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| 20080310852 | Misalignment tolerant free space optical transceiver - In accordance with an aspect of the invention, a system has a transmitter and a receiver, where the transmitter includes a beam source and an optical element. The beam source produces a beam that represents information, and the optical element alters the beam so that the beam has a uniform intensity over a cross-sectional area. The receiver is separated from the transmitter by free space through which the beam propagates and includes an active area positioned to receive a portion of the beam that the receiver converts into a received signal. To accommodate possible misalignment, the cross-sectional area of the beam is larger than the active area by an amount that accommodates a range of misalignment of the receiver with the transmitter. | 12-18-2008 |
| 20090034985 | Optical interconnect - An optical interconnect includes a first circuit board having an optical source and an optical receiver; and a second circuit board having data source and an optical modulator optically coupled with the optical source and optical receiver, wherein the optical modulator is configured to encode data from the data source into an optical signal from the optical source. The optical receiver is configured to receive the optical signal from the optical modulator. A method of optical communication includes generating on a first circuit board an optical signal directed at a second circuit board; modulating the optical signal with data at the second circuit board; reflecting the optical signal to the first circuit board; and demodulating the optical signal to receive the data at the first circuit board. | 02-05-2009 |
| 20100232738 | METHODS OF MANIPULATING OPTICAL ENERGY WITHIN A WAVEGUIDE - A micro-ring configured to selectively detect or modulate optical energy includes at least one annular optical cavity; at least two electrodes disposed about the optical cavity configured to generate an electrical field in the at least one optical cavity; and an optically active layer optically coupled to the at least one optical cavity. A method of manipulating optical energy within a waveguide includes optically coupling at least one annular optical cavity with the waveguide; and selectively controlling an electrical field in the at least one annular optical cavity to modulate optical energy from the waveguide. | 09-16-2010 |
| 20110006284 | PHOTONIC STRUCTURE - A photonic structure includes a plurality of annealed, substantially smooth-surfaced ellipsoids arranged in a matrix. Additionally, a method of producing a photonic structure is provided. The method includes providing a semiconductor material, providing an etch mask comprising a two-dimensional hole array, and disposing the etch mask on at least one surface of the semiconductor material. The semiconductor material is then etched through the hole array of the etch mask to produce holes in the semiconductor material and thereafter applying a passivation layer to surfaces of the holes. Additionally, the method includes repeating the etching and passivation-layer application to produce a photonic crystal structure that contains ellipsoids within the semiconductor material and annealing the photonic crystal structure to smooth the surfaces of the ellipsoids. | 01-13-2011 |
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| 20080317666 | Colonic Delivery of Active Agents - Drug delivery devices that are orally administered, and that release active ingredients in the colon, are disclosed. In one embodiment, the active ingredients are those that inactivate antibiotics, such as macrolides, quinolones and beta-lactam containing antibiotics. One example of a suitable active agent is an enzyme such as beta-lactamases. In another embodiment, the active agents are those that specifically treat colonic disorders, such as Chrohn's Disease, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, colorectal cancer or constipation. The drug delivery devices are in the form of beads of pectin, crosslinked with calcium and reticulated with polyethyleneimine. The high crosslink density of the polyethyleneimine is believed to stabilize the pectin beads for a sufficient amount of time such that a substantial amount of the active ingredients can be administered directly to the colon. Advantageously, the amount of polyethyleneimine is sufficient to allow a substantial portion of the pectin beads to pass through the gastrointestinal tract to the colon without releasing the active agent, and is also sufficient such that the pectin beads are sufficiently degraded in the colon to release an effective amount of the active agent. | 12-25-2008 |
| 20090047314 | MICROENCAPSULATION SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS OF SAME - The invention relates to microencapsulation systems which are characterised in that they are developed from oily substances or sugars and in that they form an essentially organised assembly corresponding to stacks of crystalline structures. The inventive systems can be used for the microencapsulation of one or more substances which are of interest, such as therapeutically-active substances, or which can be used in cosmetics. | 02-19-2009 |
| 20090162339 | GALENIC FORMULATION FOR COLON-TARGETED DELIVERY OF ACTIVE INGREDIENTS - The invention concerns multiparticulate galenic formulations for oral administration and designed for colon targeted delivery of active principles selected from the group comprising enzymes capable of inactivating macrolides and the like, enzymes capable of inactivating quinolones and β-lactamases. | 06-25-2009 |
| 20090324568 | Colonic Delivery of Adsorbents - Orally administrable, site-specific (colonic), particulate delivery systems including adsorbents are disclosed. When delivered specifically to the colon, they can remove various substances present in, or as they reach, the colon. Methods of treatment using the delivery systems, and methods of preparing the delivery systems, are also disclosed. The particulate delivery systems are based on adsorbent matrices encapsulated into and/or onto particles, which selectively deliver the adsorbents to the colon. Representative drug delivery devices include pectin beads, which can optionally be crosslinked with metal ions such as zinc and/or calcium. The delivery system protects the adsorbent and prevents its adsorbing effect in the upper gastro-intestinal (GI) tract. When the particles are made from pectin, and the beads are administered to the colon, specific pectinolytic enzymes in the colon degrade the pectin, allowing the adsorbent to be released and to be fully active. Antibiotics, toxins, and other absorbable substances present in the colon will then be inactivated by adsorption into or onto the adsorbent. | 12-31-2009 |
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| 20100183222 | System and method for edge-enhancement of digital images using wavelets - Systems, methods, and techniques are provided for performing any one or more of edge-preserving image sharpening, edge-preserving image smoothing, edge-preserving image dynamic range compression, and edge-aware data interpolation on digital images, wherein a pixel prediction module is adapted for coupling to a memory storing pixel data representative of a digital image and extracts from the image predicted pixel values using robust smoothing. The predicted pixels are stored in a memory and respective detail values equal to the difference between respective original and predicted values are computed. A pixel update module computes approximation values by averaging the respective detail values with original pixel values using robust smoothing, and stores the approximation values for subsequent rendering. The prediction and update modules run recursively and a manipulation module increases or decreases the detail values and the approximation values depending on their magnitude and depending on the kind of edge enhancement required. | 07-22-2010 |
| 20100259651 | METHOD, APPARATUS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR SINGLE IMAGE DE-HAZING - A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided for recovering a haze-free image given a single input image. The method may include receiving a single input image I, wherein the input image is made up of a plurality of pixels. A surface radiance vector J of the input image I may be modeled as a product of a surface albedo coefficient R and a shading factor l. The method may further include determining, for each of the plurality of pixels, a value of a transmission t of the pixel, such that a covariance C | 10-14-2010 |
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| 20090249155 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DECODING - Aspects of the disclosure can provide a method and an apparatus to decode a data stream based on multiple transmissions with efficient usages of storage and power resources. The method for decoding can include receiving a first plurality of encoded code blocks corresponding to a first transmission of a transport block, decoding the first plurality of encoded code blocks into decoded code blocks, error detecting the decoded code blocks, and storing a decoding history of the decoded code blocks. Further, the method can include receiving a second plurality of encoded code blocks corresponding to a retransmission of the transport block. The second plurality of encoded code blocks can map the first plurality of encoded code blocks, respectively. The method can selectively decode a subset of the second plurality of encoded code blocks based on the decoding history. In addition, the method can include storing soft bits for code blocks that failed decoding. The soft bits can be a combination of soft bits from multiple transmissions. The memory size for storing the soft bits can be reduced by dynamically freeing memory space associated with successfully decoded code blocks. | 10-01-2009 |
| 20110065443 | BLOCK ENCODING WITH A VARIABLE RATE BLOCK CODE - A control channel encoder includes a determiner to determine a current value of K for encoding control signals of a length M, wherein K is a function of a code rate for a data channel. A table generator generates first and second block encoding matrices, each of the first and second block encoding matrices having a variable length, from a fixed block encoding matrix by variably repeating rows from the fixed block encoding matrix to produce a repeated matrix of length K, puncturing the repeated matrix a first time to generate the first block encoding matrix, and puncturing the first block encoding matrix a second time to generate the second block encoding matrix. A block encoder utilizes the block encoding matrix to encode M input control bits as K encoded control bits. | 03-17-2011 |
| 20110177835 | MULTI-USER COMPRESSION SCHEMES - A method in a communication system, in which multiple transmitters transmit respective messages to a receiver over a communication channel, includes allocating respective resources of the communication channel to the messages so as to cause, for each message, a respective likelihood of interference between the message and at least one other message to depend on a respective impact of the interference on an overall performance measure defined for the communication system. The messages are transmitted from the transmitters over the communication channel using the allocated resources. | 07-21-2011 |
