Patent application number | Description | Published |
20130162472 | METHOD FOR DETERMINING A PROTECTION SPACE IN THE EVENT OF TWO SIMULTANEOUS SATELLITE FAILURES - The present invention relates to a method for determining a protection space in the event of two faulty measurements of a pseudo-range between a satellite and a receiver for receiving signals transmitted by various satellites in a radio-navigation constellation, characterized in that said method includes the steps of: (a) determining, on the basis of the pseudo-ranges measured by the receiver, a test variable representative of the likelihood of a fault; (b) estimating, for each pair of pseudo-ranges from among the pseudo-ranges measured by the receiver and from the expression of the thus-obtained test variable, a set of minimum-bias pairs detectable for a given missed detection probability; (c) expressing, for each pair of pseudo-ranges, the estimated set of detectable minimum-bias pairs in the form of an equation defining an ellipse associated with the pair of pseudo-ranges in question; (d) expressing the equation of each ellipse in parametric coordinates and expressing each detectable associated minimum-bias pair on the basis of a single parameter; (e) projecting each of the thus-parameterized detectable minimum-bias pairs over at least one subspace of R3; (f) calculating, for each subspace and for each bias pair, the maximum position error induced by the bias pair; (g) selecting, for each subspace, the maximum from among all of the calculated maximum position errors, and transmitting the results of said selection outward. The present invention also relates to an integrity-monitoring system and to a vehicle therefor. | 06-27-2013 |
20130249734 | METHOD FOR DETECTING AND EXCLUDING MULTIPLE FAILURES IN A SATELLITE - The present invention relates to a method for detecting and excluding at least one pseudo-range measured between a satellite and a receiver for receiving signals transmitted by different satellites of a radio-positioning constellation when said pseudo-range is faulty, characterized in that said method includes the steps of: (a) determining an estimation of the position of the receiver from the pseudo-ranges measured by the receiver, (b) estimating, from the thus-estimated position, biases in the measured pseudo-ranges; (c) processing the thus-obtained biases in order to derive a value representative of the probability of a fault for each pseudo-range; (d) preselecting, on the basis of the resulting values, a given number of pseudo-ranges which are most likely to be faulty; (e) determining, for each combination of pseudo-ranges from among the thus-preselected pseudo-ranges, a value of a test variable representative of the likelihood the combination is faulty; (f) selecting, on the basis of the values of the thus-obtained test variables, at least one combination of pseudo-ranges which are most likely to be faulty; and (g) comparing the test variable associated with the selected combination with a predetermined threshold, and transmitting the signals to the receiver or outward on the basis of the result of said comparison. The invention also relates to an integrity-monitoring system and to a vehicle therefor. | 09-26-2013 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090088391 | Strains of Lactobacillus Helveticus which do not Ferment Lactose - The invention relates to novel strains of | 04-02-2009 |
20090238921 | MUTANT STRAINS OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA HAVING A NON-PHOSPHORYLABLE LACTOSE PERMEASE - The invention concerns lactic acid bacteria strains wherein the phosphorylable histidine of the IIA domain of lactose permease is replaced by a non-phosphorylable amino acid. Said strains have a reduced post-acidification and are useful in particular for preparing fermented dairy products. | 09-24-2009 |
20100047385 | CULTURE METHOD FAVORISING THE PRODUCTION OF K2 VITAMIN BY LACTIC BACTERIA AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF IN THE PREPARATION OF FOOD PRODUCTS - The present invention relates to a method for increasing the amount of K2 vitamin obtained by culturing at least one stem of a lactic bacteria that produces K2 vitamin, wherein the culture of said stem is realized in resting-cells conditions so that the amount of K2 vitamin produced by the resting-cells culture is higher by a ratio of at least 1.2 to that obtained by the culture of said stem under standard fermentation conditions. The present invention also relates to the biomass obtained from the culture of a lactic bacteria producing K2 vitamin according to the above method. The invention further relates to a method for producing K2 vitamin, to a method for preparing food products, including fermented products and/or fresh diary products, enriched with K2 vitamin, and to the food products thus obtained. | 02-25-2010 |
20100047396 | METHOD FOR OBTAINING VARIANTS OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA USABLE FOR PRODUCING VITAMIN K2 AND APPLICATION TO THE PREPARATION OF FOOD PRODUCTS - The present invention relates to the production of variants of lactic bacteria stems that produce, under standard fermentation conditions, at least about 1.2 times more K2 vitamin than the starting lactic bacteria stems cultured in the same conditions. The invention further relates to a method for preparing food products, including fermented products and/or fresh diary products, enriched with K2 vitamin, and to the food products thus obtained. | 02-25-2010 |
20100086646 | PROBIOTIC-CONTAINING FOOD PRODUCT AND A PROTONATED WEAK MONOACID - A fresh plant juice and/or milk-based food product, comprising a stable concentration of live probiotics producing false tastes and/or gas in the initial matrix of the food product, characterized in that it contains from 1 to 20 g/l of a dietary protonated weak monoacid with a pH between 3 and 4, and a preparation method for such a food product. | 04-08-2010 |
20110212223 | MUTANTS OF LACTOBACILLUS CASEI DEFECTIVE IN CARBON CATABOLISM REGULATION - The invention relates to the use of mutants of | 09-01-2011 |
20120156332 | Protecting bioactive food ingredients using microorganisms having reduced metabolizing capacity - The invention concerns a food product containing living microorganisms and bioactive food ingredients of interest, wherein the living microorganisms and the bioactive food ingredients of interest are organized so as to reduce metabolizing of said bioactive ingredients by said living microorganisms. More particularly, the invention concerns the use therefor of living microorganisms having reduced capacity for metabolizing the bioactive ingredients. | 06-21-2012 |
20120171162 | FERMENTED FOOD PRODUCTS CONTAINING PROBIOTIC STRAINS, AND METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME - The use of at least one sulphur-containing amino acid, at a total concentration of about 5 to 75 mg/ml, in particular of about 5 to about 50 mg/l, in particular of about 5 to about 30 mg/l, in particular of about 5 to about 20 mg/l, in free form, for implementing a method for preparing a fermented food product fermented by ferments containing bifidobacteria, the food product has acceptable sensory properties, contains more than about 5×10 | 07-05-2012 |
20140220177 | Use of Nisin Resistant Mutant Strains of Lactobacilli for Reducing the Post Acidification in Food Products - The invention relates to nisin-resistant | 08-07-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090278136 | Process for Growth of Low Dislocation Density Gan - High quality free standing GaN is obtained using a new modification of the Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth technology in which 3D islands or features are created only by tuning the growth parameters. Smoothing these islands (2D growth) is achieved thereafter by setting growth conditions producing enhanced lateral growth. The repetition of 3D-2D growth results in multiple bending of the threading dislocations thus producing thick layers or free standing GaN with threading dislocation density below 10 | 11-12-2009 |
20100001289 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AN EPITAXIAL LAYER OF GALIUM NITRIDE - A method of manufacturing a low defect density GaN material comprising at least two steps of growing epitaxial layers of GaN with differences in growing conditions, (a.) a first step of growing an epitaxial layer GaN on an epitaxially competent layer under first growing conditions selected to induce island features formation, followed by (b.) a second step of growing an epitaxial layer of GaN under second growing conditions selected to enhance lateral growth until coalescence. | 01-07-2010 |
20100074826 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A SINGLE CRYSTAL OF NITRIDE BY EPITAXIAL GROWTH ON A SUBSTRATE PREVENTING GROWTH ON THE EDGES OF THE SUBSTRATE - A method for manufacturing a single crystal of nitride by epitaxial growth on a substrate appropriate for the growth of the crystal. The substrate includes, deposited on the edges of its growth surface, a mask appropriate to prevent growing of the single crystal on the edges of the substrate. | 03-25-2010 |
20110316000 | MANUFACTURING OF LOW DEFECT DENSITY FREE-STANDING GALLIUM NITRIDE SUBSTRATES AND DEVICES FABRICATED THEREOF - The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a single crystal of nitride by epitaxial growth on a support ( | 12-29-2011 |
20130001586 | SEMICONDUCTOR SUBSTRATE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING - A method for forming a substrate includes forming a base layer comprising a Group III-V material on a substrate, cooling the base layer and inducing cracks in the base layer, and forming a bulk layer comprising a Group III-V material on the base layer after cooling. | 01-03-2013 |
20130001748 | SEMICONDUCTOR SUBSTRATE AND METHOD OF FORMING - A method of forming a semiconductive substrate material for an electronic device including forming a plurality of semiconductive layers on a substrate during a continuous growth process in a reaction chamber, wherein during the continuous growth process, a release layer is formed between a base layer and an epitaxial layer by altering at least one growth process parameter during the continuous growth process. The method also including separating the plurality of semiconductive layers from the substrate. | 01-03-2013 |
20130082279 | GROUP III-V SUBSTRATE MATERIAL WITH PARTICULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC FEATURES - A substrate including a body comprising a Group III-V material and having an upper surface, the body comprising an offcut angle defined between the upper surface and a crystallographic reference plane, and the body further having an offcut angle variation of not greater than about 0.6 degrees. | 04-04-2013 |
20130118408 | SYSTEM FOR USE IN THE FORMATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS - A system used in the formation of a semiconductor crystalline material includes a first chamber configured to contain a liquid metal and a second chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber, the second chamber having a greater volume than a volume of the first reservoir chamber. The system further includes a vapor delivery conduit coupled to the first chamber configured to deliver a vapor phase reactant material into the first chamber to react with the liquid metal and form a metal halide vapor phase product. | 05-16-2013 |
20130143394 | SEMICONDUCTOR SUBSTRATE AND METHOD OF FORMING - A method of forming a semiconductor substrate including forming a base layer of a Group 13-15 material on a growth substrate during a growth process, forming a mask having mask regions and gap regions overlying the base layer during the growth process, and preferentially removing a portion of the base layer underlying the mask during the growth process. | 06-06-2013 |
20130288455 | METHOD OF FORMING A FREESTANDING SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER - A method of forming a freestanding semiconductor wafer includes providing a semiconductor substrate including a semiconductor layer having a back surface and an upper surface opposite the back surface, wherein the semiconductor layer comprises at least one permanent defect between the upper surface and back surface, removing a portion of the back surface of the semiconductor layer and the permanent defect from the semiconductor layer, and forming a portion of the upper surface after removing a portion of the back surface and the permanent defect. | 10-31-2013 |
20140065801 | Group III-V Substrate Material With Particular Crystallographic Features And Methods Of Making - A method of forming a semiconductor substrate including providing a base substrate including a semiconductor material, and forming a first semiconductor layer overlying the base substrate having a Group 13-15 material via hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE), the first semiconductor layer having an upper surface having a N-face orientation. | 03-06-2014 |
20140185639 | GROUP III-V SUBSTRATE MATERIAL WITH THIN BUFFER LAYER AND METHODS OF MAKING - A substrate comprises a Group III-V material having an upper surface and a buffer layer having a thickness of not greater than about 1.3 μm and overlying the upper surface of the substrate. A plurality of optoelectronic devices formed on the substrate having a normalized light emission wavelength standard deviation of not greater than about 0.0641 nm/cm | 07-03-2014 |
20150076512 | SEMICONDUCTOR SUBSTRATE AND METHOD OF FORMING - A method of forming a semiconductive substrate material for an electronic device including forming a plurality of semiconductive layers on a substrate during a continuous growth process in a reaction chamber, wherein during the continuous growth process, a release layer is formed between a base layer and an epitaxial layer by altering at least one growth process parameter during the continuous growth process. The method also including separating the plurality of semiconductive layers from the substrate. | 03-19-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120033649 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS - Systems and methods for mobile communications are disclosed herein. An example method for a mobile station includes sending to a network a mobile station capability information element, the mobile station capability information element including a first reduction of timeslots field for a downlink dual carrier non-enhanced flexible timeslot assignment operation mode and a second reduction of timeslots field for a downlink dual carrier enhanced flexible timeslot assignment operation mode. | 02-09-2012 |
20120213194 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS - Systems and methods for mobile communications are disclosed herein. An example method for a mobile station includes receiving first data from a carrier on a first frequency using a first receiver of the mobile station in a first timeslot, tuning a second frequency of the carrier using the second receiver while the first receiver is receiving the first data during the first timeslot, and receiving second data from the carrier on the second frequency using the second receiver during a second timeslot that immediately follows the first timeslot, wherein the mobile station receives data on all timeslots without each of two time division multiple access frames. | 08-23-2012 |
20130051374 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ENHANCED FLEXIBLE TIMESLOT ASSIGNMENT - A mobile station in a communications system includes hardware and software stored on a tangible computer readable medium that, during operation, cause the mobile station to indicate one or more multislot classes for the mobile station to a device on a network. Parameters applicable to enhanced flexible timeslot assignment operation are determined based on the parameters of the one or more indicated multislot classes. | 02-28-2013 |
20130121320 | SINGLE ANTENNA INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION IN A MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture for single antenna interference cancellation in a mobile communication system are disclosed. An example method disclosed herein for a wireless device comprises determining a number of bursts to be received in a time division multiple access frame comprising a plurality of timeslots, and when the number of bursts exceeds a threshold number of bursts for which single antenna interference cancellation can be performed, performing single antenna interference cancellation for a subset of the bursts received in the time division multiple access frame. | 05-16-2013 |
20130225169 | Method in a Device, and a Wireless Device - A method, and a wireless device, are disclosed; the method comprising monitoring a neighbour cell at a time interval; and if a criterion is satisfied, modifying monitoring of the neighbour cell. | 08-29-2013 |
20140269450 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TIMESLOT ASSIGNMENT IN A WIRELESS NETWORK - A mobile station in a communications system includes hardware and software stored on a tangible computer readable medium that, during operation, cause the mobile station to receive a timeslot assignment from a wireless network and operate based on the received timeslot assignment. The timeslot assignment may be based on whether a timing advance offset is used by the wireless network. The mobile station may also receive an indication from the wireless network, indicating whether a timing advance offset is used by the wireless network. The mobile station may subsequently operate based on the received indication. | 09-18-2014 |
20150071252 | Determination of Appropriate Radio Resource to be Requested in Case of a Circuit-Switched (CS) Fallback Procedure - A system and method for implementing fallback on a wireless device for circuit switched fallback from a first network that does not provide a circuit switched domain service is presented. A paging message is received from the first network. The paging message instructs the wireless device to implement circuit switched fallback to a circuit switched network. The paging message is inspected for information indicative of a service associated with the paging message, and a channel type suitable for the service is determined from the information indicative of the service. A request message for initiating the establishment of a radio connection is transmitted. The request message identifies the suitable channel type, and the service is used on the circuit switched network. | 03-12-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110110302 | Determination of Appropriate Radio Resource to be Requested in Case of a Circuit-Switched (CS) Fallback Procedure - A system and method for implementing fallback on a wireless device for circuit switched fallback from a first network that does not provide a circuit switched domain service is presented. A paging message is received from the first network. The paging message instructs the wireless device to implement circuit switched fallback to a circuit switched network. The paging message is inspected for information indicative of a service associated with the paging message, and a channel type suitable for the service is determined from the information indicative of the service. A request message for initiating the establishment of a radio connection is transmitted. The request message identifies the suitable channel type, and the service is used on the circuit switched network. | 05-12-2011 |
20110216718 | METHODS AND APPARATUS TO SIGNAL ACCESS-STRATUM CAPABILITIES OF MOBILE STATIONS FOR DATA TRANSFER SESSIONS - Example methods and apparatus to signal access-stratum capabilities of mobile stations for data transfer sessions are disclosed. In accordance with a disclosed example method a capabilities structure is selected from a group of capabilities structures. The capabilities structure is indicative of a set of radio access capabilities of a mobile station for a data transfer session between the mobile station and a network. A message is formatted based on the selected capabilities structure to include radio access capabilities information of the selected capabilities structure. A code is included in the message to indicate the presence of the selected capabilities structure in the message. The message is sent from the mobile station to the network. | 09-08-2011 |
20110216719 | METHODS AND APPARATUS TO SIGNAL USE-SPECIFIC CAPABILITIES OF MOBILE STATIONS TO ESTABLISH DATA TRANSFER SESSIONS - Example methods and apparatus to signal use-specific capabilities of mobile stations to establish data transfer sessions are disclosed. In accordance with a disclosed example method, a message is generated to initiate a data transfer session between a mobile station and a network. The message adaptable to indicate different radio access capabilities information of the mobile station. A subset of the different radio access capabilities information of the mobile station is indicated in the message. The indicated subset pertaining to a specific type of use by the mobile station for the data transfer session. The message is sent from the mobile station to the network. | 09-08-2011 |
20110216720 | METHODS AND APPARATUS TO INITIATE DATA TRANSFERS USING CAPABILITIES CLASSES OF PRE-DEFINED CAPABILITY CONFIGURATIONS - Example methods and apparatus to initiate data transfers using capabilities classes of pre-defined capability configurations are disclosed. In accordance with a disclosed example method, a message is generated to initiate a data transfer session between a mobile station and a network. A code value from a plurality of code values is selected. Each of the code values is pre-defined to indicate a respective subset of different types of radio access capabilities of the mobile station. The selected code value is included in the message. The message is sent from the mobile station to the network. | 09-08-2011 |
20110217980 | METHODS AND APPARATUS TO INDICATE SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUNICATING CAPABILITIES OF A DEVICE - Example methods and apparatus to indicate space requirements for communicating capabilities of a device are disclosed. In accordance with a disclosed example method, a request is sent to a network to request a quantity of blocks to be allocated for use by a mobile station. The quantity of blocks is determined based on a data size to identify radio access capabilities of the mobile station. An allocation of the quantity of blocks is received from the network. Radio access capability information of the mobile station is sent via the allocated blocks. | 09-08-2011 |
20110222475 | COMMUNICATION STATIONS AND METHODS FOR TRANSMITTING ON A RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL - Example communication stations and methods for transmitting on a random access channel (RACH) in wireless networks are disclosed herein. An example method for transmitting on an enhanced RACH by a device such that an initial access burst is received in a single time slot by a wireless network involves determining a timing advance, the timing advance being associated with a serving cell. The example method also involves transmitting, using the determined timing advance, the initial access burst, on the enhanced RACH, that includes at least one of an identifier or user data. | 09-15-2011 |
20110222476 | COMMUNICATION STATIONS AND METHODS FOR TRANSMITTING ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON AN ENHANCED RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL - Example communication stations and methods for transmitting additional information on an enhanced random access channel (RACH) are disclosed herein. An example method performed by a device involves generating an initial access burst for transmission on an enhanced RACH and transmitting the initial access burst using a timing advance. The timing advance is to cause the initial access burst to be received at the network within a single time slot of the enhanced RACH. The initial access burst includes at least one of information about capabilities of the device or information identifying the device. The example method also involves receiving a temporary block flow (TBF) assignment from the network in response to sending the at least one of the information about the capabilities of the device or the information identifying the device. | 09-15-2011 |
20110222492 | METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR REGISTRATION AND DATA TRANSMISSION USING FAST/ZERO CONTENTION RESOLUTION - Example methods and apparatus for registration and data transmission using fast/zero contention resolution are disclosed. An example method for transmission on a random-access channel (RACH) involves transmitting a mobile station radio access capabilities (MS RAC) message to a network and receiving an identification (ID) from the network subsequent to the MS RAC. The ID is locally unique and provides contention resolution. A timing advance is determined and further transmissions are performed on the RACH using the ID and the TA. | 09-15-2011 |
20110222527 | BASE STATIONS AND METHODS FOR RECEIVING TRANSMISSIONS ON AN ENHANCED RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL - Example base stations and methods for receiving transmissions on an enhanced random access channel (RACH) are disclosed herein. An example method for receiving transmissions on an enhanced RACH from a device such that an initial access burst is received in a single time slot from the device involves receiving the initial access burst from the device on the enhanced RACH. The initial access burst is sent by the device using a timing advance determined at the device. The initial access burst includes at least one of an identifier or user data. The enhanced RACH is a contention-based uplink-only channel requiring use of timing advances for transmissions thereon. | 09-15-2011 |
20110223932 | TIMING ADVANCE ENHANCEMENTS FOR CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS - Example methods and apparatus to implement timing advance enhancements for cellular communications are disclosed. A disclosed example method to communicate over a cellular network by a device involves retrieving a stored timing advance value and determining if the stored timing advance value is valid based at least on whether the device is operating in a stationary mode. When the stored timing advance is valid, a contention-based transmission is transmitted to a network using the stored timing advance value in order to compensate for propagation delay. | 09-15-2011 |
20120014345 | Determination of Appropriate Radio Resource to be Requested in Case of a Circuit-Switched (CS) Fallback Procedure - A system and method for implementing fallback on a wireless device for circuit switched fallback from a first network that does not provide a circuit switched domain service is presented. A paging message is received from the first network. The paging message instructs the wireless device to implement circuit switched fallback to a circuit switched network. The paging message is inspected for information indicative of a service associated with the paging message, and a channel type suitable for the service is determined from the information indicative of the service. A request message for initiating the establishment of a radio connection is transmitted. The request message identifies the suitable channel type, and the service is used on the circuit switched network. | 01-19-2012 |
20130142052 | METHODS AND APPARATUS TO INVOKE DATA EXCHANGE BASED NETWORK RECOVERY - Example methods and apparatus to conditionally invoke network recovery are disclosed. A disclosed example method in a wireless device involves detecting a radio resource connection failure and identifying whether downlink data is expected. The disclosed example method also includes initiating a registration procedure when downlink data is expected. | 06-06-2013 |
20130150024 | METHODS AND APPARATUS TO INVOKE QUALITY OF SERVICE BASED NETWORK RECOVERY - Example methods and apparatus to conditionally invoke network recovery are disclosed. A disclosed example method in a wireless device involves detecting a radio resource connection failure and identifying whether downlink data is expected. The disclosed example method also includes initiating a registration procedure when downlink data is expected. | 06-13-2013 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120213088 | METHODS AND APPARATUS TO REPORT LINK QUALITY MEASUREMENTS FOR DOWNLINK DUAL CARRIER OPERATION - Methods and apparatus to report link quality measurements for downlink dual carrier operation are disclosed. Example methods and apparatus disclosed herein implement one or more example techniques for reporting link quality measurements involving, for example, modifying measurement reporting messages to increase the number and/or types of link quality measurements that can be reported, permitting mobile stations, when appropriate, to use different reporting messages capable of supporting more link quality measurements, and/or prioritizing certain link quality measurements to be reported when the reporting messages do not contain sufficient space to report all requested and/or specified link quality measurements. | 08-23-2012 |
20120213153 | METHODS AND APPARATUS TO REPORT LINK QUALITY MEASUREMENTS FOR DOWNLINK DUAL CARRIER OPERATION - Methods and apparatus to report link quality measurements for downlink dual carrier operation are disclosed. Example methods and apparatus disclosed herein implement one or more example techniques for reporting link quality measurements involving, for example, modifying measurement reporting messages to increase the number and/or types of link quality measurements that can be reported, permitting mobile stations, when appropriate, to use different reporting messages capable of supporting more link quality measurements, and/or prioritizing certain link quality measurements to be reported when the reporting messages do not contain sufficient space to report all requested and/or specified link quality measurements. | 08-23-2012 |
20130121320 | SINGLE ANTENNA INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION IN A MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture for single antenna interference cancellation in a mobile communication system are disclosed. An example method disclosed herein for a wireless device comprises determining a number of bursts to be received in a time division multiple access frame comprising a plurality of timeslots, and when the number of bursts exceeds a threshold number of bursts for which single antenna interference cancellation can be performed, performing single antenna interference cancellation for a subset of the bursts received in the time division multiple access frame. | 05-16-2013 |