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| 20080227293 | INTEGRATED CIRCUIT FABRICATION - A method for defining patterns in an integrated circuit comprises defining a plurality of features in a first photoresist layer using photolithography over a first region of a substrate. The method further comprises using pitch multiplication to produce at least two features in a lower masking layer for each feature in the photoresist layer. The features in the lower masking layer include looped ends. The method further comprises covering with a second photoresist layer a second region of the substrate including the looped ends in the lower masking layer. The method further comprises etching a pattern of trenches in the substrate through the features in the lower masking layer without etching in the second region. The trenches have a trench width. | 09-18-2008 |
| 20100092891 | PITCH REDUCED PATTERNS RELATIVE TO PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY FEATURES - Differently-sized features of an integrated circuit are formed by etching a substrate using a mask which is formed by combining two separately formed patterns. Pitch multiplication is used to form the relatively small features of the first pattern and conventional photolithography used to form the relatively large features of the second pattern. Pitch multiplication is accomplished by patterning a photoresist and then etching that pattern into an amorphous carbon layer. Sidewall spacers are then formed on the sidewalls of the amorphous carbon. The amorphous carbon is removed, leaving behind the sidewall spacers, which define the first mask pattern. A bottom anti-reflective coating (BARC) is then deposited around the spacers to form a planar surface and a photoresist layer is formed over the BARC. The photoresist is next patterned by conventional photolithography to form the second pattern, which is then is transferred to the BARC. The combined pattern made out by the first pattern and the second pattern is transferred to an underlying amorphous silicon layer and the pattern is subjected to a carbon strip to remove BARC and photoresist material. The combined pattern is then transferred to the silicon oxide layer and then to an amorphous carbon mask layer. The combined mask pattern, having features of difference sizes, is then etched into the underlying substrate through the amorphous carbon hard mask layer. | 04-15-2010 |
| 20100210111 | PITCH REDUCED PATTERNS RELATIVE TOPHOTOLITHOGRAPHY FEATURES - Differently-sized features of an integrated circuit are formed by etching a substrate using a mask which is formed by combining two separately formed patterns. Pitch multiplication is used to form the relatively small features of the first pattern. Pitch multiplication is accomplished by patterning an amorphous carbon layer. Sidewall spacers are then formed on the amorphous carbon sidewalls which are then removed; the sidewall spacers defining the first mask pattern. A bottom anti-reflective coating (BARC) is then deposited to form a planar surface and a photoresist layer is formed over the BARC. The photoresist is next patterned by conventional photolithography to form the second pattern, which is transferred to the BARC. The combined pattern is transferred to an underlying amorphous silicon layer. The combined pattern is then transferred to the silicon oxide layer and then to an amorphous carbon mask layer. The combined mask pattern, is then etched into the underlying substrate. | 08-19-2010 |
| 20100317193 | INTEGRATED CIRCUIT FABRICATION - A method for defining patterns in an integrated circuit comprises defining a plurality of features in a first photoresist layer using photolithography over a first region of a substrate. The method further comprises using pitch multiplication to produce at least two features in a lower masking layer for each feature in the photoresist layer. The features in the lower masking layer include looped ends. The method further comprises covering with a second photoresist layer a second region of the substrate including the looped ends in the lower masking layer. The method further comprises etching a pattern of trenches in the substrate through the features in the lower masking layer without etching in the second region. The trenches have a trench width. | 12-16-2010 |
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| 20090122738 | Method of broadcasting packets in ad-hoc network - A method for distributing a packet to a plurality of moving nodes comprising receiving a packet containing at least a message, a sender identifier, a location of a sender, an identifier for a relay node and distance from the sender and the relay node, determining if a node receiving the packet is the relay node and immediately distributing the packet to a plurality of moving nodes if the receiving node is the relay node. If the receiving node is not the relay node, the method further comprises steps of waiting a set period of time, determining if a packet is received from a different sender containing the same message, within the period of time and distributing the packet to a plurality of moving nodes if a packet containing the same message is not received within the period of time. The distributed packet includes an identifier for a successive relay node. | 05-14-2009 |
| 20090201928 | Methods for reliable multicasting in local peer group (LPG) based vehicle ad hoc networks - A method for routing a multicast message comprising the steps of receiving a multicast message including at least a message, a source identifier, a sequence number, a time-to-live value and a multicast group destination, determining if the multicast group destination is in a multicast forwarding table, determining if the message has been previously received, adding the multicast message to the multicast forwarding table if it is determined that the multicast message has not been previously received, determining if a node that received the multicast message is a forwarding node; randomly setting a wait time for forwarding the multicast message; and forwarding the multicast message at the expiration of the wait time. | 08-13-2009 |
| 20090285197 | METHODS FOR EFFICIENT ORGANIZATION OF VEHICLE PEER GROUPS AND EFFICIENT V2R COMMUNICATIONS - The present invention provides methods for efficient control message distribution in a VANET. Efficient flooding mechanisms are provided to fulfill the objective of flooding (delivering a message to every connected node) with a limited number of re-broadcasting by selected key nodes. A suppression-based efficient flooding mechanism utilizes a Light Suppression (LS) technique to reduce the number of flooding relays by giving up the broadcasting of a flooding message when a node observes downstream relay of the same flooding message. Additionally, a relay-node based efficient flooding mechanism selects Relay Nodes (RN) to form an efficient flooding tree for control message delivery. RNs are nodes that relay at least one control message, for instance a Membership Report (MR) to the upstream node in “k” previous control message cycles The upstream node may be the group header (GH) for the LPG. | 11-19-2009 |
| 20090310608 | Systems and Methods for Multi-Beam Optic-Wireless Vehicle Communications - The present invention offers systems and methods for effective multiple-hop routing, multicasting and media access control for vehicle group communications that employ directional wireless radio technology. Multi-beam optic-wireless media and streamlined operations provide low-overhead communications among vehicles. Systems and methods are provided to maintain a quasi-stationary group of neighboring vehicles, enable high-throughput on-demand switching among multiple vehicles, enable group coding in the vehicle group to achieve higher throughput, and enable dynamic adjustment of link to maintain desirable vehicle group. The proposed solution builds upon the conception of a MAC-free wireless operation and quasi-stationary vehicular switched network to achieve ultra-low-overhead and high-throughput vehicle communications. | 12-17-2009 |
| 20100220629 | Estimating Available Bandwidth And Enhancing Narrow Link Bandwidth Estimations In Telecommunications Networks Using Existing User Traffic - Without using additional probing packets, estimates of the narrow link bandwidth and available bandwidth of a network path are computed based on existing traffic. The network can be of different types such as a wireless battlefield network context or a wired or wireless commercial network environment. “Fast packets”, i.e. those packets which do not experience any queuing delay in the network, are identified. Fast packets are identified to resolve end-to-end packet delay into its constituent components (deterministic, transmission and queuing delays), estimate path utilization and eliminate the uncertainty (false alarms) that causes the prior art method to lose its effectiveness. An estimation algorithm computes end-to-end transmission delay and end-to-end deterministic delay of fast packets traveling along a path in a network. Examples of deterministic delay include satellite propagation delays and clock effects. Then, based on the results of the fast packet identifying algorithm, two logic branches are followed. A first branch calculates utilization and a second branch calculates narrow link bandwidth. The narrow link bandwidth is determined from the packet pair dispersion. The available bandwidth is obtained from the narrow link bandwidth and the utilization. Estimation of available bandwidth for an end-to-end network path allows traffic sources to judiciously regulate the volume of application traffic injected into the network. | 09-02-2010 |
| 20110227757 | METHODS FOR CONTEXT DRIVEN DISRUPTION TOLERANT VEHICULAR NETWORKING IN DYNAMIC ROADWAY ENVIRONMENTS - A method and apparatus for optimizing communication of data within a disruption tolerant network. The method comprises of receiving a data packet, said data packet including a context and a state related to said context, storing the data packet to a buffer and disseminating the data packet to neighboring vehicles and RSU, and passing said state to an application, said application associated with said application context. In one embodiment, the method functions as a software protocol within a dashboard computer. The apparatus comprises a processor and a memory operable to receive a data packet, said data packet including a context and a state related to said context, store the data packet to a buffer when the context matches an application context, disseminating the data packet to neighboring vehicles and RSU, and pass said state to an application when the context matches an application context, said application associated with said application context. In one embodiment, the apparatus is presented as a dashboard computer within a vehicle. | 09-22-2011 |
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| 20100015403 | METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRODUCTS - Provided are methods for making a product having a three-dimensional surface. The method includes providing a base material, providing an adhesive layer and positioning the adhesive layer relative to the base material. The method includes providing a three-dimensional sheet having a top surface and a bottom surface, the top surface having a convex lens layer. The three-dimensional sheet is positioned relative to the base material based on a registration of an image on the three-dimensional sheet and is secured to the base material using the adhesive layer. Securing the three-dimensional sheet to the base material can include applying pressure to the three-dimensional sheet in successive steps of increasing pressure. Also provided is a product having a three-dimensional surface that includes a base material, a three-dimensional sheet, and an adhesive layer disposed between the base material and three-dimensional sheet and configured to secure the three-dimensional sheet to the base material. | 01-21-2010 |
| 20100018644 | METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR PERSONALIZED THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRODUCTS - A method of making a personalized three-dimensional product is provided. The method includes identifying a personal graphic. A sheet is provided having a convex lens layer with an array of identical semi-spherical convex lenses formed on the top surface thereof wherein each convex lens has a focal distance, a transparent plate layer disposed at a bottom surface of the convex lens layer and having a thickness corresponding to the focal distance of each convex lens, and a focal distance printed layer disposed at a bottom surface of the transparent plate layer. The personal graphic is applied to the sheet in a non-focal relationship relative to the convex lenses. | 01-28-2010 |
| 20110292503 | METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRODUCTS - Provided are methods for making a product having a three-dimensional surface. The method includes providing a base material, providing an adhesive layer and positioning the adhesive layer relative to the base material. The method includes providing a three-dimensional sheet having a top surface and a bottom surface, the top surface having a convex lens layer. The three-dimensional sheet is positioned relative to the base material based on a registration of an image on the three-dimensional sheet and is secured to the base material using the adhesive layer. Securing the three-dimensional sheet to the base material can include applying pressure to the three-dimensional sheet in successive steps of increasing pressure. Also provided is a product having a three-dimensional surface that includes a base material, a three-dimensional sheet, and an adhesive layer disposed between the base material and three-dimensional sheet and configured to secure the three-dimensional sheet to the base material. | 12-01-2011 |
