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| 20080317515 | DEVELOPING ROLLER, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - A developing roller is provided having a surface that has excellent effect of suppressing exudation of low molecular weight substances from an elastic body, excellent toner release properties, and sufficient flexibility in which cracks do not easily occur even by repeated image formation. The developing roller carries and conveys toner to develop electrostatic latent images on a photosensitive drum with the toner and includes in this order a mandrel, an elastic layer, and a surface layer. The surface layer includes a silicon oxide film containing carbon atoms chemically bonded to silicon atoms. The silicon oxide film has an abundance ratio of oxygen atoms forming chemical bonds with silicon atoms to silicon atoms (O/Si) of 0.65 or more and 1.95 or less, and an abundance ratio of carbon atoms forming chemical bonds with silicon atoms to silicon atoms (C/Si) of 0.05 or more and 1.65 or less. | 12-25-2008 |
| 20090010684 | DEVELOPING ROLLER, DEVELOPING ASSEMBLY, PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - A developing roller is provided which is soft enough to enable toners to be kept from deteriorating with time and cannot easily cause permanent set. The developing roller includes a mandrel, an elastic-material layer and a cover layer as a surface layer which covers the elastic-material layer. Asker-C hardness at the surface of the cover layer is from 40° to 85°. The cover layer has a thickness of from 15 nm to 5,000 nm. Martens hardness H | 01-08-2009 |
| 20090061109 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC ROLLER MEMBER - A process for producing an electrophotographic roller member comprising a roller base member having a conductive mandrel and an elastic layer, and a film on the elastic layer. The process comprises the step of forming the film by plasma CVD. The step comprises the steps of: placing the roller base member in a chamber in such a way that the distance between the surface of the elastic layer and flat-plate electrodes is 20 mm or more to 100 mm or less; feeding a source gas into the chamber so as to have a pressure of from 13.3 Pa or more to 666.6 Pa or less; and applying to an electrode an electric power of from 0.3 W/cm | 03-05-2009 |
| 20100046989 | DEVELOPING ROLLER, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS COMPRISING THE DEVELOPING ROLLER - A developing roller has a surface layer which can effectively inhibit the bleeding of a low-molecular-weight component from an elastic layer, and can efficiently impart a high electric charge to a negatively chargeable toner, and is excellent in toner-releasing properties. The developing roller has a mandrel, at least one layer of an elastic layer provided on the mandrel and a surface layer provided on the elastic layer, carries and conveys a toner, and develops an electrostatic latent image on an opposing photosensitive member with the toner. The surface layer comprises a silicon compound film containing Si, N, C and H having specific total amounts of the existing elements Si, N, C and H, and specific ratios N/Si, C/Si, and H/Si. | 02-25-2010 |
| 20100068664 | DEVELOPING ROLLER, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE-FORMING APPARATUS - A developing roller has a mandrel, an elastic layer and a cover layer as a surface layer. The cover layer includes a silicon oxide film containing a carbon atom chemically bonded to a silicon atom. In the silicon oxide film, the proportion of the total number of the elements of silicon, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen to the number of all detected elements, as detected with a high-frequency glow discharge light-emission surface analysis method, is 90% or more. The silicon oxide film has an abundance ratio of an oxygen atom chemically bonded to a silicon atom to silicon atoms, (O/Si), of 0.65 or more but 1.95 or less and an abundance ratio of a carbon atom chemically bonded to a silicon atom to silicon atoms, (C/Si), of 0.05 or more but 1.65 or less, and has a ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value of the (C/Si) in a thickness direction of the cover layer, of 1.50 to 33.00. | 03-18-2010 |
| 20110091240 | DEVELOPING ROLLER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - The present invention can provide a developing roller which can form a stable image in wide ranging environments from a low temperature/low humidity environment to a high temperature/high humidity environment. The developing roller includes a surface layer comprising a silicon oxide film containing at least a carbon atom chemically bonded to a silicon atom, an oxygen atom chemically bonded to a silicon atom, and a fluorine atom chemically bonded to a silicon atom and/or a carbon atom, wherein the silicon oxide film has an abundance ratio of the fluorine atom to the silicon atom (F/Si), an abundance ratio of the oxygen atom forming a chemical bond to the silicon atom to the silicon atom (O/Si), and an abundance ratio of the carbon atom forming a chemical bond to the silicon atom to the silicon atom (C/Si) have values in particular ranges, respectively. | 04-21-2011 |
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| 20090047169 | ROLLED MATERIAL FOR FRACTURE SPLIT CONNECTING ROD EXCELLING IN FRACTURE SPLITTABILITY, HOT FORGED PART FOR FRACTURE SPLIT CONNECTING ROD EXCELLING IN FRACTURE SPLITTABILITY, AND FRACTURE SPLIT CONNECTING ROD - The present invention provides a rolled material having excellent fracture splitting characteristics and suitable for the manufacture of a connecting rod in which a through-hole section for assembly in a crankshaft is fracture split in substantially semicircles. Prescribed components are contained, an average aspect ratio of a sulfide-based inclusion as observed in a D/4 portion (D is the diameter of the rolled material) in a cross-section parallel to a longitudinal direction of the rod-shaped rolled material is not more than 10.0, a Pc indicated in Equation (1) below is between 0.41 and 0.75, and a Veq indicated in Equation (2) below is not less than 0.18 mass % | 02-19-2009 |
| 20100104468 | LOW-CARBON SULFUR-CONTAINING FREE-CUTTING STEEL WITH EXCELLENT CUTTABILITY - A low-carbon sulfur-containing free-cutting steel having excellent cuttability which contains 0.02-0.15 mass % C, NT up to 0.004 mass % Si (excluding 0 mass %), 0.6-3 mass % Mn, 0.02-0.2 mass % P, 0.2-1 mass % S, up to 0.005 mass % Al (excluding 0 mass %), 0.008-0.04 mass % 0, and 0.002-0.03 mass % N and in which the average oxygen concentration in the MnS is 0.4 mass % or higher. | 04-29-2010 |
| 20100266439 | STEEL FOR FRACTURE SPLITTING TYPE CONNECTING ROD - The present invention provides a steel for a fracture splitting type connecting rod, in which: the steel contains C: 0.25-0.5% (in mass %, the same is applied hereunder), Si: 0.01-2.0%, Mn: 0.50-2.0%, P: 0.015-0.080%, S: 0.01-0.2%, V: 0.02-0.20%, Cr: 0.05-1.0%, Ti: 0.01-0.10%, and N: 0.01% or less; an f-value represented by the expression shown below is in the range of 0.003 to 0.04; and the average aspect ratio of sulfide system inclusions is 15 or less, | 10-21-2010 |
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| 20090202277 | DEVELOPING DEVICE AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - A developing device facing an image carrier and including a developer carrier, a developer flying control member, and a development-noise control member. The developing device develops an electrostatic image formed on the image carrier by causing the developer to fly from the developer carrier to the image carrier upon an application of an alternating-current bias to the developer carrier. Noise produced by the development-noise control member vibrated by an oscillating electric field of the alternating-current bias is smaller than a noise produced by the developer flying control member vibrated by the oscillating electric field. | 08-13-2009 |
| 20090297212 | PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - A process cartridge and an image forming apparatus in which a charging roller is separated from a photosensitive drum by a predetermined distance and in which the separation between the charging roller and the photosensitive drum is released at the time of use without involving an increase in the burden on the user and erroneous releasing of the separation by user is prevented prior to use. The process cartridge, which is detachably mountable to the apparatus main body having an acting portion, includes a process cartridge frame, a locking portion locked with the frame to separate the charging roller from the photosensitive drum, a separation holding member having an acted portion which penetrates the frame and on which the acting portion can act, and a protruding portion provided on the frame and protruding beyond the acted portion at the position where the separation holding member is locked with the frame. | 12-03-2009 |
| 20090297219 | PROCESS CARTRIDGE - A member for performing separation holding of a developing roller of a process cartridge is provided at a position opposite from a photosensitive drum with respect to a swing center. A detachably mountable protective cover is mounted to the process cartridge and a projection of the protective cover is inserted between the photosensitive drum and a developing device frame which supports the developing roller. The projection of the protective cover is inserted in a non-contact state with the photosensitive drum and the developing device frame. | 12-03-2009 |
| 20110142487 | PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND DISASSEMBLING METHOD OF THE PROCESS CARTRIDGE - A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an image forming apparatus includes an image-bearing member on which an electrostatic image is to be formed; a first frame; a bearing member, detachably mountable to the first frame, for rotatably supporting the image-bearing member; a first hole provided in the bearing member; a first wall, provided on the first frame, in which a second hole is provided; a second frame for rotatably supporting a developer carrying member on which a developer for developing the electrostatic image is to be carried; a second wall, provided on the second frame, in which a third hole is provided; and a connecting member including a shaft portion penetrating through the first hole, the second hole and the third hole and tightly engaging in the second hole, and including a flange portion, provided at an end portion of the shaft portion, for preventing the bearing member from being detached from the first frame. | 06-16-2011 |
| 20110229196 | PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - A process cartridge includes a drum; a rotatable roller including a first shaft end portion and a second shaft end portion; a bearing member for rotatably supporting ends of a shaft of the rotatable roller; an urging member for urging the rotatable roller via the bearing member in a drum contact direction; a cartridge frame for rotatably supporting the drum and for movably holding the rotatable roller via the bearing member; a movable guide member movable in an axial direction of the shaft of the rotatable roller and including a first contact portion; and a fixed guide member including a second contact portion. At least one of the first contact portion and the first shaft end portion has an inclined surface inclined with respect to the axial direction of the rotatable roller, and at least one of the second contact portion and the second shaft end portion has an inclined surface inclined with respect to the axial direction of the rotatable roller. | 09-22-2011 |
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| 20080232418 | Surface Emitting Laser - A surface emitting laser includes a substrate, a first Bragg reflector layer formed on the substrate, an active layer formed on the first Bragg reflector layer and having a light-emitting region, a second Bragg reflector layer formed on the active layer to emit light from the surface in the direction of the optical axis (Z), and a light-scattering member for extracting light from the surface of the second Bragg reflector layer in a direction intersecting the optical axis. With this arrangement, the intensity of light emitted from the surface emitting laser in one direction can be monitored by a simple structure. | 09-25-2008 |
| 20080317476 | Vehicle-Mounted Optical Communication System and Vehicle-Mounted Optical Transmitter - A vehicle-mounted optical communication system, which uses an optical signal to perform data transmission, comprises a first optical transmitter and an optical receiver. The first optical transmitter, which is mounted on a vehicle, has a multiple quantum well structure, in which an active layer has a quantum well layer of In | 12-25-2008 |
| 20090028201 | OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND OPTICAL TRANSMITTER - An optical communication system for performing data transmission with optical signals comprises a first optical transmitter and a first optical receiver. The first optical transmitter has a first surface-emitting laser including an active layer of a multiple quantum well structure having a quantum well layer of In | 01-29-2009 |
| 20090080488 | SURFACE EMITTING LASER - A surface emitting laser including a semiconductor substrate, a semiconductor substrate, a first reflector formed on the semiconductor substrate, an active layer formed on the first reflector, a tunnel junction layer formed above a part of the active layer, a semiconductor spacer layer which covers the tunnel junction layer, a second reflector formed on the semiconductor spacer layer in a region above the tunnel junction layer, a first electrode formed in the periphery of the second reflector on the semiconductor spacer layer, and a second electrode electrically connected to a layer lower than the active layer, wherein a layer thickness of the semiconductor spacer layer in the region directly above the tunnel junction layer is thinner than the layer thickness of the semiconductor spacer layer in the region directly below the first electrode. | 03-26-2009 |
| 20100020835 | SURFACE EMITTING LASER - A surface emitting laser is provided with a first multilayer Bragg reflecting mirror including a first layer, a second multilayer Bragg reflecting mirror including a second layer, and an optical resonator unit that is held between these multilayer Bragg reflecting mirrors and includes an active layer. Further, the optical resonator unit contacts with the first layer and second layer respectively. The effective refraction index n | 01-28-2010 |
| 20100034233 | SURFACE-EMISSION TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR LASER - The present invention provides a surface-emission type semiconductor laser wherein an effective length of a cavity is reduced, thereby enabling to realize a higher-speed direct modulation. In the surface-emission type semiconductor laser according to the present invention, when supposing the optical path length (L) of a resonator part relative to a lasing wavelength λ | 02-11-2010 |
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| 20110129434 | MOISTURIZING AGENT - Disclosed is a moisturizing agent comprising a copolymer represented by formula (1). [In formula (1), A represents a substituent containing an oligosaccharide composed of 2 to 6 monosaccharide molecules bound to each other; B represents a group represented by formula (2); m and n represent numbers which meet the following equation m:n=9:1 to 1:9; and Z represents a hydrogen group, a methyl group or an ethyl group.] [In formula (2), X represents a saturated or unsaturated monocyclic or dicyclic ring having 5 to 10 ring-constituting members, or a molecule containing a nitrogen or an oxygen, provided that the ring may contain 1 to 3 atoms independently selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen, a sulfur and an oxygen; n represents a number of 0 or 1; Y represents —NHCO—, —CONH—, —NHCONH—, —NH—, —CO, or an alkyl group having 0 or more carbon atoms; and R represents a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which, if required, may be substituted by one or two hydroxy, mercapto, amino, cyano, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, phenyl, benzyl, heteroaryl, phenoxy, benzyloxy or heteroaryloxy groups.] | 06-02-2011 |
