively.
As of March 31,
2012, total unrecognized compensation expenses related to
non-vested RSAs and RSUs were $0.2 million and $2.3 million,
respectively. These expenses are expected to be recognized
over a weighted average period of 3.0 years for RSAs and 3.6
years for RSUs.
A summary of RSA
activity for the three months ended March 31, 2012 is as
follows:
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Shares
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Nonvested
at January 1, 2012
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140,000
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$
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3.41
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Awarded
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-
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-
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Vested
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-
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-
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Forfeited
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-
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-
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Nonvested
at March 31, 2012
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140,000
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$
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3.41
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A summary of RSU
activity for the three months ended March 31, 2012 is as
follows:
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Shares
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Nonvested
at January 1, 2012
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534,000
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$
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3.12
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Awarded
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301,000
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3.39
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Vested
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-
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-
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Forfeited
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(64,000
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2.99
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Nonvested
at March 31, 2012
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771,000
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$
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3.24
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