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Brunner, CH

Andreas Brunner, Brig CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100249370PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRAMLINTIDE - Pramlintide, a peptide having the 37 amino acid sequence KCNTATCATQRLANFLVHSSNNFGPILPPT-NVGSNTY-NH2 is prepared via a convergent three-fragment synthesis strategy from the fragments comprising the amino acid residues 1-12, 13-24 and 25-37, respectively.09-30-2010

Arthur Brunner, Jonen CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100030144BALLOON CATHETER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME - A balloon catheter comprises an outer shaft having a distal end, an inner shaft situated therein to form an annular fluid line and projecting beyond the distal end of the outer shaft, and a balloon which is dilatable under the influence of a fluid introduced through the fluid line under pressure. At its proximal end the balloon is attached in a fluid-tight manner to the distal end region of the outer shaft at a first attachment zone, and at its distal end is attached in a fluid-tight manner to the distal end region of the inner shaft at a second attachment zone. Between the attachment zones, in the undilated state the balloon is placed in longitudinal folds along its length. The balloon, at least at its distal end, has an untapered design with a thin wall thickness (d) which is essentially unchanged over the length of the balloon, and the longitudinal folds extend into the attachment zone at that location.02-04-2010

Christian Brunner, Basel CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120158136Surgical Implant - A surgical implant comprises a body having a compressed state and an uncompressed state. An envelope contains the body in at least the compressed state. The envelope forms an air-tight seal around the body in the compressed state and is water-soluble or degradable in body fluids.06-21-2012

Christian Brunner, Langendorf CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110160870EXPANDABLE IMPLANT - An implant system includes a fixation device that, in turn can include an expandable implant alone or in combination with an auxiliary implant. The expandable implant includes an expandable implant body that is made from an expandable material. The expandable material includes a polymer matrix and an expandable gas source contained within at least a portion of the polymer matrix. The implant system can further include an energy source configured to heat the polymer matrix to a temperature above its glass transition temperature, thereby causing the gas source to expand inside the polymer matrix. The fixation device can further include an insertion instrument configured to implant the fixation device into an anatomical cavity.06-30-2011
20120150234METHOD OF FIXATING TWO OR MORE ANATOMICAL BODIES - A method of bone fixation comprises the steps of implanting at least one first fixation element into a respective first anatomical body such that a portion of the first fixation element extends out from an exterior surface of the first anatomical body, and implanting at least one second fixation element into a respective second anatomical body that is adjacent the first anatomical body, such that a portion of the second fixation element extends out from an exterior surface of the second anatomical body. A hardenable material is applied to the portion of each of the fixation elements that extends out from the exterior surface of the respective anatomical body when the hardenable material is in an unhardened state. The hardenable material is hardened such that the hardenable material forms a hardened construct together with the bone fixation elements that bridges the anatomical bodies.06-14-2012

Christian Brunner, Bern CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20130053898Implant - An implant includes a section made of polymer, wherein at least a portion of the section has a layer of a polymerizable and/or cross-linkable material. A method for fixation of a bone plate having several plate holes using the implant includes removing a cover sheet protecting the layer of polymerizable and/or cross-linkable material, activating the layer of polymerizable and/or cross-linkable material with electromagnetic energy or with moisture, introducing the implant into one of the plate holes of the bone plate when the bone plate is positioned on a bone, pressing on an end of the implant in order to contact the activated layer of polymerizable and/or cross-linkable material with the bone underneath the bone plate, and allowing the activated and pressurized layer of polymerizable and/or cross-linkable material to polymerize and/or cross-link and to adhere to the bone.02-28-2013

David Brunner, Jona CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110115486TRAVELLING-WAVE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE METHOD - A method for acquiring an image or spectrum of a subject or object residing within the magnetic field of a magnetic resonance apparatus, comprises the steps of: 05-19-2011

Felix Brunner, Zurich CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100223493Method for the Consistent Provision of Configuration Data in an Industrial Automation System Comprising a Plurality of Networked Control Units, and Industrial Automation System - For the consistent provision of configuration data in an industrial automation system comprising a plurality of networked control units, components of a service are combined by a local service configuration unit using a standard configuration interface to form a service. Services are configured by configuration data and activated, where the configuration data comprise information relating to the attribution of services to control units and dependencies between services. The configuration data are accepted from a control and monitoring unit in the industrial automation system by a system configuration service, checked and transmitted to destination control units. The transmitted configuration data are checked by local service configuration units associated with the destination control units for changes in comparison with previously used configuration data. The local service configuration units use detected changes in the configuration data to ascertain lists of operations for performing configuration changes, where the lists are optimized to minimize service downtimes.09-02-2010

Frederic Brunner, Chezard CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110027509CRYSTALLINE FORM OF 2-(4,6-BIS-BIPHENYL-4-YL-1,3,5-TRIAZIN-2-YL)-5-(2-ETHYL-(N)-HEXYLOXY)PHEN- OL - The crystalline form of 2-(4,6-bis-biphenyl-4-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-(2-ethyl-(n)-hexyloxy)phenol, characterized by a X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by using Cu—Kα-radiation which exhibits the diffraction angles (2-Theta).02-03-2011

Frédéric Brunner, Chezard CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120094565CRYSTALLINE FORM OF 2-(4,6-BIS-BIPHENYL-4-YL-1,3,5-TRIAZIN-2-YL)-5-(2-ETHYL-(N)-HEXYLOXY)PHEN- OL - The crystalline form of 2-(4,6-bis-biphenyl-4-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-(2-ethyl-(n)-hexyloxy)phenol, characterized by a melting range of 118-126° C.04-19-2012

Gerhard Brunner, Hagendorf CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110095005Laser machining apparatus and method for forming a surface on an unifinished product - The invention concerns a method and an apparatus for the laser machining of an unfinished object (04-28-2011

Gideon Brunner, Basel CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110056850PACKAGE HOUSING FOR AN ELONGATE OBJECT - Package housing for an elongate object (03-10-2011
20110168578BLISTER PACKAGING - A blister packaging, in particular for dental implants, comprising a web structure to which a rear wall can be fastened in sealing fashion and a plastic film molded part that is made in a single piece together with the web structure, wherein the web structure is equipped with at least two support wings that are angled at about 90° with respect to the web structure and that extend along opposite sides of the web structure.07-14-2011

Hans-Georg Brunner, Basel CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100056570FUNGICIDES - Compounds of the general formula wherein the substituents are as defined in claim (03-04-2010

Hans-Georg Brunner, Stein CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100113513QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES AS FUNGICIDES - Compounds of the general formula (I) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 05-06-2010

Hans-Georg Brunner, Lausen CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100280068QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS FUNGICIDES - Compounds of the general Formula (1) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 11-04-2010
20100286199NOVEL FUNGICIDES - Fungicidal compounds of the general formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 11-11-2010
20100298356SATURATED AND INSATURATED BI- OR TRICYCLIC ARYLOXYACETAMINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS FUNGICIDES - Compounds of the general formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 11-25-2010

Josef Brunner, Chur CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20080314385O2 - Controller - The invention relates to a device for the regulation of PEEP and FiO12-25-2008
20090007915APPARATUS FOR REGULATING A MECHANICAL VENTILATION - The invention relates to a device, with which one is to prevent a patient who breathes on Ms own and who desires a lower CO01-08-2009
20090024008METHOD AND A DEVICE FOR SIMPLIFYING A DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT OF A MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENT - The invention relates to a method for acquiring several changing values and representing the acquired values on a monitoring screen, as well as to a device with a screen in order, on this, to represent changing values acquired during ventilation of the patient. The device comprises means for acquiring at least three changing values of different origin, and means for representing the values, which permit the acquired values to be qualitatively represented on the screen together in a single graphic element. This graphic element has a pictorial representation of a lung shape. The invention is characterised in that the means for representing the values are designed such that a volume change of the ventilated lung which is detected within each breath, is represented in an animated manner by way of size change of the lung shape corresponding to this corresponding volume change.01-22-2009
20090050153TUBE SYSTEM FOR VENTILATION APPLIANCES - The invention relates to a three-arm tube system (02-26-2009
20090301492METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE PEEP DURING THE RESPIRATION OF A PATIENT - The invention relates to a device for the automated determination of the PEEP of a patient. Said device comprises sensors and a suitable electronic system for determining a pressure-volume characteristic curve during a P/V manoeuvre. The electronic system is designed in such a way as to generate, specifically in terms of breathing pressure, the difference between “lung volume during exhalation (Vdef)” and “lung volume during inhalation (Vinf)”, and to determine the maximum value of said difference. The breathing pressure is then determined, for which the volume difference has a value defined in relation to the maximum value of the volume difference. The device calculates a PEEP value on the basis of said determined breathing pressure value.12-10-2009
20110257549APPARATUS FOR ASSESSING THE STRESS ON THE CIRCULATION OF A PERSON DURING ASSISTED BREATHING BY MEANS OF A RESPIRATOR - The invention relates to an apparatus with sensing means suitable for sensing the inspiratory phase and the expiratory phase of each respiratory cycle of a respirated person from in each case at least one minimum and maximum amplitude of a circulation value within a single respiratory cycle, and with a computing device for calculating a variation of the amplitudes of the circulation value occurring within a said respiratory cycle. It is distinguished by the fact that the computing device is set up to assign each amplitude of the circulation value either to the inspiratory phase or to the expiratory phase and to determine the one extreme amplitude of the circulation value from the amplitudes assigned to the inspiratory phase and the other extreme amplitude of the circulation value from the amplitudes assigned to the expiratory phase, and to ascertain from the amplitude variation between the extreme amplitudes in the two phases of the respiratory cycle whether the haemodynamic stress caused by the assisted breathing is too high.10-20-2011

Patent applications by Josef Brunner, Chur CH

Josef X. Brunner, Chur CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120232411PRESSURE MEASURING SYSTEM, PRESSURE MEASURING SENSOR ASSEMBLY AND A METHOD OF MEASURING A PRESSURE - A pressure measuring System (09-13-2012

Joseph Brunner, Olten CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090280163High-Efficiency Fusogenic Vesicles, Methods of Producing Them, and Pharmaceutical Compositions Containing Them - The present invention relates to novel fusogenic vesicles as highly efficient and versatile encapsulation systems for delivering a substance of choice, such as nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, antigens, pharmaceutical drugs and cosmetic agents to cells and tissues.11-12-2009

Kurt Brunner, Zuerich CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20130065071MULTILAYER SHEET, A THERMOFORMED ARTICLE, AND A METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME - The instant invention provides a multilayer sheet, a thermoformed article, and a method for making the same. The multilayer sheet comprises (a) at least one sealant layer comprising: less than 1 percent by weight of one or more antimicrobial agents, based on the total weight of the sealant layer; at least 20 percent by weight of a base polymer, based on the total weight of the sealant layer, wherein said base polymer comprises a propylene/ethylene copolymer composition, wherein said propylene/ethylene copolymer has a crystallinity in the range of from 1 percent by weight to 30 percent by weight, a heat of fusion in the range of from 2 Joules/gram to 50 Joules/gram), and a DSC melting point in the range of 25° C. to 110° C.; and less than 80 percent by weight of a secondary polymer selected from the group consisting of polypropylene homopolymer, polypropylene random copolymer, impact modified polypropylene, combinations thereof, and blends thereof; and (b) at least one core layer in contact with said at least one sealant layer, wherein said core layer comprises a core polymer03-14-2013

Lorenz Brunner, Zurich CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100069576PROCESSES COMPRISING CROSSLINKING POLYETHYLENE OR USING CROSSLINKED POLYETHYLENE - Provided are processes comprising crosslinking polyethylene or using crosslinked polyethylene. Furthermore, the processes may include compacting and/or sintering the polyethylene.03-18-2010
20100144930OXIDATION RESISTANT HIGHLY-CROSSLINKED UHMWPE - The present invention relates to highly cross-linked UHMWPE, which is possessed of an improved oxidation resistance, as well as a method for making the same. The UHMWPE material of the current invention is combined with an anti-oxidant compound or a free-radical scavenger prior to formation. Once the UHMWPE with the added material has been formed and treated with gamma or electron beam irradiation, it shows an improved wear resistance and also a good resistance to oxidation. Such a material, is particularly interesting for the field of making replacement joint implants.06-10-2010
20110112646ULTRA HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE FOR BEARING SURFACES - A prosthetic device may comprise an insert having a first surface configured to contact a first prosthetic component and a bearing surface configured to articulate against a second prosthetic component. The insert comprises an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and vitamin E. The vitamin E may have a concentration in the range of 0.02 to 0.12 wt % first mixed with the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and then molded with the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene at a temperature greater than the melting point of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and vitamin E may be gamma irradiated with a dosage of radiation between 5 and 20 Mrad. The insert may be machined prior to gamma irradiating the insert in air such that the gamma irradiation, at suitably high dosages, may also sterilize the insert.05-12-2011
20110116968OXIDATION RESISTANT HIGHLY-CROSSLINKED UHMWPE - The present invention relates to highly cross-linked UHMWPE, which is possessed of an improved oxidation resistance, as well as a method for making the same. The UHMWPE material of the current invention is combined with an anti-oxidant compound or a free-radical scavenger prior to formation. Once the UHMWPE with the added material has been formed and treated with gamma or electron bean irradiation, it shows an improved wear resistance and also a good resistance to oxidation. Such a material, is particularly interesting for the field of making replacement joint implants.05-19-2011
20110180948COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING COMPOSITIONS - A method for obtaining a composition of at least two components, comprising the steps of: providing at least one first fluid component; providing at least one second solid component and processing it so that the first component can diffuse into the second component; and diffusing the first component into the second component. A composition prepared by such a method.07-28-2011
20120046380SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF BLENDING MULTIPLE ADDITIVES IN UHMWPE - Oxidation resistant crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is described, wherein at least two different additives in the manufacture synergistically increase the oxidation resistance of crosslinked UHMWPE. This allows the manufacture of oxidation resistant crosslinked UHMWPE using lower levels of additives and/or lower levels of crosslinking irradiation or chemicals. The lower levels of additives and/or crosslinking produce crosslinked UHMWPE having desired physical properties not possible without the synergistic interaction of the additives. This crosslinked UHMWPE may be used in medical prostheses such as in bearing components having desired physical properties such as wear resistance and oxidation resistance not possible without the synergistic interaction of the additives.02-23-2012
20120129948MEDICAL IMPLANT PRODUCING WEAR PARTICLES WITH BENIGN BODY RESPONSE - A substance, which contains anti-inflammatory substances, anti-microbial substances, anti-tumor substances, anti-viral substances, and/or bone stimulating substances, as an additive, can be added to an UHMWPE material for the production of a medical implant for imparting benign body response properties to the medical implant.05-24-2012

Patent applications by Lorenz Brunner, Zurich CH

Martin Brunner, Wallbach CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100234494Reversibly thermochromic compositions - A reversible thermochromic system comprising a) a compound of the formula (I) or a tautomer thereof (I) wherein R09-16-2010
20110180767Reversibly thermochromic compositions - A reversible thermochromic system comprising a) a compound of the formula (IA) or a tautomer thereof or a compound of the formula (IB) or a tautomer thereof (IA) (IB) wherein R07-28-2011
20110254204METHOD OF MODIFYING GLOSS WITH MODIFIED POLYMERS AND RELATED PRODUCTS AND USES - The present invention relates to methods of modulating the gloss of plastics materials and products made from them, such as articles in the automotive industry e.g. for the interior of automobiles, as well as the use of certain additives for that purpose and related invention embodiments. The modulating comprises adding a modified polymer as matting agent to a polymer composition used as polymer substrate for the articles.10-20-2011
20110263733METHOD OF MODIFYING GLOSS WITH SILICA ADDITIVES AND RELATED PRODUCTS AND USES - The present invention relates to methods of modulating the gloss of moulded plastics products, such as articles in the automotive industry e.g. for the interior of automobiles, as well as the use of certain additives for that purpose and related invention embodiments. The modulating comprises adding at least one silica additive to a polymer composition used as polymer substrate for the moulded articles.10-27-2011
20110301265METHOD OF IMPROVING SCRATCH RESISTANCE AND RELATED PRODUCTS AND USES - The present invention relates to methods of improving the scratch resistance of plastics materials and products made from them, such as articles in the automotive industry e.g. for the interior of automobiles, as well as the use of certain additives for that purpose and related invention embodiments. The improving comprises adding a friction modifier, and in addition a grafted polymer and a fatty acid amide, to a rubber modified polyolefin composition used as polymer substrate for the articles.12-08-2011

Patent applications by Martin Brunner, Wallbach CH

Martin Brunner, Lauterbrunnen CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090072562LOAD HOOK ARRANGEMENT - A load hook arrangement includes a carrying element for the load, which is pivotable between a dosed position and an open position, a first blocking element, which is pivotable between a blocking position for blocking the carrying element in its closed position and a releasing position for allowing the carrying element to pivot into its open position, and a pivoting mechanism for pivoting the carrying element into its open position, wherein the load hook arrangement further includes a second blocking element, for blocking the carrying element in its closed position. This second blocking element can be in particular a magnet brake acting on the pivoting mechanism. Furthermore, the load hook arrangement can include a third blocking element for blocking the movement of the first blocking element. This third blocking element can be in particular an eccentric.03-19-2009

Patrick Brunner, Zuerich CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100013864APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR COLOR SHIFT COMPENSATION IN DISPLAYS - Active matrix display module (01-21-2010

Peter Brunner, Muri Bei Bern CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090317768IMPLANT, METHOD OF PREPARING AN IMPLANT, IMPLANTATION METHOD, AND KIT OF PARTS - An implant according to the invention includes first thermoplastic material portions, and second thermoplastic material portions liquefiable by mechanical vibrations and being in contact with the first thermoplastic material portions, wherein the second thermoplastic material portions preferably constitute at least a part of a surface of the implant, and wherein the first thermoplastic material portions have a glass transition temperature above an implantation temperature (about 20° C. to 40° C.), and wherein the second thermoplastic material portions either have a glass transition temperature below said implantation temperature or include means for transforming non-mechanical energy into heat.12-24-2009

Philipp Brunner, Baden CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110103970STEAM TURBINE WITH RELIEF GROOVE ON THE ROTOR - A steam turbine is provided having a relief groove which is arranged in the region of the equalizing piston and extends in the circumferential direction of the rotor. The relief groove, with regard to an inlet passage, is arranged in the axial upstream direction so that it is arranged on the rotor outside a region in which the steam flow enters the bladed flow path via the inlet passage. The relief groove, with regard to the first blade row, is arranged in a region in which the greatest thermal stresses can arise in the rotor. As an option, the relief groove has a cover for reducing vortex flows, and also devices for reducing heating of the groove or devices for active cooling. The steam turbine allows an increased number of risk-free running up and running down operations of the steam turbine with minimum detriment to the turbine performance.05-05-2011

Raphael Brunner, Biel CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090005798Tool-Holder Instrument - The invention concerns a handle-shaped tool-holder instrument comprising a drive shaft (01-01-2009

Severin Brunner, Steckborn CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100199900HOLDING DEVICE FOR A TOOL FOR PROCESSING A TEXTILE OR NON-TEXTILE SHEET MATERIAL FOR A SEWING MACHINE - A holding device (08-12-2010
20120234221ACTIVATION DEVICE FOR A PATH AND TIME DEPENDENT MOTION OF A THREAD CUTTING AND LEAD-IN STITCHING UNIT - The activation for a path and time related motion of a thread cutting and lead-in stitching unit (09-20-2012
20130055940METHOD FOR CUTTING THE LOWER AND AT LEAST ONE UPPER THREAD AND A METHOD FOR LEAD-IN STITCHING AS WELL AS A DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD - A method for cutting the lower and at least one upper thread for lead-in embroidering or lead-in sewing is performed with a device including thread catchers (03-07-2013

Patent applications by Severin Brunner, Steckborn CH

Tobias Brunner, Zuerich CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120116490BALLOON CATHETER, IN PARTICULAR FOR DELIVERING DRUGS OR STENTS IN THE REGION OF A STENOSIS - A balloon catheter, in particular for delivering medicaments, stents or medicament-coated stents in the region of a stenosis, comprising 05-10-2012

Tobias Brunner, Zurich CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20100196440Implant Material - The present relates to the field of dental and bone surgery. In particular, the invention relates to fibrous pharmaceutical compositions; fibrous webs, yarns and woven fabrics of such pharmaceutical compositions; to implant material essentially consisting of fibrous pharmaceutical compositions; to the manufacturing and use of such fibers/webs/implant materials.08-05-2010

Vincent Brunner, Les Reussilles CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20090251999PUSH-BUTTON CONTROL DEVICE FOR A WATCH - The push-button control device for a watch includes a push-button stem (10-08-2009
20110259049BRACELET WITH ARTICULATED LINKS - A bracelet with links articulated to each other like a hinge, includes first links provided with a male hinge part pierced by a first through hole, second links provided with a female hinge part pierced by second and third through hole, the first, second and third holes forming an alignment when a male hinge part is engaged in a female hinge part. The bracelet further includes pins occupying the hole alignments, and axial locking elements for the pins formed of a first radially elastic tube and a second tube, axially locked in the first through holes, the pins being driven inside the first slit tubes. The first and second tubes include an annular end via which the tubes are secured to each other so as to preserve the radial elasticity of the first tube.10-27-2011

Patent applications by Vincent Brunner, Les Reussilles CH

Willi Brunner, Wiesendangen CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20110007599DEVICE FOR GASSING LIQUIDS - The invention relates to a method for gassing liquids, in particular for aerating water, wherein gas is fed to a mixing tube (01-13-2011
20120261336GROUND WATER PURIFICATION PLANT BASED ON BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION AND REDUCTION PROCESSED - The present invention relates to an artificial aquifer for decreasing the contents of metals, metalloids, nitrate, nitrite, pesticides and organic micro contaminants in natural ground water or artificial infiltrated groundwater from surface water. The system comprising a basin of filling material creating a reaction zone, a feeding line, one or more satellite wells, at least one main well and a pumping well, whereby the feeding line is applied in the upper outer periphery of the basin and wherein the main well is connected to a pumping well via a bottom outflow provided with a regulating valve to maintain a given level of water in the aquifer. The invention further relates to a method for purifying water.10-18-2012

Yann Brunner, Nuvilly CH

Patent application numberDescriptionPublished
20120228327DISPENSER PRODUCING BEVERAGES FROM POWDER - A dispensing machine for producing beverages from a beverage ingredient powder comprising: a diluent supply member, a powder storing member, a dosing member for metering a dose of powder from the powder storing member, a guide for delivering the dose of powder from the dosing member to a container, and a valve that is able to close or open the bottom extremity of the guide.09-13-2012