Malhotra, CA
Aman Malhotra, Orange, CA US
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20110287390 | ARTISTS KIT - The present invention concerns itself with systems and methods for getting an image on a surface, such as a wall, in a fast, qualitative, and economical way. The present invention is automating the whole painting and/or printing process by giving users, such as parents or guardians, the option to paint a kids room with cartoon characters for example, by themselves, and save money and time in the process, and be happy with the results. | 11-24-2011 |
Aman Malhotra, Corona, CA US
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20140089126 | ONLINE AUCTION SYSTEM - An online auction system includes a set of memory resources that store auction data and one or more processors. The one or more processors implement multiple auction forums for transacting a corresponding set of assets. The one or more processors enable a registrant to participate in any of the multiple auction forums by providing the registrant with multiple interfaces to prompt the user for input or action. In some embodiments, the one or more processors provide an entity type interface to prompt the registrant to declare an entity type of the registrant. The one or more processors operate to determine a set of requirements for the registrant based at least in part on (i) a type designation provided by the user, and (ii) a geographic region of one or more assets that are being transacted by the multiple auction forums. | 03-27-2014 |
Amitaabh Malhotra, Redwood City, CA US
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20090108063 | Wirelessly Communicating Radio Frequency Signals - The present disclosure is directed to a system and method for wirelessly communicating Radio Frequency (RF) signals. In some implementations, a microSD payment system includes an antenna element and a card element. The antenna element affixes to a surface of a mobile device and includes antenna for wireless communicating RF signals with retail terminals and a connection to a microSD card element. The card element includes a shape and dimensions approximately equal to a standard microSD card and wirelessly executes transactions with the retail terminals using the antenna of the antenna element. | 04-30-2009 |
Anish Malhotra, Los Altos, CA US
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20090024977 | LOCAL PREFERRED DIRECTION ARCHITECTURE, TOOLS, AND APPARATUS - model for use with one or more EDA tools (such as placing, routing, etc). An LPD wiring model allows at least one wiring layer to have a set of regions that each have a different preferred direction than the particular wiring layer. In addition, each region has a local preferred direction that differs from the local preferred direction of at least one other region in the set. Furthermore, at least two regions have two different polygonal shapes and no region in the set encompasses another region in the set. Some embodiments also provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that facilitates a visual presentation of an LPD design layout and provides tools to create and manipulate LPD regions in a design layout. | 01-22-2009 |
Anish Malhotra, San Jose, CA US
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20100050143 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ROUTING - Disclosed is a method, system, and computer program product for routing, modeling routes, and measuring congestion. In some embodiments, Gcells are implemented with reduced number of nodes to facilitate route modeling and congestion measurement. Some embodiments are particularly suitable for direct congestion and routing analysis of diagonal routing paths. In this way, congestion analysis can be directly performed along diagonal boundaries for diagonal routes, without requiring association with Gcell boundaries on Manhattan routing layers. | 02-25-2010 |
20100050146 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ROUTING - Disclosed is a method, system, and computer program product for routing, modeling routes, and measuring congestion. In some embodiments, Gcells are implemented with reduced number of nodes to facilitate route modeling and congestion measurement. Some embodiments are particularly suitable for direct congestion and routing analysis of diagonal routing paths. In this way, congestion analysis can be directly performed along diagonal boundaries for diagonal routes, without requiring association with Gcell boundaries on Manhattan routing layers. | 02-25-2010 |
20100180250 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING LAYOUT REGIONS WITH LOCAL PREFERRED DIRECTIONS - Some embodiments of the invention provide a method for defining wiring directions in a design layout having several wiring layers. The method decomposes a first wiring layer into several non-overlapping regions. It assigns at least two different local preferred wiring directions to at least two of the regions. In some embodiments, the method decomposing the first wiring layer by using the vertices of items in the layout to decompose the layout. In some of these embodiments, the items include macro blocks. The method of some embodiments also identifies several power via arrays on the first wiring layer, and identifies a local preferred wiring direction based on the arrangement of the power via arrays on the first wiring layer. | 07-15-2010 |
Dheeraj Malhotra, San Diego, CA US
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20140171371 | Compositions And Methods For The Diagnosis of Schizophrenia - The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. In particular, the instant disclosure is directed to identification of novel copy number variants of sequences associated with the VIPR2 gene, including certain micro-duplications and triplications, and correlation of these copy number variants with schizophrenia. | 06-19-2014 |
Gaurav Malhotra, Santa Clara, CA US
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20110044216 | Systems, circuits and methods for an analog echo canceller with interpolating output - A method and system are described for canceling an echo signal in analog domain with adaptive filters working in digital domain. In one embodiment a system includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampling at two different phases to generate a first error signal and a second error signal having different phases. The ADC operates at a frequency significantly lower than the frequency at which the individual filters run. The first adaptive filter unit and a second adaptive filter unit are independently trained with the first and second error signals. respectively. The first and second adaptive filter units generate echo estimate signals used to cancel the echo signal. | 02-24-2011 |
20110044397 | Analog Echo Canceller with Interpolating Output - A method and system are described for canceling an echo signal with an echo canceller in the analog domain. In one embodiment, a system includes an echo canceller that includes an interpolation unit, operating in a digital domain, that receives a first digital echo estimate signal from an LMS unit and generates a second digital echo estimate signal without oversampling. A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) receives the second digital echo estimate signal and generates an analog echo estimate signal without oversampling. The echo canceller prevents the DAC from adding a high frequency component to the analog echo estimate signal. A subtractor adds the analog echo signal to an incoming signal having an echo signal. The subtractor generates an analog signal with reduced echo signal in the useful frequency band of the incoming signal. | 02-24-2011 |
Gaurav Malhotra, Cupertino, CA US
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20150319015 | EDGE EQUALIZATION VIA ADJUSTMENT OF UNROLL THRESHOLD FOR CROSSING SLICER - A system and method for decision feedback equalization of a crossing slicer. A serial receiver includes a data slicer and a crossing slicer, and implements decision feedback equalization for the data slicer, with a plurality of data weights. The serial receiver also implements decision feedback equalization for the crossing slicer, using crossing weights that are interpolated between corresponding pairs of the data weights. The crossing weights may be formed by any suitable interpolation method, including linear interpolation, cubic interpolation, or spline interpolation. | 11-05-2015 |
Hemant Malhotra, Newark, CA US
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20140161196 | SECURE TRANSCODING OF VIDEO DATA - A secure transcoder assembly features a secure data path where the related crypting and coding functions are secured in the secure data path. More specifically, during transcoding the ingress (received) encrypted video data is decrypted and copied from application memory (that is accessible to the application processor) to secure memory (that is inaccessible to the application processor) by security processor(s). Once in the secured memory, this video data is transcoded. The video data, now in its transcoded form, is re-encrypted by the security processor(s) during the transfer back to application memory for egress (continued transmission). The mode for the re-encrypting may be managed by the application processor via a crypto API, and the application processor may further feature an opaque handle on the data when it is passed to the secure region. | 06-12-2014 |
Kara Malhotra, San Mateo, CA US
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20150300892 | THERMODYNAMIC MODEL GENERATION AND IMPLEMENTATION USING OBSERVED HVAC AND/OR ENCLOSURE CHARACTERISTICS - Techniques for determining and using a thermodynamic model that characterizes a thermodynamic response of an enclosure conditioned by an HVAC system are disclosed. To determine a thermodynamic model, temperature information when the HVAC system operates in a first state may first be received. A response interval may then be determined where the response interval indicates an estimated time between when the HVAC system begins operating in the first state and when the temperature within the enclosure begins to change in a direction associated with the first state. Weighting factors corresponding to basis functions may then be determined, where the weighted basis functions characterize the temperature trajectory of the enclosure in response to the HVAC system operating in the first state. The basis functions may include a first basis function that is evaluated from a time that the HVAC system begins operating in the first state until a time when the response interval ends, and a second basis function that is evaluated beginning at the time when the response interval ends. | 10-22-2015 |
Manoj Malhotra, Sunnyvale, CA US
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20100131352 | MOBILE AD OPTIMIZATION ARCHITECTURE - A method and system fulfills ad requests for delivery of ads to mobile clients in a mobile network. Ad data silos for ad requesters are maintained. The ad data silos are organized according to selected characteristics of the mobile clients of the ad requesters. In response to an incoming request for delivery of an ad, an attempt to fill the incoming request includes at least one of (1) retrieving an ad from a corresponding ad data silo to fulfill the incoming request, and (2) retrieving an ad according to a first priority policy from ad source among the plurality of ad sources to fulfill the incoming request. Also, in response to the incoming request, or other signals that may indicate current activity by the ad requester, an ad is retrieved according to a second priority policy for filling the corresponding ad data silo. | 05-27-2010 |
Mark Malhotra, San Mateo, CA US
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20130274928 | BACKGROUND SCHEDULE SIMULATIONS IN AN INTELLIGENT, NETWORK-CONNECTED THERMOSTAT - The current application is directed to intelligent controllers that initially aggressively learn, and then continue, in a steady-state mode, to monitor, learn, and modify one or more control schedules that specify a desired operational behavior of a device, machine, system, or organization controlled by the intelligent controller. An intelligent controller generally acquires one or more initial control schedules through schedule-creation and schedule-modification interfaces or by accessing a default control schedule stored locally or remotely in a memory or mass-storage device. The intelligent controller then proceeds to learn, over time, a desired operational behavior for the device, machine, system, or organization controlled by the intelligent controller based on immediate-control inputs, schedule-modification inputs, and previous and current control schedules, encoding the desired operational behavior in one or more control schedules and/or sub-schedules. | 10-17-2013 |
20140101082 | AUTOMATED PRESENCE DETECTION AND PRESENCE-RELATED CONTROL WITHIN AN INTELLIGENT CONTROLLER - The current application is directed to intelligent controllers that use sensor output and electronically stored information, including one or more of electronically stored rules, parameters, and instructions, to determine whether or not one or more types of entities are present within an area, volume, or environment monitored by the intelligent controllers. The intelligent controllers select operational modes and modify control schedules with respect to the presence and absence of the one or more entities. The intelligent controllers employ feedback information to continuously adjust the electronically stored parameters and rules in order to minimize the number of incorrect inferences with respect to the presence or absence of the one or more entities and in order to maximize the efficiency by which various types of systems controlled by the intelligent controllers carry out selected operational modes. | 04-10-2014 |
20140156085 | RADIANT HEATING CONTROLS AND METHODS FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM - Embodiments of the invention describe thermostats that use model predictive controls and related methods. A method of controlling a thermostat using a model predictive control may involve determining a parameterized model. The parameterized model may be used to predicted ambient temperature values for an enclosure. A set of radiant heating system control strategies may be selected for evaluation to determine an optimal control strategy from the set of control strategies. To determine the optimal control strategy, a predictive algorithm may be executed, in which each control strategy is applied to the parameterized model to predict an ambient temperature trajectory and each ambient temperature trajectory is processed in view of a predetermined assessment function. Processing the ambient temperature trajectory in this manner may involve minimizing a cost value associated with the ambient temperature trajectory. The radiant heating system may subsequently be controlled according to the selected optimal control strategy. | 06-05-2014 |
20140277761 | CONTROLLING AN HVAC SYSTEM IN ASSOCIATION WITH A DEMAND-RESPONSE EVENT - Apparatus, systems, methods, and related computer program products for carrying out a demand response (DR) event via an intelligent, network-connected thermostat associated with a structure. The systems disclosed include an energy management system in operation with an intelligent, network-connected thermostat located at a structure. The thermostat is operable to control an HVAC system. Control during a DR event period may be performed based on an optimal control trajectory of the HVAC system, where the control trajectory is optimal in that it minimizes a cost function comprising a combination of a first factor representative of a total energy consumption during the DR event period, a second factor representative of a metric of occupant discomfort, and a third factor representative of deviations of a rate of energy consumption over the DR event period. | 09-18-2014 |
20140312128 | GENERATING AND IMPLEMENTING THERMODYNAMIC MODELS OF A STRUCTURE - Apparatus, systems, methods, and related computer program products for generating and implementing thermodynamic models of a structure. Thermostats disclosed herein are operable to control an HVAC system. In controlling the HVAC system, a need to determine an expected indoor temperature profile for a particular schedule of setpoint temperatures may arise. To make such a determination, a thermodynamic model of the structure may be used. The thermodynamic model may be generated by fitting weighting factors of a set of basis functions to a variety of historical data including time information, temperature information, and HVAC actuation state information. The set of basis functions characterize an indoor temperature trajectory of the structure in response to a change in HVAC actuation state, and include an inertial carryover component that characterizes a carryover of a rate of indoor temperature change that was occurring immediately prior to the change in actuation state. | 10-23-2014 |
20140316584 | AUTOMATED ADJUSTMENT OF AN HVAC SCHEDULE FOR RESOURCE CONSERVATION - Apparatus, systems, methods, and related computer program products for optimizing a schedule of setpoint temperatures used in the control of an HVAC system. The systems disclosed include an energy management system in operation with an intelligent, network-connected thermostat located at a structure. The thermostat includes a schedule of setpoint temperatures that is used to control an HVAC system associated with a structure in which the thermostat is located. The schedule of setpoint temperatures is continually adjusted by small, unnoticeable amounts so that the schedule migrates from the original schedule to an optimal schedule. The optimal schedule may be optimal in terms of energy consumption or some other terms. | 10-23-2014 |
20140317029 | SELECTIVE CARRYING OUT OF SCHEDULED CONTROL OPERATIONS BY AN INTELLIGENT CONTROLLER - The current application is directed to intelligent controllers that use sensor output and electronically stored information to determine whether or not one or more types of entities are present within an area, volume, or environment monitored by the intelligent controllers. The intelligent controllers select operational modes and/or modify control schedules with respect to the presence and absence of the one or more entities. The intelligent controllers selectively carry out scheduled control operations during periods of time when one or more types of entities are determined not to be in a controlled environment. | 10-23-2014 |
20150134122 | RADIANT HEATING CONTROLS AND METHODS FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM - Embodiments of the invention describe thermostats that use model predictive controls and related methods. A method of controlling a thermostat using a model predictive control may involve determining a parameterized model. The parameterized model may be used to predicted ambient temperature values for an enclosure. A set of radiant heating system control strategies may be selected for evaluation to determine an optimal control strategy from the set of control strategies. To determine the optimal control strategy, a predictive algorithm may be executed, in which each control strategy is applied to the parameterized model to predict an ambient temperature trajectory and each ambient temperature trajectory is processed in view of a predetermined assessment function. Processing the ambient temperature trajectory in this manner may involve minimizing a cost value associated with the ambient temperature trajectory. The radiant heating system may subsequently be controlled according to the selected optimal control strategy. | 05-14-2015 |
20150241078 | INTELLIGENT CONTROLLER FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM - The current application is directed to intelligent controllers that continuously, periodically, or intermittently monitor progress towards one or more control goals under one or more constraints in order to achieve control that satisfies potentially conflicting goals. An intelligent controller may alter aspects of control, dynamically, while the control is being carried out, in order to ensure that goals are obtained and a balance is achieved between potentially conflicting goals. The intelligent controller uses various types of information to determine an initial control strategy as well as to dynamically adjust the control strategy as the control is being carried out. | 08-27-2015 |
20150300892 | THERMODYNAMIC MODEL GENERATION AND IMPLEMENTATION USING OBSERVED HVAC AND/OR ENCLOSURE CHARACTERISTICS - Techniques for determining and using a thermodynamic model that characterizes a thermodynamic response of an enclosure conditioned by an HVAC system are disclosed. To determine a thermodynamic model, temperature information when the HVAC system operates in a first state may first be received. A response interval may then be determined where the response interval indicates an estimated time between when the HVAC system begins operating in the first state and when the temperature within the enclosure begins to change in a direction associated with the first state. Weighting factors corresponding to basis functions may then be determined, where the weighted basis functions characterize the temperature trajectory of the enclosure in response to the HVAC system operating in the first state. The basis functions may include a first basis function that is evaluated from a time that the HVAC system begins operating in the first state until a time when the response interval ends, and a second basis function that is evaluated beginning at the time when the response interval ends. | 10-22-2015 |
20150370272 | INTELLIGENT CONFIGURATION OF A SMART ENVIRONMENT BASED ON ARRIVAL TIME - A method includes receiving an estimated time of arrival (ETA) relating to an arrival to an environment, an arrival of an event, arrival of an activity, or a combination thereof; and controlling, configuring, or controlling and configuring a smart device based upon the ETA. | 12-24-2015 |
Mark Malhotra, Mountain View, CA US
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20150051741 | PROCESSING AND REPORTING USAGE INFORMATION FOR AN HVAC SYSTEM CONTROLLED BY A NETWORK- CONNECTED THERMOSTAT - Systems and methods are described for interactively, graphically displaying and reporting performance information to a user of an HVAC system controlled by a self-programming network-connected thermostat. The information is made on a remote display device such as a smartphone, tablet computer or other computer, and includes a graphical daily or monthly summary each of several days or months respectively. In response to a user selection of a day, detailed performance information is graphically displayed that can include an indication of HVAC activity on a timeline, the number of hours of HVAC activity, as well as one or more symbols on a timeline indicating setpoint changes, and when a setpoint was changed due to non-occupancy. | 02-19-2015 |
Mark Malhotra, Palo Alto, CA US
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20140236360 | INTELLIGENT CONTROLLER FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM - The current application is directed to intelligent controllers that continuously, periodically, or intermittently monitor progress towards one or more control goals under one or more constraints in order to achieve control that satisfies potentially conflicting goals. An intelligent controller may alter aspects of control, dynamically, while the control is being carried out, in order to ensure that goals are obtained and a balance is achieved between potentially conflicting goals. The intelligent controller uses various types of information to determine an initial control strategy as well as to dynamically adjust the control strategy as the control is being carried out. | 08-21-2014 |
Mark Rajan Malhotra, San Mateo, CA US
Mark Rajan Malhotra, Mountain View, CA US
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20150061859 | SECURITY SCORING IN A SMART-SENSORED HOME - This patent specification relates to apparatus, systems, methods, and related computer program products for providing home security objectives. More particularly, this patent specification relates to a plurality of devices, including intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected devices, that communicate with each other and/or with a central server or a cloud-computing system to provide any of a variety of useful home security objectives. | 03-05-2015 |
Neeraj Malhotra, Los Gatos, CA US
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20130223228 | Resilient Forwarding of Packets with a Per-Customer Edge (per-CE) Label - In one embodiment, a packet switching device is configured to perform a lookup operation, based on a particular per-CE label (per-Customer Edge label) included in a particular packet, in a forwarding data structure for identifying forwarding information for the particular packet. When a corresponding outbound path is unavailable, a per-VRF (per-Virtual Routing and Forwarding) lookup operation in a VRF data structure, identified based on the particular per-CE label, based on a destination address of a packet encapsulated within the received packet. A corresponding packet is forwarded based on the results of the VRF lookup operation. In one embodiment, a set of more than one egress line card is identified based on this lookup operation, and packets of different routes are load balanced among egress line cards in this identified set of egress line cards. | 08-29-2013 |
Nipoon Malhotra, San Francisco, CA US
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20140172892 | QUERYLESS SEARCH BASED ON CONTEXT - Computer-readable media, computer systems, and computing devices for initiating a queryless search is provided. In this regard, a search can be initiated without a user inputting a query. In one embodiment, the method includes recognizing a search indication provided by a user to indicate a desire to view one or more search results related to content being presented. Such a search indication can be performed without accessing a web page associated with a search engine. In accordance with the search indication, contextual information related to the content being presented can be automatically captured. Thereafter, the captured contextual information is provided to initiate a search for information corresponding with the contextual information. Search results corresponding with the contextual information are received and presented. | 06-19-2014 |
Punitma Malhotra, Cupertino, CA US
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20110293021 | PREVENT AUDIO LOSS IN THE SPLICED CONTENT GENERATED BY THE PACKET LEVEL VIDEO SPLICER - A method and apparatus for packet level splicing of transport streams including encrypted content wherein the audio packets having a presentation timestamp (PTS) value greater than that of a last video frame within the primary or from-stream are dropped prior to splicing. | 12-01-2011 |
Rakesh Malhotra, Chino Hills, CA US
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20110163775 | UNIVERSAL FRONT/BACK POST TERMINAL BLOCK AND TEST LINK - A terminal board is part of a terminal board assembly for terminating and testing of railroad wires. The board includes a first terminal block with a front post and a back post installed on a plane, along with a plurality of terminal blocks with front posts. A control test link, with an insulating material lining one of three holes, is installed on the front posts of terminal blocks. A test nut, connectable to the front post of the first terminal block, has a face with a depression formed therein to contact the test link when installed on the front post of the first terminal block over the insulating material. First wiring is attached on the plane's front, and second wiring is terminated on the plane's back. A surge protection component and the control test link are pre-installed on the front of the plane, providing for easy removal. | 07-07-2011 |
Ripudaman Malhotra, San Carlos, CA US
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20080203022 | Systems and Methods Using Multiple Solvents for the Removal of Lipids from Fluids - This invention is directed to systems and methods for removing lipids from a fluid or from lipid-containing organisms from a fluid, such as plasma. These systems combine a fluid with at least one extraction solvent, which causes the lipids to separate from the fluid or from the lipid-containing organisms. The separated lipids are removed from the fluid. The at least one extraction solvent is removed from the fluid or at least reduced to a concentration enabling the fluid to be administered to a patient without undesirable consequences. Once the fluid has been processed, the fluid may be administered to a patient who donated the fluid or to a different patient for therapy. | 08-28-2008 |
20090032468 | Methods for Removal of Lipids from Fluids - This invention is directed to systems and methods for removing lipids from a fluid, such as plasma, or from lipid-containing organisms. These systems contact a fluid with an extraction solvent, which causes the lipids in the fluid to separate from the fluid or causes lipids in the lipid-containing organisms to separate from the lipid-containing organism, using at least one hollow fiber contactor. The separated lipids are removed from the fluid. The extraction solvent is removed from the fluid or at least reduced to a level below a particular threshold enabling the fluid to be administered to a patient without the patient experiencing undesirable consequences. Once the fluid has been processed, the fluid may be administered to a patient who donated the fluid, to a different patient, or be stored. | 02-05-2009 |
20150060335 | Gasification of a Carbonaceous Material - The invention provides methods and apparatus ultimately for converting a carbonaceous material to liquid hydrocarbons suitable for use, for example, as transportation fuels. In a first step the carbonaceous material is converted to a syngas product, and in subsequent steps the syngas product is converted to the desired liquid hydrocarbons. In one embodiment, coal and methane are converted to syngas, and the syngas product is converted to hydrocarbons through a methanol intermediate. An example use for the methods and apparatus of the invention is in the preparation of aviation fuels. | 03-05-2015 |
Sandra Malhotra, San Jose, CA US
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20100001269 | Methods of Combinatorial Processing for Screening Multiple Samples on a Semiconductor Substrate - In embodiments of the current invention, methods of combinatorial processing and a test chip for use in these methods are described. These methods and test chips enable the efficient development of materials, processes, and process sequence integration schemes for semiconductor manufacturing processes. In general, the methods simplify the processing sequence of forming devices or partially formed devices on a test chip such that the devices can be tested immediately after formation. The immediate testing allows for the high throughput testing of varied materials, processes, or process sequences on the test chip. The test chip has multiple site isolated regions where each of the regions is varied from one another and the test chip is designed to enable high throughput testing of the different regions. | 01-07-2010 |
20100048419 | Combinatorial Screening Method and Apparatus - A combinatorial screening method and system are provided. The combinatorial system and method provide rapid data generation for characterization of phase change material. The characterization data is collected through a multipoint probe card where multiple regions are characterized in a single annealing cycle. | 02-25-2010 |
20100330269 | Titanium-Based High-K Dielectric Films - This disclosure provides (a) methods of making an oxide layer (e.g., a dielectric layer) based on titanium oxide, to suppress the formation of anatase-phase titanium oxide and (b) related devices and structures. A metal-insulator-metal (“MIM”) stack is formed using an ozone pretreatment process of a bottom electrode (or other substrate) followed by an ALD process to form a TiO | 12-30-2010 |
20100330772 | METHODS FOR DEPOSITING HIGH-K DIELECTRICS - Methods for depositing high-K dielectrics are described, including depositing a first electrode on a substrate, wherein the first electrode is chosen from the group consisting of platinum and ruthenium, applying an oxygen plasma treatment to the exposed metal to reduce the contact angle of a surface of the metal, and depositing a titanium oxide layer on the exposed metal using at least one of a chemical vapor deposition process and an atomic layer deposition process, wherein the titanium oxide layer comprises at least a portion rutile titanium oxide. | 12-30-2010 |
20110014359 | Yttrium and Titanium High-K Dielectric Film - This disclosure provides (a) methods of making an oxide layer (e.g., a dielectric layer) based on yttrium and titanium to have a high dielectric constant and low leakage characteristic and (b) related devices and structures. An oxide layer having both yttrium and titanium may be fabricated either as an amorphous oxide or as an alternating series of monolayers. In several embodiments, the oxide is characterized by a yttrium contribution to total metal that is specifically controlled. The oxide layer can be produced as the result of a reactive process, if desired, via either a PVD process or, alternatively, via an atomic layer deposition process that employs specific precursor materials to allow for a common process temperature window for both titanium and yttrium reactions. | 01-20-2011 |
20110027617 | Methods of Forming Strontium Titanate Films - Embodiments of the current invention include methods of forming a strontium titanate (SrTiO | 02-03-2011 |
20110027960 | Methods of Forming Strontium Titanate Films - Embodiments of the current invention include methods of forming a strontium titanate (SrTiO | 02-03-2011 |
20110151136 | METHODS FOR DEPOSITING HIGH-K DIELECTRICS - Methods for depositing high-K dielectrics are described, including depositing a first electrode on a substrate, wherein the first electrode is chosen from the group consisting of platinum and ruthenium, applying an oxygen plasma treatment to the exposed metal to reduce the contact angle of a surface of the metal, and depositing a titanium oxide layer on the exposed metal using at least one of a chemical vapor deposition process and an atomic layer deposition process, wherein the titanium oxide layer comprises at least a portion rutile titanium oxide. | 06-23-2011 |
20110203085 | TITANIUM-BASED HIGH-K DIELECTRIC FILMS - This disclosure provides (a) methods of making an oxide layer (e.g., a dielectric layer) based on titanium oxide, to suppress the formation of anatase-phase titanium oxide and (b) related devices and structures. A metal-insulator-metal (“MIM”) stack is formed using an ozone pretreatment process of a bottom electrode (or other substrate) followed by an ALD process to form a TiO | 08-25-2011 |
20110204475 | ENHANCED WORK FUNCTION LAYER SUPPORTING GROWTH OF RUTILE PHASE TITANIUM OXIDE - This disclosure provides a method of fabricating a semiconductor stack and associated device, such as a capacitor and DRAM cell. In particular, a bottom electrode has a material selected for lattice matching characteristics. This material may be created from a relatively inexpensive metal oxide which is processed to adopt a conductive, but difficult-to-produce oxide state, with specific crystalline form; to provide one example, specific materials are disclosed that are compatible with the growth of rutile phase titanium dioxide (TiO | 08-25-2011 |
20110248264 | Methods of Combinatorial Processing for Screening Multiple Samples on a Semiconductor Substrate - In embodiments of the current invention, methods of combinatorial processing and a test chip for use in these methods are described. These methods and test chips enable the efficient development of materials, processes, and process sequence integration schemes for semiconductor manufacturing processes. In general, the methods simplify the processing sequence of forming devices or partially formed devices on a test chip such that the devices can be tested immediately after formation. The immediate testing allows for the high throughput testing of varied materials, processes, or process sequences on the test chip. The test chip has multiple site isolated regions where each of the regions is varied from one another and the test chip is designed to enable high throughput testing of the different regions. | 10-13-2011 |
20120061799 | Yttrium and Titanium High-K Dielectric Films - This disclosure provides (a) methods of making an oxide layer (e.g., a dielectric layer) based on yttrium and titanium, to have a high dielectric constant and low leakage characteristic and (b) related devices and structures. An oxide layer having both yttrium and titanium may be fabricated either as an amorphous oxide or as an alternating series of monolayers. In several embodiments, the oxide is characterized by a yttrium contribution to total metal that is specifically controlled. The oxide layer can be produced as the result of a reactive process, if desired, via either a PVD process or, alternatively, via an atomic layer deposition process that employs specific precursor materials to allow for a common process temperature window for both titanium and yttrium reactions. | 03-15-2012 |
20120149137 | Methods of Combinatorial Processing For Screening Multiple Samples on a Semiconductor Substrate - In embodiments of the current invention, methods of combinatorial processing and a test chip for use in these methods are described. These methods and test chips enable the efficient development of materials, processes, and process sequence integration schemes for semiconductor manufacturing processes. In general, the methods simplify the processing sequence of forming devices or partially formed devices on a test chip such that the devices can be tested immediately after formation. The immediate testing allows for the high throughput testing of varied materials, processes, or process sequences on the test chip. The test chip has multiple site isolated regions where each of the regions is varied from one another and the test chip is designed to enable high throughput testing of the different regions. | 06-14-2012 |
20120156854 | METHOD OF FORMING STACKED METAL OXIDE LAYERS - This disclosure provides a method of fabricating a semiconductor stack and associated device, such as a capacitor or DRAM cell. In such a device, a high-K zirconia-based layer may be used as the primary dielectric together with a relatively inexpensive metal electrode based on titanium nitride. To prevent corruption of the electrode during device formation, a thin barrier layer can be used seal the electrode prior to the use of a high temperature process and a (high-concentration or dosage) ozone reagent (i.e., to create a high-K zirconia-based layer). In some embodiments, the barrier layer can also be zirconia-based, for example, a thin layer of doped or un-doped amorphous zirconia. Fabrication of a device in this manner facilitates formation of a device with dielectric constant of greater than 40 based on zirconia and titanium nitride, and generally helps produce less costly, increasingly dense DRAM cells and other semiconductor structures. | 06-21-2012 |
20120156889 | METHODS FOR FORMING HIGH-K CRYSTALLINE FILMS AND RELATED DEVICES - This disclosure provides a method of fabricating a semiconductor stack and associated device, such as a capacitor or DRAM cell. In such a device, a high-K zirconia-based layer may be used as the primary dielectric together with a relatively inexpensive metal electrode based on titanium nitride. To prevent corruption of the electrode during device formation, a thin barrier layer can be used seal the electrode prior to the use of a high temperature process and a (high-concentration or dosage) ozone reagent (i.e., to create a high-K zirconia-based layer). In some embodiments, the barrier layer can also be zirconia-based, for example, a thin layer of doped or un-doped amorphous zirconia. Fabrication of a device in this manner facilitates formation of a device with dielectric constant of greater than 40 based on zirconia and titanium nitride, and generally helps produce less costly, increasingly dense DRAM cells and other semiconductor structures. | 06-21-2012 |
20120171839 | FABRICATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR STACKS WITH RUTHENIUM-BASED MATERIALS - This disclosure provides a method of fabricating a semiconductor stack and associated device such as a capacitor and DRAM cell. In particular, a bottom electrode upon which a dielectric layer is to be grown may have a ruthenium-based surface. Lattice matching of the ruthenium surface with the dielectric layer (e.g., titanium oxide, strontium titanate or barium strontium titanate) helps promote the growth of rutile-phase titanium oxide, thereby leading to higher dielectric constant and lower effective oxide thickness. The ruthenium-based material also provides a high work function material, leading to lower leakage. To mitigate nucleation delay associated with the use of ruthenium, an adherence or glue layer based in titanium may be employed. A pretreatment process may be further employed so as to increase effective capacitor plate area, and thus promote even further improvements in dielectric constant and effective oxide thickness (“EOT”). | 07-05-2012 |
20120235276 | ELECTRODE TREATMENTS FOR ENHANCED DRAM PERFORMANCE - A method for fabricating a dynamic random access memory capacitor is disclosed. The method may comprise depositing a first titanium nitride (TiN) electrode; creating a first layer of titanium dioxide (TiO | 09-20-2012 |
20120309160 | METHOD FOR FABRICATING A DRAM CAPACITOR - A method for fabricating a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) capacitor stack is disclosed wherein the stack includes a first electrode, a dielectric layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode is formed from a conductive binary metal. A dielectric layer is formed over the first electrode. The dielectric layer is subjected to a milliseconds anneal process that serves to crystallize the dielectric material and decrease the concentration of oxygen vacancies. | 12-06-2012 |
20120309162 | METHOD FOR ALD DEPOSITION RATE ENHANCEMENT - A method for fabricating a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) capacitor includes forming a first electrode layer, forming a catalytic layer on the first electrode layer, optionally annealing the catalytic layer, forming a dielectric layer on the catalytic layer, optionally annealing the dielectric layer, forming a second electrode layer on the dielectric layer, and optionally annealing the capacitor stack. Advantageously, the electrode layers are TiN, the catalytic layer is MoO | 12-06-2012 |
20120322220 | METHOD OF PROCESSING MIM CAPACITORS TO REDUCE LEAKAGE CURRENT - A method for processing dielectric materials and electrodes to decrease leakage current is disclosed. The method includes a post dielectric anneal treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere to reduce the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the dielectric material. The method further includes a post metallization anneal treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere to reduce the concentration of interface states at the electrode/dielectric interface and to further reduce the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the dielectric material. | 12-20-2012 |
20130052792 | HIGH PERFORMANCE DIELECTRIC STACK FOR DRAM CAPACITOR - A method for fabricating a DRAM capacitor stack is described wherein the dielectric material is a multi-layer stack formed from a highly-doped material combined with a lightly or non-doped material. The highly-doped material remains amorphous with a crystalline content of less than 30% after an annealing step. The lightly or non-doped material becomes crystalline with a crystalline content of equal to or greater than 30% after an annealing step. The dielectric multi-layer stack maintains a high k-value while minimizing the leakage current and the EOT value. | 02-28-2013 |
20130115750 | BLOCKING LAYERS FOR LEAKAGE CURRENT REDUCTION IN DRAM DEVICES - A method for forming a DRAM MIM capacitor stack having low leakage current involves the use of a first electrode that serves as a template for promoting the high k phase of a subsequently deposited dielectric layer. The high k dielectric layer comprises a doped material that can be crystallized after a subsequent annealing treatment. An amorphous blocking is formed on the dielectric layer. The thickness of the blocking layer is chosen such that the blocking layer remains amorphous after a subsequent annealing treatment. A second electrode layer compatible with the blocking layer is formed on the blocking layer. | 05-09-2013 |
20130122678 | ADSORPTION SITE BLOCKING METHOD FOR CO-DOPING ALD FILMS - A method for doping a dielectric material by pulsing a first dopant precursor, purging the non-adsorbed precursor, pulsing a second precursor, purging the non-adsorbed precursor, and pulsing a oxidant to form an intermixed layer of two (or more) metal oxide dielectric dopant materials. The method may also be used to form a blocking layer between a bulk dielectric layer and a second electrode layer. The method improves the control of the composition and the control of the uniformity of the dopants throughout the thickness of the doped dielectric material. | 05-16-2013 |
20130122681 | TOP ELECTRODE TEMPLATING FOR DRAM CAPACITOR - A method for forming a DRAM MIM capacitor stack having low leakage current involves the use of a first electrode that serves as a template for promoting the high k phase of a subsequently deposited dielectric layer. The high k dielectric layer comprises a doped material that can be crystallized after a subsequent annealing treatment. A metal oxide second electrode layer is formed above the dielectric layer. The metal oxide second electrode layer has a crystal structure that is compatible with the crystal structure of the dielectric layer. Optionally, a second electrode bulk layer is formed above the metal oxide second electrode layer. | 05-16-2013 |
20130143383 | METHOD OF FORMING AN ALD MATERIAL - In some embodiments of the present invention, methods are developed wherein a gas flow of an electron donating compound (EDC) is introduced in sequence with a precursor pulse and alters the deposition of the precursor material. In some embodiments, the EDC pulse is introduced sequentially with the precursor pulse with a purge step used to remove the non-adsorbed EDC from the process chamber before the precursor is introduced. In some embodiments, the EDC pulse is introduced using a vapor draw technique or a bubbler technique. In some embodiments, the EDC pulse is introduced in the same gas distribution manifold as the precursor pulse. In some embodiments, the EDC pulse is introduced in a separate gas distribution manifold from the precursor pulse. | 06-06-2013 |
20130330903 | MANUFACTURABLE HIGH-K DRAM MIM CAPACITOR STRUCTURE - A method for forming a capacitor stack is described. In some embodiments of the present invention, a first dielectric material is formed above a first electrode material. The first electrode material is rigid and has good mechanical strength and serves as a robust frame for the capacitor stack. The first dielectric material is sufficiently thin ( | 12-12-2013 |
Sanjiv Malhotra, Castro Valley, CA US
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20090004536 | Direct methanol fuel cell process tower - A direct methanol fuel cell integrated process assembly is provided. The assembly includes a housing, a fuel mixing/surge tank and an air/liquid separator integrated to the housing. A vent of the mixer/surge tank is at least proximal to a vent of the separator. The housing further includes at least one condensation pathway integrated along the housing, where the pathway enables exhaust condensates to return to the assembly. At least one exhaust port is provided, which vents directly to a cooling airstream to facilitate exhaust removal. A manifold is also provided, with the fuel valve, a water valve, a fuel pump and a water pump integrated with the housing, where the integrated process assembly reduces an amount of plumbing between the a liquid volume in the mixer and the separator. Further, a water volume of the process assembly is reduced and a form factor of the process assembly is also reduced. | 01-01-2009 |
Sudhir Malhotra, Fremont, CA US
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20100035085 | PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIUM WITH IMPROVED MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY FIELD - A perpendicular magnetic recording medium comprising a substrate, a soft underlayer, a seed layer, a non-magnetic FCC NiW alloy underlayer, a non-magnetic HCP underlayer, and a magnetic layer. We have discovered that the combination of a seed layer comprising Ta and a NiW alloy underlayer uniquely improves media recording performance and thermal stability by achieving excellent coercivity of the thin bottom magnetic recording layer and narrow C axis orientation distribution. | 02-11-2010 |
Sushant Malhotra, Burlingame, CA US
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20140275523 | PROCESS FOR MAKING BENZOXAZEPIN COMPOUNDS - Processes are described for the preparation of PI3K inhibitor, GDC-0032, Formula I, having the structure: | 09-18-2014 |
Sushant Malhotra, Los Altos, CA US
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20080262004 | Tgf-Beta Inhibitors - The present invention is directed to inhibitors of TGF-β of Formula I: | 10-23-2008 |
Varun Malhotra, Belmont, CA US
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20100036843 | GLOBAL CHECKPOINT SCN - Described herein are techniques for generating a global checkpoint system change number and computing a snapshot query using the global checkpoint system change number without a need to acquire global locks. In many cases, the need to acquire global locks is eliminated, thereby saving the overhead attendant to processing global locks. | 02-11-2010 |
Varun Malhotra, Palo Alto, CA US
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20080232592 | Method and apparatus for performing selective encryption/decryption in a data storage system - One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for performing selective encryption/decryption in a data storage system. During operation, the system receives a data block from a storage medium at an input/output layer, wherein the input/output layer serves as an interface between the storage medium and a buffer cache. Next, the system determines whether the data block is an encrypted data block. If not, the system stores the data block in the buffer cache. Otherwise, if the data block is an encrypted data block, the system retrieves a storage-key, wherein the storage-key is associated with a subset of storage, which is associated with the encrypted data block. Using the storage-key, the system then decrypts the encrypted data block to produce a decrypted data block. Finally, the system stores the decrypted data block in the buffer cache, wherein the data block remains encrypted in the storage medium. | 09-25-2008 |
Varun Sagar Malhotra, Sunnyvale, CA US
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20140006481 | METHODS FOR EXCHANGING NETWORK MANAGEMENT MESSAGES USING UDP OVER HTTP PROTOCOL | 01-02-2014 |
Vikram Malhotra, Riverside, CA US
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20110196283 | METHODS AND ARCHITECTURE FOR POWER OPTIMIZATION OF IONTOPHORETIC TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY - Embodiments of the invention provide an architecture, system and methods for optimizing power utilization for transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery which maintain a iontophoretic driving voltage at a reduced or even minimum value to support an iontophoretic delivery current. The reduced voltage reduces the power requirements for a transdermal iontohoretic delivery system during a period of drug delivery. Embodiments of an architecture for implementing this approach can utilize a controller which compares the desired current to the actual current and adjusts the voltage to reduce the amount of power used for iontophoretic drug delivery. The controller can comprise a state machine or microprocessor. Embodiments of the invention are particularly useful for extending the battery life of transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery systems. | 08-11-2011 |
20150209581 | METHODS AND ARCHITECTURE FOR POWER OPTIMIZATION OF IONTOPHORETIC TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY - Embodiments of the invention provide an architecture, system and methods for optimizing power utilization for transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery which maintain a iontophoretic driving voltage at a reduced or even minimum value to support an iontophoretic delivery current. The reduced voltage reduces the power requirements for a transdermal iontophoretic delivery system during a period of drug delivery. Embodiments of an architecture for implementing this approach can utilize a controller which compares the desired current to the actual current and adjusts the voltage to reduce the amount of power used for iontophoretic drug delivery. The controller can comprise a state machine or microprocessor. Embodiments of the invention are particularly useful for extending the battery life of transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery systems. | 07-30-2015 |
Vikram Y. Malhotra, Carlsbad, CA US
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20100064307 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR ENABLING INTERACTIVITY IN A MOBILE BROADCAST NETWORK - Methods and systems enable viewers of mobile TV to interact and communicate with one another in real time regarding programs being viewed. Viewers may search other viewers on the mobile TV system. Viewers may invite other viewers to join them in viewing a program or to chat. Viewers may write programs with rating since the broadcast network provider for tallying and broadcast to others. Viewers may set reminders for programs and share those reminders with other viewers. Programs may be hosted by individuals who may control the broadcast stream and communicate with viewers of the program. Viewers may also create ad hoc channels in which they can share their favorite programs with other viewers. | 03-11-2010 |
Vikram Yashpal Malhotra, Carlsbad, CA US
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20090133025 | METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR BANDWIDTH EFFICIENT TRANSMISSION OF USAGE INFORMATION FROM A POOL OF TERMINALS IN A DATA NETWORK - Methods and apparatus for bandwidth efficient transmission of usage information from a pool of terminals in a data network. A device includes transceiver logic to receive usage tracking and reporting parameters, wherein the usage tracking parameters identify events to be tracked and the reporting parameters identify reporting criteria for each event, scheduling logic to track the events based on the usage tracking parameters to produce a tracking log, reporting logic to process the tracking log based on the reporting parameters to produce a reporting log, and the transceiver logic to transmit the reporting log. A server includes processing logic to generate usage tracking parameters that identify events to be tracked and reporting parameters that identify reporting criteria for each event and a transceiver to transmit the usage tracking parameters and the reporting parameters to one or more terminals. | 05-21-2009 |
Vinod K. Malhotra, San Jose, CA US
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20100115481 | Shape-Based Geometry Engine To Perform Smoothing And Other Layout Beautification Operations - A shape-based layout beautification operation can be performed on an IC layout to correct layout imperfections. A shape is described by edges (and vertices) related according to specified properties. Each shape can be configured to match specific layout imperfection types. Corrective actions can then be associated with the shapes, advantageously enabling efficient formulation and precise application of those corrective actions. Corrective actions can include absolute, adaptive, or replacement-type modifications to the detected layout imperfections. A concurrent processing methodology can be used to minimize processing overhead during layout beautification, and the actions can also be incorporated into a lookup table to further reduce runtime. A layout beautification system can also be connected to a network across which shapes, actions, and IC layout data files can be accessed and retrieved. | 05-06-2010 |