Inventors list

Assignees list

Classification tree browser

Top 100 Inventors

Top 100 Assignees


Courtney, US

Aaron M. Courtney, Athens, OH US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080250784MULTI-PIECE PISTON FOR A FREE PISTON MACHINE - The concentricity and coaxiality of a central bore through a piston for a free piston Stirling machine is improved with a piston that has a sleeve with a core constructed from at least two, separate, axially-engaging core components sealed within the sleeve. During fabrication, a central bore is machined through each of the core components. The piston is assembled by heating the sleeve and cooling the core components, inserting the core components into the sleeve and then allowing the sleeve to cool and the core components to warm. This drives the core components into sealed engagement with each other and with the sleeve and aligns the central bore coaxially with the outer cylindrical surface of the sleeve.10-16-2008

Alice June Courtney, Boulder, CO US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080234051Systems and methods for interactive wagering using multiple types of user interfaces - The present invention is systems and methods for interactive wagering using multiple types of user interfaces. Preferred embodiments of these systems and methods incorporate a wagering data hub which controls the flow of data relating to wagers, wagering events, and wagering account and facilitates the use of a variety of user interfaces such as graphical user interfaces and interactive voice response interfaces. For example, a user of the present invention may use a television set-top box, a computer, a telephone, and/or any other suitable device. To communicate with the wagering data hub, television set-top boxes preferably use a two-way cable system, computers preferably use a computer network, and telephones preferably use a telephone network, although each may use any suitable mechanism or combination of mechanisms to communicate with wagering data hub.09-25-2008

Brian Michael Courtney, Bethlehem, PA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090116579INTERPROCESSOR COMMUNICATION LINK FOR A LOAD CONTROL SYSTEM - The present invention provides a reliable communication protocol that provides multicasting of digital messages on an interprocessor link coupling together a plurality of processors of a load control system. Preferably, the load control system includes a plurality of sub-systems, with a number of the processors in each sub-system. The processors are each characterized by a unique individual address, while all of the processors of a single sub-system are characterized by an identical multicast address. The processors re-transmit digital messages on the communication link if a target address of the digital message is equal to the multicast address. The processors determine if acknowledgement messages are received from each of the processors from which acknowledgement messages were expected during a predetermined amount of time after transmitting an initial digital message, and transmit a retry message in response to determining that the acknowledgement messages were not received.05-07-2009
20100071856Method of Automatically Controlling a Motorized Window Treatment While Minimizing Occupant Distractions - A load control system provides for automatically controlling a position of a motorized window treatment to control the amount of sunlight entering a space of a building through a window located in a façade of the building in order to control a sunlight penetration distance within the space and minimize occupant distractions. The load control system automatically generates a timeclock schedule having a number of timeclock events for controlling the position of the motorized window treatment during the present day. A user is able to select a desired maximum sunlight penetration distance for the space and a minimum time period that may occur between any two consecutive timeclock events. In addition, a maximum number of movements that may occur during the timeclock schedule may also be entered. The load control system uses these inputs to determine event times and corresponding positions of the motorized window treatment for each timeclock event of the timeclock schedule.03-25-2010
20110025476METHOD OF ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATION WITH WIRELESS CONTROL DEVICES - The method of the present invention allows a first wireless control device that is operable to communicate on a predetermined one of a plurality of channels to establish communication with a second wireless control device that may be communicating on any of the plurality of channels. A beacon message is first transmitted repeatedly by the wireless control device on the predetermined channel. The second wireless control device listens for the beacon message for a predetermined amount of time on each of the plurality of channels. When the second control device receives the beacon message on the predetermined channel, the second control device begins communicating on the predetermined channel. The second wireless device may begin listening for the beacon message in response to powering up.02-03-2011
20130049664Method of Automatically Controlling a Motorized Window Treatment While Minimizing Occupant Distractions - A load control system provides for automatically controlling a position of a motorized window treatment to control the amount of sunlight entering a space of a building through a window located in a façade of the building in order to control a sunlight penetration distance within the space and minimize occupant distractions. The load control system automatically generates a timeclock schedule having a number of timeclock events for controlling the position of the motorized window treatment during the present day. A user is able to select a desired maximum sunlight penetration distance for the space and a minimum time period that may occur between any two consecutive timeclock events. In addition, a maximum number of movements that may occur during the timeclock schedule may also be entered. The load control system uses these inputs to determine event times and corresponding positions of the motorized window treatment for each timeclock event.02-28-2013

Patent applications by Brian Michael Courtney, Bethlehem, PA US

Brooks Barrington Courtney, North Port, FL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100213332Cabinet leveling device - The inventive concept is directed to a leveling device to level cabinets or other appliances. The device is constructed as an elongated housing having an interior therein. The interior of the housing will receive a movable triangular adjustment lever which is mounted in the housing in such a manner that a bottom flange will protrude from the housing and contact a floor on which the cabinet is to be located. The triangular adjustment lever has an upstanding flange that is contacted by an adjustment bolt which is accessible from the outside of the housing. A leveling device is installed in each of the inside corners of the cabinet and is accessible from a wall in the toe-kick recess of the cabinet by way of a tool through the wall. The leveling devices located in the rear corners of the cabinet are accessible for adjustment by way of on elongated rod passing through the wall and will attach to the respective adjustment bolts.08-26-2010

Chris Courtney, Chicago, IL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100088187SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LOCALIZED AND/OR TOPIC-DRIVEN CONTENT DISTRIBUTION FOR MOBILE DEVICES - A computer-implemented method for delivering targeted advertising in an asynchronous messaging-based social networking platform, the system comprising: providing a messaging server configured to managed asynchronous message delivery to a plurality of users, wherein a message comprises: a content title; a timestamp; a profile id, wherein the profile id is a unique identifier associated with a publisher of the message; and a message; providing a user authentication database configured to store and manage user authentication information for the plurality of users; maintaining a plurality of bindings configured to associate at least one user of the system with at least one other user of the system; storing an articles database configured to store messages within the system; identifying a plurality of publishers wherein each publisher posts a plurality of messages within the system; determining a plurality of channels; for each channel, associating a plurality of the publishers with the channel; and providing advertising within the system.04-08-2010

Christopher J. Courtney, Janesville, WI US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20130088903CONTROL ARCHITECTURE FOR A MULTI-LEVEL ACTIVE RECTIFIER - The present invention is a control architecture for an active rectifier. The control architecture monitors the AC input voltage provided to the active rectifier at a sampling rate grater than the frequency of the AC input voltage and calculates, in response, a phase estimate associated with the monitored AC input voltage that is updated with each new sample of the AC input voltage. Based on the phase and frequency estimates, along with monitoring of the AC input current and DC output voltage, the control architecture calculates voltage commands that are used to generate the pulse-width modulation (PWM) controls signals for provision to solid-state switching devices in the active rectifier.04-11-2013

Clifton C. Courtney, Cedar Crest, NM US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100214043High Peak and Average Power-Capable Microwave Window for Rectangular Waveguide - A high peak and high average power-capable microwave/radio frequency window for use in rectangular or other waveguide transmission line geometries. The waveguide microwave window provides a physical barrier, or interface, between two regions on either side of the window. The window presents a relatively transparent interface for the microwave signal that is propagating in the waveguide. In an electrical sense the window will exhibit low return loss. The microwave window inhibits multipactor phenomena, suppresses electrical breakdown and transmits high peak power radio frequency signals. The microwave window also provides a mechanism for both passive and active cooling to allow operation at high average power. The applications for the claimed invention include use as part of: High Power Microwave (HPM) generators and systems; HPM sources and systems employed in and by particle accelerators; plasma processing systems; and numerous other applications that utilize high power microwave signals.08-26-2010

Patent applications by Clifton C. Courtney, Cedar Crest, NM US

David Courtney, Perrysburg, OH US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110041242WATER SAVING TOILET FLUSH SYSTEM - A water saving toilet flush system to selectively practice a partial or a full flush at the selection of the user is disclosed. A partial flush operation is initiated by depressing the control handle to commence the flush to connect a magnet assembly and to simultaneously unseat an associated flapper valve. Then the control lever is lifted to uncouple the magnet assembly and allow a float assembly to control seating of the flapper valve. A full flush operation is initiated in the same manner the partial flush operation is initiated. However, the control lever is allowed to remain depressed, causing the magnet assembly to remain coupled until a water level is low enough to cause the flapper valve to uncouple the magnet assembly and to drop to a closed position completing the full flush cycle.02-24-2011

David Francis Courtney, Mcallen, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20130026490GLASS/CERAMICS REPLACEMENT OF EPOXY FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE HERMETICALLY SEALED NON-AXIAL ELECTRONIC PACKAGES - A high temperature, non-cavity package for non-axial electronics is designed using a glass ceramic compound with that is capable of being assembled and operating continuously at temperatures greater that 300-400° C. Metal brazes, such as silver, silver colloid or copper, are used to connect the semiconductor die, lead frame and connectors. The components are also thermally matched such that the packages can be assembled and operating continuously at high temperatures and withstand extreme temperature variations without the bonds failing or the package cracking due to a thermal mismatch.01-31-2013

Douglas Lee Courtney, Palm Coast, FL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080221920Personal Transportable Healthcare Data Base Improvements - This is an improvement to the patient data base disclosed in Published Patent Application No. US 2007-0055550 A1, Published Mar. 809-11-2008

Erik W. Courtney, Los Angeles, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090079865Method for Recomposing Large Format Media - The present invention relates to a process for shooting an entire scene on a single large format film camera and recomposing the filmed scene into a video stream suitable for transfer to conventional formats.03-26-2009

Francis Patrick Courtney, Omaha, NE US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080229289Bitmapped Data String Conversions - A method for converting bitmapped messages in one codeset into a message of another codesets is disclosed. In one step a bitmapped message is parsed into a bitmapped field and a data field. The binary representation of the bitmapped field is used to determine which data elements are present within the data field and the length of the data elements. The data elements may then be converted into a new codeset.09-18-2008

Harry S. Courtney, West Memphis, AR US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110118173METHOD OF DELIPIDATION OF HDL USING SERUM OPACITY FACTOR TO PREVENT, INHIBIT, AND/OR REVERSE ATHEROSCLEROSIS - This invention relates to delivering a therapeutically active serum opacity factor or an anti-atherosclerotic therapeutic lipoprotein generated from interaction with serum opacity factor to an individual that has or is at risk for atherosclerosis. This can be accomplished by in vivo or ex vivo delivery methods.05-19-2011

Jacqueline Courtney, Cincinnati, OH US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080207071ELASTOMERIC LAMINATE MATERIALS THAT DO NOT REQUIRE MECHANICAL ACTIVATION - An elastomeric laminate that does not require mechanical activation comprises an elastomeric polymer film layer bonded to one or more other substrate layers. The elastomeric film composition, physical properties of the substrate, and bonding conditions are selected and controlled to form an elastomeric laminate that is stretchable and recoverable without the use of excess material or post-lamination mechanical activation. The resulting elastomeric laminate may be manufactured on relatively simple high-speed equipment at lower cost and with improved physical properties.08-28-2008
20110250419ELASTOMERIC LAMINATE MATERIALS THAT DO NOT REQUIRE MECHANICAL ACTIVATION - An elastomeric laminate that does not require mechanical activation comprises an elastomeric polymer film layer bonded to one or more other substrate layers. The elastomeric film composition, physical properties of the substrate, and bonding conditions are selected and controlled to form an elastomeric laminate that is stretchable and recoverable without the use of excess material or post-lamination mechanical activation. The resulting elastomeric laminate may be manufactured on relatively simple high-speed equipment at lower cost and with improved physical properties.10-13-2011
20120238162ELASTOMERIC LAMINATE MATERIALS THAT DO NOT REQUIRE MECHANICAL ACTIVATION - An elastomeric laminate that does not require mechanical activation comprises an elastomeric polymer film layer bonded to one or more other substrate layers. The elastomeric film composition, physical properties of the substrate, and bonding conditions are selected and controlled to form an elastomeric laminate that is stretchable and recoverable without the use of excess material or post-lamination mechanical activation. The resulting elastomeric laminate may be manufactured on relatively simple high-speed equipment at lower cost and with improved physical properties.09-20-2012

Patent applications by Jacqueline Courtney, Cincinnati, OH US

Joseph A. Courtney, Rochester, NY US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100290851RUNOUT COMPENSATION ON MACHINE TOOLS - A method of determining axial and/or radial runout due to workholding equipment and compensating for such runout during machining of a gear wherein axial and/or radial runout compensations are executed during the machining of each individual tooth slot.11-18-2010
20120230791METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING BEVEL GEARS - Method and apparatus wherein the front machining of a gear blank (09-13-2012

Lawrence F. Courtney, Medway, MA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100173851INHIBITORS OF SERINE PROTEASES, PARTICULARLY HCV NS3-NS4A PROTEASE - The present invention relates to compounds that inhibit serine protease activity, particularly the activity of hepatitis C virus NS3-NS4A protease. As such, they act by interfering with the life cycle of the hepatitis C virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The invention further relates to compositions comprising these compounds either for ex vivo use or for administration to a patient suffering from HCV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HCV infection in a patient by administering a composition comprising a compound of this invention. The invention further relates to processes for preparing these compounds.07-08-2010

Mark J. Courtney, Middletown, DE US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090077724Protective Undergarment - A protective undergarment for use under casual clothing is described. The undergarment is constructed of a first impermeable barrier material and a second selectively permeable barrier material.03-26-2009
20100132100COOLED PROTECTIVE GARMENT - A chemical protective garment or ensemble is disclosed that comprises a impermeable, protective cooling laminate having a water-holding layer for holding and evaporating liquid, and a chemical barrier. The water-holding layer has a water-holding capacity of at least about 5% wt., and the suit is designed to retain sufficient liquid to provide cooling to a wearer upon evaporation of the liquid from the suit.06-03-2010

Patent applications by Mark J. Courtney, Middletown, DE US

Michael Courtney, North Richland Hills, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100106319METHOD OF CONTROLLING EQUIPMENT IN A HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING NETWORK - The disclosure provides an HVAC data processing and communication network and a method of manufacturing the same. In an embodiment, the network includes a sensor and a local controller. The sensor is configured to detect a fault condition associated with operation of a demand unit. The local controller, associated with the demand unit, is configured to receive sensor data from the sensor and to communicate the sensor data over the network. A network controller is configured to receive the sensor data via the communication network and to generate an alert in the event that the sensor data indicates the fault condition.04-29-2010

Michael Courtney, Fort Worth, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100011437APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR STORING EVENT INFORMATION FOR AN HVAC SYSTEM - An apparatus for storing event information relating to operation of an HVAC system includes: (a) at least one memory controller coupled with the HVAC system for receiving the event information; and (b) at least one memory unit coupled with the at least one memory controller. A first memory unit of the at least one memory unit is configured for receiving first selected information of the event information for accessing by at least one of a first party and a second party. A second memory unit of the at least one memory unit is configured for receiving second selected information of the event information for accessing by the second party.01-14-2010

Michael Robert Courtney, Vero Beach, FL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110197521SYSTEM OF MODULAR CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLED STRUCTURE - A system of modular construction including a plurality of pre-manufactured components cooperatively structured for onsite assembly of a building or other structure. A plurality of modules are disposed and structured to at least partially define wall, floor and roof portions of the assembled building, wherein the plurality of modules are interconnected in an intended relation to one another by a connecting web assembly, wherein the connecting web assembly comprises a plurality of different types of component connectors and retaining channels. A water distribution assembly is incorporated within the building such that water is delivered by gravity feed to a plurality of plumbing fixtures and/or outlets and the building also includes an integrated, built-in gutter assembly associated with the plurality of down spouts for the recognized distribution and/or collection of water.08-18-2011

Patrick Gordon Courtney, Camarillo, CA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090231042 Broadband Power Amplifier with A High Power Feedback Structure - A broadband power amplifier using a novel high power feedback structure is disclosed in this patent. Feedback is widely used in amplifier design to broaden the bandwidth of the amplifier. Traditionally, the feedback resistor is either an axial resistor placed over the top of the transistor or a surface mount resistor with a long PCB trace making up the rest of the feedback path. However, each of these methods has it's limitations. The axial resistor doesn't have good heat sinking capability and therefore cannot handle high power. The feedback on PCB makes the feedback path long and becomes positive feedback at high frequency, thus limiting the high end frequency of operation of the amplifier in a stable region. The feedback structure disclosed in this patent has a good heat sinking path, has very short feedback path; allowing for higher frequency operation. We successfully applied the feedback structures to a Gallium Nitride (GaN) transistor, which is a new type of power transistor that has low parasitic capacitance and high optimum load impedance, and demonstrated an amplifier with very high output power over extraordinarily broad bandwidth. Matching networks have been optimized to improve performance and stability. We have demonstrated that unconditional stability is achievable while operating over a broad bandwidth using this feedback structure.09-17-2009

Philip Courtney, Nederland, CO US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090157236Intelligent system and method for spacecraft autonomous operations - The intelligent system for autonomous spacecraft operations includes an on-board Autonomous Operations subsystem integrated with an on-ground Web-based Remote Intelligent Monitor System (RIMS) providing interface between on-ground users and the autonomous operations intelligent system. The on-board Autonomous Operation subsystem includes an On-Orbit Checkout Engine (OOCE) unit and an Autonomous Tasking Engine (ATE) unit. Spacecraft Command Language (SCL) engine underlies the operations of the OOCE, ATE and RIMS, and serves as an executer of commands sequences. The OOCE uses the SCL engine to execute a series of SCL command scripts to perform a rapid on-orbit checkout of subsystems/components of the spacecraft in 1-3 days. The ATE is a planning and scheduling tool which receives requests for “activities” and uses the SCL scripts to verify the validity of the “activity” prior to execution, and scheduling the “activity” for execution or re-scheduling the same depending on verification results. Automated Mission Planning System (AMPS) supports the ATE operations. The ATE uses a priority schedule if multiple “activities” are to be executed.06-18-2009

Scott Brian Courtney, Sterling, VA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120173684METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PARTITIONING RECURSIVE NAME SERVERS - A method of applying device preferences to network traffic includes establishing first DNS settings of a first device and establishing second DNS settings of a second device. The first DNS settings are associated with one or more first name servers. The second DNS settings are associated with one or more second name servers. The method also includes transmitting, from the first device, at least a portion of a first DNS query and a public IP address to the first name server. The method further includes transmitting, from the second device, at least a portion of a second DNS query and the public IP address to the second name server07-05-2012

Stephen Courtney, Redmond, WA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120117470Learning Tool for a Ribbon-Shaped User Interface - A computing device displays a user interface containing a ribbon-shaped user interface. The ribbon-shaped user interface contains multiple tabs. Each of the tabs contains multiple controls. Furthermore, a challenge and a tab visualization control are displayed in the user interface. The challenge instructs a user of the computing device to perform a task using the ribbon-shaped user interface without instructing the user how to perform the task. In response to receiving selection of the tab visualization control, the computing device displays a popup window in the user interface. The popup window initially contains an image of an initial portion of a given tab in the ribbon-shaped user interface. The image of the given tab is scrolled within the popup window such that a target control in the given tab is visible within the popup window.05-10-2012

Steve Courtney, Redmond, WA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110294564ANIMATION FOR A PRODUCTIVITY APPLICATIONS LEARNING TOOL GAME - Consolidated game flow for a plurality of different productivity applications is provided by a challenge director program module which may be local to a computing device or accessible via a remote network server at a challenge director interface of the productivity application currently utilized by a user. A consolidated game board display output of the challenge director at the computing device may encourage learning features of different productivity applications via attractive images that may be animated. Animation sequences may be provided at the challenge director interface which may grab the attention of a user of a productivity application to play a challenge or reward usage of learned productivity application features. Further animation sequences may be provided for entertainment during interactive game board play such as animation sequences played between skill levels of play or during play.12-01-2011
20110294565CONSOLIDATED GAME FLOW FOR LEARNING PRODUCTIVITY APPLICATIONS - Consolidated game flow for a plurality of different productivity applications is provided by a challenge director which may be local to a computing device or accessible via a remote network server. A consolidated game board display output of the challenge director at the computing device may encourage learning features of different productivity applications, for example, based on achieving at least one challenge for a feature that is of a different productivity application than one currently utilized by a user. The challenge director may launch a productivity application associated with a challenge from a version of the productivity application currently available at the computing device at the beginning of challenge play. An overall theme of the consolidated game board display may link a plurality of levels of play to one another with individual related sub-themes for each skill level of game play.12-01-2011

Steve Courtney, Plano, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100228252Bone Plate and Plating System for Use of Same - A bone plate and plating system are for use of the same are disclosed. The bone plate includes a body having a span sufficient to overlap a portion of a bone. A screw hole extends through the body in order to receive a bone screw to attach for engaging the plate to the bone. The screw hole includes a counterbore having a beveled surface that intersects at a pinch point a bore having a conical surface of revolution that transitions into the bone engaging surface of the body. The beveled surface includes a variable geometry defining interleaved and rotationally-spaced contact and non-contact bone screw regions.09-09-2010
20100228290Spinal Cross-connector and Method for Use of Same - A spinal cross-connector for connection between adjacent first and second rods and method for use of the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, a coupling member including a bar extends from a body portion opposite to and in longitudinal axial alignment with a c-shaped arm. A second coupling member which includes a rack extends from a body portion opposite to and in longitudinal axial alignment with a another c-shaped arm. The rack is superposed in a selectively adjustable overlapping mechanical engagement with the bearing surface. Each c-shaped arm includes an arcuate extension extending substantially parallel to the bar to define a gripping pocket. A set screw includes a conical profile that extends substantially perpendicular to the arcuate extension. The advance of the set screw is operable to urge the rod into pressing contact with the gripping pocket to secure the rod therein.09-09-2010
20100228293Pedicle Screw Fixation System and Method for Use of Same - A pedicle screw fixation system and method for use of the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, a tulip is provided for holding a head of a pedicle screw substantially along a longitudinal axis. The tulip includes opposing first and second U-shaped receiving slots aligned along a transverse axis. A rod is received by the opposing first and second U-shaped receiving slots. A coupling collar includes a plurality of resilient fingers circumferentially disposed therearound such that a snap fit engagement with the head of the pedicle screw formed. The coupling collar includes a first deformable face operable for contact with the rod. A set screw is for adapted for driving engagement through the tulip along the longitudinal axis such that a second deformable face is positioned for contact with the rod. The first and second deformable faces conform to the shape of the rod in response to forceful engagement therewith.09-09-2010

Tim Courtney, Paoli, PA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100254282METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR A TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT NETWORK - A system for collecting traffic data includes at least one first node, at least one second node, and a central processing station. The first node includes a cellular communications module and a first networking communications module connected to a first processor. The second node includes a second networking communications module and a device detection module connected to a second processor. The at least one first node and the at least one second node form a network. The device detection module detects devices associated with traffic. The central processing station can be linked to the at least one first node via the cellular communications module. The at least one second node communicates information associated with the devices associated with traffic to the at least one first node. The at least one first node communicates the information associated with the devices associated with traffic to the cellular communications module.10-07-2010

William J. Courtney, Millstadt, IL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100272513Method of manufacturing a tubing for a subsurface water drainage system - A tubing with improved compression strength for a subsurface water drainage system comprising a core polymeric support structure wrapped longitudinally in first and second geotextile materials, wherein the core polymeric support structure is heated to soften the polymeric material and wherein the first and second geotextile materials overlap and are adhered together with a hot melt adhesive and tensioned to tightly wrap the core, thereby forming the tubing.10-28-2010