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Estrada, US

Antonio Estrada, Nashua, NH US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090172073SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REPRESENTATION OF MULTIPLE RELATED OBJECTS WITHIN A WEB FEED - A method and computer program product for processing a data page to be provided to one or more remote devices via a data feed. A determination is made concerning whether the data page includes two or more data objects. If the data page includes two or more data objects, a page entry for the data page is defined; and a separate object entry for at least one of the two or more data objects included within the data page is defined. The object entry is associated with the page entry.07-02-2009
20090172074SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR READING A WEB FEED THAT REPRESENTS MULTIPLE RELATED OBJECTS - A method and computer program product for receiving, on a remote device, a data feed that includes a plurality of feed entries. The feed entries are processed to identify one or more page entries. The feed entries are processed to identify one or more object entries. At least a first and a second object entry, chosen from the one or more object entries, are associated with at least a first page entry chosen from the one or more page entries.07-02-2009

Calixto Estrada, Middletown, DE US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110048327FILM CASSETTE FOR GASEOUS VAPOR DEPOSITION - A cassette for supporting a film during a gaseous vapor deposition process includes a central shaft having first and second end plates. A rib on each end plate forms a spiral groove able to accept an edge of a film. Each rib has a cross sectional configuration having substantially linear major edges, a predetermined width dimension and a predetermined average thickness dimension, and a width-to-thickness aspect ratio of at least 2:1. The rib could be substantially rectangular with an optional flow spoiler at the free end or substantially wedge-shaped. The interspoke spacing between end plates is at least three hundred millimeters (300 mm) and is also greater than the width dimension of a film substrate at a gaseous deposition temperature. The width dimension of each rib is between about 0.5% to about 2.0% of the interspoke spacing.03-03-2011
20110048639APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR UNLOADING A FILM CASSETTE FOR GASEOUS VAPOR DEPOSITION - The present invention is an apparatus and method for unloading a film cassette for gaseous vapor deposition. A coated film is transferred from a film cassette and immediately laminated to a protective film while minimizing touching, creasing or cracking the coated film.03-03-2011
20110048991LOADED FILM CASSETTE FOR GASEOUS VAPOR DEPOSITION - A cassette for supporting a film during a gaseous vapor deposition has first and second end plates. A rib on each end plate forms a spiral groove that edgewise receives a spiral wrapping of a film having a width greater than 300 mm. Spaces between turns of the film wrapping define a gas flow channel and spaces between adjacent turns of the rib define a plurality of inlet openings in one end plate that communicate with the channel. Each rib has a predetermined width dimension, a predetermined average thickness dimension, and a width-to-thickness aspect ratio of at least 2:1. The spacing between end plates is at least three hundred millimeters (300 mm) and is also greater than the width dimension of a film substrate at a gaseous deposition temperature. The width dimension of each rib is between about 0.5% to about 2.0% of the end plate spacing.03-03-2011

Carlo Estrada, Sammamish, WA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090037558DIGITAL CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND METHODS - Systems and methods for locating network sites using a target digital object in a networked environment are presented. In operation, a request to locate network sites using the target digital object is received. In response to the request, identification information corresponding to the target digital object is obtained. Content of a plurality of network sites on a network is also obtained. For each network site of the obtained plurality of network sites, a determination is made as to whether a digital object on the network site matches the target digital object according to the identification information corresponding to the target digital object. A report indicating the network sites that include a digital object that matches the target digital object is then generated and returned in response to the request.02-05-2009

Colleen G. Estrada, Medina, WA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120105257Multimodal Input System - The subject disclosure relates to user input into a computer system, and a technology by which one or more users interact with a computer system via a combination of input modalities. When the input data of two or more input modalities are related, they are combined to interpret an intended meaning of the input. For example, speech when combined with one input gesture has one intended meaning, e.g., convert the speech to verbatim text for consumption by a program, while the exact speech when combined with a different input gesture has a different meaning, e.g., convert the speech to a command that controls the operation of that same program.05-03-2012
20120109868Real-Time Adaptive Output - The subject disclosure relates to a technology by which output data in the form of audio, visual, haptic, and/or other output is automatically selected and tailored by a system, including adapting in real time, to address one or more users' specific needs, context and implicit/explicit intent. State data and preference data are input into a real time adaptive output system that uses the data to select among output modalities, e.g., to change output mechanisms, add/remove output mechanisms, and/or change rendering characteristics. The output may be rendered on one or more output mechanisms to a single user or multiple users, including via a remote output mechanism.05-03-2012

David Estrada, Miami, FL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080303698Gaming keyboard and related methods - A gaming keyboard and related methods are disclosed that provide features to enhance the computer gaming experience. A keyboard connection pod is disclosed that improves power capabilities of the keyboard thereby allowing for enhanced features that require more power. A panic mechanism is disclosed that can be triggered to cause one or more selected keys to change states. Keycap rim-lighting is disclosed that provides improved visual indication of key positions. A hand registration enhancement is disclosed including a spacebar having a thumb notch and/or WASD and spacebar keys with different tactile response than other keys. Function keys are disclosed that are positioned proximate to allow reduced movement of the left hand. An integrated cord wrap tray is disclosed for a peripheral such as a mouse. Other features and variations are also disclosed.12-11-2008
20090244016INFORMATION HANDLING SYSTEM DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHODS THEREOF - An information handling system includes two touch screens. In one embodiment, one of the touch screens is incorporated in a base of the information handling system and the other is incorporated in a lid of the information handling system. An application can display different informational views in each touch screen, allowing a user to interact with the data in each screen independently.10-01-2009

Herbert Estrada, Annapolis, MD US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100154548Method and apparatus for detecting voids in a pipe - An apparatus for detecting and measuring gas voids in a pipe with a fluid includes a first ultrasonic transducer externally disposed on the pipe. The apparatus includes a second ultrasonic transducer externally disposed on the pipe. The apparatus includes a multiplexer, transmitter, receiver, controller and processor in communication with the first transducer and the second transducer which in combination identify a void in the pipe from ultrasonic measurements of properties of the fluid in the pipe. A method for detecting and measuring gas voids in a pipe with a fluid includes the steps of measuring properties of the fluid internal to the pipe with transmissions of ultrasonic energy from transducers externally disposed on the pipe. There is the step of identifying a void in the pipe from the properties of the fluid internal to the pipe using signals processed by processor.06-24-2010
20100242621Method and apparatus for the measurement of the mass fraction of water in oil-water mixtures - An apparatus for measuring the mass fractions of water and oil in a flowing mixture of oil and water through a pipe includes a sensor portion that measures sound velocity and temperature of the flowing oil water mixture at a first time and at a second time. The apparatus includes a temperature changer in thermal communication with the flowing fluid which changes the temperature of the flowing oil water mixture by a measurable amount between the first time and the second time. A method for measuring water mass fraction in a flowing mixture of oil and water through a pipe includes the steps of measuring sound velocity and temperature of the flowing oil water mixture at a first time with a sensor portion. There is the step of changing the temperature of the flowing oil water mixture by a measurable amount with a temperature changer in thermal communication with the flowing fluid. There is the step of measuring sound velocity and temperature of the flowing oil water mixture at a second time with the sensor portion.09-30-2010
20110005335Turbulence conditioner for transit time ultrasonic flow meters and method - An apparatus for determining fluid flow in a pipe includes an ultrasonic flowmeter which communicates with the interior of the pipe through at least one pair of apertures, where each aperture of the one pair of apertures has an effective diameter. The apparatus includes a turbulence conditioner disposed in the pipe having openings where the pitch between openings is a function of the effective diameter of the aperture. A turbulence conditioner for a pipe has openings and a pitch. The conditioner has walls between the openings whose thickness is a function of the pitch. The conditioner has a length which is a function of the pitch. A method for determining fluid flow in a pipe includes the steps of flowing fluid through a turbulence conditioner disposed in the pipe having openings where the pitch between openings, is made a function of an effective diameter of an aperture of an ultrasonic flowmeter which communicates with the interior of the pipe through the aperture. There is the step of measuring the flow with the meter. A method for producing a turbulence conditioner.01-13-2011
20110005336Apparatus and method for operation in the laminar, transition, and turbulent flow regimes - An apparatus for determining fluid flow in a pipe apparatus includes a fluid nozzle in contact with the pipe having a contour without negative pressure gradients along the nozzle's surface as fluid flows through the nozzle. The apparatus includes a transit time ultrasonic flow meter employing at least one acoustic path in communication with the fluid in the pipe and disposed downstream of the nozzle. An apparatus for determining fluid flow in a pipe. The apparatus includes a fluid nozzle in contact with the pipe having a contour defined by a compound cubic. The present invention includes a transit time ultrasonic flow meter employing at least one acoustic path in communication with the fluid in the pipe and disposed downstream of the nozzle. A fluid nozzle for a pipe. A method for determining fluid flow in a pipe.01-13-2011
20110023621SMOOTH BORE, CHORDAL TRANSIT-TIME ULTRASONIC METER AND METHOD - An apparatus for analyzing fluid flow in a pipe includes an ultrasonic flowmeter having a plurality of transducers. The apparatus includes a flow element having a completely smooth bore through which the fluid flows, and a plurality of cavities, each of the cavities has one of the plurality of transducers disposed in it and which is in communication with the fluid flowing through the bore. An apparatus for analyzing fluid flow in a pipe includes an ultrasonic flowmeter having a plurality of transducers. The apparatus includes a flow element having a bore with an internal diameter and a surface through which fluid flows, a plurality of cavities each of which has an opening in the surface. Each of the cavities has one of the plurality of transducers disposed in it.02-03-2011
20110246099Method and apparatus for the measurement of the mass fraction of water in oil-water mixtures - An apparatus for measuring the mass fractions of water and oil in a flowing mixture of oil and water through a pipe includes a sensor portion that measures sound velocity and temperature of the flowing oil water mixture at a first time and at a second time. The apparatus includes a temperature changer in thermal communication with the flowing fluid which changes the temperature of the flowing oil water mixture by a measurable amount between the first time and the second time. A method for measuring water mass fraction in a flowing mixture of oil and water through a pipe includes the steps of measuring sound velocity and temperature of the flowing oil water mixture at a first time with a sensor portion. There is the step of changing the temperature of the flowing oil water mixture by a measurable amount with a temperature changer in thermal communication with the flowing fluid. There is the step of measuring sound velocity and temperature of the flowing oil water mixture at a second time with the sensor portion.10-06-2011

Patent applications by Herbert Estrada, Annapolis, MD US

Horacio V. Estrada, Charlotte, NC US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100097059MEMS 2D AND 3D MAGNETIC FIELD SENSORS AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING METHOD - The disclosure provides Hall effect device configurations capable of measuring magnetic fields in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D) along with associated microelectromechanical system (MEMS) manufacturing methods. The present invention includes various geometric layout configurations for 2D and 3D Hall effect devices with multidimensional magnetic field sensing elements. Advantageously, the present invention can provide, simultaneously and independently, absolute measurement of each of the components (i.e., x-, y-, and z-components) of a magnetic field. Additionally, the geometric layout configurations enable the Hall effect devices to be constructed with MEMS fabrication techniques.04-22-2010

Hugo Alexander Estrada, Leander, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090119414Method and System Using ARP Cache Data to Enhance Accuracy of Asset Inventories - A technique for improving accuracy in an inventory containing assets associated with a network. Information pertaining to computer devices connected to a specified network is updated. Each device sends packets through at least one router in a set of routers, and each packet contains an element uniquely identifying its sending computer device. An inventory is maintained that identifies at least some of the computer devices as assets of an entity associated with the network. Data is acquired from ARP caches that are located within the routers. The acquired cache data is processed to detect all of the identifying elements that identify computer devices of the group. A database is constructed from information in the cache data that pertains to detected identifying elements. Information contained in the database is compared with information contained in the inventory to update the inventory.05-07-2009

Julio Estrada, Redmond, WA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090132326INTEGRATING ADS WITH MEDIA - The claimed subject matter relates to an architecture that can utilize special metadata to facilitate an improved advertising model in connection with media content delivery. The architecture can monitor a media player device and can launch a metadata interface on the media player device upon detection that a pause feature has been activated. Accordingly, while the media player device is paused (and therefore not presenting the media in a normal fashion), a user can interact with the metadata interface. The metadata interface can provide, e.g., advertisements or additional information related to elements or objects that exist in the media. In addition, the metadata interface can launch suitable applications in accordance with the special metadata. Additionally, the architecture can embed metadata in the media, which can be done in accordance with an advertiser bidding model.05-21-2009

Kelvin R. Estrada, Gaffney, SC US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090320489METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR INCREASING MODIFIED WOBBE INDEX CONTROL RANGE - A system and method for controlling the temperature of a fuel gas. The system and method includes mixing an intermediate pressure feedwater stream from the heat recovery steam generator with a high pressure feedwater stream from the heat recovery steam generator, then using that mixture to heat the fuel gas mixture. The system and method may provide for improved control over the Modified Wobbe Index of the fuel gas, which may allow for greater variation in the composition of the fuel gas.12-31-2009
20110023974Water Injection Manifold Pressure Relief Vent - A water injection system positioned about a combustor of a gas turbine engine. The water injection system may include a water manifold and a pressure relief system in communication with the water manifold. The pressure relief system may include a relief vent positioned on a pressure relief line.02-03-2011
20110041504METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR INCREASING MODIFIED WOBBE INDEX CONTROL RANGE - A system and method for controlling the temperature of a fuel gas. The system and method includes mixing an intermediate pressure feedwater stream from the heat recovery steam generator with a high pressure feedwater stream from the heat recovery steam generator, then using that mixture to heat the fuel gas mixture. The system and method may provide for improved control over the Modified Wobbe Index of the fuel gas, which may allow for greater variation in the composition of the fuel gas.02-24-2011

Patent applications by Kelvin R. Estrada, Gaffney, SC US

Kelvin R. Estrada, Norcross, GA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100236240Systems and Methods for Pre-Warming a Heat Recovery Steam Generator and Associated Steam Lines - Embodiments of the invention can provide systems and methods for pre-warming a heat recovery steam generator and associated steam lines. According to one embodiment, a method for pre-warming a heat recovery steam generator can be provided. The method can include providing heating steam from a steam source. The heating steam is directed from the steam source to a superheater so that at least a portion of the superheater can be warmed. Once exiting the superheater, the heating steam can be further directed from the superheater to at least one bypass line and maintained in the bypass line until the bypass line attains a predefined temperature or pressure. Furthermore, the method can include directing, after the bypass line attains a predefined temperature or pressure, at least a portion of the heating steam from the bypass line to a reheater so that the reheater can be warmed.09-23-2010

Kelvin Rafael Estrada, Gaffney, SC US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090158738METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR STARTING UP COMBINED CYCLE POWER SYSTEM - Methods and apparatus for fast starting and loading a combined cycle power system are described. In one example embodiment, a method for starting a combined cycle power generation system is provided. The system includes a gas turbine and a steam turbine. The method includes loading the gas turbine at a loading rate that is facilitated to be at an increased loading rate, setting a first predetermined value for a bypass pressure set point for high-pressure steam, and increasing the first predetermined value to a second predetermined value at a predetermined rate.06-25-2009

Kelvin Rafael Estrada, Norcross, GA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100229524LOW HEATING VALUE FUEL GAS BLENDING CONTROL - A method includes blending a first fuel with a second fuel in a ratio to produce a third mixed fuel. The first fuel has a first heating value, the second fuel has a second heating value, and the third mixed fuel has a third heating value. In addition, the first heating value is different than the second heating value. The method also includes feedforward controlling the third heating value of the third mixed fuel via prediction and correction of a fuel flow rate of the first and/or second fuels to adjust the ratio of the first and second fuels based at least in part on a comparison between a measurement and a target for the third heating value.09-16-2010
20100242430COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT INCLUDING A HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR - A combined cycle power plant includes a gas turbomachine, a steam turbomachine operatively coupled to the gas turbomachine, and a heat recovery steam generator operatively coupled to the gas turbomachine and the steam turbomachine. The heat recovery steam generator includes a high pressure reheat section provided with at least one high pressure superheater and at least one reheater. The combined cycle power plant further includes a controller operatively connected to the gas turbomachine, the steam turbomachine and the heat recovery steam generator. The controller is selectively activated to initiate a flow of steam through the heat recovery steam generator following shutdown of the gas turbomachine to lower a temperature of at least one of the high pressure superheater and the at least one reheater and reduce development of condensate quench effects during HRSG purge of a combined cycle power plant shutdown.09-30-2010
20120036828Combined Cycle Power Plant Including a Heat Recovery Steam Generator - A combined cycle power plant includes a gas turbomachine, a steam turbomachine operatively coupled to the gas turbomachine, and a heat recovery steam generator operatively coupled to the gas turbomachine and the steam turbomachine. The heat recovery steam generator includes a high pressure reheat section provided with at least one high pressure superheater and at least one reheater. The combined cycle power plant further includes a controller operatively connected to the gas turbomachine, the steam turbomachine and the heat recovery steam generator. The controller is selectively activated to initiate a flow of steam through the heat recovery steam generator following shutdown of the gas turbomachine to lower a temperature of at least one of the high pressure superheater and the at least one reheater and reduce development of condensate quench effects during HRSG purge of a combined cycle power plant shutdown.02-16-2012

Leonard P. Estrada, Issaquah, WA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090079998METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE WIDTH OF COMPOSITE TAPE - Apparatus is provided for slitting composite material into tape and for measuring the width of the slit tape as the tape is being reeled onto take up rolls. The tape width is measured by an optical micrometer. The optical micrometer includes a transmitter for directing radiant energy over the tape and, a receiver for receiving radiant energy from the transmitter that passes across an edge of the tape and for producing a signal related to the width of the tape.03-26-2009

Miguel A. Estrada, Hollis, NH US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080235598SEQUENTIAL RESTRUCTURING OF A COLLABORATIVE CONTEXT - The present invention is a method, system and apparatus for dynamically restructuring a named collaborative context. In a system for dynamically restructuring a named collaborative context, a named collaborative space having a composition of collaborators, roles, tools and resources can be coupled to a workflow engine. The workflow engine can be configured to process workflow templates. Restructuring logic further can be included in the system and can be programmed to rearrange the named collaborative space with a different composition responsive to a workflow step change specified by a workflow template for the named collaborative space and processed in the workflow engine. Notably, a portal view can be configured to provide a user interface to the named collaborative space. In this regard, the tools can include logical components embodied in a portlet disposed in the portal view.09-25-2008
20080301245System and method for sharing data - A method and computer program product for defining an activity. One or more members of the activity are defined. At least one piece of content is associated with the activity, thus defining at least one associated piece of content that is accessible by at least a portion of the members of the activity. Associating at least one piece of content with the activity includes determining if the at least one piece of content is from a private source.12-04-2008
20090037532RESPONSIVENESS RANKING FOR COLLABORATORS IN A COLLABORATIVE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT - Embodiments of the present invention address deficiencies of the art in respect to collaborative messaging and provide a method, system and computer program product for responsiveness ranking for message recipients in a collaborative computing environment. In one embodiment of the invention, a method for responsiveness ranking of message recipients in a collaborative computing environment can be provided. The method can include computing a message response time for a particular message, a particular message recipient and a particular message type. The method further can include combining the computed message response time for the particular message, the particular message recipient and the particular message type with previously computed message response times for previously received messages for the particular message recipient and the particular message type. Finally, the method can include presenting different response times for different message types for a selected user based upon the combined computed message response times.02-05-2009
20090171898SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LEVERAGING TAG CONTEXT - A method and computer program product for leveraging the creation context of a tag includes creating one or more tags, each of the one or more tags associated with a respective piece of content. A creation context is associated with each of the one or more tags. The one or more tags are searched based upon, at least in part, the creation context.07-02-2009
20100017483MULTI-TOPIC INSTANT MESSAGING CHAT SESSION - The invention provides a method, system, and program product for establishing a multi-topic instant messaging (IM) chat session. In one embodiment, the invention includes sending a first message to at least one participant or receiving a first message from at least one participant; receiving a second message from at least one participant or sending a second message to at least one participant; determining whether the first and second messages pertain to different topics; and in the case that the first and second messages pertain to different topics, splitting the IM chat session into multiple parts based on the different topics.01-21-2010

Patent applications by Miguel A. Estrada, Hollis, NH US

Richard Estrada, Brandon, FL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100330956Real-Time Replenishment with Electronic Confirmation for Sale of Prepaid Long Distance - A method and system of providing an electronic receipt, such as a SMS text message, to a consumer responsive to a purchase of long distance calling minutes, real-time replenishment of the customer's account, and seamless, pin-less use of the purchased long-distance from the user's chosen phone(s).12-30-2010

Richard F. Estrada, Newton, MA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090125225VEHICLE ROUTING AND PATH PLANNING - A method of determining a path having an ordered set of waypoints to be visited by a mobile agent to accomplish a mission includes: producing candidate paths using a multi-objective optimization algorithm, subject to a path production heuristic; selecting a path from the candidate paths, subject to a path selection heuristic; instructing the mobile agent to move according to the selected path; modifying a maintained subset of the candidate paths to produce a new candidate path using the algorithm and subject to the path production heuristic; designating either the currently-selected path or the new candidate path as the newly-selected path, subject to the path selection heuristic; and instructing the mobile agent to move according to the newly-selected path. The method may further include iterating production of new candidate paths, either randomly or based on modifications of previous candidate paths, to continually update an operation plan for the mobile agent.05-14-2009

Rosendo Estrada, Louisville, KY US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120034695TISSUE/CELL CULTURING SYSTEM AND RELATED METHODS - A system for culturing cells and/or tissue includes a tissue/cell culture chamber including a tissue/cell culture membrane, at least one collapsible valve fluidly coupled with the tissue/cell culture chamber, a pump fluidly coupled with the tissue/cell culture chamber, and a flow loop including the pump, chamber, and collapsible valve fluidly coupled together.02-09-2012

Steven T. Estrada, Lincoln, AL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110243682CARGO HOLD-DOWN DEVICE FOR A LOAD-CARRYING BED OF A VEHICLE - A cargo hold-down device for securing cargo within a load-carrying bed of a vehicle comprises an engagement device and a retaining device. The engagement device has a proximal end portion and a distal end portion for engaging cargo located within the load-carrying bed. The retaining device movably mounts the proximal end portion of the engagement device to the load-carrying bed and selectively holds the distal end portion of the engagement device tightly against the cargo in a secured position.10-06-2011

Tono Estrada US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110021628CRYSTALLINE FORM OF y-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID ANALOG - A crystalline form of a γ-aminobutyric acid analog, and methods of preparing same, are provided.01-27-2011

Valentine Labrado Estrada, El Paso, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100270806VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE - A vertical axis wind turbine apparatus can be implemented as a support structure, atop which is located a rotatable domed housing for a blade assembly. The blade assembly includes curved blades vertically attached to a drive shaft which can either turn a magnetic rotor or be attached directly to a generator in order to produce electricity. The blade assembly receives wind through both a main inlet and a secondary inlet and expels wind through an exhaust duct. The device can be constructed from carbon fiber to prevent damage from lightning. The device is also constructed with the appearance of a tree where the support structure resembles a tree trunk and panels resembling palm fronds or branches can be attached to the domed housing. The design creates an efficient and aesthetically pleasing wind turbine that can be utilized in both residential and commercial applications.10-28-2010

Zulma Y. Estrada, Avondale, AZ US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120019043RESTRAINT HARNESSES AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF USE AND MANUFACTURE - Various embodiments of restraint harnesses for use in land, air, and sea vehicles are described herein. In one embodiment, for example, a restraint harness can include a first shoulder web, a second shoulder web, and a torso web. A first end portion of the torso web can include a buckle that is configured to engage a connector at a second, opposite end portion of the torso web. The restraint harness can further include first and second portions of a stiffening material attached to first and second portions of the first and second shoulder webs, respectively. The stiffening material can form the first and second shoulder webs into preformed openings with inverted U-like shapes.01-26-2012