Inventors list

Assignees list

Classification tree browser

Top 100 Inventors

Top 100 Assignees

Hagino, JP

Hamazou Hagino, Osaka JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100033284	RESONANCE TRANSFORMER AND POWER SUPPLY UNIT EMPLOYING IT - A resonance type transformer has an O-shaped magnetic core, a primary winding, and a secondary winding. The O-shaped magnetic core is formed of a first split magnetic core and a second split magnetic core, and has a first magnetic leg provided with a first magnetic gap therein and a second magnetic leg opposite the first magnetic leg. The primary winding is wound on the outer periphery of the first magnetic so as to cover at least the first magnetic gap. The secondary winding is wound on the outer periphery of the second magnetic leg.	02-11-2010

Hiroaki Hagino, Yokohama-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090106137	Power Transmitting Device, Power Receiving Device, Authentication/Billing Proxy Device, Electrical Charging System, Power Transmitting Method, Power Receiving Method and Electrical Charging Method - To realize charging while in non-contact processing operation for the purpose other than charging. An approach of a portable electronic device	04-23-2009

Hiroaki Hagino, Kanagawa JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080309461	Information Managing Unit and Information Managing Method - An information managing unit (	12-18-2008

Hiroyuki Hagino, Osaka JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110298006	SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FABRICATING THE SAME - A semiconductor light emitting device includes a nitride semiconductor layer including a first cladding layer, an active layer, and a second cladding layer, and a current blocking layer configured to selectively inject a current into the active layer. The second cladding layer has a stripe-shaped ridge portion. The current blocking layer is formed in regions on both sides of the ridge portion, and is made of zinc oxide having a crystalline structure.	12-08-2011

Junichi Hagino, Osaka-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090202183	PACKAGING BODY AND FILM MADE OF RESIN USED THEREFOR - Providing a packaging body and a film made of resin (a resin-made film) used therefor that can store the remaining contents even after a part of the contents is taken out, wherein the packaging body is easily openable and closable without providing a zipper, has a storage property equal to that of a body provided with a zipper, and can be manufactured at a low cost.	08-13-2009

Junichi Hagino, Ukyo-Ku JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090251062	INVERTER - A soft start circuit generates a soft start voltage which changes over time when light emission of an EEFL is started. A pulse modulator receives a feedback voltage that corresponds to the output voltage of an inverter and the soft start voltage, and adjusts the duty ratio of a pulse signal PWM such that these two voltages match one another using a feedback operation. A striking control circuit monitors an error signal which is asserted when an abnormal state occurs. In a case in which the error signal has been asserted at a detection timing after the soft start voltage has reached a target voltage, the striking control circuit resets and restarts the soft start circuit. A driver controls the switching of the voltage at the primary coil of a transformer according to the pulse signal received from the pulse modulator.	10-08-2009
20100149458	INVERTER APPARATUS - A switching circuit includes multiple transistors connected to the primary winding of a transformer, and alternately applies an input voltage and a ground voltage to the primary winding according to the ON/OFF operations of the transistors. Multiple ballast capacitors are respectively provided to multiple fluorescent lamps. One terminal of each ballast capacitor is connected to the secondary winding so as to form a common terminal. The other terminal thereof is connected to the fluorescent lamp. A first capacitor and a second capacitor are arranged in this order in series between an connection node that connects the fluorescent lamp to be monitored and the corresponding ballast capacitor and the ground terminal. An abnormal state judging unit compares the voltage at the connection node that connects the first capacitor and the second capacitor with a predetermined threshold voltage.	06-17-2010
20120001557	PHASE SHIFT CONTROLLER - A positive counter starts counting, starting with an initial value, upon receiving a positive edge of a dimming pulse signal. A negative edge counter starts counting, starting with an initial value, upon receiving a negative edge of the dimming pulse signal. For each i-th (2≦i≦n) channel, the phase shift amount is calculated by multiplying a period count value that indicates the period of the dimming pulse signal by (i−1)/n. When the count value matches the phase shift amount, a burst control signal is switched to a first level. When the count value matches the phase shift amount, the burst control signal is switched to a second level.	01-05-2012

Junichi Hagino, Kyoto JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100039571	TRIANGULAR-WAVE GENERATING CIRCUIT SYNCHRONIZED WITH AN EXTERNAL CIRCUIT - A charge-discharge circuit charges or discharges a capacitor having a fixed electric potential at one end. A first comparator compares an output voltage of the capacitor with a first threshold voltage and outputs a first comparison signal in accordance with a comparison result. An edge detecting circuit detects an edge of a synchronization signal input from the outside and having a frequency of about ½ of a triangular-wave signal generated by the triangular-wave generating circuit, and outputs an edge detection signal that will be at a predetermined level for each of the detected edges. A charge-discharge controller receives the first comparison signal that is output from the first comparator and the edge detection signal that is output from the edge detecting circuit, and switches between a charge state and a discharge state of the charge-discharge circuit in accordance with a level transition of these signals. A voltage of the capacitor is output as a triangular-wave signal	02-18-2010
20110279043	CURRENT DRIVE CIRCUIT FOR LIGHT EMITTING DIODE - A pulse width modulated dimming pulse signal PWM is input to a control input terminal P	11-17-2011

Katsuya Hagino, Kawasaki-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080246311	VEHICLE BODY STRUCTURE - A vehicle body structure includes a cowl extending in a vehicle transverse direction at an upper rear section of an engine compartment, an air inlet to introduce outside air into a vehicle cabin from the cowl, a fluid discharge channel provided at the bottom of the cowl, the fluid discharge channel inclined to guide fluid entering the cowl to a drain opening disposed at a transverse end of the cowl, a one-way valve disposed inside the cowl at a position corresponding to the drain opening, the one-way valve including a flapper operable to open and close the drain opening in response to a differential pressure generated when air flows through the air inlet and a frame comprising a valve opening corresponding to the drain opening, wherein the one-way valve covers the drain opening.	10-09-2008

Kazuhiko Hagino, Kawasaki JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100153790	PERFORMANCE TROUBLE ISOLATION SUPPORT APPARATUS - Operation information about a component of an information system is acquired by a CMDB (configuration management database). An investigation information DB stores assumption narrowing information including a plurality of inquiry items to be issued to a user to narrow a cause of a fault of an information system to a specific assumption, and assumption verification information including information necessary for verification of an assumption for each of a plurality of assumptions included in the assumption narrowing information. An inquiry item optimizing function unit refers to the assumption verification information stored in the investigation information DB and operation information stored in the CMDB, generates priority assignment information necessary in assigning a priority to the inquiry item, and assigns the priority to the inquiry item included in the assumption narrowing information on the basis of the priority assignment information.	06-17-2010

Kei Hagino, Hyogo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110034787	Device for Interstitial Fluid Extraction, Production Process Thereof and Analyzing Process of Interstitial Fluid Using the Device - A device for interstitial fluid extraction, having a base material formed from a synthetic resin film, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer, a hydrogel layer formed from at least one hydrophilic polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and a release layer, wherein the hydrogel layer has an area of a size that the pressure sensitive adhesive layer is exposed from around the hydrogel layer, does substantially not contain a sodium ion and causes no water separation.	02-10-2011

Kei Hagino, Amagasaki-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100160758	IN VIVO COMPONENT MEASUREMENT METHOD AND IN VIVO COMPONENT MEASUREMENT APPARATUS - An in vivo component measurement method comprises steps of: extracting a tissue fluid from a biological body into an extraction medium and accumulating an objective component and an inorganic ion in the extracted tissue fluid; acquiring ion information on a quantity of the accumulated inorganic ion; acquiring a component information on a quantity of the accumulated objective component; and acquiring an analysis value on the quantity of the objective component based on the ion information and the component information.	06-24-2010

Kei Hagino, Kobe-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080208024	Method of measuring skin conductance, method of analyzing component concentration, skin conductance measuring apparatus, and component concentration analyzer - The present invention provides a method of measuring skin conductance which can obtain an accuracy measurement result, comprising the steps of: supplying a low conductivity medium as a medium for holding tissue fluid that contains a predetermined component of a subject to a medium containing part; disposing the medium containing part on an extraction region of a skin of the subject; extracting tissue fluid through the extraction region into the low conductivity medium within the medium containing part; supplying electric power between a first electrode for supplying electric power to the extraction region and a second electrode for supplying electric power to the skin outside the extraction region; and measuring the conductance of the extraction region based on the electric power supplied between the first electrode and second electrode. A method of analyzing a component concentration, a skin conductance measuring apparatus, and a component concentration analyzer are also disclosed.	08-28-2008
20100249651	PUNCTURE DEVICE AND FINE PORE FORMATION METHOD - A puncture device includes a piston, wherein the needle is to be attached to a distal end of the piston; a drive spring which has one end capable of contacting a proximal end of the piston, and moves the piston in a specific direction toward the skin; and a first contact section including a contact surface capable of contacting other end of the drive spring. A length between a supposed strike position and the contact surface of the first contact section is longer than a total of a natural length of the drive spring and a length between the proximal end of the piston and a tip end of the needle, wherein the supposed strike position is where the tip end of the needle is supposed to strike against the skin.	09-30-2010
20110040166	EXTRACTING KIT, EXTRACTING DEVICE, AND EXTRACTING METHOD - An extracting kits for extracting analyte through the skin of a living body are disclosed that comprises an inserting device comprising needles for forming a plurality of extraction holes in the skin through the stratum corneum but not reaching the subcutaneous tissue and an extracting device for extracting the analyte into a liquid supplied into the extraction holes by supplying the liquid into the plurality of extraction holes. An extracting device and extracting method are also described.	02-17-2011

Kiyoshi Hagino, Hamamatsu-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110094368	MUSICAL TONE SIGNAL GENERATING APPARATUS - A waveform memory WM stores fast decay waveform data representative of fast decay waveforms of different levels of strength and slow decay waveform data representative of a slow decay waveform of a strong strength. A CPU	04-28-2011

Koichi Hagino, Kawanishi-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080231209	POWER SUPPLY DEVICE, AND LED DEVICE AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE USING SAME - A power supply device includes a step-up circuit configured to supply a driving voltage to a load, a comparison circuit configured to compare an output voltage from the load with a reference voltage, and a control circuit configured to control the step-up circuit based on a comparison result generated by the comparison circuit. The step-up circuit includes multiple operation modes each outputting a given voltage not lower than a power source voltage. The control circuit controls the step-up circuit to operate in one of the multiple operation modes. The control circuit maintains a current operation mode of the step-up circuit until the output voltage from the load decrease to below the reference voltage and, when the output voltage from the load is less than the reference voltage, switches the operation mode to another operation mode to output a voltage higher than a voltage output in the current operation mode.	09-25-2008
20090072864	OUTPUT CIRCUIT - An output circuit including an input terminal; an output terminal; a PMOS transistor connected with a positive side of a power voltage and the output terminal; a NMOS transistor connected with a negative side of the power supply voltage and the output terminal; a first inverter, to which a gate voltage of the PMOS transistor is input and which exhibits hysteresis in threshold voltage; and a second inverter, to which a gate voltage of the NMOS transistor is input and which exhibits hysteresis in threshold voltage, wherein an OR logic signal of the input signal and a signal obtained by inverting an output signal from the second inverter is input to a gate of the PMOS transistor, and an AND logic signal of the input signal and a signal obtained by inverting an output signal from the first inverter is input to a gate of the NMOS transistor.	03-19-2009
20110187452	SOUND AND MUSIC PLAYBACK DEVICE - A sound and music playback device includes: an output amplifier; a power supply circuit that supplies electric power to the output amplifier; and an output signal level judging circuit; wherein an output voltage value of the power supply circuit is changed based on a level of a sound and music signal to be outputted.	08-04-2011

Koichi Hagino, Hyogo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100013447	SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT - A switching power supply circuit for generating an output voltage at an output node based on an input voltage at an input node includes a reference voltage generating circuit configured to generate a reference voltage such that during an initial start-up period of the reference voltage a voltage rise rate of the reference voltage within a first predetermined period from a start point of the initial start-up period and a voltage rise rate thereof within a second predetermined period immediately preceding an end point of the initial start-up period are smaller than a voltage rise rate thereof in a period between the first predetermined period and the second predetermined period, a coil disposed between the input output nodes, and a switch circuit configured to switch on and off to control current through the coil in response to comparison between the reference voltage and a voltage proportional to the output voltage.	01-21-2010

Masao Hagino, Kanagawa-Ken JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080253619	TECHNIQUE FOR AUTHENTICATING AN OBJECT ON BASIS OF FEATURES EXTRACTED FROM THE OBJECT - The present invention discourages effective illegal use of compromised biometric information in biometric authentication and allows biometric authentication to be securely continued even when some biometric information is compromised. A user authentication system compares extracted user features with a previously registered combination of features and authenticates the user on the basis of the result of the comparison. If the authentication is successful, the previously registered combination is replaced with anew combination of features that are registered for use in the subsequent authentication of the authentication object.	10-16-2008

Masashi Hagino, Takahama-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110259192	EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING SYSTEM, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING SYSTEM AND EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING METHOD USING THE EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING SYSTEM - An exhaust gas purifying system includes an exhaust gas purifying apparatus provided with a gas inlet side connected to an inlet pipe and a gas outlet side connected to an exhaust pipe. A holding sealing material of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus has a first side face and a second side face. The first side face is positioned on the gas outlet side and has a first slanting face formed on the first side face. The first slanting face has a first inside end point and a first outside end point. The first inside end point is positioned between the gas inlet side and the first outside end point. The first slanting face extends from the first inside end point to the first outside end point and is tilted relative to an end face of an exhaust gas treating body of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus.	10-27-2011

Minoru Hagino, Hamamatsu-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100197069	PROCESS FOR PRODUCING LAYERED MEMBER AND LAYERED MEMBER - The object is to provide a photoelectric surface member which allows higher quantum efficiency. In order to achieve this object, a photoelectric surface member	08-05-2010

Naoki Hagino, Toyohashi-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20120000311	GEARSHIFT KNOB ATTACHING STRUCTURE FOR VEHICLE GEARSHIFT LEVER UNIT - When an end portion of a gearshift lever	01-05-2012

Noriyuki Hagino, Shizuoka JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110211170	Projector apparatus - A filter device includes: first and second filter elements allowing air to pass therethrough; and first and second filter holding members holding the first and second filter elements such that they are linearly connected side by side, the holding members being connected to be foldable in the position where the filter elements are connected.	09-01-2011
20110211173	Projector apparatus - A projector apparatus includes: an air intake port taking external air into the body of the apparatus; a duct guiding the external air taken in through the air intake port; a filter horizontally disposed in the duct; and a fan supplying the external air to a heat-generating part from underneath after the external air passes through the filter.	09-01-2011

Noriyuki Hagino, Aichi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100091251	HEAT DISSIPATING DEVICE FOR ELECTRONIC APPARATUS, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS - A heat dissipating device for an electronic apparatus includes an enclosure that houses a component of the electronic apparatus which becomes hot when the electronic apparatus is in use, the enclosure being made of a heat conductive material capable of dissipating heat in the enclosure to the outside, a heat receiving member provided between the component and the enclosure and capable of receiving heat from the component and transferring the received heat, a heat insulating member provided in contact with a side of the heat receiving member opposite from the component and configured to prevent transmission of the heat received by the heat receiving member, and a heat diffusing member provided between the heat insulating member and the enclosure in contact with both the heat insulating member and the enclosure and capable of receiving heat from the heat insulating member and diffusing the received heat into the enclosure.	04-15-2010

Shinichi Hagino, Himeji-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100081972	MASSAGE UNIT AND CHAIR-TYPE MASSAGE MACHINE HAVING THE UNIT - The invention provides a massage unit of reduced weight and low cost which is adapted to grip and knead the affected part of the user with upper and lower therapeutic members. The massage unit comprises: a kneading shaft (	04-01-2010

Shuji Hagino, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090213042	Matrix Addressing Method and Circuitry and Display Device Using the Same - The invention aims at providing a matrix addressing method and circuitry and display device, which enable power savings without as little degrading the legibility of content of an image as possible. A matrix addressing method for driving pixels arranged over a display area by signals supplied to row electrodes and column electrodes arranged to cross one another. Rich-gray-scale pixel information signals (#	08-27-2009

Takaaki Hagino, Hamamatsu-City JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110132175	USER INTERFACE APPARATUS - A user interface apparatus for displaying areas having vocal or instrumental unit signals that are included in an input musical tone signal. Display locations, for display on a display screen that has a localization-frequency plane, are calculated for the input musical tone signal based on localization information of each frequency band. Then, the primary level distributions, in which the levels of the frequency band corresponding to each display location are expanded and obtained using a specified distribution in each of the frequency bands, is calculated. The secondary level distribution is calculated in this manner by aggregating the frequency bands for each respective display location. Said secondary level distribution is displayed in three dimensions (the localization axis, the frequency axis, and the level axis) and viewed from the level axis direction. Therefore, the areas, in which the vocal or instrumental units exist in a grouped state, can be easily identified.	06-09-2011
20110132177	MUSICAL TONE SIGNAL-PROCESSING APPARATUS - A musical tone signal processing apparatus configured to extract musical tone signals that are signal processed for a plurality of localizations. Such an apparatus may be configured to carry out signal processing for signals that have been extracted by first retrieving processing (S	06-09-2011
20110132178	MUSICAL TONE SIGNAL-PROCESSING APPARATUS - A musical tone signal processing apparatus configured to freely expand or contract an acoustic image. A setting means may set a second reference localization, a first function that stipulates expansion of the boundary of one end of a direction range, and a second function that stipulates expansion of the boundary of an other end of said direction range. In addition, an output direction indicated by localization information of an extraction signal that exists in the direction range in which the conditions have been set in this manner is shifted by an acoustic image scaling means. The acoustic image in said direction range is expanded or contracted accordingly. In other words, the acoustic image formed by the extraction signal is expanded or contracted by shifting the output direction for each extraction signal extracted from within the direction range.	06-09-2011

Takashi Hagino, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080210165	CLUSTER TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING APPARATUS - A cluster type semiconductor processing apparatus includes a wafer handling chamber having a polygonal base including multiple sides for wafer processing chambers and two adjacent sides for wafer loading/unloading chambers as viewed in a direction of an axis of the wafer handling chamber. An angle A between two adjacent sides of the multiple sides for wafer processing chambers is greater than an angle B which is calculated by dividing 360° by the number of the total sides consisting of the multiple sides for wafer processing chambers and the two adjacent sides for wafer loading/unloading chambers.	09-04-2008

Takeshi Hagino, Tsukuba-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110134437	FIZEAU INTERFEROMETER AND MEASUREMENT METHOD USING FIZEAU INTERFEROMETER - A Fizeau interferometer includes: a reference spherical surface; and a measuring apparatus including an intensity obtaining section and a form calculating section, wherein: a focal point of the reference spherical surface is aligned with a center of curvature of the spherical surface in order to set the center of curvature as a center position, and two positions equidistant from the center position are set as a start position and an end position, the intensity obtaining section obtains the intensity maps of the interferograms at n positions at equal intervals; and the form calculating section measures the form of the spherical surface using a phase analysis method in which a coefficient of the intensity maps of the interferograms at an i-th position and a coefficient of the intensity maps of the interferograms at an (n−i+1)th position have a same value.	06-09-2011
20110173830	SPHERICAL-FORM MEASURING APPARATUS - A spherical-form measuring apparatus	07-21-2011

Takeshi Hagino, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110024645	ROTATING IRRADIATION APPARATUS - There is provided a rotating irradiation apparatus that can secure as large an access floor as possible, reduce noise during the formation of an access floor, and stably operate with a simple structure. The rotating irradiation apparatus includes an irradiation device	02-03-2011

Tatsuhiro Hagino, Utsunomiya-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110186704	MUDGUARD MOUNTING STRUCTURE - There is provided a mudguard mounting structure, superior in versatility and capable of reducing the number of steps for mounting. The present invention is a structure for mounting a mudguard on a rear bumper of a vehicle, in which a mounting member is used to mount the mudguard on the rear bumper, said mounting member comprising a clamping portion on one side thereof for clamping an end portion of the rear bumper, and a mounting portion on which the mudguard is mounted on an other side. The mounting member can be mounted on the rear bumper by allowing the clamping portion to clamp the aforementioned end portion, thereby reducing the number of parts and steps for mounting, and costs. Since the mounting member excels in versatility, costs can be further reduced. An engagement portion for engaging the rear bumper is provided on an inner surface of the clamping portion.	08-04-2011

Yasuyuki Hagino, Aichi-Ken JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110207538	ROTATION SHAFT VIBRATION DAMPING MECHANISM - A vibration damping mechanism of a rotation shaft that is not likely to be subject to the limitation in layout and that is capable of stably maintaining damping properties by a frictional contact portion without variation for a long term is provided. The vibration damping mechanism includes a shaft for outputting torque inputted from its input side end portion to its output side end portion, and a damping member having a fixed portion fixed to the shaft and a frictional contact portion held in frictional contact with the shaft, in which the frictional contact portion is provided with a clamping band for urging the frictional contact portion toward the shaft to be held in frictional contact with the shaft at a predetermined contact pressure.	08-25-2011

Yasuyuki Hagino, Toyota-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100298093	CONTROL APPARATUS OF CLUTCH MECHANISM - This apparatus is provided with a clutch mechanism	11-25-2010

Yoshio Hagino, Chiba JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080259175	Imaging Device - It is possible to correct camera shaking even in an imaging device such as a camera-equipped mobile telephone having no sufficient ability for rapidly acquiring a plurality of images and a limited memory capacity. There is suggested an imaging device capable of correcting camera shaking by utilizing a small image such as a preview image and a target image to be obtained when a user of the imaging device clicks a shutter. The preview image has an appropriate exposure but has a high possibility that camera shaking has occurred. The target image is captured by insufficient exposure because of rapid shutter speed but the camera shaking is reduced. The image information on the target image is corrected by the image information on the preview image so as to obtain an image of reduced camera shaking and appropriate exposure.	10-23-2008

Yoshiteru Hagino, Susono-Shi JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110049814	SEALING STRUCTURE USING A LIQUID GASKET - A sealing structure using a liquid gasket, having a liquid gasket interposed in the form of a thin film between mating surfaces of a first member and a second member, thereby preventing the movement of oil via the mating surfaces, the sealing structure, includes at oil-side end portions of the mating surfaces, a gasket lump portion that is formed of an excess of the thin-film liquid gasket squeezed out from the mating surfaces, and an oil-shielding portion that covers a boundary portion where the gasket lump portion and the first member come into contact, thereby preventing a flow of the oil from directly striking the boundary portion, and is provided on an oil-flow upstream side from the boundary portion.	03-03-2011

Yukino Hagino, Kanagawa JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110014793	Post-dry etching cleaning liquid composition and process for fabricating semiconductor device - A post-dry etching cleaning liquid composition for cleaning a substrate after dry etching is provided, the cleaning liquid composition containing at least one type of fluorine compound, glyoxylic acid, at least one type of organic acid salt, and water. With regard to the fluorine compound, ammonium fluoride may be used. With regard to the organic acid salt, at least one of ammonium oxalate, ammonium tartarate, ammonium citrate, and ammonium acetate may be used.	01-20-2011