Wang, Cambridge
Annie I-Jen Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20120112152 | ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED SQUISHABLE COMPOSITE SWITCH - A method and apparatus for making analog and digital electronics which includes a composite including a squishable material doped with conductive particles. A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device has a channel made from the composite, where the channel forms a primary conduction path for the device. Upon applied voltage, capacitive actuators squeeze the composite, causing it to become conductive. The squishable device includes a control electrode, and a composite electrically and mechanically connected to two terminal electrodes. By applying a voltage to the control electrode relative to a first terminal electrode, an electric field is developed between the control electrode and the first terminal electrode. This electric field results in an attractive force between the control electrode and the first terminal electrode, which compresses the composite and enables electric control of the electron conduction from the first terminal electrode through the channel to the second terminal electrode. | 05-10-2012 |
20140091409 | APPLICATIONS OF CONTACT-TRANSFER PRINTED MEMBRANES - The disclosed embodiments provide sensitive pixel arrays formed using solvent-assisted or unassisted release processes. Exemplary devices include detectors arrays, tunable optical instruments, deflectable mirrors, digital micro-mirrors, digital light processing chips, tunable optical micro-cavity resonators, acoustic sensors, acoustic actuators, acoustic transducer devices and capacitive zipper actuators to name a few. | 04-03-2014 |
20150228805 | ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED SQUISHABLE COMPOSITE SWITCH - A method and apparatus for making analog and digital electronics which includes a composite including a squishable material doped with conductive particles. A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device has a channel made from the composite, where the channel forms a primary conduction path for the device. Upon applied voltage, capacitive actuators squeeze the composite, causing it to become conductive. The squishable device includes a control electrode, and a composite electrically and mechanically connected to two terminal electrodes. By applying a voltage to the control electrode relative to a first terminal electrode, an electric field is developed between the control electrode and the first terminal electrode. This electric field results in an attractive force between the control electrode and the first terminal electrode, which compresses the composite and enables electric control of the electron conduction from the first terminal electrode through the channel to the second terminal electrode. | 08-13-2015 |
20150228916 | BOTTOM-UP ULTRA-THIN FUNCTIONAL OPTOELECTRONIC FILMS AND DEVICES - The embodiments disclosed herein are directed to optoelectronic devices based, on ultra-thin, lightweight and in-situ deposited parylene substrates, as well as methods of manufacture. Using a bottom-up approach, a readily releasable parylene thin film can be used for fabricating thin film electronic and optoelectronic systems on the thin and light substrates having thicknesses in the nanometer to low micron range. The disclosed method enables the integration of forming a parylene substrate with, the fabrication of a complete photovoltaic device under a fully contained, controlled environment. | 08-13-2015 |
20150268461 | APPLICATIONS OF CONTACT-TRANSFER PRINTED MEMBRANES - The disclosed embodiments provide sensitive pixel arrays formed using solvent-assisted or unassisted release processes. Exemplary devices include detectors arrays, tunable optical instruments, deflectable mirrors, digital micro-mirrors, digital light processing chips, tunable optical micro-cavity resonators, acoustic sensors, acoustic actuators, acoustic transducer devices and capacitive zipper actuators to name a few. | 09-24-2015 |
20150309306 | APPLICATIONS OF CONTACT-TRANSFER PRINTED MEMBRANES - The disclosed embodiments provide sensitive pixel arrays formed using solvent-assisted or unassisted release processes. Exemplary devices include detectors arrays, tunable optical instruments, deflectable minors, digital micro-mirrors, digital light processing chips, tunable optical micro-cavity resonators, acoustic sensors, acoustic actuators, acoustic transducer devices and capacitive zipper actuators to name a few. | 10-29-2015 |
20150311664 | METHOD AND APPLICATIONS OF THIN-FILM MEMBRANE TRANSFER - The disclosure relates to method and apparatus for micro-contact printing of micro-electromechanical systems (“MEMS”) in a solvent-free environment. The disclosed embodiments enable forming a composite membrane over a parylene layer and transferring the composite structure to a receiving structure to form one or more microcavities covered by the composite membrane. The parylene film may have a thickness in the range of about 100 nm-2 microns; 100 nm-1 micron, 200-300 nm, 300-500 nm, 500 nm to 1 micron and 1-30 microns. Next, one or more secondary layers are formed over the parylene to create a composite membrane. The composite membrane may have a thickness of about 100 nm to 700 nm to several microns. The composite membrane's deflection in response to external forces can be measured to provide a contact-less detector. Conversely, the composite membrane may be actuated using an external bias to cause deflection commensurate with the applied bias. Applications of the disclosed embodiments include tunable lasers, microphones, microspeakers, remotely-activated contact-less pressure sensors and the like. | 10-29-2015 |
20150357142 | ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICE - Electromechanical devices described herein may employ tunneling phenomena to function as low-voltage switches. Opposing electrodes may be separated by an elastically deformable layer which, in some cases, may be made up of a non-electrically conductive material. In some embodiments, the elastically deformable layer is substantially free of electrically conductive material. When a sufficient actuation voltage and/or force is applied, the electrodes are brought toward one another and, accordingly, the elastically deformable layer is compressed. Though, the elastically deformable layer prevents the electrodes from making direct contact with one another. Rather, when the electrodes are close enough to one another, a tunneling current arises therebetween. The elastically deformable layer may exhibit spring-like behavior such that, upon release of the actuation voltage and/or force, the separation distance between electrodes is restored. Thus, the electromechanical device may be actuated between open and closed switch positions. | 12-10-2015 |
Chiao-Chun Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20100098742 | FABRICATION OF TISSUE LAMINA USING MICROFABRICATED TWO-DIMENSIONAL MOLDS - Methods and materials for making complex, living, vascularized tissues for organ and tissue replacement, especially complex and/or thick structures, such as liver tissue is provided. Tissue lamina is made in a system comprising an apparatus having (a) a first mold or polymer scaffold, a semi-permeable membrane, and a second mold or polymer scaffold, wherein the semi-permeable membrane is disposed between the first and second molds or polymer scaffolds, wherein the first and second molds or polymer scaffolds have means defining microchannels positioned toward the semi-permeable membrane, wherein the first and second molds or polymer scaffolds are fastened together; and (b) animal cells. Methods for producing complex, three-dimensional tissues or organs from tissue lamina are also provided. | 04-22-2010 |
Daniel I. C. Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20090011493 | DEVICE CONTAINING CYTOPHILIC ISLANDS THAT ADHERE CELLS SEPARATED BY CYTOPHOBIC REGIONS - The invention provides a device for adhering cells in a specific and predetermined position, and associated methods. The device includes a plate defining a surface and a plurality of cytophilic islands that adhere cells, isolated by cytophobic regions to which cells do not adhere, contiguous with the cytophilic islands. The islands or the regions or both may be formed of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). | 01-08-2009 |
Daqing Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20140004100 | IMMUNE REGULATORY OLIGONUCLEOTIDE (IRO) COMPOUNDS TO MODULATE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR BASED IMMUNE RESPONSE | 01-02-2014 |
Dechao Wang, Cambridge GB
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20080286754 | Mutational profiles in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase correlated with phenotypic drug resistance - The invention provides novel mutations, mutation combinations or mutational profiles of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and/or protease genes correlated with phenotypic resistance to HIV drugs. More particularly, the present invention relates to the use of genotypic characterization of a target population of HIV and the subsequent correlation of this information to phenotypic interpretation in order to correlate virus mutational profiles with drug resistance. The invention also relates to methods of utilizing the mutational profiles of the invention in databases, drug development, i.e., drug design, and drug modification, therapy and treatment design, clinical management and diagnostic analysis. | 11-20-2008 |
Deping Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20160039825 | S1P AND/OR ATX MODULATING AGENTS - Compounds of formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, can modulate the activity of one or more SIP receptors and/or the activity of autotaxin (ATX). | 02-11-2016 |
Evelyn Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20130244001 | Superhydrophobic Nanostructures - Condensation can he an important process in both emerging and traditional power generation and water desalination technologies. Superhydrophobic nanostructures can promise enhanced condensation heat transfer by reducing the characteristic size of departing droplets via a surface-tension-driven mechanism. A superhydrophobic surface can include nanostructures of a metal oxide having further surface modification. | 09-19-2013 |
20140298811 | THERMAL PULSE ENERGY HARVESTING - A device for thermal energy harvesting can use pulsed heat. | 10-09-2014 |
20160033212 | ENHANCED FLOW BOILING HEAT TRANSFER IN MICROCHANNELS WITH STRUCTURED SURFACES - A two-phase microchannel heat sink can be a fluid channel including a bottom wall including a superhydrophilic surface with microstructures and a side wall including a surface that is hydrophobic relative to the superhydrophilic surface of the bottom wall. When heat flux is applied to the fluid channel, a liquid film on the bottom wall is maintained and nucleation of boiling occurs only on the side wall. | 02-04-2016 |
Evelyn N. Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20100170660 | HEAT EXCHANGERS AND RELATED METHODS - Heat exchangers and related methods, e.g., methods of reducing heat from a load, are disclosed. In some embodiments, a device includes a stationary element defining a cavity, a movable element, and a first heat pipe in fluid communication with the cavity defined by the stationary element. | 07-08-2010 |
20130059123 | SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES - Surfaces having a hierarchical structure—having features of both microscale and nanoscale dimensions—can exhibit superhydrophobic properties and advantageous condensation and heat transfer properties. The hierarchical surfaces can be fabricated using biological nanostructures, such as viruses as a self-assembled nanoscale template. | 03-07-2013 |
20130192281 | Adsorption System - An adsorption system can be used as part of a climate control system in a vehicle or in any other space requiring heating or cooling. | 08-01-2013 |
20140017456 | Heterogeneous Surfaces - Condensation can be an important process in both emerging and traditional power generation and water desalination technologies. Superhydrophobic nanostructures can promise enhanced condensation heat transfer by reducing the characteristic size of departing droplets via a surface-tension-driven mechanism. A superhydrophobic surface can include a heterogeneous surface. | 01-16-2014 |
20140157815 | Monolithically Integrated Bi-Directional Heat Pump - Monolithically integrated heat pump. The heat pump includes as adsorbent/absorbent condenser forming a hot terminal integrated with a phase change heat exchanger forming a cold terminal. The adsorbent/absorbent condenser and the phase change heat exchanger are integrated into a single pressure vessel. | 06-12-2014 |
20140196498 | Evaporative Heat Transfer System - Evaporative heat transfer system. The system includes a substrate and a plurality of substantially parallel, spaced-apart ridges extending from the substrate forming vertical liquid manifolds therebetween. A nanoporous membrane is supported on the ridges and a pump delivers a dielectric fluid across the ridges. The fluid is drawn through the liquid manifolds via capillarity provided by the nanoporous membrane and evaporates to dissipate heat flux through the substrate. A preferred dielectric fluid is pentane. It is preferred that membrane porosity vary across the membrane to tailor thermal resistances to limit temperature rises. | 07-17-2014 |
20140287150 | CONDENSATION ON SURFACES - A uniform external field can enhance condensation on a superhydrophobic surface. Jumping droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces accumulate a positive charge which promises the manipulation and control of jumping behavior using external electric fields. | 09-25-2014 |
20140352382 | MAGNETICALLY TUNABLE MICROSTRUCTURED SURFACES - Provided in one embodiment is a dynamically tunable structure including an elastic layer, and a plurality of ferromagnetic micropillars disposed over the elastic layer. The elastic layer may have an elasticity that is greater than an elasticity of the micropillars. | 12-04-2014 |
20150053266 | Internally-Heated Thermal and Externally-Cool Photovoltaic Cascade Solar Energy System for Full Solar Spectrum Utilization - A single-stack, solar power receiver comprising both a thermal absorber layer and a photovoltaic cell layer. The stack includes an aerogel layer, that is optically transparent and thermally insulating (“OTTI”); a spectrally selective high thermal conductivity (“SSTC”) thermal absorber layer; a bottom OTTI layer; and a PV cell layer. The SSTC layer includes a set of fins that substantially blocks solar radiation absorption in the band where PV cells are most sensitive. Photons with energies above or below this band block range are absorbed by the fins and the absorbed heat is conducted to pipes in the fin structure carrying a heated thermal working fluid to heat storage. Photons with energy in the band block range are reflected by the SSTC fins to the PV cell layer. The bottom OTTI aerogel layer keeps the PV cell operating near ambient temperature. The PV cell converts incident solar radiation to electrical energy. | 02-26-2015 |
20150132565 | Percolated Microstructures for Multi-Modal Transport Enhancement in Porous Active Materials - A method of forming a composite material for use in multi-modal transport includes providing three-dimensional graphene having hollow channels, enabling a polymer to wick into the hollow channels of the three-dimensional graphene, curing the polymer to form a cured three-dimensional graphene, adding an active material to the cured three-dimensional graphene to form a composite material, and removing the polymer from within the hollow channels. A composite material formed according to the method is also provided. | 05-14-2015 |
20150345839 | THERMO-ADSORPTIVE BATTERY CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEMS - Thermo-adsorptive batteries can provide the heating and cooling functions by taking advantage of the reversible adsorption/desorption cycles involving the pair of the zeolite adsorbent and condensable vapor adsorbate. | 12-03-2015 |
20150375997 | HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURED SURFACES - A hierarchical structured surface can have high heat transfer performance during a phase change process. Using hierarchically structured surfaces, an enhancement in critical heat flux (CHF) of ˜160% or higher on a microstructured surface can be obtained. | 12-31-2015 |
20160097606 | Heterogeneous Surfaces - Condensation can be an important process in both emerging and traditional power generation and water desalination technologies. Superhydrophobic nanostructures can promise enhanced condensation heat transfer by reducing the characteristic size of departing droplets via a surface-tension-driven mechanism. A superhydrophobic surface can include a heterogeneous surface. | 04-07-2016 |
Han Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20100301347 | WAFER BONDING TECHNIQUE IN NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTORS - A semiconductor arrangement is provided that includes one or more substrate structures. One or more nitride-based material structures are used in fabricating nitride-based devices. One or more intermediary layers are interposed between the one or more substrate structures and the one or more nitride-based material structures. The one or more intermediary layers support the lattice mismatch and thermal expansion coefficients between the one or more nitride-based material structure and the one or more substrate structures. Several new electronic devices based on this arrangement are described. | 12-02-2010 |
Haolan Wang, Cambridge GB
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20100178531 | High efficiency energy conversion and storage systems using carbon nanostructured materials - An energy storage device structure comprises a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer and a second electrode layer. At least one of the electrode layers comprise a metallic base layer, a layer of carbon nanotubes grown on the base layer and a layer of carbon nanoparticles disposed on the carbon nanotube layer, the carbon nanoparticle layer being arranged to face the electrolyte layer. The structure has much larger width and length than thickness, so it is rolled up or folded and then hermetically sealed to form an energy storage unit. The layer of carbon nanotubes is grown on the metallic base layer by a chemical vapor deposition process at a temperature no higher than 550° C. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube layer are at least partially aligned in a direction that is perpendicular to the surface of the metallic base layer. | 07-15-2010 |
20100328845 | Nano-structured flexible electrodes, and energy storage devices using the same - An electrical energy storage device structure comprises a first conductive sheet, a second conductive sheet and an electrolyte sheet placed between the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet. In the device, at least one of the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet comprises a layer of carbon nanoparticles. The carbon nanoparticle layer is arranged to be adjacent to the electrolyte sheet. The carbon nanoparticles may include both high aspect ratio carbon nanoparticles and low aspect ratio carbon nanoparticles. The device is flexible and at least partially transparent. | 12-30-2010 |
20100329494 | Apparatus And Method - An apparatus and method of providing an apparatus, the apparatus including: a loudspeaker configured to convert an electrical input signal into an acoustic output signal; and carbon nanohorn material wherein the carbon nanohorn material is positioned so as to be exposed to the acoustic output signal. | 12-30-2010 |
20100329498 | Apparatus and method - An apparatus and method of providing an apparatus, the apparatus including a loudspeaker configured to convert an electrical input signal into an acoustic output signal; and carbon nanohorn material wherein the carbon nanohorn material is positioned so as to be exposed to the acoustic output signal. | 12-30-2010 |
20130176661 | Apparatus and Associated Methods - An apparatus, the apparatus including first and second circuit boards, and an electrolyte, the first and second circuit boards each including a capacitive element, wherein the apparatus is configured such that a chamber is defined between the first and second circuit boards with the capacitive elements contained therein and facing one another, the chamber including the electrolyte, and wherein the apparatus is configured to store electrical charge when a potential difference is applied between the capacitive elements. | 07-11-2013 |
20150332867 | Supercapacitor Having A Circuit Board Defining An Electrolyte Chamber - An apparatus, the apparatus including first and second circuit boards, and an electrolyte, the first and second circuit boards each including a capacitive element, wherein the apparatus is configured such that a chamber is defined between the first and second circuit boards with the capacitive elements contained therein and facing one another, the chamber including the electrolyte, and wherein the apparatus is configured to store electrical charge when a potential difference is applied between the capacitive elements. | 11-19-2015 |
Harris H. Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20090317910 | MULTIPLEX AUTOMATED GENOME ENGINEERING - The present invention relates to automated methods of introducing multiple nucleic acid sequences into one or more target cells. | 12-24-2009 |
20130005025 | Multiplex Automated Genome Engineering - The present invention relates to automated methods of introducing multiple nucleic acid sequences into one or more target cells. | 01-03-2013 |
Jianjian Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20150321408 | CONTINUOUS FABRICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HIGHLY ALIGNED POLYMER FILMS - Process for continuous fabrication of highly aligned polymer films. A polymer-solvent solution is subjected to a high shear, high temperature, Couette flow to extrude a thin film having polymer chain disentanglement. The extruded thin film is frozen and the solvent is allowed to evaporate to form a dried film. The dried film is mechanically drawn using a constant force, adaptive-thickness drawing system to align polymer molecular chains through plastic deformation. A suitable polymer is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. | 11-12-2015 |
Jianpu Wang, Cambridge GB
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20120068140 | SWITCHABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD OF SWITCHING SAID DEVICE - A switchable electronic device comprises a hole blocking layer and a layer comprising a conductive material between first and second electrodes, wherein the conductivity of the device may be irreversibly switched upon application of a current having a current density of less than or equal to 100 A cm | 03-22-2012 |
Kaihang Wang, Cambridge GB
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20100105565 | Evolved Orthogonal Ribosomes - There is provided a method for evolving an orthogonal rRNA molecule, comprising the steps of: providing one or more libraries of mutant orthogonal rRNA molecules and introducing the libraries into cells such that the orthogonal rRNA is incorporated into ribosomes to provide orthogonal ribosomes; providing one or more orthogonal mRNA molecules which (i) are not translated by natural ribosomes, and (ii) comprise one or more orthogonal mRNA codons; assaying the translation of the of the orthogonal mRNA and selecting the orthogonal rRNA molecules which translate the orthogonal mRNA, wherein the assay in step (c) requires translation of one or more orthogonal mRNA codons in the orthogonal mRNA; and orthogonal ribosomes incorporating such rRNA molecules. | 04-29-2010 |
20120264926 | Orthogonal Q-Ribosomes - The invention relates to 16S rRNA comprising a mutation at A1196, and to 16S rRNA further comprising a mutation at C1195 and/or A1197, and to 16S rRNA which comprises (i) C1195A and A1196G; or (ii) C1195T, A1196G and A1197G; or (iii) A1196G and A1197G. The invention also relates to ribosomes comprising such 16S rRNAs and to use of same. | 10-18-2012 |
Lifeng Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20120196100 | CO-CONTINUOUS POLYMER COMPOSITES WITH ENHANCED MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE AND MULTI-FUNCTIONAL APPLICATIONS - Co-continuous structured composite. The composite material includes a continuous material phase in intimate contact with a continuous second phase. A preferred embodiment has a continuous glassy polymer and a continuous elastomeric polymer; or a shape memory polymer phased together with an elastomeric phase. The composite of the invention has a combination of improved mechanical properties such as a unique combination of stiffness, strength and energy absorption, damage tolerance, multiple time constant viscoelastic and viscoplastic behaviors, and shape memory characteristics. | 08-02-2012 |
Pei-Ran Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20080300293 | COMBINATION OF AN DPP-IV INHIBITOR AND A PPAR-ALPHA COMPOUND - The invention relates to a combination which comprises a DPP-IV inhibitor and at least one further PPARα compound, preferably selected from the group consisting of fenofibrate, micronized fenofibrate, bezafibrate, gemfibrazil and ciprofibrate for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the prevention, delay of progression or treatment of conditions mediated by DPP-IV and PPARα, in particular diabetes, more especially type 2 diabetes mellitus, conditions of IGT, conditions of impaired fasting plasma glucose, metabolic acidosis, ketosis, arthritis, obesity, dyslipidemia and osteoporosis. | 12-04-2008 |
Qije Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20090213890 | QUANTUM CASCADE LASER - A quantum cascade laser utilizing non-resonant extraction design having a multilayered semiconductor with a single type of carrier; at least two final levels ( | 08-27-2009 |
Qiu Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20100130451 | SYNTHESIS OF TETRACYCLINES AND ANALOGUES THEREOF - The tetracycline class of antibiotics has played a major role in the treatment of infectious diseases for the past 50 years. However, the increased use of the tetracyclines in human and veterinary medicine has led to resistance among many organisms previously susceptible to tetracycline antibiotics. The modular synthesis of tetracyclines and tetracycline analogs described provides an efficient and enantioselective route to a variety of tetracycline analogs and polycyclines previously inaccessible via earlier tetra-cycline syntheses and semi-synthetic methods. These analogs may be used as anti-microbial agents or anti-pro liferative agents in the treatment of diseases of humans or other animals. | 05-27-2010 |
Run-Ming Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20100048571 | Organic Compounds - The present disclosure relates to XIAP inhibitor compound of the formula I: | 02-25-2010 |
20110281875 | Inhibitors of IAP - Novel compounds that inhibit the binding of the Smac protein to Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) of the formula (I). | 11-17-2011 |
20120207769 | Inhibitors of IAP - Novel compounds that inhibit the binding of the Smac protein to Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) of the formula (I). | 08-16-2012 |
Run-Ming David Wang, Cambridge, MA US
Patent application number | Description | Published |
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20100249405 | Organic Compounds - The present invention relates to novel IAP inhibitor compounds of formula I: | 09-30-2010 |
20110015232 | Pyrrolydine Derivatives as IAP Inhibitors - The present invention relates to novel IAP inhibitor compounds of: Formula (I). | 01-20-2011 |
20110065726 | Organic Compounds - The present invention is directed to a compound of the formula: | 03-17-2011 |
20110319614 | Organic Compounds - The present invention relates to novel IAP inhibitor compounds of formula I: | 12-29-2011 |
20130005663 | SMAC PEPTIDOMETICS USEFUL AS IAP INHIBITORS - The present invention is directed to a compound of the formula: | 01-03-2013 |
20140004101 | SMAC PEPTIDOMETICS USEFUL AS IAP INHIBITORS | 01-02-2014 |
Shiyi Wang, Cambridge GB
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20100307744 | USE OF ENCAPSULATED CHEMICAL DURING FRACTURING - A process for hydraulic fracturing of a subterranean reservoir formation penetrated by a wellbore includes pumping a fracturing fluid or other aqueous fluid which is an aqueous suspension of particles which each comprise an oilfield chemical distributed within an encapsulating matrix of water-insoluble carrier_material from the surface via the wellbore and into the reservoir. The encapsulating matrix is chosen so as to provide a delayed release of the oilfield chemical from the particles into surrounding fluid, such that oilfield chemical is liberated from the particles after they have entered the fracture. The encapsulating matrix may be a polymer which is at least partially amorphous, with a glass transition temperature below the reservoir temperature. | 12-09-2010 |
20100307745 | USE OF ENCAPSULATED TRACERS - A process of making observations of a subterranean reservoir penetrated by a wellbore uses distinguishable sets of tracer particles and comprises steps of: | 12-09-2010 |
20110172924 | FORECASTING ASPHALTIC PRECIPITATION - The magnitude of asphaltic precipitation when injecting a viscosity reducing diluent into a reservoir formation, notably to assist oil recovery therefrom, is forecast by (i) determining a relationship between asphaltic precipitation and a solubility parameter for the diluted oil, and then (ii) utilizing that relationship to forecast the magnitude of asphaltic precipitation when injecting a predetermined viscosity reducing diluent into the formation. Making this forecast may be followed by injecting a viscosity reducing diluent into the formation to assist oil recovery. The diluent may in particular be supercritical carbon dioxide or other asphaltene precipitant mixed with a more polar material in proportions designed by forecasting asphaltic precipitation by candidate materials in possible proportions. | 07-14-2011 |
Shuangxi Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20160106842 | LIPIDS AND LIPID COMPOSITIONS FOR THE DELIVERY OF ACTIVE AGENTS - This invention provides for a compound of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R | 04-21-2016 |
Tong Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20090118284 | Novel compounds that are ERK inhibitors - Disclosed are the ERK inhibitors of formula 1.0: | 05-07-2009 |
20140280395 | Network Coded Storage With Multi-Resolution Codes - Multi-resolution encoded files are stored on a plurality of disk drives using systematic network coded storage. In some embodiments, the stored files are used to provide video streaming services for users. | 09-18-2014 |
Victor Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20140125678 | Virtual Companion - The virtual companion described herein is able to respond realistically to tactile input, and through the use of a plurality of live human staff, is able to converse with true intelligence with whomever it interacts with. The exemplary application is to keep older adults company and improve mental health through companionship. | 05-08-2014 |
Wayne U. Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20090068759 | REUSABLE DETECTION SURFACES AND METHODS OF USING SAME - The technology provided herein generally relates to reusable detection surfaces and methods for reusing a detection surface after using the detection surface in an assay for an analyte. | 03-12-2009 |
20090148856 | Methods and apparatus for therapeutic drug monitoring using an acoustic device - Methods for therapeutic drug monitoring are provided. A plurality of particles, each of which is coated with a capture agent capable of binding a therapeutic drug of choice is combined with the sample to form a plurality of therapeutic drug-particle complexes. The system also includes a transport arrangement for transporting the sample and/or particles to the sensor surface, and optionally a magnetic field inducing structure constructed and arranged to establish a magnetic field at and adjacent to the sensor surface. The resonant sensor produces a signal corresponding to an amount of therapeutic drug-particle complexes that are bound to the sensor surface. | 06-11-2009 |
20090148857 | Method and apparatus for detection of analyte using an acoustic device - Methods for detecting analytes in a sample are provided. A plurality of particles, each of which is coated with a capture agent having an affinity for the analyte, is combined with the sample to form a plurality of analyte-particle complexes. The system also includes a transport arrangement for transporting the sample to the sensor surface, and a magnetic field inducing structure constructed and arranged to establish a magnetic field at and adjacent to the sensor surface. The resonant sensor produces a signal corresponding to an amount of analyte-particle complexes that are bound to the sensor surface. | 06-11-2009 |
Wei Wang, Cambridge GB
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20120167237 | ANIMAL MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 06-28-2012 |
20120204278 | ANIMAL MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human—non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 08-09-2012 |
20130042331 | ANIMAL MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 02-14-2013 |
20130263292 | ANIMAL MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 10-03-2013 |
20130263293 | ANIMAL MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human—non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 10-03-2013 |
20130318643 | ANIMAL MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 11-28-2013 |
20140120582 | ANIMAL MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 05-01-2014 |
20140134156 | ANIMAL MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 05-15-2014 |
20140150125 | ANIMAL MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human—non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 05-29-2014 |
20140150126 | ANIMAL MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 05-29-2014 |
20140182003 | ANIMAL MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human—non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 06-26-2014 |
20140201854 | ANIMAL MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 07-17-2014 |
20140201856 | ANIMAL MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 07-17-2014 |
20140283150 | Animal Models and Therapeutic Molecules - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 09-18-2014 |
20150040250 | Animal Models and Therapeutic Molecules - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 02-05-2015 |
20150113669 | Animal Models and Therapeutic Molecules - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human—non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 04-23-2015 |
20150334998 | Animal Models and Therapeutic Molecules - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 11-26-2015 |
20160044900 | ANIMAL MODELS AND THERAPEUTIC MOLECULES - The invention discloses methods for the generation of chimaeric human-non-human antibodies and chimaeric antibody chains, antibodies and antibody chains so produced, and derivatives thereof including fully humanised antibodies; compositions comprising said antibodies, antibody chains and derivatives, as well as cells, non-human mammals and vectors, suitable for use in said methods. | 02-18-2016 |
Wenjing Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20130157284 | COLORIMETRIC AND FLUORESCENT PROTEINS - The invention relates to intracellular lipid binding proteins that bind retinoids and/or dye ligands and that are modified to transmit or emit light at a variety of different wavelengths. | 06-20-2013 |
Wennie Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20150247530 | ACTIVE PART OF AN ELECTRICAL MACHINE, RADIAL MAGNETIC BEARING AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A RADIAL MAGNETIC BEARING - An active part of an electrical machine includes teeth, each having a tooth base, a tooth height, open or closed grooves between the teeth, and windings introduced into the grooves. Each windings encloses at least one of the teeth. The active part has a thickness, starting from the outer surface of the respective tooth bases and in extension of the teeth, that is greater than the tooth height. The active part, starting from the respective tooth base up to a limit depth, which is not more than equal the tooth height, has a first material with a first magnetic permeability and starting from the limit depth a second material with a second magnetic permeability. The first magnetic permeability is greater than the second magnetic permeability. The limit depth is between 20% and 100% of the tooth height. | 09-03-2015 |
Wenqin Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20140038201 | SUB-DIFFRACTION LIMIT IMAGE RESOLUTION IN THREE DIMENSIONS - The present invention generally relates to sub-diffraction limit image resolution and other imaging techniques, including imaging in three dimensions. In one aspect, the invention is directed to determining and/or imaging light from two or more entities separated by a distance less than the diffraction limit of the incident light. In some cases, the position of the entities can be determined in all three spatial dimensions (i.e., in the x, y, and z directions), and in certain cases, the positions in all three dimensions can be determined to an accuracy of less than about 1000 nm. In some cases, the z positions may be determined using one of a variety of techniques that uses intensity information or focal information (e.g., a lack of focus) to determine the z position. Non-limiting examples of such techniques include astigmatism imaging, off-focus imaging, or multi-focal-plane imaging. | 02-06-2014 |
20140063194 | SUB-DIFFRACTION LIMIT IMAGE RESOLUTION IN THREE DIMENSIONS - The present invention generally relates to sub-diffraction limit image resolution and other imaging techniques, including imaging in three dimensions. In one aspect, the invention is directed to determining and/or imaging light from two or more entities separated by a distance less than the diffraction limit of the incident light. In some cases, the position of the entities can be determined in all three spatial dimensions (i.e., in the x, y, and z directions), and in certain cases, the positions in all three dimensions can be determined to an accuracy of less than about 1000 nm. In some cases, the z positions may be determined using one of a variety of techniques that uses intensity information or focal information (e.g., a lack of focus) to determine the z position. Non-limiting examples of such techniques include astigmatism imaging, off-focus imaging, or multi-focal-plane imaging. | 03-06-2014 |
Wentao Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20130033338 | UNRELEASED MEMS RESONATOR AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME - A microelectromechanical (MEM) resonator includes a resonant cavity disposed in a first layer of a first solid material disposed on a substrate and a first plurality of reflectors disposed in the first layer in a first direction with respect to the resonant cavity and to each other. Each of the first plurality of reflectors comprises an outer layer of a second solid material and an inner layer of a third solid material. The inner layer of each of the first plurality of reflectors is adjacent in the first direction to the outer layer of each reflector and to either the outer layer of an adjacent reflector or the resonant cavity. | 02-07-2013 |
20150237423 | ACOUSTIC BANDGAP STRUCTURES FOR INTEGRATION OF MEMS RESONATORS - Example acoustic bandgap devices provided that can be fabricated in a semiconductor fabrication tool based on design check rules. An example device includes a substrate lying in an x-y plane and defining an x-direction and a y-direction, an acoustic resonant cavity over the substrate, and a phononic crystal disposed over the acoustic resonant cavity by generating the phononic crystal as a plurality of unit cells disposed in a periodic arrangement. Each unit cell include: (a) at least one higher acoustic impedance structure having a longitudinal axis oriented in the y-direction and a thickness in the x-direction greater than or about equal to a minimal feature thickness of the semiconductor fabrication tool, and (b) at least one lower acoustic impedance material bordering at least a portion of the at least one higher acoustic impedance structure and forming at least a portion of a remainder of the respective unit cell. | 08-20-2015 |
Xiao-Fan Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20080234216 | TGF-beta type receptor cDNAs encoded products and uses therefor - DNA encoding TGF-β type III receptor of mammalian origin, DNA encoding TGF-β type II receptor of mammalian origin, TGF-β type III receptor, TGF-β type II receptor and uses therefor. | 09-25-2008 |
Xiaogang Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20090034791 | Image processing for person and object Re-identification - A device and method for processing an image to create appearance and shape labeled images of a person or object captured within the image. The appearance and shape labeled images are unique properties of the person or object and can be used to re-identify the person or object in subsequent images. The appearance labeled image is an aggregate of pre-stored appearance labels that are assigned to image segments of the image based on calculated appearance attributes of each image segment. The shape labeled image is an aggregate of pre-stored shape labels that are assigned to image segments of the image based on calculated shape attributes of each image segment. An identifying descriptor of the person or object can be computed based on both the appearance labeled image and the shape labeled image. The descriptor can be compared with other descriptors of later captured images to re-identify a person or object. | 02-05-2009 |
20100329517 | BOOSTED FACE VERIFICATION - Techniques for face verification are described. Local binary pattern (LBP) features and boosting classifiers are used to verify faces in images. A boosted multi-task learning algorithm is used for face verification in images. Finally, boosted face verification is used to verify faces in videos. | 12-30-2010 |
20120183212 | IDENTIFYING DESCRIPTOR FOR PERSON OR OBJECT IN AN IMAGE - A device and method for processing an image to create appearance and shape labeled images of a person or object captured within the image. The appearance and shape labeled images are unique properties of the person or object and can be used to re-identify the person or object in subsequent images. The appearance labeled image is an aggregate of pre-stored appearance labels that are assigned to image segments of the image based on calculated appearance attributes of each image segment. The shape labeled image is an aggregate of pre-stored shape labels that are assigned to image segments of the image based on calculated shape attributes of each image segment. An identifying descriptor of the person or object can be computed based on both the appearance labeled image and the shape labeled image. The descriptor can be compared with other descriptors of later captured images to re-identify a person or object. | 07-19-2012 |
20120189207 | IDENTIFYING DESCRIPTOR FOR PERSON AND OBJECT IN AN IMAGE (AS AMENDED) - A device and method for processing an image to create appearance and shape labeled images of a person or object captured within the image. The appearance and shape labeled images are unique properties of the person or object and can be used to re-identify the person or object in subsequent images. The appearance labeled image is an aggregate of pre-stored appearance labels that are assigned to image segments of the image based on calculated appearance attributes of each image segment. The shape labeled image is an aggregate of pre-stored shape labels that are assigned to image segments of the image based on calculated shape attributes of each image segment. An identifying descriptor of the person or object can be computed based on both the appearance labeled image and the shape labeled image. The descriptor can be compared with other descriptors of later captured images to re-identify a person or object. | 07-26-2012 |
20140126357 | ECN-ENABLED MULTICAST PROTOCOL FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS UNDER BLOCKAGE - A system and method are provided for implementing performance improvements in a multicast protocol for networks that support incipient congestion indications via packet marking in instances of packet loss in the network during time-correlated blockages by providing indications in the physical (PHY) layer. A receiver rate calculation is adjusted so that a loss due to blockage is ignored completely and only packets marked using an Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) packet marking protocol are treated as losses. Receiver rates are modified based on ECN principles to ignore losses. A NORM receiver rate equation may remain substantially unchanged while a sender is enabled to keep sending at a higher data rate, even in instances of blockage in support of higher system throughputs without defining a completely new receiver rate equation. Time-correlated blockages are not treated as losses. | 05-08-2014 |
Xiaojuan Wang, Cambridge GB
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20110241229 | ENCAPSULATED NANOPARTICLES - In various embodiments, the present invention relates to production of encapsulated nanoparticles by dispersing said nanoparticles and an encapsulating medium in a common solvent to form a first solution system and applying a stimulus to said first solution system to induce simultaneous aggregation of the nanoparticles and the encapsulating medium. | 10-06-2011 |
20150031217 | Encapsulated Nanoparticles - The present invention relates to a method for producing encapsulated nanoparticles by dispersing said nanoparticles and an encapsulating medium in a common solvent to form a first solution system and treating said first solution system with a stimulus suitable to induce simultaneous aggregation of the nanoparticles and the encapsulating medium. | 01-29-2015 |
Xiaosong Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20100313285 | Altering High Density Lipoprotein Levels Through UDP-N-Acetyl-Alpha-D-Galactosamine: Polypeptide N-Acetlgalactosaminyltransferase (GALNT) Modulation - Described herein are methods for detecting and treating coronary artery disease and atherosclerotic conditions based on modulating the levels of total plasma lipoprotein and HDL-C by inhibiting expression or activity of GALNT. Also described herein are methods for identifying an agent(s) useful in treating coronary artery disease or atherosclerotic conditions. | 12-09-2010 |
Yalan Wang, Cambridge GB
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20100060326 | CONTROL OF POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES - This invention relates to a control method and a circuit for MOS-gated power semiconductor switching devices such as IGBTs or MOSFETs, which allows control and optimisition of the current and voltage commutation of a power semiconductor switching device and freewheel diode pair in the basic half-bridge circuit found in a wide range of equipment. The method comprises the stages of: applying, upon receipt of a switch-on command signal, a voltage function to the control terminal or the gate of the power semiconductor switching device that allows a regulated current rise in the device whilst maintaining the voltage across the device falling at a predetermined rate; and at the instant when the voltage across the diode begins to change from the on-state towards the off-state level, applying a voltage function to the control terminal or the gate of the power semiconductor switching device to enable the voltage falling across the power semiconductor switching device to track the voltage falling across the diode in order to ensure a fast and controlled completion of the switching operation without diode reverse voltage overshoot. The gate drive automatically modifies the voltage function according to the working condition thereby accounting for the actual operating conditions. | 03-11-2010 |
Yaping Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20110281875 | Inhibitors of IAP - Novel compounds that inhibit the binding of the Smac protein to Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) of the formula (I). | 11-17-2011 |
20120101064 | IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS MODULATORS OF CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASES - The invention provides compounds of the formula (I): | 04-26-2012 |
Yebin Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20120004777 | System and Method for Reducing Lateral Vibration in Elevator Systems - A system and method reduce lateral movement of a car in an elevator system by detecting vibration of the car as a vibration signal. A damping coefficient for a feedback signal is determined according to the vibration signal and a state of the elevator system. A semi-active actuator is arranged between the car and a roller guide assembly. The semi-active actuator includes a rheological fluid, and flow characteristics of the rheological fluid are actuated according to the feedback signal to reduce the lateral movement of the car. | 01-05-2012 |
20130299283 | System and Method for Controlling Semi-Active Actuators Arranged to Minimize Vibration in Elevator Systems - A method controls a set of semi-active actuators arranged in an elevator system to minimize a vibration of an elevator car. The elevator system is represented with a model of a virtual elevator system having a single virtual semi-active actuator arranged to compensate a virtual disturbance. The virtual disturbance is determined using a motion profile of position of the elevator car during the operation and a disturbance profile of the virtual disturbance. A state of the elevator system is determined using the model of the virtual elevator system, the virtual disturbance and a signal indicative of a horizontal acceleration of the elevator car during the operation. Each actuator of the set of semi-active actuators is controlled based on the state of the elevator system and according to a control policy of the virtual semi-active actuator. | 11-14-2013 |
Yikang Wang, Cambridge GB
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20090005575 | Preparation of diazapentalene derivatives via epoxydation of dihydropyrroles - The present invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of formula I, | 01-01-2009 |
20090131502 | Biologically active compounds - The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of formula (I), and the use of such compounds in the treatment of a disease selected from osteoporosis, Paget's disease, Chagas's disease, malaria, gingival diseases, hypercalaemia, metabolic bone disease and diseases involving matrix or cartilate degradation. | 05-21-2009 |
Ying-Chih Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20090143765 | Device for Mixing and Delivering Fluids for Tissue Repair - A device for mixing and delivering a mixture of fluids to a target site includes a tube for containing the mixture. A compressible auger for mixing the fluids is movably disposed within the tube, one end of the auger being free at the distal end of the tube. A plunger is also movable within the tube in communication with the other end of the auger. When the plunger is moved axially within the tube the auger also moves axially and the auger is compressed to dispense the fluid. The mixing and delivery device can be used with an apparatus for the arthroscopic delivery of a tissue repair material to a repair site. The apparatus includes a first sheath and a second sheath removably attached to the first sheath for delivering the tissue repair material to the repair site. | 06-04-2009 |
Yuxun Wang, Cambridge, MA US
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20160024492 | REMOVAL OF DNA FRAGMENTS IN MRNA PRODUCTION PROCESS - The present invention describes methods of removing DNA from an RNA transcript during the mRNA production process. The method embodies procedures for obtaining an in vitro transcription product, and removing any DNA from the product. The DNA can be removed by adding either free DNase or a resin containing immobilized DNase to the product, and recovering the RNA transcript. Alternatively, the DNA template used in the in vitro transcription reaction is labeled. After transcription, the product is applied to a resin that is configured to bind the label, and the RNA transcript is recovered. To detect whether any residual impurities are left in the RNA transcript product, the product is subjected to nuclease digestion and subsequently to liquid chromato graphy-tandem mass spectrometry analysis to quantitate any residual DNA. The present invention demonstrates efficient and effective methods of isolating an RNA transcript from an in vitro transcription product. | 01-28-2016 |