Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100009161 | STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR SiCOH INTERFACES WITH INCREASED MECHANICAL STRENGTH - Disclosed is a structure and method for forming a structure including a SiCOH layer having increased mechanical strength. The structure includes a substrate having a layer of dielectric or conductive material, a layer of oxide on the layer of dielectric or conductive material, the oxide layer having essentially no carbon, a graded transition layer on the oxide layer, the graded transition layer having essentially no carbon at the interface with the oxide layer and gradually increasing carbon towards a porous SiCOH layer, and a porous SiCOH (pSiCOH) layer on the graded transition layer, the porous pSiCOH layer having an homogeneous composition throughout the layer. The method includes a process wherein in the graded transition layer, there are no peaks in the carbon concentration and no dips in the oxygen concentration. | 01-14-2010 |
20110012238 | ENGINEERED INTERCONNECT DIELECTRIC CAPS HAVING COMPRESSIVE STRESS AND INTERCONNECT STRUCTURES CONTAINING SAME - A dielectric capping layer having a dielectric constant of less than 4.2 is provided that exhibits a higher mechanical and electrical stability to UV and/or E-Beam radiation as compared to conventional dielectric capping layers. Also, the dielectric capping layer maintains a consistent compressive stress upon post-deposition treatments. The dielectric capping layer includes a tri-layered dielectric material in which at least one of the layers has good oxidation resistance, is resistance to conductive metal diffusion, and exhibits high mechanical stability under at least UV curing. The low k dielectric capping layer also includes nitrogen content layers that contain electron donors and double bond electrons. The low k dielectric capping layer also exhibits a high compressive stress and high modulus and is stable under post-deposition curing treatments, which leads to less film and device cracking and improved device reliability. | 01-20-2011 |
20110042687 | GRAPHENE GROWTH ON A CARBON-CONTAINING SEMICONDUCTOR LAYER - A semiconductor-carbon alloy layer is formed on the surface of a semiconductor substrate, which may be a commercially available semiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate. The semiconductor-carbon alloy layer is converted into at least one graphene layer during a high temperature anneal, during which the semiconductor material on the surface of the semiconductor-carbon alloy layer is evaporated selective to the carbon atoms. As the semiconductor atoms are selectively removed and the carbon concentration on the surface of the semiconductor-carbon alloy layer increases, the remaining carbon atoms in the top layers of the semiconductor-carbon alloy layer coalesce to form a graphene layer having at least one graphene monolayer. Thus, a graphene layer may be provided on a commercially available semiconductor substrate having a diameter of 200 mm or 300 mm. | 02-24-2011 |
20110127493 | SELF ALIGNED CARBIDE SOURCE/DRAIN FET - A field effect transistor includes a metal carbide source portion, a metal carbide drain portion, an insulating carbon portion separating the metal carbide source portion from the metal carbide portion, a nanostructure formed over the insulating and carbon portion and connecting the metal carbide source portion to the metal carbide drain portion, and a gate stack formed on over at least a portion of the insulating carbon portion and at least a portion of the nanostructure. | 06-02-2011 |
20110162874 | SELF-ALIGNED COMPOSITE M-MOx/DIELECTRIC CAP FOR Cu INTERCONNECT STRUCTURES - An interconnect structure is provided that has improved electromigration resistance as well as methods of forming such an interconnect structure. The interconnect structure includes an interconnect dielectric material having a dielectric constant of about 4.0 or less. The interconnect dielectric material has at least one opening therein that is filled with a Cu-containing material. The Cu-containing material within the at least one opening has an exposed upper surface that is co-planar with an upper surface of the interconnect dielectric material. The interconnect structure further includes a composite M-MOx cap located at least on the upper surface of the Cu-containing material within the at least one opening. The composite M-MOx cap includes an upper region that is composed of the metal having a higher affinity for oxygen than copper and copper oxide and a lower region that is composed of a non-stoichiometric oxide of said metal. The interconnect structure further includes a dielectric cap located on at least an upper surface of the composite M-MOx cap. | 07-07-2011 |
20110206934 | GRAPHENE FORMATION UTILIZING SOLID PHASE CARBON SOURCES - A method for forming a single, few-layer, or multi-layer graphene and structure is described incorporating selecting a substrate having a buried layer of carbon underneath a metal layer, providing an ambient and providing a heat treatment to pass carbon through the metal layer to form a graphene layer on the metal layer surface or incorporating a metal-carbon layer which is heated to segregate carbon in the form of graphene to the surface or chemically reacting the metal in the metal-carbon layer with a substrate containing Si driving the carbon to the surface whereby graphene is formed. | 08-25-2011 |
20120175023 | SELF-ALIGNED COMPOSITE M-MOx/DIELECTRIC CAP FOR Cu INTERCONNECT STRUCTURES - An interconnect structure is provided that has improved electromigration resistance as well as methods of forming such an interconnect structure. The interconnect structure includes a composite M-MOx cap located at least on the upper surface of the Cu-containing material within the at least one opening. The composite M-MOx cap includes an upper region that is composed of the metal having a higher affinity for oxygen than copper and copper oxide and a lower region that is composed of a non-stoichiometric oxide of said metal. | 07-12-2012 |
20120302005 | SELF ALIGNED CARBIDE SOURCE/DRAIN FET - A field effect transistor includes a metal carbide source portion, a metal carbide drain portion, an insulating carbon portion separating the metal carbide source portion from the metal carbide portion, a nanostructure formed over the insulating and carbon portion and connecting the metal carbide source portion to the metal carbide drain portion, and a gate stack formed on over at least a portion of the insulating carbon portion and at least a portion of the nanostructure. | 11-29-2012 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090030007 | NOVEL SOLVATE AND CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF CARBAMOYL-CYCLOHEXANE DERIVATIVES - The present invention relates to novel solvate and crystalline forms of carbamoyl-cyclohexane derivatives and, more particularly, to novel solvate and crystalline forms of trans-1{4-[2-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethyl]-cyclohexyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea hydrochloride. Processes for the preparation of these forms, compositions containing these forms, and methods of use thereof are also described. | 01-29-2009 |
20100010044 | NOVEL CRYSTALLINE FORM OF 2-[4-(4-FLUORO-BENZYL)-PIPERIDINE-1-YL]-2-OXO-N-(2-OXO-2,3-DIHYDRO-BENZOX- AZOL-6-YL)-ACETAMIDE - The present invention relates to a novel crystalline form of 2-[4-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-piperidine-1-yl]-2-oxo-N-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-benzoxazol-6-yl)-acetamide. Processes for the preparation of this form, compositions containing the form, and methods of use thereof are also described. | 01-14-2010 |
20100125056 | CRYSTALLINE FORM OF LINACLOTIDE - The present invention relates to crystalline forms of linaclotide, as well as to various methods and processes for the preparation and use of the crystalline forms. | 05-20-2010 |
20110028722 | NOVEL SOLVATE AND CRYSTALLINE FORMS OF CARBAMOYL-CYCLOHEXANE DERIVATIVES - The present invention relates to novel solvate and crystalline forms of carbamoyl-cyclohexane derivatives and, more particularly, to novel solvate and crystalline forms of trans-1{4-[2-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethyl]-cyclohexyl}-3,3-dimethyl-urea hydrochloride. Processes for the preparation of these forms, compositions containing these forms, and methods of use thereof are also described. | 02-03-2011 |
20120214750 | CRYSTALLINE FORM OF LINACLOTIDE - The present invention relates to crystalline forms of linaclotide, as well as to various methods and processes for the preparation and use of the crystalline forms. | 08-23-2012 |
20120309695 | CRYSTALLINE FORM OF LINACLOTIDE - The present invention relates to crystalline forms of linaclotide, as well as to various methods and processes for the preparation and use of the crystalline forms. | 12-06-2012 |
20140018307 | LINACLOTIDE COMPOSITIONS - The present invention is directed to stable linaclotide compositions and methods of treating gastrointestinal disorders in patients in need thereof by providing the stable linaclotide compositions. | 01-16-2014 |
20140051710 | CRYSTALLINE FORM OF CARBAMOYL-CYCLOHEXANE DERIVATIVES - The present invention relates to novel crystalline forms of carbarmoyl-cyclohexane derivatives and, more particularly, to novel co-crystalline forms of trans-1{4-[2-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl-piperazin-1-yl]-ethyl]-cyclohexyl}-3,3-dimethly urea hydrochloride and an acid such as fumaric acid. Processes for preparing these forms, compositions containing these forms, and methods of use thereof are also described. | 02-20-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090326603 | APPARATUS FOR STIMULATING COMPONENTS IN, ON, OR NEAR THE PUDENDAL NERVE OR ITS BRANCHES TO ACHIEVE SELECTIVE PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES - Apparatus to control physiological functions, including urinary track physiological functions are described. The apparatus includes an electrode(s) configured to be placed on or in a targeted component of a pudendal nerve and to stimulate the targeted pudendal nerve pudendal. The targeted component of the pudendal nerve includes a pudendal nerve urethral afferent, and afferent nerve fibers in the deep perineal nerve. The apparatus includes a controller coupled to the electrode to apply an electrical signal having an amplitude and a selected frequency chosen to stimulate the targeted component. The controller operates in a first mode to apply a first frequency without substantially changing the amplitude for achieving a first physiologic response and the controller operates in a second mode to apply a second frequency, different than the first frequency, for achieving a second physiologic response different than the first physiologic response. | 12-31-2009 |
20100094372 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SELECTIVELY STIMULATING COMPONENTS IN, ON, OR NEAR THE PUDENDAL NERVE OR ITS BRANCHES TO ACHIEVE SELECTIVE PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES - Systems and methods selectively stimulate components of the pudendal nerve away from the sacral root to evoke desired physiologic responses in persons who lack the ability to otherwise produce these responses—e.g., maintain continence and/or produce micturition, and/or provide male/female sexuality responses, and/or provide bowel responses. The systems and methods use a multiple electrode array, or individual electrodes, placed on, in, or near the pudendal nerve. The electrode array, or individual electrodes, in association with a pulse generator, provide selective stimulation of individual fascicles within the pudendal nerve, to achieve different physiologic responses. | 04-15-2010 |
20100152807 | Non-regular electrical stimulation patterns for treating neurological disorders - Systems and methods for stimulation of neurological tissue generate stimulation trains with temporal patterns of stimulation, in which the interval between electrical pulses (the inter-pulse intervals) changes or varies over time. Compared to conventional continuous, high rate pulse trains having regular (i.e., constant) inter-pulse intervals, the non-regular (i.e., not constant) pulse patterns or trains that embody features of the invention provide a lower average frequency. | 06-17-2010 |
20110301658 | SPATIALLY SELECTIVE VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION - By targeting on selected branches or fascicles of a vagus nerve using electrode placement and/or selection, one or more target branches of the vagus nerve are substantially activated by electrical stimulation pulses delivered to a branch without substantially activating one or more non-target branches. In one embodiment, vagus nerve stimulation is delivered through an electrode placed on a thoracic vagus nerve that is separated from a recurrent laryngeal nerve, such that the vagus nerve is stimulated without causing laryngeal muscle contractions. In another embodiment, vagus nerve stimulation is delivered through a multi-contact electrode with one or more contacts selected for delivering the electrical stimulation pulses to stimulate the vagus nerve without causing laryngeal muscle contractions. | 12-08-2011 |
20110301659 | VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION WITH TARGET EFFECTS CONTROLLED BY ADJUSTING TEMPORAL PARAMETERS - One or more temporal stimulation parameters of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) are selected to substantially modulate one or more target physiological functions without substantially modulating one or more non-target physiological functions. In one embodiment, a stimulation duty cycle is selected such that VNS is delivered to the cervical vagus nerve trunk to modulate a cardiovascular function without causing laryngeal muscle contractions. | 12-08-2011 |
20120136408 | WAVEFORM SHAPES FOR TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS OPTIMIZED FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY - Systems and methods for stimulation of neurological tissue apply a stimulation waveform that is derived by a developed genetic algorithm (GA), which may be coupled to a computational model of extracellular stimulation of a mammalian myelinated axon. The waveform is optimized for energy efficiency. | 05-31-2012 |
20120310301 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAIN THROUGH NEURAL FIBER STIMULATION - Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for the treatment of pain through activation of select neural fibers. The neural fibers may comprise one or more afferent neural fibers and/or one or more efferent neural fibers. If afferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with efferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate afferent pathways in a manner approximating natural afferent activity. The afferent fibers may be associated with primary receptors of muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, secondary receptors of muscle spindles, joint receptors, touch receptors, and other types of mechanoreceptors and/or proprioceptors. If efferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with afferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate intrafusal and/or extrafusal muscle fibers, which results in an indirect activation of afferent fibers associated therewith. | 12-06-2012 |
20120310302 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAIN THROUGH NEURAL FIBER STIMULATION - Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for the treatment of pain through activation of select neural fibers. The neural fibers may comprise one or more afferent neural fibers and/or one or more efferent neural fibers. If afferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with efferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate afferent pathways in a manner approximating natural afferent activity. The afferent fibers may be associated with primary receptors of muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, secondary receptors of muscle spindles, joint receptors, touch receptors, and other types of mechanoreceptors and/or proprioceptors. If efferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with afferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate intrafusal and/or extrafusal muscle fibers, which results in an indirect activation of afferent fibers associated therewith. | 12-06-2012 |
20120310314 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAIN THROUGH NEURAL FIBER STIMULATION - Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for the treatment of pain through activation of select neural fibers. The neural fibers may comprise one or more afferent neural fibers and/or one or more efferent neural fibers. If afferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with efferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate afferent pathways in a manner approximating natural afferent activity. The afferent fibers may be associated with primary receptors of muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, secondary receptors of muscle spindles, joint receptors, touch receptors, and other types of mechanoreceptors and/or proprioceptors. If efferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with afferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate intrafusal and/or extrafusal muscle fibers, which results in an indirect activation of afferent fibers associated therewith. | 12-06-2012 |
20130218239 | NON-REGULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION PATTERNS FOR TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS - Systems and methods for stimulation of neurological tissue and generation stimulation trains with temporal patterns of stimulation, in which the interval between electrical pulses (the inter-pulse intervals) changes or varies over time. The features of the stimulation trains may be selected and arranged algorithmically to by clinical trial. These stimulation trains are generated to target a specific neurological disorder, by arranging sets of features which reduce symptoms of that neurological disorder into a pattern which is effective at reducing those symptoms while maintaining or reducing power consumption versus regular stimulation signals. Compared to conventional continuous, high rate pulse trains having regular (i.e., constant) inter-pulse intervals, the non-regular (i.e., not constant) pulse patterns or trains that embody features of the invention provide increased efficacy and/or a lower than average frequency. | 08-22-2013 |
20130304161 | NON-REGULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION PATTERNS FOR TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS - Systems and methods for stimulation of neurological tissue generate stimulation trains with temporal patterns of stimulation, in which the interval between electrical pulses (the inter-pulse intervals) changes or varies over time. Compared to conventional continuous, high rate pulse trains having regular (i.e., constant) inter-pulse intervals, the non-regular (i.e., not constant) pulse patterns or trains that embody features of the invention provide a lower average frequency. | 11-14-2013 |
20130310893 | SPATIALLY SELECTIVE VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION - By targeting on selected branches or fascicles of a vagus nerve using electrode placement and/or selection, one or more target branches of the vagus nerve are substantially activated by electrical stimulation pulses delivered to a branch without substantially activating one or more non-target branches. In one embodiment, vagus nerve stimulation is delivered through an electrode placed on a thoracic vagus nerve that is separated from a recurrent laryngeal nerve, such that the vagus nerve is stimulated without causing laryngeal muscle contractions. In another embodiment, vagus nerve stimulation is delivered through a multi-contact electrode with one or more contacts selected for delivering the electrical stimulation pulses to stimulate the vagus nerve without causing laryngeal muscle contractions. | 11-21-2013 |
20130345773 | NON-REGULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION PATTERNS FOR IMPROVED EFFICIENCY IN TREATING PARKINSON'S DISEASE - Systems and methods for stimulation of neurological tissue generate stimulation trains with temporal patterns of stimulation, in which the interval between electrical pulses (the inter-pulse intervals) changes or varies over time. Compared to conventional continuous, high rate pulse trains having regular (i.e., constant) inter-pulse intervals, the non-regular (i.e., not constant) pulse patterns or trains that embody features of the invention provide a lower average frequency. The systems and methods for stimulation of neurological tissue may be used to increase the efficacy of treatment in patients with Parkinson's Disease. | 12-26-2013 |
20140330339 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAIN THROUGH NEURAL FIBER STIMULATION - Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for the treatment of pain through activation of select neural fibers. The neural fibers may comprise one or more afferent neural fibers and/or one or more efferent neural fibers. If afferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with efferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate afferent pathways in a manner approximating natural afferent activity. The afferent fibers may be associated with primary receptors of muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, secondary receptors of muscle spindles, joint receptors, touch receptors, and other types of mechanoreceptors and/or proprioceptors. If efferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with afferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate intrafusal and/or extrafusal muscle fibers, which results in an indirect activation of afferent fibers associated therewith. | 11-06-2014 |
20140330340 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAIN THROUGH NEURAL FIBER STIMULATION - Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for the treatment of pain through activation of select neural fibers. The neural fibers may comprise one or more afferent neural fibers and/or one or more efferent neural fibers. If afferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with efferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate afferent pathways in a manner approximating natural afferent activity. The afferent fibers may be associated with primary receptors of muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, secondary receptors of muscle spindles, joint receptors, touch receptors, and other types of mechanoreceptors and/or proprioceptors. If efferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with afferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate intrafusal and/or extrafusal muscle fibers, which results in an indirect activation of afferent fibers associated therewith. | 11-06-2014 |
20140330356 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAIN THROUGH NEURAL FIBER STIMULATION - Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for the treatment of pain through activation of select neural fibers. The neural fibers may comprise one or more afferent neural fibers and/or one or more efferent neural fibers. If afferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with efferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate afferent pathways in a manner approximating natural afferent activity. The afferent fibers may be associated with primary receptors of muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, secondary receptors of muscle spindles, joint receptors, touch receptors, and other types of mechanoreceptors and/or proprioceptors. If efferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with afferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate intrafusal and/or extrafusal muscle fibers, which results in an indirect activation of afferent fibers associated therewith. | 11-06-2014 |
20140350634 | DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION PARAMETERS - Devices, systems and methods for increasing the efficacy and/or efficiency of deep brain stimulation (DBS) using parameters of stimulation that are custom tailored to a unique set of one or more symptoms and/or to a specific patient is shown and described herein. Also disclosed are devices, systems and methods for recording pertinent neural activity during non-regular patterns of stimulation and processing techniques for these recorded signals and stimulation parameter optimization based on these neural recordings may be used to tune computational models of the stimulation patterns to reproduce the observed neural activity. | 11-27-2014 |
20140353944 | NON-REGULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION PATTERNS FOR TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS - Systems and methods for stimulation of neurological tissue and generation stimulation trains with temporal patterns of stimulation, in which the interval between electrical pulses (the inter-pulse intervals) changes or varies over time. The features of the stimulation trains may be selected and arranged algorithmically to by clinical trial. These stimulation trains are generated to target a specific neurological disorder, by arranging sets of features which reduce symptoms of that neurological disorder into a pattern which is effective at reducing those symptoms while maintaining or reducing power consumption versus regular stimulation signals. Compared to conventional continuous, high rate pulse trains having regular (i.e., constant) inter-pulse intervals, the non-regular (i.e., not constant) pulse patterns or trains that embody features of the invention provide increased efficacy and/or a lower than average frequency. | 12-04-2014 |
20140371803 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SELECTIVELY STIMULATING COMPONENTS IN, ON, OR NEAR THE PUDENDAL NERVE OR ITS BRANCHES TO ACHIEVE SELECTIVELY PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES - Systems and methods selectively stimulate components of the pudendal nerve away from the sacral root to evoke desired physiologic responses in persona who lack the ability to otherwise produce these responses—e.g., maintain continence and/or produce micturition, and/or provide male/female sexuality responses, and/or provide bowel responses. The systems and methods use a multiple electrode array, or individual electrodes, placed on, in, or near the pudendal nerve. The electrode array, or individual electrodes, in association with a pulse generator, provide selective stimulation of individual fascicles within the pudendal nerve, to achieve different physiologic responses. | 12-18-2014 |
20150073496 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF PAIN RELATED TO LIMB JOINT REPLACEMENT SURGERY - It has been discovered that pain felt in a given region of the body can be treated by stimulating a peripheral nerve at a therapeutically effective distance from the region where pain is felt to generate a comfortable sensation (i.e., paresthesia) overlapping the regions of pain. A method has been developed to reduce pain in a painful region following limb joint replacement by stimulating a peripheral nerve innervating the painful region with an electrode inserted into tissue and spaced from the peripheral nerve. This method may be used to help alleviate postoperative pain in patients following total knee arthroplasty surgery or other limb joint replacement surgeries. | 03-12-2015 |
20150251007 | VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION WITH TARGET EFFECTS CONTROLLED BY ADJUSTING TEMPORAL PARAMETERS - One or more temporal stimulation parameters of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) are selected to substantially modulate one or more target physiological functions without substantially modulating one or more non-target physiological functions. In one embodiment, a stimulation duty cycle is selected such that VNS is delivered to the cervical vagus nerve trunk to modulate a cardiovascular function without causing laryngeal muscle contractions. | 09-10-2015 |
20160022993 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR APPLYING ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FOR OPTIMIZING SPINAL CORD STIMULATION - Systems and methods for applying electrical stimulation to different sub-populations of targeted neurological tissue for optimizing spinal cord stimulation are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes applying a first pattern of electrical stimulation to a first sub-population of targeted neurological tissue of a subject. The method also includes applying a second pattern of electrical stimulation to a second sub-population of targeted neurological tissue of the subject, the second pattern of electrical stimulation being applied at a different frequency than the first pattern of electrical stimulation. | 01-28-2016 |