Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090124839 | PRODUCTION OF LIQUID ALKANES IN THE JET FUEL RANGE (C8-C15) FROM BIOMASS-DERIVED CARBOHYDRATES - Described is a method for making a composition comprising alkanes. The composition is suitable for use as a liquid transportation fuel in general, and jet fuel in particular. The method includes dehydrating a feedstock solution comprising a carbohydrate, in the presence of an acid catalyst, to yield at least one furan derivative compound, in a reaction vessel containing a biphasic reaction medium: an aqueous reaction solution and a substantially immiscible organic extraction solution. The furan derivative compound is then subjected to a self-aldol condensation reaction or a crossed-aldol condensation reaction with another carbonyl compound to yield a beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound and/or an alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyl compound. The beta-hydroxy carbonyl and/or alpha-beta unsaturated compounds are then hydrogenated to yield a saturated or partially saturated compound, followed by hydrodeoxygenation (e.g., dehydrating and hydrogenating) of the saturated or partially saturated compound to yield a composition of matter comprising alkanes. | 05-14-2009 |
20090255171 | SINGLE-REACTOR PROCESS FOR PRODUCING LIQUID-PHASE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM BIOMASS - Disclosed is a method for preparing liquid fuel and chemical intermediates from biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons. The method includes the steps of reacting in a single reactor an aqueous solution of a biomass-derived, water-soluble oxygenated hydrocarbon reactant, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au, at a temperature, and a pressure, and for a time sufficient to yield a self-separating, three-phase product stream comprising a vapor phase, an organic phase containing linear and/or cyclic mono-oxygenated hydrocarbons, and an aqueous phase. | 10-15-2009 |
20100324310 | Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Progressive Removal of Oxygen to Facilitate Separation Processes and Achieve High Selectivities - Described is a method to make liquid chemicals, such as functional intermediates, solvents, and liquid fuels from biomass-derived cellulose. The method is cascading; the product stream from an upstream reaction can be used as the feedstock in the next downstream reaction. The method includes the steps of deconstructing cellulose to yield a product mixture comprising levulinic acid and formic acid, converting the levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone, and converting the γ-valerolactone to pentanoic acid. Alternatively, the γ-valerolactone can be converted to a mixture of n-butenes. The pentanoic acid so formed can be further reacted to yield a host of valuable products. For example, the pentanoic acid can be decarboxylated yield 1-butene or ketonized to yield 5-nonanone. The 5-nonanone can be hydrodeoxygenated to yield nonane, or 5-nonanone can be reduced to yield 5-nonanol. The 5-nonanol can be dehydrated to yield nonene, which can be dimerized to yield a mixture of C | 12-23-2010 |
20110086927 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIO-FUEL THAT INTEGRATES HEAT FROM CARBON-CARBON BOND-FORMING REACTIONS TO DRIVE BIOMASS GASIFICATION REACTIONS - A low-temperature catalytic process for converting biomass (preferably glycerol recovered from the fabrication of bio-diesel) to synthesis gas (i.e., H | 04-14-2011 |
20110172476 | INTEGRATED PROCESS AND APPARATUS TO PRODUCE HYDROCARBONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF LACTONES, HYDROXY-CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, ALKENE-CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, AND/OR ALCOHOLS - A process for producing hydrocarbons, especially C | 07-14-2011 |
20120021898 | HYDROTHERMAL PERFORMANCE OF CATALYST SUPPORTS - A high surface area catalyst with a mesoporous support structure and a thin conformal coating over the surface of the support structure. The high surface area catalyst support is adapted for carrying out a reaction in a reaction environment where the thin conformal coating protects the support structure within the reaction environment. In various embodiments, the support structure is a mesoporous silica catalytic support and the thin conformal coating comprises a layer of metal oxide resistant to the reaction environment which may be a hydrothermal environment. | 01-26-2012 |
20120149922 | CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF CELLULOSE TO LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS BY PROGRESSIVE REMOVAL OF OXYGEN TO FACILITATE SEPARATION PROCESSES AND ACHIEVE HIGH SELECTIVITIES - Described is a method to make liquid chemicals. The method includes deconstructing cellulose to yield a product mixture comprising levulinic acid and formic acid, converting the levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone, and converting the γ-valerolactone to pentanoic acid. Alternatively, the γ-valerolactone can be converted to a mixture of n-butenes. The pentanoic acid can be decarboxylated yield 1-butene or ketonized to yield 5-nonanone. The 5-nonanone can be hydrodeoxygenated to yield nonane, or 5-nonanone can be reduced to yield 5-nonanol. The 5-nonanol can be dehydrated to yield nonene, which can be dimerized to yield a mixture of C | 06-14-2012 |
20120165416 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIO-FUEL THAT INTEGRATES HEAT FROM CARBON-CARBON BOND-FORMING REACTIONS TO DRIVE BIOMASS GASIFICATION REACTIONS - A low-temperature catalytic process for converting biomass (preferably glycerol recovered from the fabrication of bio-diesel) to synthesis gas (i.e., H | 06-28-2012 |
20120283477 | PRODUCTION OF 2,4-DIONES FROM 4-HYDROXY-6-SUBSTITUTED-2-PYRONES - Described is a method of making 2,4-diones via acid catalyzed or thermally induced ring-opening of a 4-hydroxy-6-substituted-2-pyrone to yield a 2,4-dione. | 11-08-2012 |
20120302767 | PRODUCTION OF LEVULINIC ACID, FURFURAL, AND GAMMA VALEROLACTONE FROM C5 and C6 CARBOHYDRATES IN MONO- AND BIPHASIC SYSTEMS USING GAMMA- VALEROLACTONE AS A SOLVENT - A method to make levulinic acid (LA), furfural, or gamma-valerolactone (GVL). React cellulose (and/or other C | 11-29-2012 |
20130116449 | SINGLE-REACTOR PROCESS FOR PRODUCING LIQUID-PHASE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM BIOMASS - Disclosed is a method for preparing liquid fuel and chemical intermediates from biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons. The method includes the steps of reacting in a single reactor an aqueous solution of a biomass-derived, water-soluble oxygenated hydrocarbon reactant, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au, at a temperature, and a pressure, and for a time sufficient to yield a self-separating, three-phase product stream comprising a vapor phase, an organic phase containing linear and/or cyclic mono-oxygenated hydrocarbons, and an aqueous phase. | 05-09-2013 |
20130150595 | LEWIS AND BRONSTED-LOWRY ACID-CATALYZED PRODUCTION OF 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL (HMF) FROM GLUCOSE - Described is a process to make hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from glucose. The process includes the steps of reacting a feedstock solution comprising glucose, in the presence of a homogeneous Brønsted acid catalyst and a homogeneous Lewis acid catalyst, in a reaction vessel containing a biphasic reaction medium. The reaction medium includes an aqueous reaction solution and a substantially immiscible organic extraction solution. HMF is produced in the aqueous reaction solution and extracted into the organic extraction solution. | 06-13-2013 |
20140094618 | CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF CELLULOSE TO LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS BY PROGRESSIVE REMOVAL OF OXYGEN TO FACILITATE SEPARATION PROCESSES AND ACHIEVE HIGH SELECTIVITIES - Described is a method to make liquid chemicals. The method includes deconstructing cellulose to yield a product mixture comprising levulinic acid and formic acid, converting the levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone, and converting the γ-valerolactone to pentanoic acid. Alternatively, the γ-valerolactone can be converted to a mixture of n-butenes. The pentanoic acid can be decarboxylated yield 1-butene or ketonized to yield 5-nonanone. The 5-nonanone can be hydrodeoxygenated to yield nonane, or 5-nonanone can be reduced to yield 5-nonanol. The 5-nonanol can be dehydrated to yield nonene, which can be dimerized to yield a mixture of C | 04-03-2014 |
20140107355 | METHOD TO CONVERT MONOSACCHARIDES TO 5-(HYDROXYMETHYL) FURFURAL (HMF) USING BIOMASS-DERIVED SOLVENTS - Described is a process to produce hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) from biomass-derived sugars. The process includes the steps of reacting a C5 and/or C6 sugar-containing reactant derived from biomass in a monophasic or biphasic reaction solution comprising water and a co-solvent. The co-solvent can be beta-, gamma-, and/or delta-lactones derived from biomass, tetrahydrofuran (THF) derived from biomass, and/or methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) derived from biomass. The reaction takes place in the presence of an acid catalyst and a dehydration catalyst for a time and under conditions such that at least a portion of glucose or fructose present in the reactant is converted to HMF. | 04-17-2014 |
20140194619 | METHOD TO PRODUCE WATER-SOLUBLE SUGARS FROM BIOMASS USING SOLVENTS CONTAINING LACTONES - A process to produce an aqueous solution of carbohydrates that contains C6-sugar-containing oligomers, C6 sugar monomers, C5-sugar-containing oligomers, C5 sugar monomers, or any combination thereof is presented. The process includes the steps of reacting biomass or a biomass-derived reactant with a solvent system including a lactone and water, and an acid catalyst. The reaction yields a product mixture containing water-soluble C6-sugar-containing oligomers, C6-sugar monomers, C5-sugar-containing oligomers, C5-sugar monomers, or any combination thereof. A solute is added to the product mixture to cause partitioning of the product mixture into an aqueous layer containing the carbohydrates and a substantially immiscible organic layer containing the lactone. | 07-10-2014 |
20140235436 | HYDROTHERMAL PERFORMANCE OF CATALYST SUPPORTS - A high surface area catalyst with a mesoporous support structure and a thin conformal coating over the surface of the support structure. The high surface area catalyst support is adapted for carrying out a reaction in a reaction environment where the thin conformal coating protects the support structure within the reaction environment. In various embodiments, the support structure is a mesoporous silica catalytic support and the thin conformal coating comprises a layer of metal oxide resistant to the reaction environment which may be a hydrothermal environment. | 08-21-2014 |
20140256966 | METHOD TO STABILIZE BASE METAL CATALYSTS BY OVERCOATING VIA ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION AND RESULTING PRODUCT - A method for stabilizing a metal or metal-containing particle supported on a surface is described, along with the resulting composition of matter. The method includes the steps of depositing upon the surface a protective thin film of a material of sufficient thickness to overcoat the metal or metal-containing particle and the surface, thereby yielding an armored surface; and then calcining the armored surface for a time and at a temperature sufficient to form channels in the protective thin film, wherein the channels so formed expose a portion of the metal- or metal-containing particle to the surrounding environment. Also described is a method of performing a heterogeneous catalytic reaction using the stabilized, supported catalyst. | 09-11-2014 |
20140370594 | BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION OF BIOMASS-DERIVED SUGARS TO VALUE ADDED CHEMICALS - A method of growing a microorganism by culturing the microorganism in a an aqueous solution of carbohydrates containing C6-sugar monomers or C5-sugar monomers, wherein the aqueous solution of carbohydrates is made by reacting biomass or a biomass-derived reactant with a solvent system including a lactone and water, and an acid catalyst. The reaction yields a product mixture containing water-soluble C6-sugar-containing oligomers, C6-sugar monomers, C5-sugar-containing oligomers, C5-sugar monomers, or any combination thereof. The product mixture is then partitioned or extracted to yield an aqueous layer containing the carbohydrates and a substantially immiscible organic layer containing the lactone. The aqueous layer is used for growing the microorganisms. | 12-18-2014 |