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Karger, US

Achim Karger, Foster City, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080288179NORMALIZATION OF DATA - Methods for normalizing output from an instrument employing a reference standard or non-fluorescing substance disposed within at least one of a plurality of reaction chambers. The method comprises collecting and analyzing a signal associated with the reference standard or non-fluorescing substance to determine a normalizing bias. The normalizing bias is then applied to the data signal collected from a remainder of the plurality of reaction chambers.11-20-2008
20100113285Normalization of Data Using Controls - A method of using a standard to correct for variability in sample handling, can comprise (a) adding a template of known concentration to an assay comprising a sample; (b) preamplifying the assay; (c) amplifying the assay; (d) collecting data during the amplifying; and (e) correcting the data using a comparison of data collected from the template to data collected from the sample.05-06-2010
20100220321Normalization of Data - Methods for normalizing output from an instrument employing a reference standard or non-fluorescing substance disposed within at least one of a plurality of reaction chambers. The method comprises collecting and analyzing a signal associated with the reference standard or non-fluorescing substance to determine a normalizing bias. The normalizing bias is then applied to the data signal collected from a remainder of the plurality of reaction chambers.09-02-2010
20100261229SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREPARING AND USING BULK EMULSION - An emulsion generation apparatus and method for forming an emulsion are provided wherein a customized impeller design is adapted to form an emulsion with a desired droplet size that defines a desired volume. The emulsion generation apparatus provides improved uniformity in emulsion preparation and may be used to create large or small volume emulsions rapidly and reproducibly. A system and method are also provided for large volume sample amplification adaptable for use with conventional PCR-based reactions as well as emulsion-based PCR reactions and other reactions. For applications involving emulsion-based PCR amplification, the system and method provide improved uniformity in emulsion amplification and can be used to amplify large or small volume emulsions rapidly and reproducibly.10-14-2010
20110123985COLUMN ENRICHMENT OF PCR BEADS COMPRISING TETHERED AMPLICONS - An enrichment module and method are provided for enriching a population of templated beads and separating them from non-templated beads. The method can include hybridizing a templated bead with an enrichment bead to form a complex, trapping the complex in a filtration medium, washing non-templated beads through the filtration medium while retaining the complex, and then eluting the templated bead from the complex. The module can include a column for enrichment and filtration material exhibiting desired size-exclusion properties.05-26-2011

Patent applications by Achim Karger, Foster City, CA US

Achim E. Karger, Foster City, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090068665METHODS AND KITS FOR IDENTIFYING TARGET NUCLEOTIDES IN MIXED POPULATIONS - Ligation-based methods and kits are disclosed for identifying at least two target nucleotides in a mixed population sample that is a sample that contains or potentially contains target nucleic acid sequences from more than one source. Typically, two ligation reaction compositions are formed ligation products generated, and the ligation products or their surrogates are analyzed to identify target nucleotides in the mixed population sample. In certain embodiments, the target nucleic acid sequences, the ligation products, or both are amplified. In certain embodiments, multiplex amplification and/or ligation reactions are performed.03-12-2009
20090311709Compositions, Methods, and Kits for (MIS)Ligating Oligonucleotides - Methods, reagents, and kits for (mis)ligating oligonucleotide probes or for identifying at least one target nucleotide are disclosed. One can enhance the generation of misligation product using a ligase under reaction conditions and with reagents where that particular ligase is prone to misligation. Alternatively, one can decrease or avoid generating misligation products using a particular ligase under reaction conditions and using reagents where that ligase is at least less prone to misligation. In certain embodiments, the recombinant ligase from 12-17-2009

Patent applications by Achim E. Karger, Foster City, CA US

Barry L. Karger, Newton, MA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080280317Comprehensive Characterization Of Complex Proteins At Trace Levels - A combination of “bottom up” and “top down” MS analysis of posttranslational modifications in complex proteins is described. The method comprises digestion of the protein with an enzyme that forms larger peptide fragments than trypsin (>3000 D), performing HPLC with the fragments and applying a new data acquisition strategy using on-line coupling with e.g. LTQ-FTMS, a hybrid mass spectrometer that couples a linear ion trap with a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) cell. The method is applied to analysis of posttranslational modifications of protein isoforms.11-13-2008
20090188999DEVICES, METHODS AND APPLICATIONS FOR EXTRACTION OF MOLECULES FROM POLYMERIC GEL ELECTROPHORETIC MEDIA - A device and method to provide a simplified wash process and controlled disintegration of a soft substance, such as a gel, are disclosed. In use, a block of, e.g., gel matrix is placed in the device and washed with a series of appropriate solutions to remove interfering contaminants. The washing liquid is removed through a deformable narrow opening in the bottom of the device, and, subsequently, the gel block is extruded through the deformable narrow opening, by a physical force, such as centrifugal force, a vacuum or positive pressure from a gas or liquid, etc., resulting in fragmentation of the gel block into a series of particles of similar size. The fragmentation of the gel results from shear forces exerted onto the gel block traveling through the deformable narrow opening in the device. The rate of such fragmentation and resulting fragment size can be controlled by extruding the gel block using a predefined level of force as well as by controlling the dimensions and shape of the narrow opening (s) in the device.07-30-2009
20090203146NARROW BORE LAYER OPEN TUBE CAPILLARY COLUMN AND USES THEREOF - A polymer-based PLOT column prepared by in situ copolymerization of a functional monomer, which usually contains the retentive chemistries, and a crosslinking monomer, which enhances the strength of the polymer matrix, is disclosed. Styrenic based monomers such as styrene and divinylbenzene or meth/acrylic based monomers such as butyl or stearyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, are preferred. Columns of the invention can be prepared in a robust fashion with a very narrow i.d., e.g., 5-15 μm. Thus, they are suitable for commercial use in ultratrace LC/MS proteomic analysis. Columns according to the invention are characterized by high resolving power, high column-to-column reproducibility and relatively high loading capacity. When these columns are coupled on-line with, e.g., ESI-MS detection, the resulting systems provide high sensitivity for analysis of complex proteomic samples, even down to the low attomole to sub-attomole level.08-13-2009
20090221430Proteomic Methods For The Identification And Use Of Putative Biomarkers Associated With The Dysplastic State In Cervical Cells Or Other Cell Types - The invention relates to methods for detecting and identifying potential biomarkers of high-grade cervical dysplasia in an individual human subject. The invention also relates to newly discovered biomarkers, as set forth in Tables 1-4 herein, which are associated with the dysplastic state of cervical cells. It has been discovered that a differential level of expression of any of these markers or combination of these markers correlates with a dysplastic condition in a human subject, e.g., a patient.09-03-2009

Patent applications by Barry L. Karger, Newton, MA US

David Karger, Cambridge, MA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090248874METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING REQUESTS AMONG A PLURALITY OF RESOURCES - The invention relates to a method and apparatus for distributing a request to one of a plurality of resources. A request is mapped to a location in mathematical mapping space. Each of the plurality of resources is mapped to a respective location or locations in the mathematical mapping space. The request is allocated to one of the resources based on a mathematical relationship between the request location and the resource location in the mathematical mapping space. An apparatus for distributing a request to one of a plurality of resources includes the plurality of resources and an input receiving a resource request. A mapper in communication with the input maps the request to a request location in a mathematical mapping space and maps each of the plurality of resources to at least one resource locations in the mathematical mapping space. A distributor distributes the request to one of the plurality of resources in response to a mathematical relationship between the locations of the request and resources in the mathematical mapping space. The invention also relates to a method and apparatus for requesting data from one of a plurality of servers. An virtual network of nodes is generated in response to a data request. A first node on the virtual network of nodes is chosen randomly, and a path generated from the first node to the root on the virtual network. At least one node on the path is mapped to a respective one of the plurality of servers and data is requested from a server. The node may be mapped to the server using the method and apparatus for distributing a request to one of a plurality of resources of the present invention.10-01-2009

Patent applications by David Karger, Cambridge, MA US

David R. Karger, Cambridge, MA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100250143IDENTIFYING BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE PATHWAYS - A method for identifying a mechanism associated with a cellular response includes identifying molecules participating in the cellular response; accessing a database containing information characterizing molecular interactions; determining pathways connecting the identified molecules participating in the cellular response; and solving an optimization problem that includes determining a subset of the molecules and interactions having a minimum aggregate cost. The pathways include, nodes, each representing a molecule, and edges, each connecting a respective pair of nodes and representing an interaction between a respective pair of molecules represented by the respective pair of nodes. Nodes from a subset of nodes represent molecules identified as participating in the cellular response.09-30-2010

Simon Alexander Karger, Somerville, MA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110226817SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MANGING USE OF A MEDICAMENT - Systems and methods for managing use of a pharmaceutical product (09-22-2011
20110227734PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT CONTAINER WITH MOTION SENSOR AND ALARM - Systems and methods for monitoring a container (09-22-2011