Patent application number | Description | Published |
20150228891 | DUAL INTERFACE FREE LAYER WITH AMORPHOUS CAP LAYER FOR PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTION - A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) and methods for fabricating a MTJ are described. An MTJ includes a fixed layer and a barrier layer on the fixed layer. Such an MTJ also includes a free layer interfacing with the barrier layer. The free layer has a crystal structure in accordance with the barrier layer. The MTJ further includes an amorphous capping layer interfacing with the free layer. | 08-13-2015 |
20150263266 | REFERENCE LAYER FOR PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTION - An apparatus includes a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy magnetic tunnel junction (pMTJ) device. The pMTJ device includes a storage layer and a reference layer. The reference layer includes a portion configured to produce a ferrimagnetic effect. The portion includes a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer. The second layer is configured to antiferromagnetically (AF) couple the first layer and the third layer during operation of the pMTJ device. | 09-17-2015 |
20150280112 | MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTION AND METHOD FOR FABRICATING A MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTION - An improved magnetic tunnel junction device and methods for fabricating the improved magnetic tunnel junction device are provided. The provided two-etch process reduces etching damage and ablated material redeposition. In an example, provided is a method for fabricating a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). The method includes forming a buffer layer on a substrate, forming a bottom electrode on the substrate, forming a pin layer on the bottom electrode, forming a barrier layer on the pin layer, and forming a free layer on the barrier layer. A first etching includes etching the free layer, without etching the barrier layer, the pin layer, and the bottom electrode. The method also includes forming a top electrode on the free layer, as well as forming a hardmask layer on the top electrode. A second etching includes etching the hardmask layer; the top electrode layer, the barrier layer, the pin layer, and the bottom electrode. | 10-01-2015 |
20150287910 | REPLACEMENT CONDUCTIVE HARD MASK FOR MULTI-STEP MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTION (MTJ) ETCH - A multi-step etch technique for fabricating a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) apparatus includes forming a first conductive hard mask on a first electrode of the MTJ apparatus for etching the first electrode during a first etching step. The method also includes forming a second conductive hard mask on the first conductive hard mask for etching magnetic layers of the MTJ apparatus during a second etching step. A spacer layer is conformally deposited on sidewalls of the first conductive hard mask. The second conductive hard mask is deposited on the first conductive hard mask and aligned with the spacer layer on the sidewalls of the first conductive hard mask. | 10-08-2015 |
20150303373 | SPIN-TRANSFER SWITCHING MAGNETIC ELEMENT FORMED FROM FERRIMAGNETIC RARE-EARTH-TRANSITION-METAL (RE-TM) ALLOYS - A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) includes a free layer formed from a ferrimagnetic rare-earth-transition-metal (RE-TM) alloy having the net moment dominated by a sublattice moment of a rare-earth (RE) composition of the RE-TM alloy. The MTJ further includes a pinned layer formed from a rare-earth-transition-metal (RE-TM) alloy having the net moment dominated by a sublattice moment of a rare-earth (RE) composition of the RE-TM alloy, the pinned layer comprising one or more amorphous thin insertion layers such that a net magnetic moment of the free layer and the pinned layer is low or close to zero. | 10-22-2015 |
20150311427 | SMOOTH SEED LAYERS WITH UNIFORM CRYSTALLINE TEXTURE FOR HIGH PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY MATERIALS - A method for fabricating a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (pMTJ) device includes growing a seed layer on a first electrode of the pMTJ device. The seed layer has a uniform predetermined crystal orientation along a growth axis. The method also includes planarizing the seed layer while maintaining the uniform predetermined crystal orientation of the seed layer. | 10-29-2015 |
20150311429 | MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTION AND METHOD FOR FABRICATING A MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTION - An improved magnetic tunnel junction device and methods for fabricating the improved magnetic tunnel junction device are provided. The provided two-etch process reduces etching damage and ablated material redeposition. In an example, provided is a method for fabricating a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). The method includes forming a buffer layer on a substrate, forming a bottom electrode on the substrate, forming a pin layer on the bottom electrode, forming a barrier layer on the pin layer, and forming a free layer on the barrier layer. A first etching includes etching the free layer, without etching the barrier layer, the pin layer, and the bottom electrode. The method also includes forming a top electrode on the free layer, as well as forming a hardmask layer on the top electrode. A second etching includes etching the hardmask layer; the top electrode layer, the barrier layer, the pin layer, and the bottom electrode. | 10-29-2015 |
20150340593 | ETCH-RESISTANT PROTECTIVE COATING FOR A MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTION DEVICE - A method of forming a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device includes forming a spacer on an exposed side portion of the MTJ device. The method further includes forming an etch-resistant protective coating associated with the MTJ device. The etch-resistant protective coating provides greater etch resistance than the spacer. | 11-26-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100067507 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING A SECOND RECEIVER TO ESTABLISH TIME AND FREQUENCY - Apparatus and methods for synchronizing a network element (e.g. access points, femtocells, etc.) to a master network (such as a cellular network) to provide accurate frequency and/or time references for their internal systems. In one embodiment, the network element utilizes a dedicated receiver (or transceiver) to receive timing information from the master network. The implementation of the dedicated receiver is advantageous for cost and simplicity reasons. Furthermore, the timing or frequency information, as received from the master network, is used to correct the network element's internal timing. In addition, the network element's internal timing can operate in open-loop mode, if no master network can be found, thereby allowing for the device to continue providing service to network users. Additionally, a dedicated receiver can also receive information (e.g. location, SID, NID, SSID, etc.) local to the network element, such information may be useful or required for seamless operation within the master network. | 03-18-2010 |
20130059576 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING A SECOND RECEIVER TO ESTABLISH TIME AND FREQUENCY - Apparatus and methods for synchronizing a network element (e.g. access points, femtocells, etc.) to a master network (such as a cellular network) to provide accurate frequency and/or time references for their internal systems. In one embodiment, the network element utilizes a dedicated receiver (or transceiver) to receive timing information from the master network. The implementation of the dedicated receiver is advantageous for cost and simplicity reasons. Furthermore, the timing or frequency information, as received from the master network, is used to correct the network element's internal timing. In addition, the network element's internal timing can operate in open-loop mode, if no master network can be found, thereby allowing for the device to continue providing service to network users. Additionally, a dedicated receiver can also receive information (e.g. location, SID, NID, SSID, etc.) local to the network element, such information may be useful or required for seamless operation within the master network. | 03-07-2013 |
20130114415 | PARAMETER SCALING FOR FRACTIONAL BANDWIDTH SYSTEMS - Methods, systems, and devices are described for making scaling adjustments with respect to a fractional subsystem in a wireless communications system. To handle the effects of scaling associated with fractional bandwidth systems, different adjustments may be made to maintain certain quality of service (QoS) requirements, for example. Scaling adjustments may include identifying a scaling factor for the fractional subsystem and a parameter and/or a timer associated with the fractional subsystem. An adjustment associated with the parameter and/or timer may be determined based on the scaling factor. The adjustment may be applied with respect to the parameter and/or timer for at least a portion of the fractional subsystem or another portion of the wireless communications system. | 05-09-2013 |
20130114433 | SCALING FOR FRACTIONAL SYSTEMS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION - Methods, systems, and devices are described for utilizing scaling factors and/or fractional bandwidth and waveforms for wireless communication. Scaling factors may be utilized to relate aspects of one subsystem with aspects of another subsystem. Embodiments may utilize portions of spectrum that may not be big enough to fit a standard waveform. Scaling factors may be utilized to generate fractional waveforms to fit these portions of spectrum. A fractional subsystem may be generated with respect to a normal subsystem or other fractional subsystem through dilating, or scaling, time, frequency, state, or other aspects of the fractional subsystem with respect to time, frequency, state, or other aspects of the normal subsystem or the other fractional subsystem. The fractional subsystem may be aligned with a normal system at different times and/or different frequencies. Scaling information may be utilized to perform measurements on another subsystem, perform handoffs to another subsystem, perform reselection, align, etc. | 05-09-2013 |
20130114436 | REVERSE LINK THROUGHPUT MANAGEMENT FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH SYSTEMS - Methods, systems, and devices for increasing reverse link throughput by coordination of multiple wireless systems using reverse link blanking are provided. Some embodiments involve utilizing the bandwidth of one carrier bandwidth that partially overlaps with the bandwidth of another carrier bandwidth. This overlap may create interference. Different indicators may be utilized to prompt a device, such as a mobile device, to coordinate reverse link transmission blanking on at least one of the carrier bandwidths to increase throughput for the other overlapping carrier bandwidth. For example, a base station may transmit such an indicator to the mobile device to prompt the transmission blanking. Some embodiments also include increasing transmission power for the overlapping carrier bandwidth during the transmission blanking of other carrier bandwidth. Some embodiments utilize flexible carrier bandwidths systems that may utilize portions of spectrum that may not be big enough to fit a normal bandwidth waveform. | 05-09-2013 |
20130114473 | SIGNALING AND TRAFFIC CARRIER SPLITTING FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS - Methods, systems, and devices for separating signaling data and traffic data onto separate carriers for wireless communications systems are provided. Some embodiments utilize flexible bandwidth that may utilize portions of spectrum that may not be big enough to fit a normal waveform through utilizing flexible waveforms. Flexible bandwidth systems may lead to reduced data rate on the signaling or other channels. Separating the signaling and the data traffic into different flexible bandwidth carriers so that assigned resources can be customized to different traffic patterns may address this issue. In some embodiments, the signaling data is received and/or transmitted over a first carrier separate from any other traffic data. For example, the signaling data may be received and/or transmitted over the first band carrier without any other traffic data. The traffic data and/or network data associated with the signaling data may be received and/or transmitted over a separate, second carrier. | 05-09-2013 |
20130114566 | ASSISTANCE INFORMATION FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIER MOBILITY METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND DEVICES - Methods, systems, and devices for mobility management for wireless communications systems that utilize a flexible bandwidth carrier are provided. Some embodiments include determining and transmitting assistance information to one or more user equipment (UEs) to facilitate mobility management with respect to the flexible bandwidth carrier. Some embodiments include signaling flexible bandwidth carrier information to UEs including, but not limited to: UE-centric approaches, network-centric approaches, network-centric approaches with PLMN, SIB creation approaches, and/or application layer approaches. A flexible bandwidth carrier may involve a wireless communications system that may utilize portions of spectrum that may not fit a normal bandwidth. A flexible bandwidth carrier may be generated with respect to a normal bandwidth carrier through dilating, or scaling down, the time or the chip rate of the flexible bandwidth carrier with respect to the normal bandwidth carrier. Some embodiments may expand a bandwidth for a flexible bandwidth carrier. | 05-09-2013 |
20130114571 | COORDINATED FORWARD LINK BLANKING AND POWER BOOSTING FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH SYSTEMS - Methods, systems, and devices are provided for coordinating forward link blanking and/or power boosting in wireless communications systems. Some embodiments include two or more bandwidth systems. The bandwidth of one bandwidth system may overlap with the bandwidth of another bandwidth system. This overlap may create interference. Coordinating forward link blanking and/or power boosting may aid in reducing the impact of this interference. Some embodiments utilize flexible bandwidth and/or normal bandwidth systems. Flexible bandwidth systems may utilize portions of spectrum that may not be big enough to fit a normal waveform, though some embodiments may utilize flexible waveforms that utilize more bandwidth than a normal waveform. | 05-09-2013 |
20130115991 | BANDWIDTH INFORMATION DETERMINATION FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIERS - Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are provided for mobility management for wireless communications systems that utilize a flexible bandwidth carrier. Some embodiments include approaches for determining bandwidth information, such as one or more bandwidth scaling factors N and/or flexible bandwidths, at a user equipment (UE), where the bandwidth information may not be signaled to the UE. Embodiments for determining bandwidth information include: random ordered bandwidth scaling factor approaches, delay ordered bandwidth scaling factor approaches, storing bandwidth scaling factor value in UE Neighbor Record approaches, spectrum measurement approaches, spectrum calculation approaches, and/or a priori approaches. Flexible bandwidth carrier systems may utilize spectrum portions that may not be big enough to fit a normal waveform. Flexible bandwidth carrier systems may be generated through dilating, or scaling down, time, frame lengths, bandwidth, or the chip rate of the flexible bandwidth carrier systems with respect to a normal bandwidth carrier system. | 05-09-2013 |
20130115994 | SET MANAGEMENT FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIERS - Methods, systems, and devices for mobility management for wireless communications systems that utilize flexible bandwidth carriers are provided. Some embodiments include intra-frequency and/or inter-frequency set management based on the value of bandwidth scaling factors for flexible bandwidth carriers to facilitate the mobility management. For example, one or more cells of a wireless communications system may be identified. A respective bandwidth scaling factor associate with each respective identified cell may be identified. A user equipment may be configured determine multiple sets. Each respective set may be associated with one of the respective bandwidth scaling factors. The user equipment may be configured to associate each respective identified cell with one of the respective sets based on their respective associated bandwidth scaling factors. | 05-09-2013 |
20130121265 | DYNAMIC BANDWIDTH ADJUSTMENT IN FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH SYSTEMS - Methods, systems, and devices are provided for dynamically adapting the bandwidth of flexible bandwidth carriers. Adapting the bandwidth of a flexible bandwidth carrier may be achieved through changing the scale factor of the flexible bandwidth signal. Information such as traffic patterns, interference measurements, etc., may be utilized to determine the adapted scaling factors. In macrocellular deployments, for example, dynamically adjusting the bandwidth of a flexible bandwidth system may be utilized in order to increase network capacity, mitigate interference caused to other carriers, avoid adjacent carrier interference, and/or save energy on the network. Traffic pattern and other information may also be utilized to dynamically adjust uplink and downlink bandwidths of a flexible bandwidth carrier, either jointly or independently. | 05-16-2013 |
20130148520 | SUPPORTING VOICE FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH SYSTEMS - Methods, systems, and devices for supporting voice communications in a wireless communications system are provided. Some embodiments utilize multiple code channels to transmit the voice frames. These embodiments include parallel multi-code embodiments, offset multi-code embodiments, and multi-user multi-code embodiments. Some embodiments utilize flexible carrier bandwidths systems that may utilize portions of spectrum that may not be big enough to fit a normal bandwidth waveform. Some embodiments transmit and receive a subset of subframes of voice frames received over flexible bandwidth code channels. In some embodiments, a subset of subframes based on a flexible bandwidth scaling factor of one or more flexible bandwidth code channels is transmitted. The receiver may decode the voice frame based on the received subset of subframes. An outer loop power control set-point may be adjusted to provide a predetermined frame error rate based on the number of transmitted subframes. | 06-13-2013 |
20130148527 | COMPRESSED MODE MEASUREMENTS FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIER SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS - Methods, systems, and devices are provided that may address problems to enabling a user equipment (UE) in connected mode on a normal bandwidth cell to make inter-frequency measurements on another normal bandwidth cell and a flexible bandwidth cell. Some embodiment utilize a set of compressed mode gap configurations for measuring both normal bandwidth and flexible bandwidth inter-frequency cells with the following modification for flexible bandwidth cells: reducing the coherent length used by the UE; using the same cell search parameters at the UE but modifying the compressed mode gap parameters to accommodate both normal bandwidth and flexible bandwidth cell search; and/or maintaining the compressed mode gap parameters but reducing the search window size during cell search coherent accumulation. Some embodiments may configure separate compressed mode measurements configuration for normal bandwidth and flexible bandwidth measurements. | 06-13-2013 |
20130148576 | VOICE SERVICE SOLUTIONS FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH SYSTEMS - Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for providing services, such as voice services, within flexible bandwidth systems. In general, the scaling of one or more aspects of a flexible bandwidth system may be compensated for through altering one or more aspects within a code domain. The tools and techniques may include scaling spreading factors (with rate matching tuning in some embodiments), multi-code transmission, code rate increases, AMR codec rate adjustments, and/or higher order modulation. Subframe decoding approaches for the reception scheme may also be utilized. These tools and techniques can be flexibly implemented on the mobile device and/or base station side. Some embodiments may also minimize the latency introduced by the transmission and/or reception process. Flexible bandwidths systems may utilize portions of spectrum that may be too big or too small to fit a normal bandwidth waveform. | 06-13-2013 |
20130148627 | PROVIDING FOR MOBILITY FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIER SYSTEMS - Methods, systems, and devices for facilitating mobility between flexible bandwidth systems and other bandwidth systems are provided. These tools and techniques that provide mobility between different bandwidth systems may facilitate supporting circuit-switched (CS) services, such as CS voice services. Some embodiments provide for determining flexible bandwidth capable devices, such as user equipment. Some embodiments involve core network redirection where a core network may direct the handling of circuit-switched services when a flexible bandwidth system does not support the CS services. Some examples provide for radio access network determined handling of CS services when a flexible bandwidth system may not support the CS services. Some embodiments provide for transitioning to a flexible bandwidth system. Some embodiments provide for transitioning from flexible bandwidth systems to non-flexible bandwidth systems that have no support for some or all CS services, other flexible bandwidth systems, and/or systems that natively support CS voice services. | 06-13-2013 |
20130148628 | PROVIDING FOR MOBILITY FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIER SYSTEMS - Methods, systems, and devices for facilitating mobility between flexible bandwidth systems and other bandwidth systems are provided. These tools and techniques that provide mobility between different bandwidth systems may facilitate supporting circuit-switched (CS) services, such as CS voice services. Some embodiments provide for determining flexible bandwidth capable devices, such as user equipment. Some embodiments involve core network redirection where a core network may direct the handling of circuit-switched services when a flexible bandwidth system does not support the CS services. Some examples provide for radio access network determined handling of CS services when a flexible bandwidth system may not support the CS services. Some embodiments provide for transitioning to a flexible bandwidth system. Some embodiments provide for transitioning from flexible bandwidth systems to non-flexible bandwidth systems that have no support for some or all CS services, other flexible bandwidth systems, and/or systems that natively support CS voice services. | 06-13-2013 |
20130148629 | PROVIDING FOR MOBILITY FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIER SYSTEMS - Methods, systems, and devices for facilitating mobility between flexible bandwidth systems and other bandwidth systems are provided. These tools and techniques that provide mobility between different bandwidth systems may facilitate supporting circuit-switched (CS) services, such as CS voice services. Some embodiments provide for determining flexible bandwidth capable devices, such as user equipment. Some embodiments involve core network redirection where a core network may direct the handling of circuit-switched services when a flexible bandwidth system does not support the CS services. Some examples provide for radio access network determined handling of CS services when a flexible bandwidth system may not support the CS services. Some embodiments provide for transitioning to a flexible bandwidth system. Some embodiments provide for transitioning from flexible bandwidth systems to non-flexible bandwidth systems that have no support for some or all CS services, other flexible bandwidth systems, and/or systems that natively support CS voice services. | 06-13-2013 |
20130150045 | PROVIDING FOR MOBILITY FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIER SYSTEMS - Methods, systems, and devices for facilitating mobility between flexible bandwidth systems and other bandwidth systems are provided. These tools and techniques that provide mobility between different bandwidth systems may facilitate supporting circuit-switched (CS) services, such as CS voice services. Some embodiments provide for determining flexible bandwidth capable devices, such as user equipment. Some embodiments involve core network redirection where a core network may direct the handling of circuit-switched services when a flexible bandwidth system does not support the CS services. Some examples provide for radio access network determined handling of CS services when a flexible bandwidth system may not support the CS services. Some embodiments provide for transitioning to a flexible bandwidth system. Some embodiments provide for transitioning from flexible bandwidth systems to non-flexible bandwidth systems that have no support for some or all CS services, other flexible bandwidth systems, and/or systems that natively support CS voice services. | 06-13-2013 |
20130182655 | FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH SMALL CELLS - Methods, systems, and devices for utilizing flexible bandwidth carriers for small cells are provided. Bandwidth scaling factor(s) for a small cell may be determined. A flexible bandwidth carrier may be generated for the small cell utilizing the bandwidth scaling factor. Some embodiments provide assistance with active hand-in due to more available PN offsets in the flexible bandwidth domain. Some embodiments enhance small cell discovery with high bandwidth scaling factor beacon-like small cells with little more power than that corresponding to the same power spectral density for normal bandwidth small cell. Some embodiments reduce the interference caused by small cell to macrocell users using an adaptive bandwidth scaling factor for small cells based on number of users supported and their traffic demand, to control the extent of overlap the macrocell has with small cell and the interference to macrocell mobiles. Some embodiments utilize self-configuration for small cells utilizing flexible bandwidth channels. | 07-18-2013 |
20140010170 | PROVIDING FOR MOBILITY FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIER SYSTEMS - Methods, systems, and devices for facilitating mobility between flexible bandwidth systems and other bandwidth systems are provided. These tools and techniques that provide mobility between different bandwidth systems may facilitate supporting circuit-switched (CS) services, such as CS voice services. Some embodiments provide for determining flexible bandwidth capable devices, such as user equipment. Some embodiments involve core network redirection where a core network may direct the handling of circuit-switched services when a flexible bandwidth system does not support the CS services. Some examples provide for radio access network determined handling of CS services when a flexible bandwidth system may not support the CS services. Some embodiments provide for transitioning to a flexible bandwidth system. Some embodiments provide for transitioning from flexible bandwidth systems to non-flexible bandwidth systems that have no support for some or all CS services, other flexible bandwidth systems, and/or systems that natively support CS voice services. | 01-09-2014 |
20140105187 | SUPPORT FOR SIGNALING OVER FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIER - Methods, systems, and devices are provided that may support signaling, such as a Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB), over a flexible bandwidth carrier. For example, an SRB rate for a SRB over for a normal bandwidth carrier may be identified. A Transmission Time Interval (TTI) may be determined for the SRB over for the flexible bandwidth carrier that facilitates a SRB rate of the SRB over the flexible bandwidth carrier that maintains at least the SRB rate for the SRB over the normal bandwidth carrier. The determined TTI may be utilized for the SRB over the flexible bandwidth carrier, which may help avoid increased call setup delay, increased latency for handover, etc. that may be introduced in flexible bandwidth carrier systems. Some embodiments may include reducing spreading factors, increasing transmission power, and/or concatenating multiple transport blocks with respect to the SRB over the flexible bandwidth carrier. | 04-17-2014 |
20150105065 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING A SECOND RECEIVER TO ESTABLISH TIME AND FREQUENCY - Apparatus and methods for synchronizing a network element (e.g. access points, femtocells, etc.) to a master network (such as a cellular network) to provide accurate frequency and/or time references for their internal systems. In one embodiment, the network element utilizes a dedicated receiver (or transceiver) to receive timing information from the master network. The implementation of the dedicated receiver is advantageous for cost and simplicity reasons. Furthermore, the timing or frequency information, as received from the master network, is used to correct the network element's internal timing. In addition, the network element's internal timing can operate in open-loop mode, if no master network can be found, thereby allowing for the device to continue providing service to network users. Additionally, a dedicated receiver can also receive information (e.g. location, SID, NID, SSID, etc.) local to the network element, such information may be useful or required for seamless operation within the master network. | 04-16-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20140153500 | METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND DEVICES FOR CONFIGURING MAXIMUM TRANSMIT POWER - Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for configuring maximum allowed transmit power for wireless communications systems. Some embodiments treat multiple traffic types, such as voice traffic and data traffic, separately with respect to one or more maximum allowed transmit power limits. In some cases, at least first transmit power limit for at least a first traffic type and/or at least a second transmit power limit for at least a second traffic type may be determined. At least the first transmit power limit with respect to the first traffic type or the second transmit power limit with respect to the second traffic type may be utilized. Some embodiments are configured to utilize flexible bandwidth carriers. | 06-05-2014 |
20140274091 | PAGING FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIER SYSTEMS - Methods, systems, and devices are provided that may support paging over a flexible bandwidth carrier. For example, a reduced paging capacity with respect to a target paging capacity for the flexible bandwidth carrier may be identified. The reduced paging capacity for the flexible bandwidth carrier may be mitigated by various techniques. One technique may include increasing a number of paging indicators sent per frame over the flexible bandwidth carrier. Other techniques may include reducing a Spreading Factor (SF) for a physical channel or a Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH) carrying the paging indicators over the flexible bandwidth carrier. Further techniques may include utilizing a plurality of paging channels, which may include utilizing a plurality of Paging Indicator Channels (PICHs) or a plurality of SCCPCHs. Other techniques may include reducing a paging area for at least the flexible bandwidth carrier and a normal bandwidth carrier. | 09-18-2014 |
20150092638 | DISCONTINUOUS TRANSMISSION TIMING FOR SYSTEMS WITH FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIER - Methods, systems, and devices are provided for discontinuous transmission (DTX) in systems that utilize one or more flexible bandwidth carriers. Tools and techniques are provided that may help ensure signaling alignment, such as with respect to DTX cycles, in systems that may utilize one or more flexible bandwidth carriers. Such methods may include identifying at least a DTX cycle for a first cell or a DTX cycle for a second cell, wherein at least the first cell or the second cell utilizes at least one of the one or more flexible bandwidth carriers; and adjusting one or more DTX parameters for at least the first cell or the second cell to align the DTX cycle for the second cell with the DTX cycle for the first cell such that the DTX cycle for the second cell at least partially overlaps the DTX cycle for the first cell. | 04-02-2015 |
20150092672 | SYSTEM INFORMATION FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS WITH FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIER - Methods, systems, and devices are provided for system information management in a wireless communications. A user equipment (UE) may identify a first value of a value tag in a first carrier, read a system information block (SIB) on the first carrier associated with the value tag, and identify a second value of the value tag in a second carrier. The UE may compare the first value with the second value and determine whether the read SIB on the first carrier may be utilized on the second carrier. Other techniques may include identifying a first value of a value tag for a first carrier linked with a SIB transmitted over the first carrier. The techniques may include determining a second value of the value tag for a second carrier indicating whether the SIB transmitted over the first carrier may be utilized on the second carrier. | 04-02-2015 |
20150092674 | SYSTEM INFORMATION FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS WITH FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIER - Methods, systems, and devices are provided for system information management in a wireless communications. A user equipment (UE) may identify a first value of a value tag in a first carrier, read a system information block (SIB) on the first carrier associated with the value tag, and identify a second value of the value tag in a second carrier. The UE may compare the first value with the second value and determine whether the read SIB on the first carrier may be utilized on the second carrier. Other techniques may include identifying a first value of a value tag for a first carrier linked with a SIB transmitted over the first carrier. The techniques may include determining a second value of the value tag for a second carrier indicating whether the SIB transmitted over the first carrier may be utilized on the second carrier. | 04-02-2015 |
20150092752 | GRANT PROCESSING FOR FLEXIBLE BANDWIDTH CARRIER SYSTEMS - Methods, systems, and devices are described for control information processing and utilization in a wireless communications system that utilizes one or more flexible bandwidth carriers. The methods may include receiving control information over a first channel of one of the one or more flexible bandwidth carriers, determining a processing time for the received control information over the first channel of the one of the one or more flexible bandwidth carriers based on a processing time of control information for another bandwidth carrier, and utilizing the received control information over the first channel of the one of the one or more flexible bandwidth carriers during a first transmission time interval of the first channel of the one of the one or more flexible bandwidth carriers subsequent to the processing time for the received control information over the first channel of the one of the one or more flexible bandwidth carriers. | 04-02-2015 |
20150327043 | SMALL CELL ACTIVATION CONTROL OF PORTABLE MULTI-PURPOSE WIRELESS DEVICE - In a network node, wireless device, or both, a method for controlling activation or deactivation of a small cell activity of a portable multi-purpose wireless device in a wireless communications network may include determining a geographic location of a portable multi-purpose wireless device. The device may be capable of two or more different states of small cell activity, including an activated state, a deactivated state, or a latent state. The method may include controlling a current one of the two or more different states of the small-cell capability of the portable multi-purpose wireless device, based at least in part on the geographic location. The network node, the wireless device, or both may activate or deactivate the small cell activity, or place it into a latent state, based on additional factors. In addition to its small cell capabilities, the wireless device may perform user function unrelated to the wireless network. | 11-12-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20140115363 | MODAL WORKLOAD SCHEDULING IN A HETEROGENEOUS MULTI-PROCESSOR SYSTEM ON A CHIP - Various embodiments of methods and systems for mode-based reallocation of workloads in a portable computing device (“PCD”) that contains a heterogeneous, multi-processor system on a chip (“SoC”) are disclosed. Because individual processing components in a heterogeneous, multi-processor SoC may exhibit different performance capabilities or strengths, and because more than one of the processing components may be capable of processing a given block of code, mode-based reallocation systems and methodologies can be leveraged to optimize quality of service (“QoS”) by allocating workloads in real time, or near real time, to the processing components most capable of processing the block of code in a manner that meets the performance goals of an operational mode. Operational modes may be determined by the recognition of one or more mode-decision conditions in the PCD. | 04-24-2014 |
20140122689 | DYNAMIC ADJUSTMENT OF AN INTERRUPT LATENCY THRESHOLD AND A RESOURCE SUPPORTING A PROCESSOR IN A PORTABLE COMPUTING DEVICE - A portable computing device includes a modem and an application processor communicatively coupled by a data bus. The modem communicates a target data throughput in accordance with an identified data call. In response, the application processor determines whether an adjustment of an interrupt latency threshold is warranted to support the target data throughput identified by the modem. Otherwise, the application processor executes no such adjustment. In addition, the modem requests a desired performance of an application processor resource. In response, the application processor adjusts a control input of the application processor controlled resource. A change in a present data transfer session triggers the modem to communicate a revised target data throughput and/or a revised request for a desired performance of an application processor resource. | 05-01-2014 |
20140149753 | Thermal Power Budget Allocation for Maximum User Experience - A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for allocating a total power budget among a plurality of components of a user device are provided. The apparatus prioritizes the plurality of components based on a user experience model (performance/power model) for each of the plurality of components. The user experience model (performance/power model) of a component includes a measure of component attribute as a function of component power consumption. The apparatus allocates portions of the total power budget among the user-device components based on priority established by the user experience model. The apparatus may further prioritize the components based on weights assigned to the components. | 05-29-2014 |
20140195837 | ENHANCED DYNAMIC MEMORY MANAGEMENT WITH INTELLIGENT CURRENT/POWER CONSUMPTION MINIMIZATION - A low-power state current/power consumption for each volatile memory device in a plurality of volatile memory devices is obtained. Data is copied from a first set of the volatile memory devices to a second set of the volatile memory devices, where the second set of volatile memory devices has a lower current/power consumption than the first set of volatile memory devices. Additionally, a current/power consumption may be obtained for each memory bank within each of the plurality of volatile memory devices. Data is then copied from a first set of memory banks to a second set of memory banks within the same memory device in the second set of memory devices, where the second set of memory banks has lower current/power consumption than the first set of memory banks. The first set of volatile memory devices and/or first set of memory banks are then placed into a power-down state. | 07-10-2014 |
20140249690 | THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE BASED ON SENSATION MODEL - Some implementations provide a method for performing thermal management of an electronic device. The method determines a sensation value based on (i) a temperature of the electronic device, and (ii) a temperature rate change of the electronic device. The method associates a discomfort level from a plurality of discomfort levels, based on the determined sensation value, to the electronic device. At least one discomfort level is dynamically adjustable. The discomfort level specifies a maximum allowed activity for a processing unit of the electronic device. In some implementations, the discomfort level specifies how thermally uncomfortable the electronic device is for a user of the electronic device. In some implementations, each discomfort level from the several discomfort levels is associated with a particular range of sensation values. The sensation value is based on a user adjustable sensation model. The user adjustable sensation model is based on one of several thermal coefficient constants. | 09-04-2014 |
20140256375 | Detecting Electromagnetic Energy for Alarm or Log Using Mobile Phone Devices - A mobile phone is configured to employ existing antennae or other exiting input electronics to receive electromagnetic waves, for detection of energy magnitudes. The mobile phone has wireless receiver electronics to receive, through the antennae, communication signals in a plurality of different communication bands that correspond to the plurality of different frequency ranges. Energy levels of electromagnetic waves received through the plurality of antennae are detected. A record is made of energy levels in the plurality of different frequency ranges. An alarm is provided upon a detected energy level crossing a predefined threshold value. | 09-11-2014 |
20140359324 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INTELLIGENT MULTIMEDIA-BASED THERMAL POWER MANAGEMENT IN A PORTABLE COMPUTING DEVICE - Various embodiments of methods and systems for intelligent multimedia-based thermal power management implemented in a portable computing device (“PCD”) are disclosed. To reduce or increase power consumption in the PCD, embodiments adjust one or more visual multimedia parameters, the settings of which contribute to power consumption associated with an overall multimedia workload. The selection of visual multimedia parameters for setting adjustment is a function of the change in user experience versus the change in power consumption that will likely result from the setting adjustment. Exemplary visual multimedia parameters for which settings may be adjusted by certain embodiments include, but are not limited to, color depth, display brightness, GPU processing resolution, image dynamics algorithm selection, resolution scaling ratios and frames per second processing rates. | 12-04-2014 |
20140359338 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANAGING RECHARGEABLE POWER SOURCES IN A PORTABLE COMPUTING DEVICE WITH TWO OR MORE USAGE MODES - Systems and methods for managing rechargeable power in a portable computing device (“PCD”) having two or more usage modes. One embodiment method involves logically dividing a rechargeable power source in the PCD into a first logical power source and a second logical power source. The first logical power source is assigned to a first usage mode. The second logical power source is assigned to a second usage mode. The first and second logical power sources are managed according to the respective first and second usage modes. | 12-04-2014 |
20150046604 | FLEXIBLE HARDWARE MODULE ASSIGNMENT FOR ENHANCED PERFORMANCE - A system is disclosed for mapping operating-system-identified addresses for substantially-identical hardware modules into performance-parameter-based addresses for the hardware modules. The mapping is accomplished by configuring a flexible I/O interface responsive to a characterization of at least one performance parameter for each hardware module. | 02-12-2015 |
20150046685 | Intelligent Multicore Control For Optimal Performance Per Watt - The various aspects provide for a device and methods for intelligent multicore control of a plurality of processor cores of a multicore integrated circuit. The aspects may identify and activate an optimal set of processor cores to achieve the lowest level power consumption for a given workload or the highest performance for a given power budget. The optimal set of processor cores may be the number of active processor cores or a designation of specific active processor cores. When a temperature reading of the processor cores is below a threshold, a set of processor cores may be selected to provide the lowest power consumption for the given workload. When the temperature reading of the processor cores is above the threshold, a set processor cores may be selected to provide the best performance for a given power budget. | 02-12-2015 |
20150061754 | Corner-Case Emulation Tool for Thermal Power Testing - The various aspects provide for an IC design and methods for utilizing the IC design to emulate corner case ICs during power/thermal testing of a test system by installing a specially chosen IC on the test system. The chosen IC may be a fully functioning IC that also includes a leakage-add controller and a current leak circuit. The current leak circuit may simulate additional current leakage on the IC and may be driven by the leakage-add controller. The chosen IC may also include a programmable voltage table for adjusting the chosen IC's operational voltage. The chosen IC may emulate the thermal characteristics of various corner-case ICs while performing normal IC activities on the test system during power/thermal testing, thereby eliminating current limitations in thermal/power testing of test systems due to the difficulty of providing corner-case ICs and testing those corner-case ICs on various test systems. | 03-05-2015 |
20150067377 | Method, Devices and Systems for Dynamic Multimedia Data Flow Control for Thermal Power Budgeting - Methods and devices for managing data flows for concurrent multimedia applications executing on a device including a SoC, in response to determining that a temperature or power consumption exceeds a threshold are disclosed. A lowest priority data flow may be identified. A data flow path associated with the identified lowest priority data flow may be traced. A multimedia parameter of any hardware module along the data flow path may be reduced. When the temperature or power consumption no longer exceeds the threshold, a highest priority data flow among the multimedia applications that has had the multimedia parameter reduced may be identified. A data flow path for a data flow associated with the identified highest priority data flow may be traced. The multimedia parameter may be restored to an original value along the traced data flow path for the data flow associated with the identified highest priority data flow. | 03-05-2015 |
20150137598 | DYNAMIC VOLTAGE ADJUST CIRCUITS AND METHODS - In one embodiment, an electronic system comprises one or more power circuits configured to receive a first voltage from an external power source and produce a second voltage to one or more electronic components of the electronic system, and a power management circuit configured to determine one or more output currents of the one or more power circuits, wherein the power management circuit causes the external power source to change the first voltage based on at least one output current of at least one power circuit to reduce power loss of the at least one power circuit. | 05-21-2015 |
20150143142 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DYNAMIC DCVS ADJUSTMENT AND WORKLOAD SCHEDULING IN A SYSTEM ON A CHIP - Various embodiments of methods and systems for dynamically adjusting operating frequency settings of one or more processing components in a portable computing device (“PCD”) are disclosed. One such method involves receiving a request to adjust an operating frequency setting of a processing component to a required frequency (“F_req”) to process a workload. Factor readings associated with the operating capacity of the processing component may be taken. Based on the readings, performance curves associated with the processing component may be queried. The performance curves are used to determine the optimal operating frequency (“F_opt”) for the processing component. The F_opt is compared to the F_req and, if the F_req is less than F_opt, the operating frequency setting of the processing component is set to F_opt. Advantageously, as compared to F_req, at F_opt workload processing may be more efficient and a low power mode may be entered sooner. | 05-21-2015 |
20150143143 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING A CORE VOLTAGE LEVEL AND ENHANCING FREQUENCY PERFORMANCE OF INDIVIDUAL SUBCOMPONENTS FOR REDUCING POWER CONSUMPTION WITHIN A PCD - A method and system for optimizing a core voltage level of a portable computing device (“PCD”) and enhancing frequency performance of individual subcomponents are disclosed. A plurality of voltage values is determined for a plurality of subcomponents within the PCD. Next, a reduced set of voltage values may be calculated with a voltage aggregator based on the plurality of voltage values. An optimized voltage level for a shared power domain may then be determined by a voltage optimizer within the PCD from the reduced set of voltage values. A shared power domain may then be set to the optimized voltage level. Subsequently, an operating frequency of each subcomponent may be optimized with a frequency performance enhancer based on the optimized voltage level. An optimal power collapse duration may also be calculated by the frequency performance enhancer and set for each subcomponent from the optimal frequency. | 05-21-2015 |
20150143148 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING A CORE VOLTAGE LEVEL AND ENHANCING FREQUENCY PERFORMANCE OF INDIVIDUAL SUBCOMPONENTS FOR REDUCING POWER CONSUMPTION WITHIN A PCD - A method and system for optimizing a core voltage level of a portable computing device (“PCD”) and enhancing frequency performance of individual subcomponents are disclosed. A plurality of voltage values for a plurality of subsystems is determined. At least one subsystem is a multiplexed subsystem. Next, a reduced set of voltage values is calculated based on the plurality of voltage values and an optimized voltage level is determined for a shared power domain. The shared power domain is subsequently set to the optimized voltage level. If the optimized voltage level is determined to exceed a required voltage level for the at least one multiplexed subsystem when it is running the plurality of processing engines, a subset of the plurality of processing engines may be identified to process a workload of the multiplexed system at a more efficient level of power consumption than the full plurality of processing engines. | 05-21-2015 |
20150160709 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR BALANCED USER EXPERIENCE IN A MULTIMEDIA CONFERENCING COMMUNITY - Various embodiments of methods and systems for balancing user experience in a multimedia conferencing community are disclosed. An exemplary embodiment envisions a portable computing device (“PCD”) receiving data indicative of one or more visual multimedia parameter settings in a companion PCD of the community. Based on the received data, the PCD may determine an adjustment to the settings of one or more of its own visual multimedia parameters such that a multimedia output in the form of a data packet stream is adjusted. In this way, the PCD may conserve power consumption by avoiding unnecessary multimedia workload processing for encoding a multimedia output that would not benefit the quality of service (“QoS”) delivered by the companion PCD. Additionally, by optimizing the quality of the multimedia output in view of the companion device parameter settings, the PCD may allocate more of its power budget to improving its own QoS level. | 06-11-2015 |
20150178138 | MULTI-CORE DYNAMIC WORKLOAD MANAGEMENT - A dynamic scheduler is provided that schedules tasks for a plurality of cores based upon current operating characteristics for the cores. The current operating characteristics include a predicted leakage current for each core based upon an analytical model. | 06-25-2015 |
20150179149 | DYNAMIC GPU & VIDEO RESOLUTION CONTROL USING THE RETINA PERCEPTION MODEL - A method and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE determines a viewing distance between a display and a user, and determines a minimum resolution based on the viewing distance. In addition, the UE determines to reduce power consumption in the UE. Furthermore, the UE sets a resolution of graphics rendering or video decoding for display on the display to the minimum resolution upon determining to reduce the power consumption in the UE. The minimum resolution and a resolution greater than the minimum resolution may be indistinguishable to at least one eye of the user. The distance between the display and the user may be measured using a camera, an ultrasound sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, or a short-range distance sensor. The UE may apply at least one adjustment factor to enhance or degrade the minimum resolution. | 06-25-2015 |
20150181117 | THERMAL AND POWER MANAGEMENT - In an example, a method includes determining, by an electronic device, a user experience metric associated with content captured by at least one camera of the electronic device. The method also includes adjusting at least one operating parameter of the device to produce an operating characteristic target, wherein the adjustment is based on an estimated change to the determined user experience metric due to the adjustment. | 06-25-2015 |
20150181208 | THERMAL AND POWER MANAGEMENT WITH VIDEO CODING - In an example, a method includes encoding video data at a first video quality using an encoding parameter, and determining an operating characteristic of one or more components of an electronic device configured to record the video data. The method also includes adjusting the encoding parameter based at least in part on the determined operating characteristic and while maintaining the first video quality, and encoding the video data at the first video quality using the adjusted encoding parameter. | 06-25-2015 |
20150241092 | ACTIVE HEAT FLOW CONTROL WITH THERMOELECTRIC LAYERS - Methods and apparatuses for controlling heat flow in a mobile system. The method includes determining a temperature value for each of at least one temperature sensors. The method determines a delta value of a current temperature threshold at each of the plurality of locations. The method maps each delta value to a thermal module. The method calculates a heat flow direction signal to minimize positive delta values using at least one of the following: a system level model and an IC level thermal model. The method transmits the heat flow direction signal to at least one thermoelectric module, wherein the thermoelectric module is associated with more than one temperature sensor. | 08-27-2015 |
20150277536 | Apparatus, System and Method for Dynamic Power Management Across Heterogeneous Processors in a Shared Power Domain - Systems and methods for dynamically adjusting an input parameter to a power domain in a portable computing device are disclosed. The power domain includes two or more processing resources that share a power source. Dynamic use of the two or more processing resources creates an opportunity to adjust the input parameter when a status change associated with a processing resource in the power domain occurs. A controller in the power domain includes logic that responds to a status indicator associated with a respective processing resource in the power domain by generating a control signal that directs a device to adjust one or both of input voltage and clock frequency. | 10-01-2015 |
20150286225 | ENERGY EFFICIENCY AWARE THERMAL MANAGEMENT IN A MULTI-PROCESSOR SYSTEM ON A CHIP - Various embodiments of methods and systems for energy efficiency aware thermal management in a portable computing device that contains a heterogeneous, multi-processor system on a chip (“SoC”) are disclosed. Because individual processing components in a heterogeneous, multi-processor SoC may exhibit different processing efficiencies at a given temperature, energy efficiency aware thermal management techniques that compare performance data of the individual processing components at their measured operating temperatures can be leveraged to optimize quality of service (“QoS”) by adjusting the power supplies to, reallocating workloads away from, or transitioning the power mode of, the least energy efficient processing components. In these ways, embodiments of the solution optimize the average amount of power consumed across the SoC to process a MIPS of workload. | 10-08-2015 |
20150286257 | ENERGY EFFICIENCY AWARE THERMAL MANAGEMENT IN A MULTI-PROCESSOR SYSTEM ON A CHIP - Various embodiments of methods and systems for energy efficiency aware thermal management in a portable computing device that contains a heterogeneous, multi-processor system on a chip (“SoC”) are disclosed. Because individual processing components in a heterogeneous, multi-processor SoC may exhibit different processing efficiencies at a given temperature, energy efficiency aware thermal management techniques that compare performance data of the individual processing components at their measured operating temperatures can be leveraged to optimize quality of service (“QoS”) by adjusting the power supplies to, reallocating workloads away from, or transitioning the power mode of, the least energy efficient processing components. In these ways, embodiments of the solution optimize the average amount of power consumed across the SoC to process a MIPS of workload. | 10-08-2015 |
20150286262 | ENERGY EFFICIENCY AWARE THERMAL MANAGEMENT IN A MULTI-PROCESSOR SYSTEM ON A CHIP - Various embodiments of methods and systems for energy efficiency aware thermal management in a portable computing device that contains a heterogeneous, multi-processor system on a chip (“SoC”) are disclosed. Because individual processing components in a heterogeneous, multi-processor SoC may exhibit different processing efficiencies at a given temperature, energy efficiency aware thermal management techniques that compare performance data of the individual processing components at their measured operating temperatures can be leveraged to optimize quality of service (“QoS”) by adjusting the power supplies to, reallocating workloads away from, or transitioning the power mode of, the least energy efficient processing components. In these ways, embodiments of the solution optimize the average amount of power consumed across the SoC to process a MIPS of workload. | 10-08-2015 |
20150317762 | CPU/GPU DCVS CO-OPTIMIZATION FOR REDUCING POWER CONSUMPTION IN GRAPHICS FRAME PROCESSING - Systems, methods, and computer programs are disclosed for minimizing power consumption in graphics frame processing. One such method comprises: initiating graphics frame processing to be cooperatively performed by a central processing unit (CPU) and a graphics processing unit (GPU); receiving CPU activity data and GPU activity data; determining a set of available dynamic clock and voltage/frequency scaling (DCVS) levels for the GPU and the CPU; and selecting from the set of available DCVS levels an optimal combination of a GPU DCVS level and a CPU DCVS level, based on the CPU and GPU activity data, which minimizes a combined power consumption of the CPU and the GPU during the graphics frame processing. | 11-05-2015 |
20150355660 | ENHANCED CORE POWER REDUCTION - An IC includes a first core and a second core configured to operate in a common power domain. In a case tasks are running on the at least two cores, a control circuit is configured to adjust a voltage for the common power domain based on an electrical characteristic of the first core with a higher threshold operating voltage than the second core, and to adjust an operating frequency for the second core which can run at a higher operating frequency than the first core based on the voltage for the common power domain. In another case, a task or tasks are run on one core only. An IC includes a control circuit configured to select a core with lower minimum operating voltage for the task or tasks based on electrical characteristics of the cores to lower the voltage of the common power domain. | 12-10-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100321132 | TUNABLE MEMS RESONATORS - Tunable MEMS resonators having adjustable resonance frequency and capable of handling large signals are described. In one exemplary design, a tunable MEMS resonator includes (i) a first part having a cavity and a post and (ii) a second part mated to the first part and including a movable plate located under the post. Each part may be covered with a metal layer on the surface facing the other part. The movable plate may be mechanically moved by a DC voltage to vary the resonance frequency of the MEMS resonator. The cavity may have a rectangular or circular shape and may be empty or filled with a dielectric material. The post may be positioned in the middle of the cavity. The movable plate may be attached to the second part (i) via an anchor and operated as a cantilever or (ii) via two anchors and operated as a bridge. | 12-23-2010 |
20110109383 | MEMS VARACTORS - MEMS varactors capable of handling large signals and/or achieving a high capacitance tuning range are described. In an exemplary design, a MEMS varactor includes (i) a first bottom plate electrically coupled to a first terminal receiving an input signal, (ii) a second bottom plate electrically coupled to a second terminal receiving a DC voltage, and (iii) a top plate formed over the first and second bottom plates and electrically coupled to a third terminal. The DC voltage causes the top plate to mechanically move and vary the capacitance observed by the input signal. In another exemplary design, a MEMS varactor includes first, second and third plates formed on over one another and electrically coupled to first, second and third terminals, respectively. First and second DC voltages may be applied to the first and third terminals, respectively. An input signal may be passed between the first and second terminals. | 05-12-2011 |
20110316657 | Three Dimensional Wire Bond Inductor and Transformer - A three-dimensional inductor or transformer for an electronic packaging system that includes a plurality of conductive traces and a plurality of conductive wire bonds. The traces are located in a single layer, and each have a first and second pad. Each of the wire bonds couples the second pad of one trace to the first pad of another trace. The trace and wire bonds create a continuous conductive path from the first pad of a first trace to the second pad of a last trace. Passing a current from the first trace to the last trace creates an electromagnetic field between the single layer and the wire bonds. The transformer includes two independent and electromagnetically coupled inductors that can be interleaved. The continuous conductive path can be solenoid-shaped. A shielding layer can also be included that blocks the substrate from the electromagnetic field of the inductor or transformer. | 12-29-2011 |
20120274647 | PIEZOELECTRIC RESONATORS AND FABRICATION PROCESSES - This disclosure provides implementations of electromechanical systems resonator structures, devices, apparatus, systems, and related processes. In one aspect, a sacrificial layer is deposited on an insulating substrate. A lower electrode layer is formed proximate the sacrificial layer. A piezoelectric layer is deposited on the lower electrode layer. An upper electrode layer is formed on the piezoelectric layer. At least a portion of the sacrificial layer is removed to define a cavity such that at least a portion of the lower electrode layer is spaced apart from the insulating substrate. | 11-01-2012 |
20120293520 | PIEZOELECTRIC RESONATORS WITH CONFIGURATIONS HAVING NO GROUND CONNECTIONS TO ENHANCE ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING - This disclosure provides implementations of electromechanical systems resonator structures, devices, apparatus, systems, and related processes. In one aspect, resonator apparatus includes a first conductive layer including a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode is coupled to receive a first input signal, and the second electrode is coupled to provide a first output signal. A piezoelectric layer includes a piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric layer has a first side and a second side opposite the first side. The first side is proximate the first conductive layer, and the second side is electrically isolated from ground. In some examples, the second side of the piezoelectric layer can be exposed and/or electrically de-coupled from one or more components. | 11-22-2012 |
20120302188 | TUNABLE MULTI-BAND RECEIVER - A tunable multi-band receiver supporting operation on a plurality of frequency bands is disclosed. In an exemplary design, the tunable multi-band receiver includes an antenna tuning network, a tunable notch filter, and at least one low noise amplifier (LNA). The antenna tuning network tunes an antenna (e.g., a diversity antenna) to a receive band in a plurality of receive bands. The tunable notch filter is tunable to a transmit band in a plurality of transmit bands and attenuates signal components in the transmit band. One LNA among the at least one LNA amplifies an output signal from the tunable notch filter. The tunable multi-band receiver may further include one or more additional tunable notch filters to further attenuate the signal components in the transmit band. | 11-29-2012 |
20130120080 | SPURIOUS-MODE SUPPRESSION PIEZOELECTRIC RESONATOR DESIGN - Provided are methods and apparatus to improve upon conventional piezoelectric resonators. Also provided are apparatus and methods to improve upon filters having piezoelectric resonators. In an example, a piezoelectric resonator includes a substrate, and a piezoelectric material disposed on the substrate. A first electrode and a second electrode are disposed on the piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric resonator has a passband, and a portion of the perimeter of the piezoelectric material is anchored to the substrate to suppress an in-band spurious mode of the piezoelectric material. The portion, if unanchored, would exhibit maximum, near-maximum, and/or excessive displacement deflection at resonance. The piezoelectric resonator can be integrated in a semiconductor die. Multiple filters having piezoelectric resonators with respective different passbands can be disposed on the substrate. | 05-16-2013 |
20130120951 | STACKED CMOS CHIPSET HAVING AN INSULATING LAYER AND A SECONDARY LAYER AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME - A chipset includes a sheet of glass, quartz or sapphire and a first wafer having at least one first circuit layer on a first side of a first substrate layer. The first wafer is connected to the sheet such that the at least one first circuit layer is located between the first substrate layer and the sheet. A second wafer having at least one second circuit layer on a first side of a second substrate layer is connected to the first substrate layer such that the at least one second circuit layer is located between the second substrate layer and the first substrate layer. Also a method of forming a chipset. | 05-16-2013 |
20130176657 | ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS VARIABLE CAPACITANCE ASSEMBLY - This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a variable capacitance apparatus. In one aspect, an apparatus includes a plurality of electromechanical systems varactors connected in parallel. Each of the plurality of electromechanical systems varactors includes a first, a second, and a third metal layer. The first metal layer includes a first bias electrode. The second metal layer is spaced apart from the first metal layer to define a first air gap, and includes a first radio frequency electrode. A third metal layer is spaced apart from the second metal layer to define a second air gap, and includes a second radio frequency electrode and a second bias electrode. The second bias electrode of each of the plurality of electromechanical systems varactors has a different projected area perpendicular to a surface of the second metal layer and onto the surface of the second metal layer. | 07-11-2013 |
20130278359 | TWO- AND THREE-SUBSTRATE LEVEL PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING EVANESCENT MODE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE CAVITY RESONATORS - This disclosure provides implementations of electromechanical systems (EMS) resonator structures, devices, apparatus, systems, and related processes. In one aspect, a method includes providing a first substrate and a second substrate. In some implementations, the first substrate includes a cavity ceiling, an array of dielectric spacers, and an assembly platform arranged adjacent the array of dielectric spacers opposite the cavity ceiling surface. The assembly platform includes a plurality of post tops. In some implementations, the second substrate has an array of cavities and an array of resonator posts. In some implementations, the method includes mating the first substrate with the second substrate, connecting the post tops with the posts to form an array that includes a plurality of evanescent-mode electromagnetic wave cavity resonators, wherein at least a statically-defined magnitude of a gap distance between the distal surface of each post top and the cavity ceiling is defined by the dielectric spacers. | 10-24-2013 |
20130278609 | ISOTROPICALLY-ETCHED CAVITIES FOR EVANESCENT-MODE ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE CAVITY RESONATORS - This disclosure provides implementations of electromechanical systems (EMS) resonator structures, devices, apparatus, systems, and related processes. In one aspect, a device includes an evanescent-mode electromagnetic-wave cavity resonator. In some implementations, the resonator includes an isotropically-etched cavity operable to support one or more evanescent electromagnetic wave modes. In some implementations, the resonator also includes a cavity ceiling arranged to form a volume in conjunction with the isotropically-etched cavity. In some implementations, the resonator also includes a capacitive tuning structure having a portion that is located at least partially within the volume so as to support the evanescent electromagnetic wave modes. In some implementations, a distal surface of the tuning structure is separated from the closest surface to it by a gap distance, a resonant electromagnetic wave mode of the cavity resonator being dependent at least partially on the gap distance. | 10-24-2013 |
20130278610 | TOPPED-POST DESIGNS FOR EVANESCENT-MODE ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE CAVITY RESONATORS - This disclosure provides implementations of electromechanical systems (EMS) resonator structures, devices, apparatus, systems, and related processes. In one aspect, a device includes an evanescent-mode electromagnetic-wave cavity resonator that includes a cavity operable to support one or more evanescent electromagnetic wave modes. The resonator includes a cavity ceiling arranged to form a volume in conjunction with the cavity. The resonator also includes a capacitive tuning structure. In some implementations, the resonator also includes a post top positioned at a distal surface of the capacitive tuning structure. In some implementations, the post top has a dimension that is larger than a corresponding dimension of the capacitive tuning structure. In some implementations, a distal surface of the post top is separated from a surface by a gap distance, a resonant electromagnetic wave mode of the cavity resonator being dependent at least partially upon the gap distance and the dimension of the post top. | 10-24-2013 |
20130278998 | IN-PLANE RESONATOR STRUCTURES FOR EVANESCENT-MODE ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE CAVITY RESONATORS - This disclosure provides implementations of electromechanical systems (EMS) resonator structures, devices, apparatus, systems, and related processes. In one aspect, a device includes an evanescent-mode electromagnetic-wave cavity resonator. In some implementations, the cavity resonator includes a lower cavity portion and an upper cavity portion that together form a volume. The cavity resonator also includes an in-plane lithographically-defined resonator structure having a portion that is located at least partially within the volume to support one or more evanescent electromagnetic wave modes. In some implementations, an upper surface of the resonator structure is connected with the upper cavity portion while a lower mating surface is connected with the lower cavity portion. A distal surface of the resonator structure is separated or electrically insulated from the closest surface to it by a gap distance, a resonant electromagnetic wave mode of the cavity resonator being dependent at least partially upon the gap distance. | 10-24-2013 |
20140009862 | MEMS VARACTORS - Tunable MEMS resonators having adjustable resonance frequency and capable of handling large signals are described. In one exemplary design, a tunable MEMS resonator includes (i) a first part having a cavity and a post and (ii) a second part mated to the first part and including a movable layer located under the post. Each part may be covered with a metal layer on the surface facing the other part. The movable plate may be mechanically moved by a DC voltage to vary the resonance frequency of the MEMS resonator. The cavity may have a rectangular or circular shape and may be empty or filled with a dielectric material. The post may be positioned in the middle of the cavity. The movable plate may be attached to the second part (i) via an anchor and operated as a cantilever or (ii) via two anchors and operated as a bridge. | 01-09-2014 |
20140035702 | HYBRID FILTER INCLUDING LC- AND MEMS-BASED RESONATORS - This disclosure provides implementations of filters and filter topologies, circuits, structures, devices, apparatus, systems, and related processes. In one aspect, a device includes one or more LC resonant circuit stages. In some implementations, each LC stage includes an inductor and a capacitor. Each LC stage also has a corresponding resonant frequency. The one or more LC stages are arranged to produce an unmodified passband over a range of frequencies having a corresponding bandwidth. One or more microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonators are arranged with the one or more LC stages. The one or more MEMS resonators are arranged with the one or more LC stages so as to modify characteristics of the unmodified passband such that the hybrid filter produces a modified passband having a modified bandwidth and one or more other modified band characteristics. | 02-06-2014 |
20140111064 | COMPOSITE DILATION MODE RESONATORS - This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus related to acoustic resonators that include composite transduction layers for enabling selective tuning of one or more acoustic or electromechanical properties. In one aspect, a resonator structure includes one or more first electrodes, one or more second electrodes, and a transduction layer arranged between the first and second electrodes. The transduction layer includes a plurality of constituent layers. In some implementations, the constituent layers include one or more first piezoelectric layers and one or more second piezoelectric layers. The transduction layer is configured to, responsive to signals provided to the first and second electrodes, provide at least a first mode of vibration of the transduction layer with a displacement component along the z axis and at least a second mode of vibration of the transduction layer with a displacement component along the plane of the x axis and they axis. | 04-24-2014 |
20140125432 | SELECTIVE TUNING OF ACOUSTIC DEVICES - This disclosure provides implementations of methods, apparatus and systems for producing acoustic wave devices and for selectively modifying one or more acoustic or electromechanical characteristics of such devices. In one aspect, a method includes depositing a structural layer over a substrate. The structural layer includes a plurality of structural portions, each being positioned over a corresponding device region. The method also includes arranging a mask layer over the structural layer. The mask layer includes a plurality of mask portions, each including a number of mask openings that expose a corresponding region of the structural portion. The method also includes accelerating dopant particles toward the mask layer. The accelerated dopant particles that proceed through the mask openings are impacted into the corresponding structural portion. The impacted dopant particles modify material properties in the structural portion, which then effect a change in the acoustic or electromechanical characteristics of the acoustic wave device. | 05-08-2014 |