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Abe, Tokyo

Akihiko Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090101265	PNEUMATIC TIRE - The present invention provides a pneumatic tire in which the rolling resistance can be reduced without reducing the wear resistance and the durability.	04-23-2009
20100218869	NON-PNEUMATIC TIRE - A plurality of connection members	09-02-2010
20100263777	TIRE AND TIRE-RIM ASSEMBLY - A tire which is adapted to be mounted on a rim, and which includes: a tube body which is made of a thermoplastic material and is adapted to be fit on an outer peripheral section of the rim; and a tread provided in an outer side of the tube body, in which the tube body is fixed to the outer peripheral section of the rim in a close contact manner with positive gas pressure inside the tube body.	10-21-2010
20110108173	NON-PNEUMATIC TIRE - In a non-pneumatic tire (	05-12-2011

Chikatoshi Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080217127	Shock absorber - In a shock absorber (D), a rod (	09-11-2008
20090108537	Check seal structure for hydraulic shock absorber - A check seal (	04-30-2009

Fumio Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090319066	AUDIO REPRODUCING APPARATUS - An audio reproducing apparatus has a correction coefficient holding means (	12-24-2009
20100053452	TELEVISION RECEIVER - It is an object of the present invention to provide a television receiver for discriminating a CM broadcast from a received television broadcast and controlling a volume of the CM broadcast without complicating a configuration of a discriminating process of the CM broadcast. The present invention includes a silence detection means, a scene change detection means, a video audio changing point detection means, a first characteristic amount extraction means, a second characteristic amount extraction means, a comparison determining means and a volume control means. The comparison determining means compares the first characteristic amount which is an audio characteristic amount of a television signal before the time when the video audio changing point is detected, and the second characteristic amount which is an audio characteristic amount of a television signal after the time when the video audio changing point is detected, to determine whether a predetermined condition is satisfied or not. The volume control means controls an output level when outputting audio of the television signal on the basis of a result of the comparison determining means.	03-04-2010

Hajime Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090111203	METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE - A laminated structure having light-emitting units is formed on a single-crystal wafer. Electrode patterns are formed on the single-crystal wafer opposite the light-emitting units. Dummy patterns are formed on the single-crystal wafer at a location spaced apart from a location opposite the light-emitting units, and offset from a desired cleavage line intersecting the light-emitting units. A scratch is formed on the desired cleavage line. The wafer is cleaved, originating on the scratch, along the cleavage line orientation, in the direction from the dummy pattern, toward the light-emitting units.	04-30-2009

Hidekazu Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080232153	Non-volatile memory device - A non-volatile memory device	09-25-2008

Hioshi Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090080718	AUTHENTICATION APPARATUS, AUTHENTICATION METHOD AND PROGRAM - An authentication apparatus is provided to improve efficiency in the use of memory while maintaining the accuracy of authentication.	03-26-2009

Hiroki Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100048286	GAMING SYSTEM AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF WHICH DETERMINES TRANSITION TO SPECIAL GAME - A gaming system of the present invention includes: an input device which starts a base game awarding a payout according to a given winning; a data storage device storing special game condition data which defines, within a given value range, a plurality of sub ranges respectively allotted to special game conditions or “No Special Game” meaning no special game is run, each of the special game conditions being associated with an average payout different from those associated with the other conditions. In the system, a random number is sampled based on an input from the input device. A base game is run using the random number, and a payout according to a resulted winning is awarded. One of the sub ranges each allotted to one of the special game conditions or “No Special Game” is selected, based on a given condition with reference to the random number and the special game condition data. When the selected sub range is allotted to a special game condition, the special game is run under that special game condition and a payout is awarded.	02-25-2010
20100087244	Gaming Machine - While one video reel is being scrolled and the remaining video reels stop scrolling, a map of Japan or a map of America is displayed on a liquid crystal panel. A territory corresponding to a player is distinguished by color on the map. There is a correlation in terms of probability between the territory corresponding to the player distinguished by color and a payout amount corresponding to a symbol combination to be realized upon stop of scroll of all the video reels.	04-08-2010
20100093423	SLOT MACHINE THAT INCREASES THE NUMBER OF DISPLAYED SYMBOLS AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF - A slot machine according to the present invention comprises: a symbol display capable of scroll-displaying a symbol array that includes a plurality of symbols; and a controller programmed to execute the processing of: (A) executing a normal game in which the symbol array is scroll-displayed in a single direction and then stop-displayed to the symbol display, and in which game media are paid out in an amount corresponding to the stop-displayed symbol or a combination of the stop-displayed symbols; and (B) displaying an extra symbol being added to the symbol array, while scrolling the symbol array in a direction opposite to the single direction, when a predetermined condition has been satisfied in the normal game executed in the processing (A).	04-15-2010

Hiromi Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090243118	SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF THE SAME - Provided is a semiconductor device having a pad on a semiconductor chip, a first passivation film formed over the semiconductor chip and having an opening portion on the pad of a probe region and a coupling region, a second passivation film formed over the pad and the first passivation film and having an opening portion on the pad of the coupling region, and a rewiring layer formed over the coupling region and the second passivation film and electrically coupled to the pad. The pad of the probe region placed on the periphery side of the semiconductor chip relative to the coupling region has a probe mark and the rewiring layer extends from the coupling region to the center side of the semiconductor chip. The present invention provides a technology capable of achieving size reduction, particularly pitch narrowing, of a semiconductor device.	10-01-2009
20090263943	METHOD OF FABRICATING SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE - A Co silicide layer having a low resistance and a small junction leakage current is formed on the surface of the gate electrode, source and drain of MOSFETS by silicidizing a Co film deposited on a main plane of a wafer by sputtering using a high purity Co target having a Co purity of at least 99.99% and Fe and Ni contents of not greater than 10 ppm, preferably having a Co purity of 99.999%.	10-22-2009

Junichi Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080303609	POWER LINE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND CAPACITIVE SIGNAL COUPLING UNIT - In power line communications using carrier waves of high frequencies in the MHz range such as 2 to 30 MHz, when a coaxial cable for performing transmission of signals and a power line are signal-coupled using a capacitive signal coupling unit, even if an impedance matching circuit is installed in the capacitive signal coupling unit, we have found that leakage current of levels that cannot be neglected from leakage noise considerations flows through the outer sheath of the coaxial cable that transmits the signals, and, accordingly, leaking electromagnetic waves induced by the leakage current flowing through the coaxial cable due to impedance mismatch between the power line and the capacitive signal coupling unit are reduced by an impedance member showing high impedances at high frequencies in the MHz range.	12-11-2008

Junnichi Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100226659	QUANTUM COMMUNICATION APPARATUS, QUANTUM COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND QUANTUM COMMUNICATION METHOD - The present invention is directed to realize a stable and highly-efficient quantum communication without being influenced by the jitter of the heralding signal. In regard to the quantum encryption transmitting apparatus	09-09-2010

Kazuaki Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080299833	USB SOCKET, AND GAMING MACHINE INCLUDING THE SAME - A USB socket is a receptacle for a directional USB plug including a male tongue provided with a first electrode terminal, and has first and second female tongues and a casing. The first female tongue has a second electrode terminal electrically connected to the first electrode terminal when the USB plug is inserted in a regular orientation, and is pushed with the male tongue in a direction of insertion when the USB plug is inserted in an inverted orientation. The second female tongue is pushed with the male tongue in the direction of insertion when the USB plug is inserted in the regular orientation, and has a third electrode terminal electrically connected to the first electrode terminal when the USB plug is inserted in the inverted orientation. The casing houses the first and second female tongues such that the second and third terminals are face with each other.	12-04-2008

Kazuo Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090008302	Method for Removal of Unburned Carbon Contained in Fly Ash - Disclosed is a method for removal of an unburned carbon contained in a fly ash material. The method comprises the steps of adding water to the fly ash to prepare a fly ash slurry; shearing the fly ash slurry using an agitating blade that can rotate at a high speed to generate an active energy on the surface of an unburned carbon by the shearing force, thereby imparting lipophilicity to the unburned carbon; and adding a collecting agent and a foaming agent to the slurry containing the lipophylized unburned carbon to cause the attachment of the collecting agent to the lipophylized unburned carbon, and at the same time, causing the attachment of the unburned carbon having the collecting agent attached thereto an air bubble to separate the unburned carbon by flotation.	01-08-2009
20090134070	Method for Removal of Unburned Carbon from Fly Ash - Disclosed is a method for removing unburned carbon from fly ash at low cost and within a short time. The method comprises the steps of adding a collecting agent to fly ash directly, agitating/mixing the mixture in a mixer (	05-28-2009
20090301938	METHOD OF REMOVING UNBURNED CARBON FROM COAL ASH - A method comprising; a step in which unburned carbon contained in coal ash is mechanically separated with a classifier; a step in which the coal ash from which part of the unburned carbon has been removed with the classifier is pulverized or disaggregated with a pulverizer; a step in which water is added to the coal ash pulverized or disaggregated with the pulverizer to obtain a slurry; a step in which a scavenger is added to the slurried coal ash; a step in which a shear force is applied to the slurry containing the scavenger to cause the scavenger to selectively adhere to the unburned carbon contained in the coal ash; a step in which a foaming agent is added to the slurry in which the scavenger has adhered to the unburned carbon; and a step in which the unburned carbon is floated on the slurry containing the foaming agent together with bubbles and is separeated.	12-10-2009
20090308794	APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR REMOVING UNBURNED CARBON FROM FLY ASH - An apparatus and a method for removing unburned carbon from fly ash capable of suppressing facility cost and stably conducting performance adjustment depending on property of the fly ash. The method comprises the steps of: adding water to fly ash to produce slurry; adding collector to the slurry, feeding the slurry and the collector to a static-type mixer	12-17-2009
20100051516	APPARATUS FOR REMOVING UNBURNED CARBON IN FLY ASH - Unburned carbon is efficiently separated according to the properties of fly ash. An apparatus is provided which comprises: a slurry preparation tank (	03-04-2010

Keiichi Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080293818	Regulator of Physiological Function of Ghrelin and Use Thereof - A regulator for regulating physiological functions, such as activity of increasing an intracellular calcium ion concentration, activity of promoting growth hormone secretion, activity of promoting eating, regulatory activity relating to fat accumulation, activity of ameliorating heart function and activity of stimulating gastric acid secretion, of ghrelin, which regulator comprises a fatty acid of carbon number 2-35 or its derivative, and use thereof.	11-27-2008
20100150666	ANCHOR FIXING AGENT, ANCHOR FIXING AGENT AMPULE, AND METHOD FOR FIXING ANCHOR - Provided are an anchor fixing agent which can fill up fine concave and convex portions present on the inner surface of a hole formed in a base material and can maintain great strength, in particular, even after the lapse of a long period of time; an anchor fixing agent ampule; and a method for fixing an anchor. An anchor fixing agent which comprises an alumina cement, a lime and/or a portland cement, and water. Preferably, it further comprises an agent for the retardation of setting and light magnesia. The anchor fixing agent ampule holds a solid component and a liquid component in the anchor fixing agent in the state wherein the components are separated from each other.	06-17-2010

Keisuke Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110274912	AGRICULTURAL FILM - To provide an agricultural film which has high transparency and which has a coating film formed with excellent abrasion resistance (adhesion), hydrophilicity (anti-fogging, wettability and anti-fouling) and hydrophilic durability.	11-10-2011
20110274914	COATING COMPOSITION FOR FORMING HYDROPHILIC COATING FILM - To provide a coating composition capable of forming a hydrophilic coating film which has high transparency and which is excellent in abrasion resistance (adhesion), hydrophilicity (anti-fogging, wettability and anti-fouling properties) and hydrophilic durability.	11-10-2011

Ken Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090015976	POWER FEED SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE - A power feed system for a vehicle provided with a plurality of nodes (	01-15-2009
20090050580	Filtering Apparatus and Filtering Method - To provide a filtering apparatus and a filtering method, in which dewater performance is improved while downsizing of the apparatus is achieved. The filtering apparatus includes a cylindrical or conical inner screen	02-26-2009

Kenichi Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090050473	Conducting belt for use with anode holder and anode holder - A conducting belt is used with an anode holder for supplying an electric current to an anode for plating a surface of a substrate such as a semiconductor wafer. The anode and the substrate are vertically disposed so as to face each other in a plating tank of a plating apparatus. The conducting belt includes a belt capable of contacting an outer circumferential edge of the anode and holding the anode.	02-26-2009
20090146866	WIRELESS APPARATUS, WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, CONTROL METHOD, AND CONTROL PROGRAM - A wireless apparatus which can realize a DFS function that avoidance of interference with radar is considered in an Ad-Hoc mode under a multihop circumstance is provided. A Beacon frame is transmitted at a shorter interval than a previously set interval when radar is detected by wireless apparatuses N	06-11-2009
20090149222	WIRELESS BASE STATION, COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, BELONGING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT METHOD AND STORAGE MEDIUM FOR STORING PROGRAM - The present invention is to allow prompt and reliable synchronization of belonging information management table even in environments where there is a possibility of receiving update notification information from a plurality of wireless base stations, without needing unnecessarily large traffic for synchronization of belonging information management table. Wireless base station stores belonging information management table, to which belonging information of a terminal belonging to the base station is associated with, to new/old judgment information for judgment of new/old of update. Belonging information update unit performs update of belonging information including the new/old judgment information thereof. Further, upon receiving update notification information from other wireless base station, the belonging information update unit updates the belonging information management table based on the update notification information. The update notification information includes at least updated portion in the belonging information and new/old judgment information.	06-11-2009

Kenichiro Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110254992	Image pickup optical system and image pickup apparatus using the same - An image pickup optical system having four lenses includes in order from an object side,	10-20-2011

Kentaro Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090185285	LENS BARREL AND IMAGING DEVICE - A lens barrel including: an imaging optical system; a tube configured to contain the imaging optical system; a holder configured to hold a lens included in the imaging optical system in the tube in such a way that the lens is movable along a direction of an optical axis of the imaging optical system; a sensor unit configured to output a cyclic detection signal whose peak value changes depending on a movement amount of the holder; a memory unit configured to store a relationship between peak values of the detection signal and a position of the holder in the direction of the optical axis in advance; and an arithmetic processor configured to calculate a position of the holder in the direction of the optical axis from a peak value of a detection signal detected by the sensor unit in movement of the holder based on the relationship stored in the memory unit.	07-23-2009

Kouji Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090142721	Atmosphere Heat Treatment Apparatus and Method of Operating the Same - An object of the present invention is to provide an atmosphere heat treatment apparatus that is operable without relying on experiences and/or intuitions of an operator, and a method of operating the same. The atmosphere heat treatment apparatus includes an entrance side exhaust path (	06-04-2009

Makio Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110153241	SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT - A semiconductor integrated circuit includes a central processing unit	06-23-2011
20110270552	DELTA-SIGMA AD CONVERTER CIRCUIT AND BATTERY PACK - A delta-sigma AD converter circuit includes a modulation unit to produce pulse density modulated data by pulse density modulation of an analog signal, and a filtering unit to convert the pulse density modulated data into pulse code modulated data, wherein the modulation unit includes a shift register to store and shift the pulse density modulated data in synchronization with a clock, a counter to generate a register store instruction signal and a read request signal upon a count value reaching a predetermined value responsive to a mode, the count value being a count of a number of shifts of the shift register, and a plurality of registers to store plural data obtained by dividing data stored in the shift register and to hold the plural data in such a form that each of the plural data is readable independently of the others, wherein one or more of the plurality of registers store the pulse density modulated data stored in the shift register in response to the register store instruction signal, and the filtering unit reads the pulse density modulated data from one or more of the plurality of registers responsive to the mode in response to the read request signal.	11-03-2011
20110274952	FUEL GAUGE CIRCUIT AND BATTERY PACK - A fuel gauge circuit detects a residual quantity of a battery	11-10-2011

Manabu Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090137499	BENZYLPHENYL GLUCOPYRANOSIDE DERIVATIVE - The present invention relates to a benzylphenyl glucopyranoside derivative having an excellent inhibitory effect on human SGLT1 and/or SGLT2 activity. There is provided a compound or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof represented by the following general formula (I):	05-28-2009

Masaru Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100035748	Dielectric ceramic composition and an electronic component - A dielectric ceramic composition of the invention comprises a main component expressed in a compositional formula of (Ba	02-11-2010

Masatoshi Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100179324	ANTI-TUMOR AGENT COMPRISING SULPHOSTIN OR SULPHOSTIN-RELATED COMPOUND AS THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT - An anti-tumor agent containing, as an active ingredient, at least one of a sulphostin-related compound represented by the following General Formula (I), a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof and a hydrate thereof; and a pharmaceutical composition containing the anti-tumor agent:	07-15-2010
20110128263	GRAY SCALE DISPLAY DEVICE - Video signals are subjected to necessary signal processing by a video signal processing unit	06-02-2011

Masaya Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090282824	CONCRETE AGITATING DRUM DRIVING DEVICE - A concrete agitating drum (	11-19-2009

Masayoshi Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080219328	Receiver Apparatus, Receiving Method, Program, and Recording Medium - A receiver apparatus includes a plurality of signal receiving means; a plurality of channel signal outputting means for sampling signals received by the plurality of signal receiving means at sampling rates switched within a predetermined range or between multiple values and outputting channel signals; control means for controlling the sampling rates in the plurality of channel signal outputting means; response estimating means for estimating responses on the basis of the channel signals output from the plurality of channel signal outputting means; evaluating means for evaluating reception characteristics on the basis of the responses estimated by the response estimating means; and determining means for determining the sampling rates in the plurality of channel signal outputting means on the basis of the reception characteristics at the multiple sampling rates evaluated by the evaluating means.	09-11-2008
20080240316	Receiver, Receiving Method, Filter Circuit, and Control Method - A receiver supporting a plurality of radio communication systems having different specifications includes a setting unit, a clock generation circuit, a voltage-current conversion amplifier, a switch, integrators, an AD conversion circuit, and a feedback circuit. The setting unit sets a value suitable for a carrier frequency used in one selected radio communication system. The clock generation circuit generates a first clock having a first frequency and a second clock having a second frequency. The conversion amplifier converts an input voltage signal into a current signal. The switch switches between connection and disconnection modes in accordance with the first clock to output the current signal. Each integrator operates in accordance with the second clock and includes two or more switched capacitor circuits and an operational amplifier. The AD conversion circuit converts a signal supplied from the preceding integrator into digital form. The feedback circuit operates in accordance with the second clock.	10-02-2008
20080256157	Information Processing Device and Information Processing Method - An information processing device for processing reception signals converted into digital signals, includes: a first conversion unit for executing sampling rate conversion of each of the digital signals to be computed with each tap coefficient of a K'th-order FIR filter; a filter computing unit for executing computation processing of the K'th order FIR filter on K digital signals each of which have been subjected to sampling rate conversion by the first conversion unit; and a control unit for controlling sampling rate conversion of the digital signals by the first conversion unit, and the computation processing of the K'th order FIR filter by the filter computing unit.	10-16-2008

Minoru Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080317989	Synthetic Resin Bottle Having a Gradation Pattern, and Process for Injection Molding the Preform for Use in Such a Bottle - The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to change the thickness of the colored resin layer of the preform gradually in the upward or downward direction, by utilizing a tendency of gradual decrease in the thickness of the colored resin layer caused by the flow of the main resin inside the preform mold when the main resin and the colored resin are injected into the mold. The objects of this invention is to provide a biaxially drawn, blow molded bottle having new decorativeness created in which sophisticated color gradations associated with color density are created in the body of this bottle. The means of accomplishing this object involves adjusting the injection pattern including the time of starting and ending the supply of the main resin and the colored resin, and pressure or velocity profiles, reducing the thickness of the colored resin layer in the multi-layered molten resin fluid gradually at an upstream or downstream point of the flow, injection-molding the preform in which a color-gradated portion associated with the thickness of the colored resin layer has been formed, and biaxially drawing and blow molding this preform into a bottle having a color-gradated portion associated with the color density or color shade created on the body of the bottle.	12-25-2008
20100023213	VEHICLE CONTROL DEVICE - A vehicle control device which can at least provide compatibility between a high grip performance and fuel efficiency or compatibility between quietness and fuel efficiency is provided. When a camber angle of a wheel	01-28-2010
20110115122	SYNTHETIC RESIN BOTTLE HAVING A GRADATION PATTERN, AND PROCESS FOR INJECTION MOLDING THE PREFORM FOR USE IN SUCH A BOTTLE - The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to change the thickness of the colored resin layer of the preform gradually in the upward or downward direction, by utilizing a tendency of gradual decrease in the thickness of the colored resin layer caused by the flow of the main resin inside the preform mold when the main resin and the colored resin are injected into the mold. The objects of this invention is to provide a biaxially drawn, blow molded bottle having new decorativeness created in which sophisticated color gradations associated with color density are created in the body of this bottle. The means of accomplishing this object involves adjusting the injection pattern including the time of starting and ending the supply of the main resin and the colored resin, and pressure or velocity profiles, reducing the thickness of the colored resin layer in the multi-layered molten resin fluid gradually at an upstream or downstream point of the flow, injection-molding the preform in which a color-gradated portion associated with the thickness of the colored resin layer has been formed, and biaxially drawing and blow molding this preform into a bottle having a color-gradated portion associated with the color density or color shade created on the body of the bottle.	05-19-2011

Mitsuhiro Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100099277	ELECTRICAL CONNECTING APPARATUS - An embodiment of an electrical connecting apparatus comprises an electrical insulating plate, an elastic plate made of an electrical insulating material arranged on the electrical insulating plate, a sheet-like conductive plate arranged on the elastic plate, and first and second contacts. The conductive plate comprises a hole area having at least one first hole portion allowing the probe tip portion of the first contact to abut to the conductive plate and a plurality of second hole portions not allowing the probe tip portions of the second contacts to abut thereon regardless of whether or not overdriving acts on the contacts.	04-22-2010

Naoto Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080204483	DISPLAY APPARATUS, AND IMAGE SIGNAL PROCESSING APPARATUS AND DRIVE CONTROL APPARATUS FOR THE SAME - In a display apparatus having a display panel	08-28-2008
20090009450	IMAGE DISPLAY APPARATUS AND IMAGE DISPLAY METHODS - Provided are image display apparatus and image display methods capable of suitably making correction for variation of driving conditions due to an electric resistance of matrix wiring of a display panel by downsized hardware. The apparatus and methods involve a device of calculating voltage drop amounts caused by the resistance of row wires, for input image data, and a device of calculating image data with correction for the voltage drop amounts (corrected image data). An overflow processing circuit is provided so as to prevent overflow of the image data after the correction from an input range of a modulator, and the overflow is prevented by a gain. Since a gradation converter for changing a gradation conversion characteristic by a gain is provided in the stage preceding to the configuration for making the correction for influence of the voltage drop, it becomes feasible to cancel saturation characteristics of phosphors and to display images with high quality thereby.	01-08-2009

Nobuo Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090187812	PROCESSING MODULE, ERROR CORRECTION DECODING CIRCUIT, AND PROCESSING METHOD FOR ERROR LOCATOR POLYNOMIAL - A Euclid processing module for binary BCH code which have been encoded with multidimensional Galois fields, and which correct a large number of word errors. The coefficients of polynomials R	07-23-2009
20100070833	ARITHMETIC CIRCUIT FOR CONCATENATED CODES AND ADDRESS CONTROL METHOD - Concatenated codes are improved, and a memory capacity and a memory diagnosis circuit are reduced. Address control used in an interleaver of related art is applied to a register included in a syndrome arithmetic circuit or a check code calculation circuit of related art, and an arithmetic operation result equivalent to that obtained by interleaving is derived.	03-18-2010

Ryuji Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100021326	Method fo pumping agglomerative liquid and method of producing recording medium - A method of pumping an agglomerative liquid includes providing a diaphragm pump defined herein and pumping the agglomerative liquid using the diaphragm pump, the diaphragm has an annular thickened portion in the peripheral portion thereof as defined herein, the pump head has at least one channel communicating the inner peripheral edge of the clamping surface and the pump chamber, the diaphragm is reciprocally movable in opposite directions perpendicular to the diaphragm plane to increase and decrease the volume of the pump chamber so as to pump the liquid, the thickened portion of the diaphragm, the holding member, and the pump head are configured to satisfy the relation A	01-28-2010

Satoshi Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110143810	INFORMATION-PROCESSING DEVICE, INFORMATION-PROCESSING METHOD, AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM - An information-processing device comprises: a connection unit that connects to a detachable unit; a first detection unit that, based on a state of connection by the connection unit, detects a first state in which the detachable unit is detached from the information-processing device; an acquisition unit that, when the first detection unit detects the first state, acquires position information representing a position of the information-processing device or the detachable unit; a second detection unit that, based on a state of connection by the connection unit, detects a second state in which a predetermined condition relating to detachment of the detachable unit is fulfilled after the detection of the first state by the first detection unit; and an execution unit that, upon detection of the second state by the second detection unit, executes a process of notifying the position information acquired by the acquisition unit	06-16-2011

Shigemoto Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080259680	Memory Element and Method for Manufacturing Same - A novel nonvolatile memory element, which can be manufactured by a simple and high yield process by using an organic material and has a high on/off ratio, and a method for manufacturing such nonvolatile memory element. A switching layer (	10-23-2008
20080297034	BIPHENYL DERIVATIVE AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING ELEMENT USING SAME - The invention provides a novel compound used as a material for organic light-emitting elements, and an organic light-emitting element which has highly efficient and highly luminescent optical power and is superior in durability. The organic light-emitting element includes an anode and a cathode, and a layer which contains an organic compound and is held between the anode and the cathode. The layer containing an organic compound includes a biphenyl derivative represented by the following general formula (1):	12-04-2008
20090091252	BINAPHTHYL COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING ELEMENT USING THE SAME - The present invention provides a novel binaphthyl compound and an organic light emitting element having a good light emitting efficiency and a high durability at a low driving voltage. An organic light emitting element including an anode and a cathode, and a layer including an organic compound sandwiched between the anode and the cathode, wherein one of the anode and the cathode is transparent or semi-transparent, and the layer including an organic compound includes at least one binaphthyl compound represented by the following general formula [I]:	04-09-2009
20090115323	OLIGOFLUORENE COMPOUND AND ORGANIC EL ELEMENT USING SAME - An oligofluorene compound is represented by the General Formula (1) below	05-07-2009
20110042663	DIBENZO[c,g]FLUORENE COMPOUND AND AN ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE USING THE SAME - An organic light-emitting device which has high emission efficiency and high durability even at low drive voltage is provided. An organic light-emitting device including an anode, a cathode, and an organic compound layer which is interposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic compound layer include at least one dibenzo[c,g]fluorene compound represented by the following General Formula (1).	02-24-2011
20110198576	AMINO COMPOUND FOR ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME - An amino compound for an organic light-emitting device of general formula [1]:	08-18-2011

Shinichiro Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100228768	Information Providing Server, Information Providing System, Information Providing Method and Program - An information providing server of present invention including a state information acquiring unit for acquiring state information related to a state of a user using a client terminal detected at the client terminal connected through a communication network, a database for accumulating data of a content to be used by the user, a selection unit for selecting a part of the data accumulated in the database based on the state information, and a transmission unit for transmitting the data selected by the selection unit to the client terminal.	09-09-2010

Shuji Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090003905	CLEANING BLADE MEMBER - A cleaning blade member includes a cleaning layer and an elastic layer provided on the cleaning layer's back surface. Both are formed of a polyurethane member produced through curing and molding a castable polyurethane composition, the cleaning layer containing a long-chain polyol, a polyisocyanate, and a diamino compound having a melting point ≦80° C., the elastic layer containing a long-chain polyol, a polyisocyanate, a short-chain diol, and a short-chain triol, and has a percent edge drooping ≦7.0%, the cleaning and elastic layers have Young's modulus contribution factors R	01-01-2009
20100031466	BLADE MEMBER - The blade member is formed of a polyurethane member produced through curing and molding a castable polyurethane composition containing at least a polyol, an isocyanate compound, and a cross-linking agent. The polyurethane member exhibits a storage modulus (1 Hz) as measured at 40° C. of 2.0×10	02-11-2010

Shunsuke Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20110027590	Sequentially Biaxially-Oriented Polyglycolic Acid Film, Production Process Thereof and Multi-Layer Film - A production process of a sequentially biaxially-oriented polyglycolic acid film, which includes Step 1 of stretching an amorphous polyglycolic acid sheet in one direction at a stretching temperature within a range of from 40 to 70° C. and a primary draw ratio of 2.5 to 7.0 times, thereby forming a uniaxially oriented film; Step 2 of causing the uniaxially oriented film to pass through within a temperature environment controlled to a temperature within a range of from 5 to 40° C. and lower by at least 5° C. than the stretching temperature in Step 1; Step 3 of stretching the uniaxially oriented film in a direction perpendicular to the stretching direction in Step 1 at a stretching temperature within a range of from 35 to 60° C. and higher by at least 3° C. than the temperature in Step 2, thereby forming a biaxially oriented film, the area stretch ratio of which is 11 to 30 times; and Step 4 of subjecting the biaxially oriented film to a heat treatment at 70 to 200° C.	02-03-2011
20110104437	VAPOR DEPOSITION FILM - A vapor deposition film has a vapor deposition layer composed of a metal or an inorganic oxide formed on at least one side of a resin layer (A) which is composed of a resin composition (1). The resin composition (1) is a polyglycol acid containing not less than 70% by mole of a specific structure (a structure represented by formula (1)) as a repeating unit. The surface on which the vapor deposition layer is deposited has a center line average roughness of 5-50 nm. The vapor deposition film has excellent gas barrier properties, excellent workability and decomposition resistance sufficient for practical use.	05-05-2011

Susumu Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100050061	CLOCK DOMAIN CHECK METHOD, CLOCK DOMAIN CHECK PROGRAM, AND RECORDING MEDIUM - To reduce pseudo errors.	02-25-2010

Takahiro Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100009759	GAME SYSTEM - The present invention provides a game system with enhanced interest of a game in consideration of exchange of a message with a virtual player.	01-14-2010
20100137067	GAME SYSTEM - The present invention provides a game system in which a virtual player is set in consideration of information on a place where a player plays a game. Each of game machines	06-03-2010

Takatoshi Abe, Tokyo JP

Takayoshi Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100009292	RESIN COMPOSITION FOR MICROPATTERN FORMATION AND METHOD OF MICROPATTERN FORMATION - A resin composition which can increase the pattern shrink rate while maintaining the advantages of capability of effectually and precisely micronizing the resist pattern gaps irrespective of the surface conditions of the substrate and forming resist patterns exceeding the wavelength limit economically at low cost in a good condition having only small defects, and a method of efficiently forming a micropattern using the resin composition are disclosed. The resin composition for forming a micropattern includes a hydroxyl group-containing resin, a crosslinking component, and an alcohol solvent which contains an alcohol and not more than 10 mass % of water relative to the total solvent. The crosslinking component includes a compound having two or more acryloyloxy groups in the molecule.	01-14-2010
20100190104	METHOD FOR PATTERN FORMATION AND RESIN COMPOSITION FOR USE IN THE METHOD - A pattern forming method includes (1) selectively exposing a first resist layer, and developing the exposed first resist layer to form a first pattern, (2) applying a resin composition containing a hydroxyl group-containing resin and a solvent to the first pattern, baking the applied resin composition, and developing the baked resin composition to form a second pattern, the hydroxyl group-containing resin becoming insoluble or scarcely soluble in a developer when baked, and (3) totally or selectively exposing the second pattern to make the second pattern partly soluble in the developer, and developing the exposed second pattern to form a third pattern in which at least a hole or a groove is formed in the second pattern.	07-29-2010
20100310988	RESIST PATTERN-FORMING METHOD AND RESIST PATTERN MINIATURIZING RESIN COMPOSITION - A resist pattern-forming method includes forming a first resist pattern using a first positive-tone radiation-sensitive resin composition. A resist pattern-miniaturizing resin composition is applied to the first resist pattern. The resist pattern-miniaturizing resin composition applied to the first resist pattern is baked and developed to form a second resist pattern that is miniaturized from the first resist pattern. A resist pattern-insolubilizing resin composition is applied to the second resist pattern. The resist pattern-insolubilizing resin composition applied to the second resist pattern is baked and washed to form a third resist pattern that is insoluble in a developer and a second positive-tone radiation-sensitive resin composition. A second resist layer is formed on the third resist pattern using the second positive-tone radiation-sensitive resin composition. The second resist layer is exposed and developed to form a fourth resist pattern.	12-09-2010
20100323292	RESIST PATTERN FORMATION METHOD, AND RESIN COMPOSITION CAPABLE OF INSOLUBILIZING RESIST PATTERN - A resist pattern formation method includes (1) a step of forming a first resist pattern which includes forming a first resist layer on a substrate, selectively exposing the first resist layer to radiation through a mask, and developing the exposed first resist layer, (2) a step of insolubilizing the first resist pattern by coating the first resist pattern with a resist pattern insolubilizing resin composition, baking or curing with UV, and developing the resist pattern insolubilizing resin composition, (3) a step of forming a second resist layer on the insolubilized resist pattern and selectively exposing the second resist layer to radiation through a mask, and (4) a step of developing the exposed second resist layer to form a second resist pattern.	12-23-2010

Tatsuya Abe, Tokyo JP

Tomoaki Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090286766	AZOLECARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVE - Provided is an agent for treating or preventing urinary frequency, urinary urgency and urinary, incontinence which are associated with overactive bladder, a lower urinary tract disease such as interstitial cystitis and chronic prostatitis accompanied by lower urinary tract pain, and various diseases accompanied by pain. A novel azolecarboxamide derivative in which an azole ring such as thioazole or oxazole is bonded to a benzene ring, pyridine ring or pyrimidine ring through carboxamide was confirmed to have a potent trkA receptor-inhibitory activity and found to be an agent for treating or preventing lower urinary tract disease and various diseases accompanied by pain, which is excellent in efficacy and safety, and thus the present invention was accomplished.	11-19-2009
20100249088	AZOLECARBOXAMIDE COMPOUND OR SALT THEREOF - [Object] To provide a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent for urinary frequency, urinary urgency, and urinary incontinence associated with various lower urinary tract diseases including overactive bladder, various lower urinary tract diseases accompanied by lower urinary tract pain, such as interstitial cystitis, chronic prostatitis, and the like, and various diseases accompanied by pain, based on an excellent trkA receptor inhibitory action.	09-30-2010

Tomonori Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20090079379	SERVOMOTOR CONTROLLER - It is an object to obtain a servomotor controller by which a load on a machine device can be reduced, and control capability can be stabilized as well as the resistance property for a temporary blackout or a temporary voltage drop can be more secured in accordance with driving conditions of the machine device and a motor load.	03-26-2009

Toshiaki Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080303666	Rfid Label Attaching Method, Rfid Label Attaching Device, and Rfid Label - A RFID tag is partially separable from an article to which the tag is applied such that influence on the RFID tag from the article may be reduced thereby. A label is applied to an article, wherein the label is tacked on a backing paper. The label is fixed with a tag-fixed portion fixed with a RFID tag comprising an IC chip and a communication antenna. The tag-fixed portion has a predetermined size and is partitioned from a common label portion. The common label portion is partitioned into a first label portion that is articulated with the tag-fixed portion and a second label portion, from which the tag-fixed portion is separable along a partition line extending across the common label portion from a side of the tag-fixed portion. The method comprises associating the first label portion of the common label portion with a first surface of the article such that the partition line of the label follows a corner line of a corner portion of the article, and applying the label to the article such that the tag-fixed portion articulated with the first label portion is raised from the article.	12-11-2008
20090099482	Ultrasonic Cerebral Infarction Therapeutic Apparatus - An ultrasonic cerebral infarction therapeutic apparatus that does not produce side effects of destruction of brain cells, occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage, destruction of nerve cells, etc. by avoiding formation of a standing wave by interference between an irradiated beam of an ultrasonic wave irradiated to the inside of the cranium and its reflected beam. An ultrasonic probe cap is constructed by arranging a plurality of laminated small transducers each made up of a PVDF film, a PZT ceramic, or the like in a mosaic-like pattern or in other form on the inside of the cap and one or more transducers are selected and activated according to a thrombus position. As a high frequency for actuating a transducer, a continuous sinusoidal wave, a burst wave, or a pulse wave shall be used so that no standing wave may be produced inside the cranium.	04-16-2009
20100139866	LABEL PASTING DEVICE - A label affixing apparatus enables an RFID tag to be affixed to a product at a distance from the product. The apparatus comprises: a folding/affixing device which conveys a label, a label holder holds a front surface side of the label, a folding device causes a part of the label including a tag attachment site to project by folding the part from a rear surface side to the front surface side into an angular shape. Either traction is suppressed when the label is affixed to the product. A reader/writer has an antenna in a position facing the part of the label when the part of the label is folded, for reading and writing information from and to the RFID tag. A fold detector detects if the label is folded. The label holding device moves between a label suction position and a label affixing position. Folding is assisted from a rear surface side of the part of the label.	06-10-2010
20100217160	Ultrasonic Wave Radiator for Treatment - An ultrasonic wave radiator suitable for a cerebral infarction therapy apparatus that is attached to indeterminate curvilinear surface of the scalp of a patient under therapy and dissolves thrombus inside a cerebral blood vessel by outputting ultrasonic vibrations of a plurality of frequencies or an ultrasonic vibration having a wide frequency band. The ultrasonic transducer	08-26-2010

Toshihiko Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100086348	METHOD OF JOINING CABLE RACKS, AND A SPLICE PLATE - Disclosed is a technique of joining two cable racks together in a longitudinal direction thereof. A splice plate is used which has two insertion holes each formed at a position corresponding to a first one of two joint holes in each of adjacent ends of each of two longitudinally-aligned pairs of primary beams of two cable racks, and two lock protrusions each formed at a position corresponding to the other second joint hole, in a manner engageable with the second joint hole. The adjacent ends of the longitudinally-aligned pair of primary beams are joined together by means of engagement between the lock protrusions of the splice plate and the second joint holes of the adjacent ends of the longitudinally-aligned pair of primary beams, and fastening between two bolt and two nuts through the first insertion holes and the insertion holes of the splice plate. Thus, two cable racks can be joined together by performing a bolting operation only at a single position in each of the adjacent ends of the longitudinally-aligned pair of primary beams. This makes it possible to reduce by half a time of joining operation while suppressing a trouble in the joining operation.	04-08-2010
20100198100	BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT BODY ATTACHMENT UNIT AND BODY FAT MEASUREMENT DEVICE - A bioelectrical impedance measurement abdomen attachment unit (	08-05-2010
20100268092	ARTERIOSCLEROSIS DEGREE JUDGMENT DEVICE CAPABLE OF JUDGING ARTERIOSCLEROSIS DEGREE PRECISELY - A cuff of a pulse wave meter equipped with an arteriosclerosis degree judgment device has air bags for compressing a living body having a double structure along an artery including an avascularization air bag and a pulse-wave measuring air bag. Provided at outer circumferential sides of these air bags are a curler for integrally pressing these air bags against an upper arm, and an air bag for pressing the curler from the outer circumferential side. A member for suppressing vibrations is provided between a curler-compressing air bag and the pulse-wave measuring air bag, and suppresses propagation of vibrations from the curler-compressing air bag to the pulse-wave measuring air bag. The pulse wave meter measures a pulse wave based on changes in internal pressure in the pulse-wave measuring air bag while the avascularization air bag provides avascularization at the peripheral side.	10-21-2010
20110077534	BLOOD PRESSURE INFORMATION MEASUREMENT DEVICE CAPABLE OF OBTAINING INDEX FOR DETERMINING DEGREE OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS - A blood pressure information measurement device includes an air bladder wrapped around a central side of a measurement portion for pulse wave measurement and an air bladder wrapped at a peripheral side for blood pressure measurement. The air bladder for blood pressure measurement is increased to a pressure higher than a systolic blood pressure, and a blood pressure is measured. An internal pressure of the air bladder is maintained, a pulse wave is measured in avascularized state, and a feature point needed for calculating an index for determining an arteriosclerosis degree is extracted from the pulse wave. When the feature point is not extracted from the pulse wave, the internal pressure of the air bladder for blood pressure measurement is reduced to a pressure lower than the systolic blood pressure, a pulse wave in non-avascularized state is measured, and a feature point is extracted from the pulse wave.	03-31-2011

Toshio Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080196550	METHOD OF PRODUCING AN OXYGEN-FREE COPPER WIRE MATERIAL BY A CONTINUOUS CAST-ROLLING METHOD USING A ROTATIONAL MOVABLE MOLD - A method of producing an oxygen-free copper wire material, containing: continuously guiding a molten copper obtained by melting electric copper, into a tundish through a conduit; injecting the molten copper in the tundish, into a rotational movable mold; cooling and solidifying the molten copper, to form an ingot; and continuously drawing the ingot out of the mold, followed by continuous rolling; the method further containing: allowing the molten copper in the conduit to react with a solid reducing agent, under blowing an inert gas thereinto; allowing the molten copper in the tundish to react with a solid reducing agent, under blowing an inert gas thereinto; and adding a phosphorus compound to the molten copper, so that the phosphorus content in the ingot would be from 1 to 10 ppm; and controlling the temperature of the molten copper in the tundish from 1,085 to 1,100° C.	08-21-2008
20100307712	PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING COPPER ALLOY MATERIAL - A process for producing a copper alloy material from a copper alloy of a precipitation reinforced type, which contains a process to perform individually a dissolution of a pure copper and a dissolution of an additional element or a mother alloy containing the same, comprises the steps of: melting an element and/or a mother alloy at a same time, that is selected from a Ni, a Co, an Si, a Ni—Cu mother alloy, a Co—Cu mother alloy, an Si—Cu mother alloy, a Ni—Si—Cu mother alloy, and a Co—Si—Cu mother alloy with combining therebetween, and melting thereof with an assistance of a generation of a heat of mixing, in a case of forming a high density melt containing at least either one of the Ni or the Co, and the Si, as high density thereof; forming the high density melt as a content of the Ni to be 80 mass % at maximum; and forming an alloy molten metal having a predetermined component and concentration, by adding the melt into a pure copper molten metal to be supplied from another melting furnace.	12-09-2010

Yasuhiro Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080205934	OPTICAL WRITING DEVICE AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - A rotating deflection unit deflects a laser light emitted from a light-emitting element and performs a scanning with the laser light. A light-intensity detecting unit detects a light intensity of the laser light. A current control unit controls a current to be supplied to the light-emitting element so that the light intensity of the laser light reaches a target light intensity. An initializing unit determines an initial current value with which the target light intensity is obtained from the light-emitting element by eliminating an influence of a noise caused by a reflected light input into the light-intensity detecting unit from the rotating deflection unit.	08-28-2008

Yoshinobu Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20100258466	CYLINDRICAL COSMETIC CONTAINER - A cylindrical cosmetic container with an inner cap (	10-14-2010

Yoshitaka Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080289547	Crime Prevention Structure of Steel Door - The present invention provides a crime prevention structure for a steel door. A steel door comprises an indoor panel, an outdoor panel, a sound-insulating core filled in a space formed between inner surfaces of the panels, and a high hardness metal plate that is thicker than plate thickness of the panels wherein the metal plate is provided between the sound-insulating core and an entire inner surface area, except sections for mounting door components, of at least one of the panels. In one preferred aspect, the metal plate is provided at the entire inner surface area, except portions for mounting door components, of the indoor panel.	11-27-2008

Yuko Abe, Tokyo JP

Patent application number	Description	Published
20080231179	Organic Electroluminescence Element and Display Using the Same - One embodiment of the present invention is an organic electroluminescence element, including: an anode; a cathode; an organic light emitting medium layer including a buffer layer and an organic light emitting layer, the organic light emitting medium layer being between the anode and the cathode, and the buffer layer comprising at least two kinds of inorganic material.	09-25-2008
20090074974	Method for Manufacturing Organic Functional Layer and Organic Functional Device, and Organic Functional Device Manufacturing Apparatus - A method for manufacturing an organic functional layer includes the steps of: forming a coated film of an organic functional material by applying a coating liquid to a substrate by a printing method, the coating liquid including an organic functional material dissolved or dispersed in a first organic solvent; and bringing the coated film into contact with vapor or liquid of a second organic solvent, the second organic solvent having the following properties: chemically non-active; the second organic solvent can be mixed with the first solvent; the second organic solvent can not substantially dissolve the organic functional material; and a vapor pressure of the second organic solvent is higher than that of the first organic solvent at a room temperature.	03-19-2009
20090146553	Organic Electroluminescence Element, Method for Manufacturing Same, and Display Device - An organic EL element has a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and a luminescence medium layer including a carrier transport layer and an organic luminescence layer provided between the electrodes. The carrier transport layer is an inorganic oxide layer obtained by performing an oxidation treatment after forming the layer.	06-11-2009
20090243475	Organic Electroluminescence Element, Manufacturing Method for An Organic Electroluminescence Element and Display Unit - One embodiment of the present invention is an organic electroluminescent element including a substrate, a first electrode arranged on said substrate, a luminescent medium layer including at least an organic luminescent layer and a molybdenum oxide layer arranged on the first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, the luminescent medium layer sandwiched between the electrodes and the molybdenum oxide layer including at least molybdic anhydride and one or more other inorganic compounds.	10-01-2009
20100079067	Organic EL Display Panel and Method for Manufacturing Thereof - An embodiment of the present invention is an organic EL display panel including a plurality of first electrodes, a confining wall which covers an edge part of the first electrode and sections the plurality of first electrodes into different pixels, a luminescent medium layer which has a plurality of layers including a luminescent layer and a second electrode formed on the luminescent medium layer, and an organic EL display panel also includes at least two layers which are included in the luminescent medium layer and which are formed into a stripe shape and are perpendicular to each other.	04-01-2010