Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090110736 | ALLOPLASTIC INJECTABLE DERMAL FILLER AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF - A composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent is provided. A method of making a composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, said method comprising admixing a biocompatible and pliable material with a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, is also provided. A method of augmenting soft tissue to provide long-term reduction of a skin defect, said method comprising stimulating collagen beneath the skin defect is further provided. In an embodiment of the method of augmenting soft tissue, the stimulation of collagen production is effected by injecting into the deep reticular dermis an a dermal filler, said dermal filler being an alloplastic injectable suspension and comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent. | 04-30-2009 |
20100285078 | ALLOPLASTIC INJECTABLE DERMAL FILLER AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF - A composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent is provided. A method of making a composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, said method comprising admixing a biocompatible and pliable material with a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, is also provided. A method of augmenting soft tissue to provide long-term reduction of a skin defect, said method comprising stimulating collagen beneath the skin defect is further provided. In an embodiment of the method of augmenting soft tissue, the stimulation of collagen production is effected by injecting into the deep reticular dermis and a dermal filler, said dermal filler being an alloplastic injectable suspension and comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent. | 11-11-2010 |
20100322982 | ALLOPLASTIC INJECTABLE DERMAL FILLER AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF - A composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent is provided. A method of making a composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, said method comprising admixing a biocompatible and pliable material with a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, is also provided. A method of augmenting soft tissue to provide long-term reduction of a skin defect, said method comprising stimulating collagen beneath the skin defect is further provided. In an embodiment of the method of augmenting soft tissue, the stimulation of collagen production is effected by injecting into the deep reticular dermis an a dermal filler, said dermal filler being an alloplastic injectable suspension and comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent. | 12-23-2010 |
20110165210 | ALLOPLASTIC INJECTABLE DERMAL FILLER AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF - A composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent is provided. A method of making a composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, said method comprising admixing a biocompatible and pliable material with a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, is also provided. A method of augmenting soft tissue to provide long-term reduction of a skin defect, said method comprising stimulating collagen beneath the skin defect is further provided. In an embodiment of the method of augmenting soft tissue, the stimulation of collagen production is effected by injecting into the deep reticular dermis an a dermal filler, said dermal filler being an alloplastic injectable suspension and comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent. | 07-07-2011 |
20120189667 | METHOD FOR REPAIRING OR REPLACING DAMAGED TISSUE - A method for repairing or replacing damaged tissue, or for providing post-surgical augmentation, comprising administering a pliable biocompatible material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent to a patient is disclosed. Copolymers of unsubstituted acrylate and substituted acrylate are disclosed as pliable biocompatible materials. | 07-26-2012 |
20120207792 | INJECTABLE FILLER FOR PODIATRIC AND ORTHOPEDIC USES - A podiatric filler composition comprising a pliable biocompatible material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent. The podiatric filler compositions may be used in methods for treating fat pad atrophy, foot pain, plantar faciitis, metatarsalgia, injury, and rheumatoid arthritis. | 08-16-2012 |
20130089580 | ALLOPLASTIC INJECTABLE DERMAL FILLER AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF - A composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent is provided. A method of making a composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, said method comprising admixing a biocompatible and pliable material with a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, is also provided. A method of augmenting soft tissue to provide long-term reduction of a skin defect, said method comprising stimulating collagen beneath the skin defect is further provided. In an embodiment of the method of augmenting soft tissue, the stimulation of collagen production is effected by injecting into the deep reticular dermis an a dermal filler, said dermal filler being an alloplastic injectable suspension and comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent. | 04-11-2013 |
20130142850 | ALLOPLASTIC INJECTABLE DERMAL FILLER AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF - A composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent is provided. A method of making a composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, said method comprising admixing a biocompatible and pliable material with a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, is also provided. A method of augmenting soft tissue to provide long-term reduction of a skin defect, said method comprising stimulating collagen beneath the skin defect is further provided. In an embodiment of the method of augmenting soft tissue, the stimulation of collagen production is effected by injecting into the deep reticular dermis an a dermal filler, said dermal filler being an alloplastic injectable suspension and comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent. | 06-06-2013 |
20140186416 | METHOD FOR REPAIRING OR REPLACING DAMAGED TISSUE - A method for repairing or replacing damaged tissue, or for providing post-surgical augmentation, comprising administering a pliable biocompatible material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent to a patient is disclosed. Copolymers of unsubstituted acrylate and substituted acrylate are disclosed as pliable biocompatible materials. | 07-03-2014 |
20140186418 | METHOD FOR REPAIRING OR REPLACING DAMAGED TISSUE - A method for repairing or replacing damaged tissue, or for providing post-surgical augmentation, comprising administering a pliable biocompatible material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent to a patient is disclosed. Copolymers of unsubstituted acrylate and substituted acrylate are disclosed as pliable biocompatible materials. | 07-03-2014 |
20150024061 | ALLOPLASTIC INJECTABLE DERMAL FILLER AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF - A composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent is provided. A method of making a composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, said method comprising admixing a biocompatible and pliable material with a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, is also provided. A method of augmenting soft tissue to provide long-term reduction of a skin defect, said method comprising stimulating collagen beneath the skin defect is further provided. In an embodiment of the method of augmenting soft tissue, the stimulation of collagen production is effected by injecting into the deep reticular dermis an a dermal filler, said dermal filler being an alloplastic injectable suspension and comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent. | 01-22-2015 |
20150118274 | ALLOPLASTIC INJECTABLE DERMAL FILLER AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF - A composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent is provided. A method of making a composition comprising an alloplastic injectable suspension for use as a dermal filler comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, said method comprising admixing a biocompatible and pliable material with a physiologically acceptable suspending agent, is also provided. A method of augmenting soft tissue to provide long-term reduction of a skin defect, said method comprising stimulating collagen beneath the skin defect is further provided. In an embodiment of the method of augmenting soft tissue, the stimulation of collagen production is effected by injecting into the deep reticular dermis an a dermal filler, said dermal filler being an alloplastic injectable suspension and comprising a biocompatible and pliable material and a physiologically acceptable suspending agent. | 04-30-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100097119 | GALLIUM NITRIDE SWITCH METHODOLOGY - Devices and systems for using a Gallium Nitride-based (GaN-based) transistor for selectively switching signals are provided. A first transmission line is configured to connect a common connection and a first connection. A first Gallium-Nitride-based (GaN-based) transistor has a first terminal coupled to the first transmission line at a first point, a second terminal coupled to a relative ground, and a third terminal configured to be coupled to a first control connection. A second GaN-based transistor has a first terminal coupled to the first transmission line at a second point, a second terminal configured to be coupled to the relative ground, and a third terminal configured to be coupled to the first control connection. | 04-22-2010 |
20120211800 | GaN HEMTs with a Back Gate Connected to the Source - The present invention reduces the dynamic on resistance in the channel layer of a GaN device by etching a void in the nucleation and buffer layers between the gate and the drain. This void and the underside of the device substrate may be plated to form a back gate metal layer. The present invention increases the device breakdown voltage by reducing the electric field strength from the gate to the drain of a HEMT. This electric field strength is reduced by placing a back gate metal layer below the active region of the channel. The back gate metal layer may be in electrical contact with the source or drain. | 08-23-2012 |
20130001646 | ALGaN/GaN HYBRID MOS-HFET - A field effect transistor (FET) includes source and drain electrodes, a channel layer, a barrier layer over the channel layer, a passivation layer covering the barrier layer for passivating the barrier layer, a gate electrode extending through the barrier layer and the passivation layer, and a gate dielectric surrounding a portion of the gate electrode that extends through the barrier layer and the passivation layer, wherein the passivation layer is a first material and the gate dielectric is a second material, and the first material is different than the second material. | 01-03-2013 |
20130026495 | III-Nitride Metal Insulator Semiconductor Field effect Transistor - A field effect transistor (FET) includes a III-Nitride channel layer, a III-Nitride barrier layer on the channel layer, wherein the barrier layer has an energy bandgap greater than the channel layer, a source electrode electrically coupled to one of the III-Nitride layers, a drain electrode electrically coupled to one of the III-Nitride layers, a gate insulator layer stack for electrically insulating a gate electrode from the barrier layer and the channel layer, the gate insulator layer stack including an insulator layer, such as SiN, and an AlN layer, the gate electrode in a region between the source electrode and the drain electrode and in contact with the insulator layer, and wherein the AlN layer is in contact with one of the III-Nitride layers. | 01-31-2013 |
20130313560 | NON-UNIFORM TWO DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS PROFILE IN III-NITRIDE HEMT DEVICES - A HEMT device has a substrate; a buffer layer disposed above the substrate; a carrier supplying layer disposed above the buffer layer; a gate element penetrating the carrier supplying layer; and a drain element disposed on the carrier supplying layer. The carrier supplying layer has a non-uniform thickness between the gate element and the drain element, the carrier supplying layer having a relatively greater thickness adjacent the drain element and a relatively thinner thickness adjacent the gate element. A non-uniform two-dimensional electron gas conduction channel is formed in the carrier supplying layer, the two-dimensional electron gas conduction channel having a non-uniform profile between the gate and drain elements. | 11-28-2013 |
20130313611 | A NON-UNIFORM LATERAL PROFILE OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS CHARGE DENSITY IN TYPE III NITRIDE HEMT DEVICES USING ION IMPLANTATION THROUGH GRAY SCALE MASK - A high electron mobility field effect transistor (HEMT) includes a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the drift region between the gate and the drain that has a non-uniform lateral 2DEG distribution that increases in a direction in the drift region from the gate to the drain. | 11-28-2013 |
20130313612 | HEMT GaN DEVICE WITH A NON-UNIFORM LATERAL TWO DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS PROFILE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME - A high electron mobility field effect transistor (HEMT) having a substrate, a channel layer on the substrate and a barrier layer on the channel layer includes a stress inducing layer on the barrier layer, the stress inducing layer varying the piezo-electric effect in the barrier layer in a drift region between a gate and a drain. A two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) has a non-uniform lateral distribution in the drift region between the gate and the drain. | 11-28-2013 |
20130328061 | NORMALLY-OFF GALLIUM NITRIDE TRANSISTOR WITH INSULATING GATE AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME - A normally-off transistor includes a channel layer, an electron supply layer overlaying the channel layer, a source electrode and a drain electrode on the electron supply layer, an area in the electrode supply layer between the source electrode and the drain electrode treated with a fluoride based plasma followed by a chlorine based plasma treatment, a gate insulator overlaying the area, and a gate electrode overlaying the gate insulator. | 12-12-2013 |
20140051221 | CONTROLLING LATERAL TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON HOLE GAS HEMT IN TYPE III NITRIDE DEVICES USING ION IMPLANTATION THROUGH GRAY SCALE MASK - A high electron mobility field effect transistor (HEMT) includes a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the drift region between the gate and the drain that has a non-uniform lateral 2DEG distribution that increases in a direction in the drift region from the gate to the drain. | 02-20-2014 |
20150014700 | VERTICAL III-NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE WITH A VERTICALLY FORMED TWO DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS - A HEMT device comprising a III-Nitride material substrate, the surface of which follows a plane that is not parallel to the C-plane of the III-Nitride material; an epitaxial layer of III-Nitride material grown on said substrate; a recess etched in said epitaxial layer, having at least one plane wall parallel to a polar plane of the III-Nitride material; a carrier supply layer formed on a portion of the plane wall of the recess, such that a 2DEG region is formed along the portion of the plane wall of the recess; a doped source region formed at the surface of said epitaxial layer such that the doped source region is separated from said 2DEG region by a channel region of the epitaxial layer; a gate insulating layer formed on the channel region of the epitaxial layer; and a gate contact layer formed on the gate insulating layer. | 01-15-2015 |
20150116022 | REDUCTION OF THE INDUCTANCE OF POWER LOOP AND GATE LOOP IN A HALF-BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH VERTICAL CURRENT LOOPS - A half bridge circuit including an isolation substrate, a metal layer on one surface of the isolation substrate, a power loop substrate on the metal layer, an upper switch on the power loop substrate, a lower switch on the power loop substrate and coupled to the upper switch, a capacitor on the power loop substrate and coupled to the upper switch, a first via through the power loop substrate and coupled between the lower switch and the metal layer, and a second via through the power loop substrate and coupled between the capacitor and the metal layer, wherein the power loop substrate has a height and separates the metal layer from the upper switch, lower switch and capacitor by the height. | 04-30-2015 |
20150349117 | III-NITRIDE INSULATING-GATE TRANSISTORS WITH PASSIVATION - A field-effect transistor (FET) includes a plurality of semiconductor layers, a source electrode and a drain electrode contacting one of the semiconductor layers, a first dielectric layer on a portion of a top semiconductor surface between the source and drain electrodes, a first trench extending through the first dielectric layer and having a bottom located on a top surface or within one of the semiconductor layers, a second dielectric layer lining the first trench and covering a portion of the first dielectric layer, a third dielectric layer over the semiconductor layers, the first dielectric layer, and the second dielectric layer, a second trench extending through the third dielectric layer and having a bottom located in the first trench on the second dielectric layer and extending over a portion of the second dielectric, and a gate electrode filling the second trench. | 12-03-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100238788 | Connection verification for MPLS label switched paths and pseudowires - In one embodiment, a connection verification (CV) message is initiated from an initiating maintenance end point (MEP) for an MPLS LSP, the CV message carried in a packet having a time-to-live (TTL) value of 1. Each maintenance intermediate point (MIP) along the MPLS LSP receives the packet and decrements the TTL, and in response to determining that the TTL equals 0, examines a payload of the packet to determine that the packet carries the CV message. The MIP may then append its MIP ID to a route record field of the payload having any previous MIP IDs of upstream MIPs, and forwards the CV message downstream along the MPLS LSP in a packet having a TTL value of 1. The end MEP receives the CV message, and sends a CV reply having the route record field with MIP IDs and an end MEP ID to the initiating MEP. | 09-23-2010 |
20100238795 | Restoring multi-segment pseudowires following failure of a switching PE device - In one embodiment, a protected switching provider edge (S-PE) and a backup S-PE may be operated, where the protected S-PE has at least one multi-segment pseudowire (MS-PW) and is between a first and second provider edge (PE) on the MS-PW. To protect the protected S-PE, the first and second PE may be informed of the backup S-PE and a backup label to reach the second and first PE, respectively, via the backup S-PE to remain on the MS-PW. Upon detecting loss of connectivity with the protected S-PE, the first and/or second PE may forward packets of the MS-PW to the backup S-PE with the corresponding backup label to reach the second or first PE, respectively, on the MS-PW. | 09-23-2010 |
20100238812 | Operating MPLS label switched paths and MPLS pseudowire in loopback mode - In one embodiment, an initiating maintenance end point (MEP) may transmit a lock message to lock a circuit traversing one or more maintenance intermediate points (MIPs) between the initiating MEP and an end MEP. The initiating MEP may then transmit an in-band packet containing a loopback request to a particular MIP along the circuit using a particular time-to-live (TTL) value in the packet to reach the particular MIP. Upon receiving the packet at the particular MIP, and in response to determining that the TTL has expired, the particular MIP inspects the packet to discover the loopback request, and correspondingly operates in a loopback mode. | 09-23-2010 |
20110268130 | Coordinated Updating of Forwarding Information Bases in a Multistage Packet Switching Device - Disclosed are, inter alia, methods, apparatus, computer-storage media, mechanisms, and means associated with the coordinated updating of forwarding information bases (FIBs) in a multistage packet switching device, which performs at least lookup operations on multiple different FIBs in determining how to forward a packet. One embodiment uses lookup operations on two different FIBs, with these being an ingress FIB on an ingress line card and an egress FIB on an egress line card. In response to a change in the forwarding information for a stream of packets, the egress FIBs are first updated to include both the old and new forwarding information. After all egress FIBs have been updated, the ingress FIBs are updated to use the new forwarding information. This update procedure is designed to eliminate loss or duplication of packets induced during the updating of these FIBs to use the new forwarding information. | 11-03-2011 |
20110280121 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SUMMARIZING ALARM INDICATIONS IN A NETWORK ENVIRONMENT - An example method includes detecting a failure at a first network element, the failure is associated with a link between the first network element and a second network element. The method also includes generating a list of network elements to be notified based on the failure, the second network element is included on the list. The method further includes generating an alarm indication signal (AIS) message, the AIS message identifies a plurality of tunnels affected by the failure. The AIS message is communicated to the second network element. In more detailed embodiments, each link between the first network element and the second network element includes a globally unique link identifier, which includes an associated autonomous system number. The globally unique link identifier can represent a string to be associated with the plurality of tunnels, the globally unique link identifier includes a source address and a destination address. | 11-17-2011 |
20120002673 | Distributing Packets to Line Cards of a Packet Switching Device Based on Bridge Indication Values Received Therewith - A packet switching device maintains mappings of bridge identification values to line cards for each of multiple virtual bridges. When a packet is received that includes a bridge identification value, corresponding line card(s) are identified, with each being forwarded the packet. Each of these identified line cards, in response to receipt of the packet from the line card, determines whether to forward or drop the packet based on its maintained bridge table. In this manner, the original receiving line card does not need to maintain forwarding information based on destination addresses of received packets (e.g., does not need to maintain a bridge table for each virtual bridge), but rather forwards a packet to other line cards associated with the virtual bridge corresponding to the bridge identification value received in a packet. | 01-05-2012 |
20120036279 | DISTRIBUTED CONNECTIVITY VERIFICATION PROTOCOL REDUNDANCY - In one embodiment, a connectivity verification protocol (CVP) session for a particular virtual interface (VI) may operate on a particular group of two or more line cards (LCs) on a network device. The group of LCs may then transmit CVP session packets, at a reduced rate that is sufficient to maintain the CVP session based on a negotiated CVP full rate, onto the particular VI through ingress path processing on the network device. Ingress path processing, in particular, takes transmitted CVP session packets and egresses them onto an appropriate LC of the network device currently responsible for the VI egress. Also, in response to receiving CVP session packets for the VI on an LC of the network device currently responsible for the VI ingress, the receiving LC may forward the received CVP session packets to the particular corresponding group of LCs, which may then process the received CVP session packets. | 02-09-2012 |
20120198064 | USING CONTEXT LABELS TO SCALE MAC TABLES ON COMPUTER NETWORK EDGE DEVICES - In one embodiment, an access component of a local network edge device receives traffic, and generates a frame for the traffic that includes a remote context label that identifies an access component of the remote network edge device to which the traffic is to be forwarded upon arrival at the remote network edge device, and a virtual circuit label corresponding to a particular virtual service of the traffic. The local network edge device forwards the frame towards the remote network edge device. In another embodiment, the frame may be received at a core component of the remote network edge device, an in response to the remote context label identifying an access component of the remote network edge device, forwarded to the access component, which determines the particular virtual service, and forwards the traffic from the frame out the access component towards an endpoint for the traffic. | 08-02-2012 |
20120213222 | Single-homing and Active-Active Multi-homing in a Virtual Private LAN Service - In one embodiment, single-homing and active-active multi-homing is provided in a Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS). A customer edge node actively communicates frames of a same Virtual Private Network (VPN) instance with two or more VPLS nodes of a VPLS network. The VPLS nodes are configured to appropriately forward frames throughout the VPLS network: without looping of a frame sent by the same external node back to the same external node, without flooding multiple copies of a frame to the same external node, and while performing learning of addresses in forwarding tables of said VPLS nodes such that said forwarding tables of said VPLS nodes converge despite frames of the same LAN service being received by said at least two of said VPLS nodes from the same external node. | 08-23-2012 |
20120230335 | TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION ACROSS A PLURALITY OF ATTACHMENT CIRCUITS OF A MULTIHOMED SITE - In one embodiment, an edge device of a core network may receive a plurality of packets from a peripheral network having a plurality of active connections to the core network, where each packet has a destination address and a source address. The edge device may compute a hash on the destination address or the source address of each packet, and determine whether the computed hash corresponds to the edge device. In response to the computed hash not corresponding to the edge device, the edge device may drop the packet, and in response to the computed hash corresponding to the edge device, the edge device may process the packet to forward the packet, where the dropping and processing load balances the plurality of packets over the active connections and prevents formation of loops in the core network. | 09-13-2012 |
20120257629 | Termination of a Pseudowires on Multiple Line Cards - In one embodiment, line cards of packet switching or other network devices are configured for terminating pseudowires. Typically, this includes multiple line cards being configured for terminating a same pseudowire, which allows the corresponding pseudowire traffic to be received by any one of these multiple line cards. Each of these pseudowire-terminating line cards is typically configured to apply one or more features to a pseudowire packet. Examples of these features include, but are not limited to: Access Control List, Quality of Service, Netflow, and Lawful Intercept. For a received packet to be sent out one of these pseudowires, a two-stage lookup operation can be used to first identify the pseudowire over which to forward the packet; and a second lookup operation based on the pseudowire to identify forwarding information corresponding to a path through a network over which a corresponding pseudowire is configured. | 10-11-2012 |
20130070764 | Establishing a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Asynchronous Mode Session without Knowing A Priori Layer-2 or Layer-3 Information - In one embodiment, a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) asynchronous mode session is established between two packet switching devices interconnected by one or more physical links. Prior to L2 or L3 services being established, each of these packet switching devices does not know the Media Access Control (MAC) nor Internet Protocol (IP) addresses of each interface of the other packet switching device that is connected to one of these link(s). A request to establish a BFD session is sent from one packet switching device to the other, with a MAC frame including the request being addressed to a group, broadcast, or other address that the receiving packet switching device will recognize and thus process the received request. Based on information contained in this received MAC frame, the receiving packet switching device has the information it needs, and sends a BFD control frame to the other packet switching device. | 03-21-2013 |
20130148489 | CONNECTION VERIFICATION FOR MPLS LABEL SWITCHED PATHS AND PSEUDOWIRES - In one embodiment, a maintenance intermediate point (MIP) receives a packet traveling along a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) label switched path (LSP) that extends from a first maintenance end point (MEP) to a second MEP. The receiving MIP decrements a time-to-live (TTL) value in a header of the packet. In response the TTL value in the header of the packet equaling a particular value, the receiving MIP examines an associated channel header (ACH) field in an operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) message stored in a payload of the packet, and determines a particular OAM function to perform based on a code in the ACH field. The receiving MIP performs the particular OAM function. | 06-13-2013 |
20130148657 | MECHANISM FOR E-VPN INTEROPERABILITY WITH VPLS - In one embodiment, a network device in a set of network devices obtains a pseudowire label for a Provider Edge (PE) device, where the pseudowire label corresponds to a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) on the PE device. In addition, the network device obtains a set of one or more MAC addresses reachable via the PE device, wherein the set of network devices support Ethernet Virtual Private Network (E-VPN) and are in the same redundancy group such that the set of network devices are coupled to the same customer edge device. The network device stores the pseudowire label in association with the set of one or more MAC addresses. The network device uses the pseudowire label to encapsulate traffic associated with the VLAN that is received from the customer edge device and destined to the set of MAC addresses reachable via the PE device. | 06-13-2013 |
20130155877 | OPERATING MPLS LABEL SWITCHED PATHS AND MPLS PSEUDOWIRE IN LOOPBACK MODE - In one embodiment, a circuit that extends between a head-end label switching router (LSR) and a tail-end LSR and traverses one or more intermediate LSRs is locked to data plane traffic. The head-end LSR transmits a packet along the circuit that includes a particular time-to-live (TTL) value configured to expire at a particular intermediate LSR at which loopback is to occur. The circuit is used in a loopback mode. The head-end LSR transmits along the circuit a packet that includes a cease loopback request. The circuit ceases to be used in the loopback mode. The circuit is unlocked to permit the circuit to pass data plane traffic. | 06-20-2013 |
20130201986 | STITCHING MULTICAST TREES - Techniques for stitching multicast trees in a multiple data center environment. According to one embodiment, a technique for stitching multicast trees is provided, which includes determining, at an edge device of a data center, one or more Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) assigned to the edge device as a result of a designated forwarder election. An assigned forwarder message is sent by the edge device to one or more devices on the data center, the assigned forwarder message advertising the edge device as a designated forwarder for the VLANs assigned to the edge device. For each of the VLANs assigned to the edge device, the assigned forwarder message causes the edge device to be included in a multicast tree for the VLAN when the assigned forwarder message is received by specific ones of the devices in the data center that are associated with the VLAN. | 08-08-2013 |
20130235876 | MANAGING HIERARCHICAL ETHERNET SEGMENTS - In one embodiment, a method includes determining when a predetermined period of time has elapsed, and determining whether at least a first message has been obtained on a first port of a node during the predetermined period of time when it is determined that the predetermined period of time has elapsed. The method also includes identifying the first port as being connected to a single-homed site when it is determined that the at least first message has not been obtained on the first port during the predetermined period of time. The first port is identified as being connected to a multi-homed network, a multi-homed device, or a hierarchical Ethernet segment when it is determined that the at least first message has been obtained on the first port during the predetermined period of time. | 09-12-2013 |
20130254359 | ADDRESS RESOLUTION SUPPRESSION FOR DATA CENTER INTERCONNECT - An example method is provided that includes determining whether an address resolution protocol reply from a local machine has been received at an edge node; updating a local cache based on the reply from the local machine; and sending the reply to a plurality of edge nodes through a data plane of a data center interconnect. In more specific implementations, the method can include determining whether an address resolution protocol request has been received from the local machine. The method could also include updating a local machine cache based on the request. In certain implementations, the method can include determining whether the request is targeting the local machine; and dropping the request if the request is targeting the local machine. The method could also include sending the request through the data center interconnect if the request is not targeting the local machine. | 09-26-2013 |
20140112124 | Protection of a Bidirectional Label Switched Path - In one embodiment, a primary bidirectional LSP is established between an originating LSP packet switching device and a destination LSP packet switching device through an intermediate packet switching device. A corresponding backup LSP is also established. The originating LSP packet switching device sends a particular label switched packet to the destination LSP packet switching device over the primary bidirectional LSP. An intermediate packet switching device sends the particular label switched packet back to the originating LSP packet switching device over the primary bidirectional LSP in response to an error condition identified as affecting the primary bidirectional LSP towards the destination LSP packet switching device. The originating LSP packet switching device receives the particular label switched packet and sends it to the destination packet switching device over the backup LSP. | 04-24-2014 |
20140233369 | ETHERNET VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING FAST PROTECTION FOR ACCESS RINGS - In one embodiment, a method includes obtaining a first indication from a first source included in an Ethernet ring and obtaining a second indication from a second source associated with a provider edge (PE) node The method also includes determining when the first indication and the second indication are indicative of a direct failure of the PE node and determining when the first indication and the second indication are indicative of a ring partition failure associated with the Ethernet ring. The direct failure of the PE node is identified when it is determined that the first indication and the second indication are indicative of the direct failure of the PE node, and the ring partition failure associated with the Ethernet ring is identified when it is determined that the first indication and the second indication are indicative of the ring partition failure associated with the Ethernet ring. | 08-21-2014 |
20150071080 | REDUNDANCY FOR INTER-AS L2VPN SERVICE WITH OPTIMAL FORWARDING - In one embodiment, a particular autonomous system border router (ASBR), in a control-plane media access control (MAC) learning (CPML) network, discovers other ASBRs in the CPML network, the particular ASBR and other ASBRs interconnected with respective ASBRs of a data-plane MAC learning (DPML) network. The particular ASBR calculates one or more internal shortest path first (SPF) trees rooted respectively at each of the other ASBRs in the CPML network, and upon receiving a MAC advertisement route for a given MAC address with a given next-hop IP address, it may determine a distance from the particular and each other ASBR in the CPML network to the given IP address based on the internal SPF trees. In response to the distance from the particular ASBR being shorter than the distance from each other ASBR, the particular ASBR is designated as a designated forwarder (DF) for traffic sourced from the given MAC address. | 03-12-2015 |
20150085860 | DISTRIBUTED CONNECTIVITY VERIFICATION PROTOCOL REDUNDANCY - In one embodiment, a connectivity verification protocol (CVP) session for a particular virtual interface (VI) may operate on a particular group of two or more line cards (LCs) on a network device. The group of LCs may then transmit CVP session packets, at a reduced rate that is sufficient to maintain the CVP session based on a negotiated CVP full rate, onto the particular VI through ingress path processing on the network device. Ingress path processing, in particular, takes transmitted CVP session packets and egresses them onto an appropriate LC of the network device currently responsible for the VI egress. Also, in response to receiving CVP session packets for the VI on an LC of the network device currently responsible for the VI ingress, the receiving LC may forward the received CVP session packets to the particular corresponding group of LCs, which may then process the received CVP session packets. | 03-26-2015 |
20150092539 | DATA-PLANE DRIVEN FAST PROTECTION MECHANISM FOR MPLS PSEUDOWIRE SERVICES - In one embodiment, a source transmits one or more data packets to a destination over a primary pseudowire (PW). When a device on the primary PW detects a downstream failure of the primary PW, and in response to receiving one or more data packets from a source from the failed primary PW, the device adds a loopback packet identifier to the one or more received data packets, and returns the one or more data packets with the loopback packet identifier to the source upstream on the primary PW. Accordingly, in response to receiving the data packet returned with a loopback packet identifier from the primary PW (in response to the downstream failure), the source retransmits the one or more data packets to the destination over a backup PW. | 04-02-2015 |
20150092775 | USING CONTEXT LABELS TO SCALE MAC TABLES ON COMPUTER NETWORK EDGE DEVICES - In one embodiment, an access component of a local network edge device receives traffic, and generates a frame for the traffic that includes a remote context label that identifies an access component of the remote network edge device to which the traffic is to be forwarded upon arrival at the remote network edge device, and a virtual circuit label corresponding to a particular virtual service of the traffic. The local network edge device forwards the frame towards the remote network edge device. In another embodiment, the frame may be received at a core component of the remote network edge device, an in response to the remote context label identifying an access component of the remote network edge device, forwarded to the access component, which determines the particular virtual service, and forwards the traffic from the frame out the access component towards an endpoint for the traffic. | 04-02-2015 |
20150280940 | STITCHING MULTICAST TREES - Techniques for stitching multicast trees in a multiple data center environment. According to one embodiment, a technique for stitching multicast trees is provided, which includes determining, at an edge device of a data center, one or more Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) assigned to the edge device as a result of a designated forwarder election. An assigned forwarder message is sent by the edge device to one or more devices on the data center, the assigned forwarder message advertising the edge device as a designated forwarder for the VLANs assigned to the edge device. For each of the VLANs assigned to the edge device, the assigned forwarder message causes the edge device to be included in a multicast tree for the VLAN when the assigned forwarder message is received by specific ones of the devices in the data center that are associated with the VLAN. | 10-01-2015 |
20150281096 | E-TREE SERVICE WITH OPTIMAL FORWARDING IN EVPN - In one embodiment, when an ingress provider edge (PE) device of a computer network domain receives a frame at the ingress PE device destined to a destination media access control (MAC) address, it can determine whether the frame was received on a root or leaf Ethernet ingress segment, and also whether the destination MAC address is located via a root or leaf Ethernet segment. Accordingly, the ingress PE device may either drop or forward the frame based on the ingress Ethernet segment and destination MAC address Ethernet segment being either a root or a leaf, respectively. | 10-01-2015 |