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Coates, US

Andrew Mark Coates, Redmond, WA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090235196CUSTOMIZABLE CONTROLS PROVIDED BY A MESSAGING APPLICATION FOR PERFORMING SELECTED ACTIONS - Technologies are described herein for providing users of a messaging application with controls that perform one or more selected actions with a message. Any number of default custom action controls may be displayed in a gallery. The selection of a custom action control performs various actions to an active message. New custom action controls may be created and existing controls modified to provide any number of desired actions. Dialogs provide user-friendly interfaces that allow a user to assign the desired functionality to a custom action control. The custom action controls may be organized into groups and shared between messaging applications and computers.09-17-2009

Blake Coates, Lyman, SC US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110081460Suspension packaging with on-demand oxygen exposure - The presently disclosed subject matter is directed to an article that enables on-demand blooming of an oxygen-sensitive product packaged within the interior of the article. Specifically, the product can be packaged between two films, wherein at least one of the films is oxygen-permeable. The edges of the films can be attached to one or more suspension frames, such that the product is suspended between the two frames. The oxygen-impermeable film is covered in with an oxygen-impermeable material that can be removed on demand to promote blooming.04-07-2011

Blake E. Coates, Moore, SC US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110311688PACKAGE COMPRISING ON-DEMAND COLLAPSIBLE SUPPORT MEMBER - The presently disclosed subject matter relates to packaging for products (such as fresh red meat) that are enclosed between a support member and a film in such a manner that the film can be peelably removed from the support member. More specifically, the presently disclosed subject matter relates to packaging wherein the support member is collapsible to allow the product to contact the film at any desired time, such as the time of retail display.12-22-2011

Bradley Coates, Yarmouth, IA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100087830Endplate Preparation Instruments and Methods of Use - The present application is directed to instruments and methods for preparing a space between vertebral members. One embodiment of the instrument may include an elongated shaft with a proximal end and a distal end. A blade may be positioned at an end of the shaft and may rotate about an axis. The blade may include one or more teeth that include a height and/or contour. During rotation of the blade, the teeth contact and cut into one of the vertebral members. The instrument may also include a depth stop that limits a depth that the teeth can cut into the vertebral member. In some embodiments, the instrument includes a second blade that is configured to cut into the second vertebral member.04-08-2010

Bradley J. Coates, Rossiville, TN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110202091NON-METALLIC IMPLANT DEVICES AND INTRA-OPERATIVE METHODS FOR ASSEMBLY AND FIXATION - This invention relates to orthopedic implants and to methods of treating bone defects. More specifically, but not exclusively, the present invention is directed to non-metallic implants and to methods for intra-operative assembly and fixation of orthopedic implants to facilitate medical treatment. The non-metallic implant assembly can be secured to underlying tissue by a fastener, such as a bone screw, that is capable of swelling on contact with fluid in the underlying tissue. Alternatively, the non-metallic implant assembly can be assembled intra-operatively using a fastener that is adhesively bonded to a bone plate or the bone plate can be deformed using heat, force, or solvents to inhibit withdrawal of the fastener. In preferred embodiments, both the fastener and the bone plate are formed of biodegradable material.08-18-2011

Bradley J. Coates, Yarmouth, IA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100268278TENSION BAND - Various embodiments of a vertebral tension band assembly and associated connection structure are provided. The tension band assemblies may be attached to vertebral bodies to, for example, connect one vertebrae to another, retain the band in approximately a preferred position by application of tension to the band during insertion and/or limit, impede, inhibit, reduce or interfere with the separation from one vertebra to another and may further block, impede, interfere with, inhibit, reduce or present an obstacle to dislodgement of a spinal implant from between the vertebrae to which it is attached. Flexible band portions of the assemblies may be treated and/or configured to promote bony integration between the band and the associated vertebrae, limit tissue adhesion to the band, and/or to elute a therapeutic substance from the installed band to the surgical site.10-21-2010

Bradley J. Coates, Rossville, TN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100057207Bone grafts - Spinal spacers 03-04-2010

Patent applications by Bradley J. Coates, Rossville, TN US

Budd Coates, Emmaus, PA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110071008PORTABLE SLIDING EXERCISE DEVICE - The exercise device includes a base plate and a handle disposed on the top surface of the base plate. The bottom surface of the base plate has a surface roughness Ra of less than 3 microinches, and preferably 1 to 2 microinches such that the device slides along a floor allowing the user to perform a plurality of exercises. The base plate includes a hole extending through a center thereof, whereby the base plate has a ring-like shape.03-24-2011

Carl Coates, Lansing, NY US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100309089PLANAR ARRAY ANTENNA HAVING RADOME OVER PROTRUDING ANTENNA ELEMENTS - A subarray of a planar array antenna has a ground plane having a rear face and a front face, radiating elements, each of the radiating elements protruding forward of the front face and physically mounted to the ground plane; circuit elements electrically coupled to the radiating elements, and physically mounted to the ground plane and positioned rearward of the rear face of the ground plane; and a dielectric radome supported on the ground plane defining a continuous surface sealed to the ground plane. The continuous surface includes a forward wall positioned forward of each of the radiating elements to form an environmental seal around the radiating elements. The radome has an intermediate wall intermediate at least one pair of adjacent ones of the antenna elements.12-09-2010

Dan Coates, Forest Lake, MN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110268505Retractable wheel for boat lift and other structures - An assembly for attaching to a boat lift 11-03-2011

Daniel Jay Coates, Ogden Dunes, IN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090250841Tracheal tubes and a method of making the same - A tracheal tube is made by the attachment proximate to its patient end an inverted cuff, so that the flash lines that result from the molding of the cuff is hidden from view, and any loose material from the flash lines of the cuff is trapped within the cuff, instead of falling into the patient. The smooth surface of the inverted cuff also prevents potential secretion buildup on the cuff and facilitates the cleaning of the tracheal tube.10-08-2009
20090288665CUFFED MEDICAL TUBES - A cuffed silicone tracheostomy tube has two tapered recesses (11-26-2009

David Coates, Washington, MI US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110175397HEAVY-DUTY TRAILER - A heavy duty wheeled trailer for use in towing the trailer behind a vehicle. The trailer includes an adjustable height tow connection point to adjust and connect to different types of tow vehicles while maintaining the front deck substantially parallel to the trailer main deck. The trailer further includes a modular support frame allowing the trailer to be easily scaled in length and performance capabilities through removal or addition of modular frame cells.07-21-2011

David A. Coates, Indianapolis, IN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100160340PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS - The present invention provides a compound of formula (I):06-24-2010

David Andrew Coates, Indianapolis, IN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110312954MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST AND METHODS OF USE - The present invention provides a compound of the formula: Compound (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; pharmaceutical compositions comprising Compound (I) in combination with a suitable carrier, diluent, or excipient; and methods for treating physiological disorders, particularly congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, or chronic kidney disease, comprising administering Compound (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.12-22-2011

David Andrew Coates, West Lafayette, IN US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080214651Crystalline forms of [R-(R*, R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-beta,delta-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (2:1) - Novel crystalline forms of [R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid hemi calcium salt designated Form V, Form VI, Form VII, Form VIII, Form IX, Form X, Form XI, Form XII, Form XIII, Form XIV, Form XV, Form XVI, Form XVII, Form XVIII, and Form XIX are characterized by their X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state NMR, and/or Raman spectroscopy are described, as well as methods for the preparation and pharmaceutical composition of the same, which are useful as agents for treating hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer's disease.09-04-2008
20080287521Crystalline Forms Of [R-(R*,R*)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-beta,delta-dihydroxy-5-(1-methyl- Ethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic Acid Calcium Salt (2:1) - Novel crystalline forms of [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid hemi calcium salt designated Form V, Form VI, Form VII, Form VIII, Form IX, Form X, Form XI, Form XII, Form XIII, Form XIV, Form XV, Form XVI, Form XVII, Form XVIII, and Form XIX are characterized by their X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state NMR, and/or Raman spectroscopy are described, as well as methods for the preparation and pharmaceutical composition of the same, which are useful as agents for treating hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer's disease.11-20-2008

Don Mayo Coates, Santa Fe, NM US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090107290PLASMA-BASED REDUCTION OF TITANIUM OXIDES - A method for reducing titanium and other metal oxides to metal is disclosed. The method comprises providing a titanium or other metal oxide exposing the metal oxide to a non-thermal plasma, and reducing at least a portion of the titanium oxide to provide titanium metal. The non-thermal plasma may be formed using a first inert gas species, and a second reactive gas species.04-30-2009

Fredrica Coates, Winston-Salem, NC US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110178492PROTECTIVE UNDERGARMENT INCLUDING A SLING WITH A POCKET-END CUFF - A protective undergarment, such as a diaper, includes a sling that is suspended from an outer shell. The sling forms a pocket in which a reusable or disposable absorbent pad can be positioned. The sling has an S-pocket or overlapping pocket at the front end and a cuff at the rear end. The cuff forms a slimmer outer profile than the S-pocket or overlapping pocket and is used only in the rear where leakage is not as significant as at the front. The S-pocket or overlapping pocket and the cuff are both suspended from bumper strips that extend from the waistband. Rectangular hook and loop fasteners and extension members allow a diaper to fit wearers of different waist size.07-21-2011

George J. Coates, Wall, NJ US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090165742Pressure equalizing valve seal for spherical rotary valve engine - A valve seal for a rotary valve assembly for use in an internal combustion engine of the piston and cylinder type, the valve seal having a valve seal body member having a curved annular upper surface conforming to the spherical periphery of a spherical rotary valve, the valve seal body member having a centrally disposed aperture there through defined by an inner circular side wall, the valve seal body member further having an outer circumferential side wall having a plurality of mounting ribs for the positioning of lateral sealing rings, the valve seal body member further having a plurality of vertical axial throughbores formed between the inner circular side wall and the outer circumferential side wall for pressure equalization.07-02-2009
20090183705Hot spark injection system for diesel engines to promote complete combustion - A spark injection system for an internal combustion engine for the detonation and combustion of remaining fuel/air mixture within the cylinder, the spark injection system introduces a pulsed electrical charge into the cylinder after the initial detonation when the piston is in a position of approximately five degrees after top dead center and the spark continues or is intermittently continued through the power stroke and through three quarters of the exhaust stroke, thus combusting the remaining fuel/air mixture and maintaining a higher temperature within the cylinder and alternatively the pulsed electrical charge is introduced during all four cycles of the cylinders operation.07-23-2009
20110186002Piston having ceramic head - A piston for an internal combustion engine wherein the piston includes a piston body fabricated from a metal and a piston head fabricated from a ceramic or ceramic composite material, the ceramic or ceramic composite piston head is press fit to the piston body and secured by an internal circumferential locking ring.08-04-2011

Patent applications by George J. Coates, Wall, NJ US

George J. Coates, Wall Twp., NJ US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100242910Hot spark injection system for diesel engines to promote complete combustion - A spark injection system for an internal combustion engine for the detonation and combustion of remaining fuel/air mixture within the cylinder, the spark injection system introduces a pulsed electrical charge into the cylinder after the initial detonation when the piston is in a position of approximately five degrees after top dead center and the spark continues or is intermittently continued through the power stroke and through three quarters of the exhaust stroke, thus combusting the remaining fuel/air mixture and maintaining a higher temperature within the cylinder and alternatively the pulsed electrical charge is introduced during all four cycles of the cylinders operation.09-30-2010

Jamie Coates, Dubuque, IA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080245066HYDRAULIC APPARATUS RETURN TO NEUTRAL MECHANISM - A return to neutral mechanism to bias the trunnion of a hydraulic apparatus into the neutral position is provided. The trunnion is rotationally coupled to a bracket which is coupled to a glide member that is positioned between, and biased to a predetermined position by, a pair of compression springs.10-09-2008

Joan R. Coates, Columbia, MO US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090239225PREDICTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF CANINE DEGENERATIVE MYELOPATHY - The present invention provides for methods of identifying a dog carrying a major genetic risk factor in the SOD1 gene for degenerative myelopathy, a potential model for human amyeotrophic lateral sclerosis. Also provided a methods of early diagnosis, treatment and breeding based on the presence or absence of the marker.09-24-2009

Keven D. Coates, Cypress, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090174072SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEM HAVING BGA PACKAGE WITH RADIALLY BALL-DEPOPULATED SUBSTRATE ZONES AND BOARD WITH RADIAL VIA ZONES - A printed circuit board has contact lands (07-09-2009

Patent applications by Keven D. Coates, Cypress, TX US

Keven Dale Coates, Cypress, TX US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090289363Fine-Pitch Ball Grid Array Package Design - In one aspect, a method for configuring a ball grid array is disclosed. The method may include identifying a number of balls for use in a ball grid array, determining a number of rows and a number of columns for the ball grid array, and populating the ball grid array at least in part with a plurality of ball-space groupings. The method may also include allocating an unpopulated portion of an area bounded by the at least one first outside row, the at least one second outside row, the at least one first outside column, and the at least one second outside column, to be free of balls. The method may also include routing a signal line from a ball of at least one ball-space grouping to a space of the at least one ball-space grouping and routing the signal line to a substrate layer through a via.11-26-2009

Len Alan Coates, Carthage, MO US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110291540CABINET WITH A SHELF THAT HAS A REMOVABLE SHELF LINER AND END CAP - A cabinet includes one or more shelves that each include a substrate, a removable shelf liner, and a removable end cap. When the removable shelf liner or removable end cap needs to be replaced, either one or both of the removable shelf liner and removable end cap can be easily removed and replaced without removing or replacing the shelf. In addition, the sides and back of the cabinet preferably contain a dado joint so that the shelf substrate is captivated within the sides and back of the cabinet. The cabinet may also include metal rods to support each shelf substrate. The sides of the cabinet are attached by screws passing through the sides into the metal rods so there is a direct metal-to-metal connection. The combination of the metal rods and captivated shelves provides a cabinet that is very strong and durable, and can be repaired very easily and economically.12-01-2011

Lisa M. Coates, Massillon, OH US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110209764Apparatus and Methods for Delivery of Fluid Injection Boluses to Patients and Handling Harmful Fluids - A hazardous fluid transport container and a hazardous fluid delivery system are disclosed. The hazardous fluid transport container includes a housing enclosing an at least partially shielded enclosure. First and second fluid path elements are disposed within the housing, with the first fluid path element and second fluid path element fluidly coupled together. A pump unit may be provided for dispensing fluid from the first and second fluid path elements optionally into a third fluid path element. Also, methods for priming the hazardous fluid transport container and for mitigating laminar flow injection bolus spreading are disclosed. Additionally, disclosed is a radioactive fluid transport container for a syringe or other container. The radioactive fluid transport container allows the syringe or container to be used in an injection procedure without removal from the container.09-01-2011

Matthew Coates, Boston, MA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080257061GRIPPING FIXTURE - A gripping fixture suitable for use in stent securement testing is described. The gripping fixture includes a housing having a chamber, a rigid perforated tubular member positioned within the chamber, a multiplicity of radially extending pins arranged to slide in the perforations in the tubular member, and an elastic sheath that circumscribes the outer ends of the pins and surrounds the tubular member. A pressure chamber is formed between the housing and the elastic sheath. The gripping fixture also includes a pressure controller for controlling the pressure within the pressure chamber. The pressure applied in the pressure chamber acts on the elastic sheath and may be used to cause some of the pins to engage a stent during the stent securement test to hold the stent in place relative to the gripping fixture while the tensile force required to dislodge the stent from a catheter is measured.10-23-2008
20090155449MEDICAL DEVICE COATING APPARATUS AND METHODS OF USE - Apparatus and methods are configured to coat a medical device, such as a stent, with a beneficial medicinal agent using one or more liquid feeds and one or more micromist nozzles. In one implementation, an agent coating rig includes a vertical adjustment means, a rotation means, and a traverse adjustment means for moving a medical device along virtually any point on an x or y axis. In additional or alternative implementations, the agent coating rig can further include a secondary horizontal adjustment means that allows adjustment along virtually any point on a z axis. Furthermore, methods and apparatus are provided for distributing the beneficial agent on the medical device, including delivering the beneficial agent efficiently over time.06-18-2009
20110311713SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ROTATING AND COATING AN IMPLANTABLE DEVICE - A method for applying a coating to an implantable device is disclosed. The method includes positioning an implantable device relative to an ultrasonic material delivery apparatus. The implantable device is rotated at a relative speed. The relative speed may be more than 120 revolutions per minute. An application material is applied to the implantable device using the ultrasonic material delivery apparatus. The relative speed may be sufficient to reduce the size of at least a portion of droplets of the application material. A system for rotating an implantable device is disclosed. The system includes an implantable device and a rotation system configured to rotate the implantable device. A longitudinal axis of the implantable device and a longitudinal axis of a rotation member of the rotation system may be offset a desired dimension. An inside diameter of the implantable device may be larger than an outside diameter of a rotation member.12-22-2011

Patent applications by Matthew Coates, Boston, MA US

Michael Coates, Maurice, LA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100050407Method of Repairing Tong Jaw - A method for repairing a damaged or corroded tong jaw having a jaw root and an original seating component. The method includes the steps of: (a) machining away corroded or damaged portions of the original seating component; (b) machining into a non-damaged portion of the original seating component and/or jaw root, thereby forming a machined base configured to receive a new seating component, the new seating component including a feature adapted for engaging the machined base. The new seating component is then connected onto the machined base.03-04-2010

Michael Coates, Elverson, PA US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090110935CROSSLINKABLE FLUOROPOLYMER COMPOSITION AND USES THEREOF - A fluoropolymer block copolymer containing a hydrofluorocarbon and a polyamide-based crosslinking agent crosslinked at a temperature above about 500° F. (about 260° C.). The crosslinked-block copolymer has compatibility with both non-hydrofluorocarbon-based fluoropolymers and engineered resins. Additionally, the block copolymer has unexpectedly high temperature stability, higher than each of the individual components.04-30-2009
20090317553BLENDED FLUOROPOLYMER COMPOSITIONS - Blended fluoropolymer compositions are provided. In one embodiment, a liquid dispersion of a first fluoropolymer is blended with a liquid dispersion of a second fluoropolymer. The first fluoropolymer may be polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), such as a low molecular weight PTFE (LPTFE) that has been polymerized via a dispersion or emulsion polymerization process, and which has not been agglomerated, irradiated, or thermally degraded. The LPTFE may be in the form of an aqueous dispersion, having a mean particle size of less than 1.0 microns (μm), with the LPTFE having a first melt temperature (T12-24-2009
20100132212METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF FLUOROPOLYMER POWDERED MATERIALS - A method for the preparation of fluoropolymer powdered materials is disclosed. A suspension of solid fluoropolymer particles in a liquid carrier, preferably water, is frozen and the frozen carrier is then removed by sublimation at sub-atmospheric pressure to produce a dry powder of fluoropolymers particles.06-03-2010
20100204440METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF FLUOROPOLYMER POWDERED MATERIALS - A method for the preparation of a modified fluoropolymer powdered material is disclosed. A suspension of solid fluoropolymer particles together with PTFE particles in an aqueous carrier, is frozen and the frozen carrier is then removed by sublimation at sub-atmospheric pressure to produce a dry powder of modified fluoropolymer particles.08-12-2010
20110224350METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF FLUOROPOLYMER POWDERED MATERIALS - A method for the preparation of a modified fluoropolymer powdered material is disclosed. A suspension of solid fluoropolymer particles together with SiC particles in an aqueous carrier, is frozen and the frozen carrier is then removed by sublimation at sub-atmospheric pressure to produce a dry powder of modified fluoropolymer particles.09-15-2011

Patent applications by Michael Coates, Elverson, PA US

Ralph L. Coates, Salt Lake City, UT US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080202985Method for recovery of hydrocarbon oils from oil shale and other carbonaceous solids - A continuous, efficient surface method for thermal recovery of hydrocarbons from a solid feedstock is described that includes a self-contained process that produces hydrogen for upgrading the hydrocarbons to produce motor fuel. The hydrogen also is used as a clean burning fuel for the thermal processing. The hydrogen is produced as a component of synthesis gas formed by gasification of coal. The synthesis gas is processed to remove and dispose of carbon dioxide and by-product sulfur. Combustion of the hydrogen to provide indirect heating of the solid feedstock maximizes hydrocarbons that can be upgraded and reduces or eliminates the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.08-28-2008
20100294700METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAXIMIZING THROUGHPUT OF INDIRECTLY HEATED ROTARY KILNS - An apparatus and method for achieving improved throughput capacity of indirectly heated rotary kilns used to produce pyrolysis products such as shale oils or coal oils that are susceptible to decomposition by high kiln wall temperatures is disclosed. High throughput is achieved by firing the kiln such that optimum wall temperatures are maintained beginning at the point where the materials enter the heating section of the kiln and extending to the point where the materials leave the heated section. Multiple high velocity burners are arranged such that combustion products directly impact on the area of the kiln wall covered internally by the solid material being heated. Firing rates for the burners are controlled to maintain optimum wall temperatures.11-25-2010

Stephen Coates, Galena, IL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080271656Removable filler module - This invention relates to an industrial furnace roof filler element to allow replacement of a failed heat source during operation. The filler element can include a lower portion, a module, an aperture, a protuberance, a bore and/or a heat source. This invention also relates to a method of operation for an industrial furnace wherein a failed heat source is replaced during operation of the industrial furnace.11-06-2008
20110058589HIGH TEMPERATURE INDUSTRIAL FURNACE ROOF SYSTEM - A high temperature industrial furnace roof system having first and second spaced apart hanger brick rows with a filler row disposed therebetween and a cable system including a plurality of electrical cables. The filler row includes a plurality of filler elements having at least one removable heating module with a heat source. The cable system operatively connects the heat source with a power source and permits the removable heating module to be removed from the respective filler element while the respective heat source remains operatively connected with the power source.03-10-2011

Steve Coates, Bensenville, IL US

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090103739Method and Apparatus to Facilitate Use of Background Noise When Providing Secure Access to Equipment - A user interface device provides secure access to equipment. An audio reception device is adapted to receive an audio input comprising background noise and to receive an audio user code from a user. A user input device receives a manual input comprising a manual user code from the user. A control unit stores one or more target user codes and receives an audio input and determines a noise level of the background noise. An instruction message is generated to inform the user to enter the manual user code in response to the noise level of the background noise exceeding a predetermined threshold level. An output device provides the instruction message to the user. A control unit provides secure access to the equipment in response to at least one of the audio user code and the manual user code.04-23-2009