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David Martin

David Martin, Fort Collins, CO US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100272310MICROCAP ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER DEVICE - A device includes a first wafer, a second wafer, a gasket bonding the first wafer to the second wafer to define a cavity between the first wafer and the second wafer, and an acoustic transducer disposed on the first wafer and disposed within the cavity between the first wafer and the second wafer. One or more apertures are provided for communicating an acoustic signal between the acoustic transducer and an exterior of the device. An aperture may be formed in the cavity itself, or the cavity may be hermetically sealed. An aperture may be formed completely through the first wafer and located directly beneath at least a portion of the acoustic transducer.10-28-2010
20100278368MICROMACHINED HORN - An acoustic device includes a transducer formed on a first surface of a substrate and an acoustic horn formed in the substrate by a dry-etching process through an opposing second surface of the substrate. The acoustic horn is positioned to amplify sound waves from the transducer and defines a non-linear cross-sectional profile.11-04-2010
20100327702TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF MICROMACHINED TRANSDUCERS - A micromachined structure, comprises a substrate and a cavity in the substrate. The micromachined structure comprises a membrane layer disposed over the substrate and spanning the cavity.12-30-2010
20110088234TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF MICROMACHINED TRANSDUCERS - A micromachined structure, comprises a substrate and a cavity in the substrate. The micromachined structure comprises a membrane layer disposed over the substrate and spanning the cavity.04-21-2011
20110120971MICROMACHINED TRANSDUCERS AND METHOD OF FABRICATION - In accordance with an illustrative embodiment, a method of fabricating a transducer is described. The method comprises providing a transducer over a first surface of a substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a thickness. The method further comprises patterning a mask over a second surface. The mask comprises an opening for forming a scribe etch. The method comprises etching through the opening in the mask and into but not through the thickness of the substrate to provide the scribe etch.05-26-2011
20110198970ENCAPSULATED ACTIVE TRANSDUCER AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME - A micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) ultrasonic transducer device includes a substrate defining an opening and an active transducer having multiple of active layers stacked over the opening of the substrate. The active transducer is completely encapsulated by multiple passivation layers.08-18-2011
20110203378INTEGRATED OPTICAL AND ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER DEVICE - An integrated transducer device includes an optical transducer and an acoustic transducer integrally joined with the optical transducer. The acoustic transducer includes a membrane responsive to acoustic signals, the membrane being aligned with the optical transducer such that optical signals emitted or received by the optical transducer pass through the membrane. A propagation direction of the acoustic signals emitted or received by the acoustic transducer is collinear with a propagation direction of the optical signals emitted or received by the optical transducer.08-25-2011
20110291207TRANSDUCER DEVICES HAVING DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES BASED ON LAYER THICKNESSES AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME - A transducer array on a common substrate includes a membrane and first and second transducer devices. The membrane is formed on the common substrate, and includes a lower layer and an upper layer. The first transducer device includes a first resonator stack formed on at least the lower layer in a first portion of the membrane, the upper layer having a first thickness in the first portion of the membrane. The second transducer device includes a second resonator stack formed on at least the lower layer in a second portion of the membrane, the upper layer having a second thickness in the second portion of the membrane, where the second thickness is different from the first thickness, such that a first resonant frequency of the first transducer device is different from a second resonant frequency of the second transducer device.12-01-2011
20120025335MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) PACKAGE - A micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) transducer device comprises: a package substrate having a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE); and a transducer substrate comprising a transducer. The transducer substrate is disposed over the package substrate. The transducer substrate has a second CTE that substantially matches the first CTE.02-02-2012
20120025337MEMS TRANSDUCER DEVICE HAVING STRESS MITIGATION STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME - A micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) transducer device mounted to a package substrate includes an active transducer having a resonator stack formed over a cavity through a transducer substrate, and a stress mitigation structure between the transducer substrate and the package substrate. The stress mitigation structure reduces stress induced on the transducer substrate due to mismatched coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the transducer substrate and the package substrate, respectively.02-02-2012
20120098625ELECTROSTATIC BONDING OF A DIE SUBSTRATE TO A PACKAGE SUBSTRATE - A transducer apparatus comprises a package substrate and a transducer disposed over a die substrate. The die substrate is disposed over the package substrate. The transducer apparatus also comprises a voltage source connected between the die substrate and the package substrate, and configured to selectively apply an electrostatic attractive force between the die substrate and the package substrate.04-26-2012
20120269372MICROMACHINED HORN - An acoustic device includes a transducer formed on a first surface of a substrate and an acoustic horn formed in the substrate by a dry-etching process through an opposing second surface of the substrate. The acoustic horn is positioned to amplify sound waves from the transducer and defines a non-linear cross-sectional profile.10-25-2012

Patent applications by David Martin, Fort Collins, CO US

David Martin, Calgary CA

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110087973DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE USERS AND WORKSPACES - A distributed system for managing users and workspaces comprises a network cloud comprising at least one server configured to store and run at least one application and at least one meeting appliance configured to communicate with the network cloud, to run the at least one application on the network cloud, and to display output of the at least application on the meeting appliance.04-14-2011
20110241985METHOD OF DISPLAYING APPLICATIONS IN A MULTI-MONITOR COMPUTER SYSTEM AND MULTI-MONITOR COMPUTER SYSTEM EMPLOYING THE METHOD - A multi-monitor computer system includes a plurality of display devices communicating with at least one computing device executing an application management procedure. The application management procedure enables an application window available on one display device to be moved entirely to another display device by selecting the other display device from a dialog box displayed in response to a pointer-dragging input gesture on the application window.10-06-2011
20120319972INTERACTIVE INPUT SYSTEM AND METHOD - An interactive input system comprises an interactive surface; at least one proximity sensor in proximity with the interactive surface and generating output signifying user proximity to the interactive surface; and processing structure configured to process user input generated in response to user interaction with said interaction input system and output from the at least one proximity sensor, said processing structure controlling interactive input system operation based upon at least one of said user input and proximity sensor output.12-20-2012
20130055143METHOD FOR MANIPULATING A GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE AND INTERACTIVE INPUT SYSTEM EMPLOYING THE SAME - A method comprises capturing at least one image of a three-dimensional (3D) space disposed in front of a display surface and processing the captured at least one image to detect a pointing gesture made by a user within the three-dimensional (3D) space and the position on the display surface to which the pointing gesture is aimed.02-28-2013

Patent applications by David Martin, Calgary CA

David Martin, Milford, OH US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090171375CONTROLLING PRESSURE IN ADJUSTABLE RESTRICTION DEVICES - Methods and devices are provided for regulating a hydraulic restriction system including a restriction device. In general, the methods and devices can allow for non-invasive, transient pressure control. The methods and devices can also, in some embodiments, mechanically regulate pressure of the restriction device without using any electrical components that may need to be powered to operate over extended periods of time.07-02-2009
20100106166METHODS AND DEVICES FOR APPLYING MULITPLE SUTURE ANCHORS - Methods and devices are provided for deploying and applying multiple suture anchors. In one embodiment, a surgical device is provided having a shaft configured to be introduced into a body, e.g., through a scoping device, and to deliver a plurality of suture anchors, each having a suture attached thereto, into tissue, preferably without the need to remove the shaft from the body. The shaft can be configured to penetrate tissue and to deploy one or more of the suture anchors through the tissue such that the sutures extending from the deployed suture anchors extend through the tissue to allow the anchors to engage the tissue. The surgical device can also include a knotting mechanism configured to secure the sutures attached to the deployed anchors, thereby securing the anchors to the tissue.04-29-2010
20100228092SURGICAL ACCESS DEVICES AND METHODS PROVIDING SEAL MOVEMENT IN PREDEFINED PATHS - Various methods and devices are provided for allowing multiple surgical instruments to be inserted into sealing elements of a single surgical access device. The sealing elements can be movable along predefined pathways within the device to allow surgical instruments inserted through the sealing elements to be moved laterally, rotationally, angularly, and vertically relative to a central longitudinal axis of the device for ease of manipulation within a patient's body while maintaining insufflation.09-09-2010

David Martin, Dearborn, MI US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080217829Universal locking mechanism for a clamp - A manual locking clamp is disclosed. The manual locking clamp includes a base and a handle pivotally connected to the base. The manual locking clamp also includes a locking lever connected to the handle. The locking lever including a first locking orifice and a second locking orifice along with a fulcrum orifice and a pivot orifice. The locking lever is capable of being used on any known manual clamp, including pull action clamps, hold down action clamps, straight line action clamps, and any other known manual action clamps.09-11-2008
20100181710Pull Action Clamp with Toggle Lock - A clamp used for clamping a work piece to a fixture. The clamp includes a base for mounting to the fixture and a handle having a body portion and an arm portion. The handle includes a pivotal connection to the base. The clamp further includes a holding member and a latch. The holding member has a holding position for clamping the work piece to the fixture and a pivotal connection to the handle. The latch includes a first end portion and a second end portion. The first end portion is engaged with the base for locking the holding member in the holding position and becomes disengaged from the base by moving the second end portion in a direction generally away from the arm portion of the handle. The latch has a pivotal connection to the handle.07-22-2010
20110175270Clamping Device With Removable Handles - A clamping device has a removable handle to move a clamp between an opened and clamped position. A receiving member is on the clamp to receive the handle. The handle has a latching member to couple with the receiving member. An actuating member is coupled with the handle to move the clamp from an opened to clamped position. A release mechanism is coupled with the clamp or handle to move the clamp from a clamped to an opened position.07-21-2011
20120263518Clamping Apparatus - A clamping apparatus has a shaft (10-18-2012

Patent applications by David Martin, Dearborn, MI US

David Martin, La Ciotat FR

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100011223METHOD FOR MAKING SMART CARDS CAPABLE OF OPERATING WITH AND WITHOUT CONTACT - The invention concerns a method for making smart cards capable of operating with or without contact called mixed cards and contactless smart cards. In order to avoid the risk of deteriorating the antenna the method consists in producing an antenna comprising at least two turns, on a support sheet, said antenna having its turns located outside the connecting pads, and in providing an insulating bridge so as to connect each of the antenna ends to a connection pad respectively. 01-14-2010
20100133347METHOD FOR MAKING SMART CARDS CAPABLE OF OPERATING WITH AND WITHOUT CONTACT - The invention concerns a method for making smart cards capable of operating with or without contact called mixed cards and contactless smart cards. In order to avoid the risk of deteriorating the antenna the method consists in producing an antenna comprising at least two turns, on a support sheet, said antenna having its turns located outside the connecting pads, and in providing an insulating bridge so as to connect each of the antenna ends to a connection pad respectively. 06-03-2010

David Martin, Stittsville CA

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100135291IN-BAND SIGNALLING FOR POINT-POINT PACKET PROTECTION SWITCHING - A method of controlling traffic forwarding in a Provider Backbone-Traffic Engineered (PBB-TE) network. A protection group (PG) is defined, and including N working Traffic Engineered Service Instances (TESIs) and M protection TESIs. An Automatic Protection Switching Protocol Data Unit (APS PDU) is defined, which includes information defining at least a state of the protection group. This APS PDU is forwarded only through the protection TESI(s).06-03-2010

David Martin, Chantilly, VA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090319683Scalable address resolution in a communications environment - A generic address resolution system facilitates communications among multiple network applications with heterogeneous addressing mechanisms, thereby allowing the network applications to interoperate with each other and/or with modules for providing enhanced functionalities. The address resolution system includes a resource mapping module that modularizes the components needed for address resolution and abstracts content from the underlying address types and content used by the network applications. The address resolution system includes a context engine that analyzes the addressing data to be resolved, selects one or more appropriate destination network applications based on contextual rules, and creates the application mapping template for the end-end routing of the communications among the network applications.12-24-2009

Patent applications by David Martin, Chantilly, VA US

David Martin, Grenoble FR

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090310152PRINT MEDIATOR - A print mediator includes an interface module which serves as an interface for a document to be submitted for printing. The interface module communicates with an associated printing infrastructure for acquiring color rendering information for a print queue of the printing infrastructure. A reviewing application receives the acquired color rendering information and generates a visual representation of a document to be submitted for printing based thereon. Problems relating to color rendering by the printing infrastructure are detected and proposals for correction are presented to the submitter by the reviewing application. The user can review the proposals and accept or reject them as well as making annotations on the document. An analogous reviewing application is accessed by the print shop operator to review the document and submitter's annotations.12-17-2009

David Martin, Nashua, NH US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090021438PORTABLE ANTENNA POSITIONER APPARATUS AND METHOD - A low power, lightweight, collapsible and rugged antenna positioner for use in communicating with geostationary, geosynchronous and low earth orbit satellite. By collapsing, invention may be easily carried or shipped in a compact container. May be used in remote locations with simple or automated setup and orientation. Azimuth is adjusted by rotating an antenna in relation to a positioner base and elevation is adjusted by rotating an elevation motor coupled with the antenna. Manual orientation of antenna for linear polarized satellites yields lower weight and power usage. Updates ephemeris or TLE data via satellite. Algorithms used for search including Clarke Belt fallback, transponder/beacon searching switch, azimuth priority searching and tracking including uneven re-peak scheduling yield lower power usage. Orientation aid via user interface allows for smaller azimuth motor, simplifies wiring and lowers weight. Tilt compensation, bump detection and failure contingency provide robustness.01-22-2009
20110169696PORTABLE ANTENNA POSITIONER APPARATUS AND METHOD - A low power, lightweight, collapsible and rugged antenna positioner for use in communicating with geostationary, geosynchronous and low earth orbit satellite. By collapsing, invention may be easily carried or shipped in a compact container. May be used in remote locations with simple or automated setup and orientation. Azimuth is adjusted by rotating an antenna in relation to a positioner base and elevation is adjusted by rotating an elevation motor coupled with the antenna. Manual orientation of antenna for linear polarized satellites yields lower weight and power usage. Updates ephemeris or TLE data via satellite. Algorithms used for search including Clarke Belt fallback, transponder/beacon searching switch, azimuth priority searching and tracking including uneven re-peak scheduling yield lower power usage. Orientation aid via user interface allows for smaller azimuth motor, simplifies wiring and lowers weight. Tilt compensation, bump detection and failure contingency provide robustness.07-14-2011

Patent applications by David Martin, Nashua, NH US

David Martin, Camarillo, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090018135Methods of treating bowel disorders - The present invention relates to methods for treating or preventing bowel disorders using calcimimetics.01-15-2009

Patent applications by David Martin, Camarillo, CA US

David Martin, Concord, NC US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080223561Heat Exchangers and Headers Therefor - In a first aspect of the present invention, a header for a heat exchanger is disclosed that has an inflow side, an outflow side, a bypass port therebetween, and a pressure-sensitive flapper valve proximal the bypass port. As pressure increases at the inflow side of the header, the flapper valve opens proportionally, and, as pressure decreases at the inflow side, the flapper valve closes proportionally. In a second aspect of the present invention, a tube-in-tube heat exchanger is disclosed that includes a helical tube-in-tube assembly adapted for flow therethrough of a plurality of fluids for heat transfer therebetween. In a third aspect of the present invention, a heat system is provided to include an embodiment of the header and an embodiment of the tube-in-tube heat exchanger, so as to provide a bypass of the tube-in-tube heat exchanger under a pressure condition.09-18-2008
20080264617Heat exchanger - Disclosed herein is a heat exchanger for altering the temperature of water from a fluid circulation line of a recreational body of water. The heat exchanger includes a helical tube-in-tube assembly adapted for flow therethrough of a plurality of fluids for heat transfer therebetween, and the heat exchanger further includes a tank defining a chamber in which said helical tube-in-tube assembly is positioned. In an exemplary embodiment, the chamber is an annular chamber, and the tank includes a cylindrical wall defining an external cavity extending through said tank.10-30-2008

David Martin, San Francisco, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110144102CALCIMIMETIC COMPOUND FOR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF EPITHELIAL INJURY - This invention relates generally to the field of medicine and, more specifically, to methods for treating epithelial injury, in particular, due to ischemia, hypoxia, trauma, chemolytics or radiation exposure.06-16-2011
20120232158METHODS OF TREATING HYPERACIDIC DISORDERS - The present invention relates to methods for treating or preventing hyperacidic disorders such as GERD or NERD using calcium receptor active compounds.09-13-2012
20120238621Oligomer-Calcimimetic Conjugates and Related Compounds - The invention relates to (among other things) oligomer-calcimimetic conjugates and related compounds. A conjugate of the invention, when administered by any of a number of administration routes, exhibits advantages over previously administered compounds.09-20-2012

David Martin, Potomac, MD US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110229322Wind Turbine Blade System with Air Passageway - In this presentation, we study various aspects of the wind turbines or wind mills. We optimize the performances of both a single wind turbine and a wind farm, collectively. We study the nozzles on the blades and all the variations and accessories for the operation of a nozzle. We also explore flow patterns around the blades, the mechanisms to get air or other gasses to the blades, the couplers for the electrical connections and the gas connections, and the gaps, holes, channels, conduits, or openings on the body or structure of a tower. We also present various mathematical models and formulations for optimizations.09-22-2011
20120255706Heat Exchange Using Underground Water System - In this disclosure, we have the following examples and teachings: A geothermal heating and or cooling system is introduced here which is deriving cooled or heated liquid via existing infrastructure of water pipe system in use for the houses and buildings, e.g. from the city water system or pipe network, or from the well water (or lake or river or sea or ocean or the like), piped or channeled to the buildings, through pipes or conduits or channels or closed enclosures. The system derives cooled liquid from existing underground infrastructure, including or for example, below-ground water pipes. The system gains a temperature advantage from the geothermal ground temperature, which remains roughly constant throughout the year in most regions. The system uses (e.g.) a storage tank to contain a working fluid and store thermal energy. In one example, multiple chambers and/or tanks are used for water heaters or coolers, with different connection and flow mechanisms. Other examples and designs are also discussed and shown here.10-11-2012

David Martin, Londonderry, NH US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120068899COMPACT PORTABLE ANTENNA POSITIONER SYSTEM AND METHOD - A low power, lightweight, collapsible and rugged antenna positioner for use in communicating with geostationary, geosynchronous and low earth orbit satellite. By collapsing, invention may be easily carried or shipped in a compact container. May be used in remote locations with simple or automated setup and orientation. Azimuth is adjusted by rotating an antenna in relation to a positioner base and elevation is adjusted by rotating an elevation motor coupled with the antenna. Manual orientation of antenna for linear polarized satellites yields lower weight and power usage. Updates ephemeris or TLE data via satellite. Algorithms used for search including Clarke Belt fallback, transponder/beacon searching switch, azimuth priority searching and tracking including uneven re-peak scheduling yield lower power usage. Orientation aid via user interface allows for smaller azimuth motor, simplifies wiring and lowers weight. Tilt compensation, bump detection and failure contingency provide robustness.03-22-2012
20130020874PORTABLE SOLAR POWER AND BATTERY CHARGER SYSTEM - A portable solar power and battery charger system configured to provide power to accessories and recharge batteries for example concurrently, with automatic switch over to batteries in a prioritized manner from multiple input sources, for example in the case of loss of sunlight and for example with the capability of orienting and aligning a solar panel regardless of available sunlight at setup time.01-24-2013

David Martin, Natick, MA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120242695Augmented Reality System for Public and Private Seminars - Described are computer implemented augmented reality techniques for public and private seminars that includes receive an indication of a start of a segment of a live presentation, the live presentation comprising at least one segment, with the at least one segment having at least one presentation component; receive information related to a plurality of users, receive rules to analyze the information and select from the information, private information pertaining to a particular user, with the selected information being relevant to the at least one presentation component of the at least one segment of the live presentation, generate an image that when rendered on a display device renders the private information pertaining to the particular user for that presentation component, and send the image of the private information to a device associated with the particular user.09-27-2012
20120242696Augmented Reality In A Virtual Tour Through A Financial Portfolio - Disclosed are techniques for providing a presentation as a virtual tour through a user's portfolio based on receiving signals that correspond to user movements in the physical world and processing the signals to select generated images associated with the user's movements to generate an image that when rendered on a display device renders a visual representation of the portfolio in a virtual world.09-27-2012
20120243848Augmented Reality System for Re-Casting A Seminar with Private Calculations - Computer-implemented techniques for viewing a recorded presentation are described. The techniques include receiving by one or more computers a request from a user to view a recorded presentation, retrieving, by one or more computing systems, a segment of the recorded presentation that is comprised of plural segments and information specifying times of occurrences of trigger events associated with corresponding segments in the recorded presentation, retrieving by the one or more computers private information of the user relevant to a first segment of the recorded presentation based on a first trigger event, generating, by the one or more computing systems, a re-cast first segment of the recorded presentation, with the re-cast first segment including the private information of the user, and sending by the one or more computing systems, the re-cast segment to a computing device associated with the user.09-27-2012
20120246027Augmented Reality System for Product Selection - Techniques for searching for products in an inventory of product are disclosed. The techniques receive data that specifies attributes of a product, search inventory of products to determine potential matches or closely related matches to at least some of the attributes of the products, generate messages based on the search of inventory to determine the potential matches, generate positional information associated with the messages and generate a set of informational depictions of the generated messages, with the informational depictions of the messages when rendered on a display device are rendered in juxtaposition with representations of the products according to the generated positional information.09-27-2012
20120246222System for Group Supervision - A system includes one or more computer systems configured to receive a plurality of information streams from a corresponding plurality of client systems that have a defined geographic position, analyze the information feeds, generate messages based on the analysis of the information feeds, generate positional information associated with the messages, and generate a set of informational depictions of the generated messages, with the informational depictions of the messages when rendered on a display device are rendered in juxtaposition with representations of the client systems according to the generated positional information.09-27-2012

David Martin, Arlington, MA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120283666DRUG ELUTING COCHLEAR IMPLANTS - Drug delivery systems and biocompatible coatings for use with implantable stimulation devices such as cochlear implants have been developed. These drug delivery systems and coatings comprise polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers and copolymers. The drug delivery systems may be used to deliver pharmacologically active substances, for example, directly from a cochlear implant to the inner ear. The coatings can impart lubricity to cochlear devices for ease of insertion of the electrodes. In the preferred embodiment, the drug delivery system comprises a polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer, and in the most preferred embodiment, the PHA polymer comprises poly(4-hydroxybutyrate) (P(4HB)) or copolymer thereof. A particularly preferred embodiment is where the silicone sheath of the cochlear implant electrodes has been surface modified, and coated with P(4HB), and the P(4HB) either contains a pharmacologically active substance or has been coated with such a substance.11-08-2012

David Martin, Inveruruie GB

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120312556Seal - An annular sealing element to seal between metal surfaces for use in flanges, joints, packers and the like, located in oil and gas exploration and production equipment. The sealing element has inner and outer metal deformable surfaces joined at ends, defining an interior volume which is entirely filled with a plastic deformable material. The surfaces are arranged such that on compression of the element from the ends, the element will deform in a controlled manner on a cantilever principle. The volume of filler and the interior volume remain substantially equal during compression so that delamination does not occur. Thus the sealing element provides a seal combining the flexibility of elastomer seals with the integrity of a metal to metal seal.12-13-2012

David Martin, Glynde Nr Lewes GB

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20130064597WRITING INSTRUMENT AND INK CARTRIDGE UNIT - A writing instrument includes a shell, an ink reservoir disposed in the shell and a writing tip section that is provided on the shell from which ink from the ink reservoir is applied to a substrate. The writing tip section includes a writing tip and an ink feed assembly for delivering ink from the ink reservoir to the writing tip through capillary action. The writing tip is flexible and a flexible cover with the shape of a fountain pen nib is provided for supporting the flexible writing tip.03-14-2013