Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110072440 | PARALLEL PROCESSING SYSTEM AND METHOD - A parallel processing system determines whether to drive all or some processors so as to process data that are input based on capacity or time for processing the input data. Also, the system temporarily stores the data that are processed and output by the respective processors, and controls the same to be output when it becomes the calculated output time based on the traffic processing time for the input data. | 03-24-2011 |
20110149741 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING MULTI-LAYER PACKET - Provided is an apparatus and method for inspecting a multi-layer packet. The apparatus may include a lower layer processing unit to generate lower layer hash information based on a lower layer packet of the multi-layer packet, and to perform a first processing with respect to a flow of the multi-layer packet, in association with the generated lower layer hash information, and a higher layer preprocessing unit to perform a second processing with respect to a flow of the multi-layer packet where the first processing is performed, in association with the lower layer hash information. | 06-23-2011 |
20110153710 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PARALLEL-PROCESSING DATA FLOW - Provided is a data flow-parallel processing apparatus and method. The data flow-parallel processing apparatus may include a lower layer processing unit to identify a flow of inputted first data, a distribution unit to select, from among a plurality of upper layer processing units, an upper layer processing unit corresponding to the flow, and to transmit the first data to the selected upper layer processing unit, and an upper layer processing unit to process an upper layer packet of the first data, based on a local memory corresponding to the flow from among a plurality of local memories. | 06-23-2011 |
20120124583 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PARALLEL PROCESSING FLOW BASED DATA - Disclosed is an apparatus for parallel processing flow based data that may generate a first flow and a second flow based on data classified into lower layer information and upper layer information, may determine whether processing of the lower layer information or the upper layer information is required by analyzing the first flow or the second flow, and may process and output the lower layer information or the upper layer information using a flow unit based on the determination result. | 05-17-2012 |
20140164608 | CONTENT TRANSMISSION SYSTEM - In order to easily prevent traffic of a content data server, which provides an arbitrary content, from being overloaded, the content transmission system according to an exemplary embodiment includes a content data server which provides an arbitrary content to a plurality of terminals when a request signal for the arbitrary content is input from the plurality of terminals, a data control server which when the arbitrary content is provided, monitors whether the traffic of the content data server is overloaded and if the traffic is overloaded as a result of monitoring, generates a traffic distribution request signal, and a node control server which when the traffic distribution request signal is input from the data control server, controls to provide the arbitrary content to an arbitrary distribution node, which satisfies a setting standard among a plurality of distribution nodes, to be provided to an arbitrary terminal among the plurality of terminals. | 06-12-2014 |
20140317271 | METHOD AND NODE APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING INFORMATION IN CONTENT NETWORK BASED ON INFORMATION-CENTRIC NETWORKING - In a content network over which a plurality of smart nodes is coupled, each smart node receives advertisement messages broadcasted by adjacent smart nodes. The advertisement message may be one of a link state advertisement (LSA) message including link state information indicative of a link that is a network interface, a server state advertisement (SSA) message including server state information indicative of a data storage state and a processing state of a processing unit of the smart node, and a content state advertisement (CSA) message including content state information indicative of content stored in the smart node. Each smart node updates its own database based on the information included in the received advertisement message. | 10-23-2014 |
20140317272 | METHOD OF COLLECTING INFORMATION, CONTENT NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, AND NODE APPARATUS USING MANAGEMENT INTERFACE IN CONTENT NETWORK BASED ON INFORMATION-CENTRIC NETWORKING - In a content network over which a plurality of smart nodes is coupled, a content network management system receives information response messages including pieces of management interface base (MIB) information from smart nodes. Next, the content network management system classifies the pieces of MIB information included in the received response messages into server resource information, topology information, and network resource information, and stores and manages the pieces of information. | 10-23-2014 |
20150026346 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MANAGING CLOUD CENTERS - A plurality of local management systems each manage at least one of distributed cloud centers, and generate individual resource information about the cloud centers they manage. A global management system collects individual resource information about the corresponding cloud centers from the plurality of local management systems, and requests cloud center resources while transmitting profile information in a resource container format to the local management systems according to users who have requested a cloud service. | 01-22-2015 |
20150215405 | METHODS OF MANAGING AND STORING DISTRIBUTED FILES BASED ON INFORMATION-CENTRIC NETWORK - Provided are methods of managing and storing distributed files based on an information-centric network (ICN). A method of managing distributed files performed by an ICN node includes receiving a message for requesting provision of data from a first network node, determining whether a name of the requested data is identical to a name of data stored in the ICN node, and adaptively providing the data to the first network node based on a result of the determination. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the overall network load by preventing duplication of a data access path. | 07-30-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110081291 | MULTI WATER-GAS SHIFT MEMBRANE REACTOR FOR PRODUCING HIGH CONCENTRATION HYDROGEN AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN USING THE SAME - Disclosed are a multi water-gas shift membrane reactor for producing high-concentration hydrogen and a method for producing hydrogen using the same. More specifically, disclosed are a multi water-gas shift membrane reactor wherein high-concentration carbon monoxide, obtained by dry-gasification performed by reacting dry bituminous coal with water and oxygen, reacts with water gas in the presence of catalysts in a single reactor, to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide and separate highly pure hydrogen and carbon dioxide through a separation membrane arranged in a low region, and a method for producing hydrogen. | 04-07-2011 |
20110286901 | FLUIDIZED BED WATER GAS SHIFT MEMBRANE FOR SIMULTANEOUS CO2 SEPARATION AND CO2 SEPARATION METHOD USING THE SAME - Disclosed are a fluidized bed water gas shift membrane reactor and a method for separating carbon dioxide using the same. More specifically, disclosed are a fluidized bed water gas shift membrane reactor provided on the back of a gasification reactor to produce a synthetic gas consisting of hydrogen and carbon monoxide by reaction of a solid hydrocarbon with water or oxygen, wherein the carbon monoxide present in an amount of 40 to 70 vol % in the synthesis gas reacts with steam in the presence of a catalyst to produce a mix gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and the hydrogen is selectively isolated from the mix gas through a Pb—Cu shift membrane to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide present in the mix gas and separate the carbon dioxide, and a method for separating carbon dioxide using the same. | 11-24-2011 |
20120153223 | ABSORBENT FOR CAPTURING CARDON DIOXIDE INCLUDING AMINO ACID HAVING MULTI AMINE GROUPS AND METAL HYDROXIDE - Provided is an absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide. The absorbent may include an amino acid with multiple amine groups and an alkali-metal hydroxide mixed with the amino acid and thus, may increase an absorption capacity for carbon dioxide. When a sterically hindered effect is induced to the amino acid with multiple amine groups, the absorption capacity for carbon dioxide may increase and heat of absorption reaction may decrease and thus, energy consumed for regeneration of an absorbent may be reduced. The absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide may include amino acid with multiple amine groups and the metal hydroxide, and may provide a functional group around the amine groups to cause an sterically hindered effect and thus, the absorption capacity for carbon dioxide and an carbon dioxide absorption rate may increase, and the capital cost for a carbon dioxide capturing process and an operating cost may be significantly reduced. | 06-21-2012 |
20120302678 | IONIC LIQUID-POLYMER GEL MEMBRANE WITH IMPROVED GAS PERMEABILITY, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF - The present invention relates to an ionic liquid-polymer gel membrane with improved gas permeability, and a preparation method thereof, and more specifically, to a membrane prepared to allow an ionic liquid to be dispersed in a polymer gel, thereby improving gas permeability. Particularly, the present invention relates to an ionic liquid-polymer gel membrane wherein membrane selectivity and permeability exceed an upper bound by increasing the amount of dispersed ionic liquid, and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the membrane for separating a specific gas from a mixture gas according to the present invention comprises the following steps of: mixing a polymer, an ionic liquid and PC as a solvent to prepare a mixture solution; and drying the mixture solution to remove the solvent from the mixture solution. In addition, the polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropyl copolymer (PVdF-HFP), and the ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([emim][BF | 11-29-2012 |
20120308457 | Alkali-Carbonate-Based Carbon Dioxide Absorbent Containing Added Sterically Hindered Cyclic Amines, and Method for Removing Carbon Dioxide Removing Using Same - The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide absorbent, and more particularly, to an alkali carbonate-based carbon dioxide absorbent containing added sterically hindered cyclic amines, and to a method for removing carbon dioxide using same. By adding sterically hindered cyclic amines to an alkali carbonate material, the rate of carbon dioxide absorption is increased, renewable energy is reduced, and salt production and phase separation do not occur. | 12-06-2012 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100065865 | METHOD OF FORMING NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE COMPRISING THE SAME - A method of forming a nitride semiconductor through ion implantation and an electronic device including the same are disclosed. In the method, an ion implantation region composed of a line/space pattern is formed on a substrate at an ion implantation dose of more than 1E17 ions/cm | 03-18-2010 |
20100295087 | Light Emitting Diode with High Electrostatic Discharge and Fabrication Method Thereof - The present invention relates to a light emitting diode with high electrostatic discharge and a fabrication method thereof, and more specifically to a light emitting diode comprising a first electrode layer provided over a upper surface of a first semiconductor layer and a upper surface of a second semiconductor layer; a transparent electrode layer formed on the upper surface of the second semiconductor layer, spaced from the first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer provided on a upper surface of the transparent electrode layer. With the present invention, there is provided a light emitting diode element with resistance against electrostatic discharge and with high reliability being strong against electrical impact, by selecting a structure arranging a form of an electrode differently from a conventional electrode. | 11-25-2010 |
20110198635 | Light Emitting Diode With Metal Piles and Multi-Passivation Layers and Its Manufacturing Method - The present invention relates to a light emitting diode with metal piles and one or more passivation layers and a method for making the diode including a first steps of performing mesa etching respectively on a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer belonging to stacked layers formed on a substrate in sequence! a second step of forming a reflector layer on the mesa-etched upper and side face! a third step of contacting one or more first electrodes with the first semiconductor layer and one or more second electrodes through the reflector layer with the second semiconductor layer; a fourth step of forming a first passivation layer on the reflector layer and the contacted electrodes; and a fifth step of connecting the first electrodes to a first bonding pad through one or more first electrode lines, bring one ends of vertical extensions having the shape of a metal pile into contact with one or more second electrodes, and connecting the other ends of the vertical extensions to a second bonding pad through one or more second electrode lines. As effects of the present invention, the loss of light emitting area decreases and current diffusion efficiency increases. | 08-18-2011 |
20140138613 | LIGHT EMITTING DIODE HAVING HETEROGENEOUS PROTRUSION STRUCTURES - An object of the present invention is to provide a light emitting diode having a heterogeneous material structure and a method of manufacturing thereof, in which efficiency of extracting light to outside is improved by forming depressions and prominences configured of heterogeneous materials different from each other before or in the middle of forming a semiconductor material on a substrate in order to improve the light extraction efficiency. | 05-22-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090141851 | NUCLEAR FUEL ROD FOR FAST REACTORS WITH OXIDE COATING LAYER ON INNER SURFACE OF CLADDING, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF - Disclosed herein are a nuclear fuel rod for fast reactors, which includes an oxide coating layer formed on the inner surface of a cladding, and a manufacturing method thereof. The nuclear fuel rod for fast reactors, which includes the oxide coating layer formed on the inner surface of the cladding, can increase the maximum permissible burnup and maximum permissible temperature of the metallic fuel slug for fast reactors so as to prolong the its lifecycle in the fast reactors, thus increasing economic efficiency. Also, the fuel rod is manufactured in a simpler manner compared to the existing method, in which a metal liner is formed, and the disclosed method enables the cladding of the fuel rod to be manufactured in an easy and cost-effective way. | 06-04-2009 |
20100108207 | MANUFACTURING METHOD OF HIGH STRENGTH FERRITIC/MARTENSITIC STEELS - Provided is a method of manufacturing a high strength ferritic/martensitic steel. The method includes melting a ferritic/martensitic steel, hot-working the melted ferritic/martensitic steel, normalizing the hot-worked ferritic/martensitic steel at a temperature of about 1050° C. to about 1200° C., tempering the ferritic/martensitic steel at a temperature of about 600° C. or less, and leaving MX precipitates while preventing a M | 05-06-2010 |
20110162764 | HIGH-CR FERRITIC/MARTENSITIC STEEL HAVING IMPROVED CREEP RESISTANCE AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF - High-Cr ferritic/martensitic steels having an improved tensile strength and creep resistance are provided, which includes 0.04˜0.13 weight % of carbon, 0.03˜0.07 weight % of silicon, 0.40˜0.50 weight % of manganese, 0.40˜0.50 weight % of nickel, 8.5˜9.5 weight % of chromium, 0.45˜0.55 weight % of molybdenum, 0.10˜0.25 weight % of vanadium, 0.02˜0.10 weight % of tantalum, 0.15˜0.25 weight % of niobium, 1.5˜3.0 weight % of tungsten, 0.05˜0.12 weight % of nitrogen, 0.004˜0.008 weight % of boron, and optionally, 0.002˜0.010 weight % of phosphorus or 0.01˜0.08 weight % of zirconium, and iron balance. By regulating the contents of alloying elements such as niobium, tantalum, tungsten, nitrogen, boron, zirconium, carbon, the high-Cr ferritic/martensitic steels with superior tensile strength and creep resistance are provided, and can be effectively used as an in-core structural material for Generation IV sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) which is used under high temperature and high irradiation conditions. | 07-07-2011 |
20120106693 | HIGH Cr FERRITIC/MARTENSITIC STEELS HAVING AN IMPROVED CREEP RESISTANCE FOR IN-CORE COMPONENT MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR REACTOR, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF - Disclosed herein is a high Cr Ferritic/Martensitic steel comprising 0.04 to 0.13% by weight of carbon, 0.03 to 0.07% by weight of silicon, 0.40 to 0.50% by weight of manganese, 0.40 to 0.50% by weight of nickel, 8.5 to 9.5% by weight of chromium, 0.45 to 0.55% by weight of molybdenum, 0.10 to 0.25% by weight of vanadium, 0.02 to 0.10% by weight of tantalum, 0.21 to 0.25% by weight of niobium, 1.5 to 3.0% by weight of tungsten, 0.015 to 0.025% by weight of nitrogen, 0.01 to 0.02% by weight of boron and iron balance. By regulating the contents of alloying elements such as nitrogen, born, the high Cr Ferritic/Martensitic steel with to superior tensile strength and creep resistance is provided, and can be effectively used as an in-core component material for sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR). | 05-03-2012 |
20130170603 | NUCLEAR FUEL ROD FOR FAST REACTOR - A nuclear fuel rod for a fast reactor includes tubular fuel materials comprising a hollow portion formed therein, a tubular inner pipe inserted into the hollow portion of the tubular fuel materials to prevent collapse of the tubular fuel materials due to combustion of nuclear fuel, a tubular cladding pipe which surrounds the tubular fuel materials, and a liquid metal, or He gas or vacuum applied in a gap between the tubular fuel materials and the tubular cladding pipe. | 07-04-2013 |
20140205054 | NUCLEAR FUEL ROD FOR FAST REACTORS INCLUDING METALLIC FUEL SLUG COATED WITH PROTECTIVE COATING LAYER AND FABRICATION METHOD THEREOF - Provided are a nuclear fuel rod for fast reactors that includes a metallic fuel slug coated with a protective coating layer and a fabrication method thereof. The nuclear fuel rod for fast reactors that includes a surface treated metallic fuel slug and a cladding tube according to the present invention has an excellent effect of stabilizing components of the metallic fuel slug and fission products or impurities, because the interdiffusion between the metallic fuel slug and the cladding tube does not occur. Also, since the uniform coating on the surface of the metallic fuel slug may be facilitated and fabrication costs may be significantly reduced in comparison to a typical technique of using a functional material for preventing the interdiffusion at an inner surface of the cladding tube, it may be suitable for fabricating the nuclear fuel rod for fast reactors. | 07-24-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120312585 | Soft Electrode Material and Manufacturing Method Thereof - There is provided a soft electrode material including an electrode layer containing a mixture of carbon black and at least one selected from carbon nanotube and graphene, so that the soft electrode material can facilitate various transformation thereof in response to physical transformation of an electrode, such as warpage, elongation, and the like; prevent the rapid reduction in electric conductivity of an electrode while maintaining flexibility and elasticity of the electrode at the time of the transformation; and provide excellent reliability, and thus, electrical-mechanical energy conversion efficiency of a soft electronic component such as an actuator including the soft electrode material, can be increased, and electric conductivity of the electrode layer can be improved as the electrical-mechanical conversion efficiency increases. | 12-13-2012 |
20130042861 | HELMET-TYPE PERSONAL DISASTER RELIEF DEVICE - Provided is a helmet-type personal disaster relief device which supplies fresh air to a wearer during an evacuation time period upon the occurrence of disasters, and protects the skin of the face, neck and shoulders of the wearer. For this purpose, the helmet-type personal disaster relief device of the present invention comprises a helmet body having an outer shell, an inner shell formed inside the outer shell, and an air storage space formed between the outer shell and the inner shell. to store compressed air; an air inlet port open/shut device arranged at an air inlet port which is formed at the outer shell to inject air into the air storage space; an air outlet port open/shut device which is arranged in an internal space of the helmet body to open/shut an air outlet port for discharging the compressed air stored in the air storage space to the space where the wearer breaths; an air outlet port open/shut device operating device installed in the outer shell to operate the air outlet port open/shut device; and a transparent window formed at the front surface of the outer shell. | 02-21-2013 |
20150056905 | OXYGEN SUPPLY ELEVATOR - Oxygen supply elevator which supplies oxygen to an internal space of the elevator or a separate oxygen mask provided in the elevator, thereby allowing a user to easily breathe and removing smoke or the like. The oxygen supply elevator includes: an oxygen containing unit which is provided in a facility mounting space formed on the elevator and contains oxygen at pressure higher than atmospheric pressure; an oxygen supply unit which is connected with the oxygen containing unit through at least one communication channel and supplies oxygen to an oxygen supply space in the elevator; a valve unit which is provided on the communication channel and adjusts a flow rate of oxygen discharged from the oxygen containing unit; and a control unit which is connected to the valve unit and adjusts whether to open or close the valve unit or an opening amount of the valve unit. | 02-26-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090298289 | Chemical Mechanical Polishing Composition for Copper Comprising Zeolite - The present invention relates to a novel slurry composition for copper polishing, comprising zeolite which is a porous crystalline material for CMP of copper film in a semiconductor manufacturing process. The slurry composition according to the present invention comprises zeolite, an oxidant and a polish promoting agent and may further comprise a corrosion inhibitor, a surfactant, an aminoalcohol, an antiseptic and a dispersion agent and pH is in a range of 1 to 7. The zeolite slurry according to the present invention has advantages of absorbing and removing metal cation generated in CMP process by using zeolite and having a low level of scratches as the zeolite has micropores therein and thus its hardness is low. The slurry composition using zeolite of the present invention is usable to both first and second step polishing of copper damascene process and particularly useful as the first step polishing slurry for copper. | 12-03-2009 |
20090312216 | Photoresist Stripper Composition for Semiconductor Manufacturing - The present invention relates to a photoresist stripper composition for removing the photoresist in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device. More particularly, the photoresist stripper composition comprises 3-20 wt % of hydrazine hydrate or amine compound; 20˜40 wt % of polar solvent; 0.01-3 wt % of corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of imidazoline derivative, sulfide derivative, sulfoxide derivative, aromatic compound or aromatic compound with hydroxyl group; 0.01-5 wt % of monoalcohol compound of C2-C10; and 40-70 wt % of deionized water. The photoresist stripper composition for manufacturing the semiconductor can remove the photoresist film thermoset by hard bake, dry etching, ashing or ion implantation and denatured by the metallic by-product etched from the bottom metallic film in said process at low temperature easily and quickly, and minimize the corrosion of the bottom metallic wiring in the removing process of the photoresist. | 12-17-2009 |
20110045741 | Auto-Stopping Abrasive Composition for Polishing High Step Height Oxide Layer - Disclosed is a chemical-mechanical polishing composition used in a process for chemical-mechanical polishing of silicon oxide layer having severe unevenness with large step-height. The composition includes abrasive particles of metal oxide; and at least one compound(s) selected from the group consisting of amino alcohols, hydroxycarboxylic acid having at least 3 of the total number of carboxylic acid group(s) and hydroxyl group(s) or their salts, or a mixture thereof. A polymeric organic acid, a preservative, a lubricant and a surfactant may be further contained. The composition shortens the vapor-deposition time of a layer to be polished, saves the raw material to be vapor-deposited, shortens the chemical-mechanical polishing time, and saves the slurry employed. | 02-24-2011 |
20110256485 | ETCHANT COMPOSITION, PATTERNING CONDUCTIVE LAYER AND MANUFACTURING FLAT PANEL, DISPLAY DEVICE USING THE SAME - An etchant composition that allows simplification and optimization of semiconductor manufacturing process is presented, along with a method of patterning a conductive layer using the etchant and a method of manufacturing a flat panel display using the etchant. The etchant includes nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, and an acetate compound in addition to water. | 10-20-2011 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090269414 | PROCESS OF PREPARING MICROSPHERES FOR SUSTAINED RELEASE HAVING IMPROVED DISPERSIBILITY AND SYRINGEABILITY - Disclosed is a process of preparing sustained release microspheres, containing a biodegradable polymer as a carrier and a drug, using spray drying. The process comprises preparing a solution, suspension or emulsion containing a biodegradable polymer, a drug and a solvent; spray drying the solution, suspension or emulsion; and suspending spray-dried microspheres in an aqueous solution containing polyvinyl alcohol to remove the residual solvent and increase the hydrophilicity of the microsphere surface. The process enables the preparation of microspheres having high drug encapsulation efficiency, almost not having a toxicity problem due to the residual solvent, and having good syringeability. The microspheres prepared according to the present invention release an effective concentration of a drug in a sustained manner for a predetermined period when administered to the body, and are thus useful in the treatment of diseases. | 10-29-2009 |
20100136126 | COMPOSITION AND MICROSPHERE FOR CONTROLLED-RELEASE OF EXENDIN, AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME - A controlled-release composition and controlled-release microspheres containing an exendin as an active ingredient, and a method of preparing the same are provided. More specifically, a controlled-release composition containing an exendin as an active ingredient, a biodegradable polymer with a specific viscosity, and coating materials, having high bioavailability and showing sustained release of the active ingredient in an effective concentration for a certain period without an excessive initial burst of the active ingredient; controlled-release microspheres containing a core including an exendin as an active ingredient and a biodegradable polymer, and a coating layer coating the core; and a method of preparing controlled-release microspheres including the steps of mixing an exendin, a biodegradable polymer, and a solvent, removing the solvent from the mixture to prepare hardened microspheres, and coating the hardened microspheres to form a coating layer on the surface of each microsphere, are provided. | 06-03-2010 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090269414 | PROCESS OF PREPARING MICROSPHERES FOR SUSTAINED RELEASE HAVING IMPROVED DISPERSIBILITY AND SYRINGEABILITY - Disclosed is a process of preparing sustained release microspheres, containing a biodegradable polymer as a carrier and a drug, using spray drying. The process comprises preparing a solution, suspension or emulsion containing a biodegradable polymer, a drug and a solvent; spray drying the solution, suspension or emulsion; and suspending spray-dried microspheres in an aqueous solution containing polyvinyl alcohol to remove the residual solvent and increase the hydrophilicity of the microsphere surface. The process enables the preparation of microspheres having high drug encapsulation efficiency, almost not having a toxicity problem due to the residual solvent, and having good syringeability. The microspheres prepared according to the present invention release an effective concentration of a drug in a sustained manner for a predetermined period when administered to the body, and are thus useful in the treatment of diseases. | 10-29-2009 |
20100136126 | COMPOSITION AND MICROSPHERE FOR CONTROLLED-RELEASE OF EXENDIN, AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME - A controlled-release composition and controlled-release microspheres containing an exendin as an active ingredient, and a method of preparing the same are provided. More specifically, a controlled-release composition containing an exendin as an active ingredient, a biodegradable polymer with a specific viscosity, and coating materials, having high bioavailability and showing sustained release of the active ingredient in an effective concentration for a certain period without an excessive initial burst of the active ingredient; controlled-release microspheres containing a core including an exendin as an active ingredient and a biodegradable polymer, and a coating layer coating the core; and a method of preparing controlled-release microspheres including the steps of mixing an exendin, a biodegradable polymer, and a solvent, removing the solvent from the mixture to prepare hardened microspheres, and coating the hardened microspheres to form a coating layer on the surface of each microsphere, are provided. | 06-03-2010 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120252793 | INTRANASAL BENZODIAZEPINE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS - The present invention generally relates to intranasal pharmaceutical compositions comprising a benzodiazepine and methods of use thereof that can provide a therapeutic effect without a decrease in blood pressure and/or pulse after administration of the pharmaceutical composition. | 10-04-2012 |
20140051690 | Transnasal Anticonvulsive Pharmaceutical Composition Comprising Poorly Soluble Anticonvulsant - There is provided a transnasal anticonvulsive pharmaceutical composition including a poorly soluble anticonvulsant. The anticonvulsive pharmaceutical composition comprising a poorly soluble anticonvulsant as an active component, which is transnasally spray-administered, comprises diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and fatty acid ester, wherein the fatty acid ester is selected from the group consisting of caprylocaproyl polyoxylglyceride, isopropyl palmitate, oleoyl polyoxylglyceride, sorbitan monolaurate 20, methyl laurate, ethyl laurate, and polysorbate 20. Also, the anticonvulsive pharmaceutical composition comprising a poorly soluble anticonvulsant as an active component, which is transnasally spray-administered, comprises diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, fatty acid ester, methylpyrrolidone, water and alcohol. Therefore, the transnasal anticonvulsive pharmaceutical composition may be useful to highly enhance the bioavailability of the poorly soluble anticonvulsant. Also, the transnasal anticonvulsive pharmaceutical composition may be useful to allow the poorly soluble anticonvulsant to show the improved viscosity and/or enhanced solubility in order to effectively deliver the poorly soluble anticonvulsant at a therapeutic dose. | 02-20-2014 |
20140128381 | Intranasal Benzodiazepine Pharmaceutical Compositions - The present invention generally relates to intranasal pharmaceutical compositions comprising a benzodiazepine and methods of use thereof that can provide a therapeutic effect without a decrease in blood pressure and/or pulse after administration of the pharmaceutical composition. | 05-08-2014 |
20150283243 | SOLID DISPERSIONS OF INSOLUBLE DRUG AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF - The present invention relates to a solid dispersion characterized in that it comprises carbamic acid 3-(4-ben-zyloxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-ylmethyl ester as an active ingredient and a water-soluble polymer having a glass transition temperature lower than the melting point of the active ingredient as a carrier, and it is prepared via melt extrusion. The solid dispersion of the present invention remarkably increases the solubility and dissolution rate of the active ingredient which is an insoluble drug to efficiently improve the bioavailability when it is orally administered. | 10-08-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090140075 | DEVICE FOR REMOVABLY COUPLING DISPOSABLE NOZZLE TIP FOR BIDET - Disclosed herein is a device for removably coupling a disposable nozzle tip for a bidet. The device includes a nozzle, a nozzle tip, a guide cover, and a removable coupling unit. The nozzle has a nozzle body through which a washing-water guide hole passes, and a coupling hole. The nozzle tip has a coupling protrusion removably inserted into the coupling hole, and a jet hole to spray washing water. The guide cover is secured to a bottom of the nozzle tip in such a way as to be positioned under the jet hole, and guides the washing water to the jet hole. The removable coupling unit includes external threads formed in an outer circumference of the coupling protrusion, and internal threads formed in an inner circumference of the coupling hole. Further, the device includes stoppers comprising a pair of a protrusion and a hole, or a pair of protrusions, provided on the nozzle and the nozzle tip in such a way as to be symmetric with respect to each other, and preventing the nozzle tip from excessively rotating relative to the nozzle. The device provides a clean nozzle tip, thus allowing the genital and anal areas to be hygienically washed using washing water, and simplifies the structure of the nozzle tip, thus facilitating a mounting and detaching operation, and includes stoppers, thus preventing the nozzle and the nozzle tip from being damaged. | 06-04-2009 |
20110010834 | DEVICE FOR REMOVABLY COUPLING DISPOSABLE NOZZLE TIP FOR BIDET - Disclosed herein is a device for removably coupling a disposable nozzle tip for a bidet. The device includes a nozzle, a nozzle tip, a guide cover, and a removable coupling unit. The nozzle has a nozzle body through which a washing-water guide hole passes, and a coupling hole. The nozzle tip has a coupling protrusion removably inserted into the coupling hole, and a jet hole to spray washing water. The guide cover is secured to a bottom of the nozzle tip in such a way as to be positioned under the jet hole, and guides the washing water to the jet hole. The removable coupling unit includes external threads formed in an outer circumference of the coupling protrusion, and internal threads formed in an inner circumference of the coupling hole. Further, the device includes stoppers comprising a pair of a protrusion and a hole, or a pair of protrusions, provided on the nozzle and the nozzle tip in such a way as to be symmetric with respect to each other, and preventing the nozzle tip from excessively rotating relative to the nozzle. The device provides a clean nozzle tip, thus allowing the genital and anal areas to be hygienically washed using washing water, and simplifies the structure of the nozzle tip, thus facilitating a mounting and detaching operation, and includes stoppers, thus preventing the nozzle and the nozzle tip from being damaged. | 01-20-2011 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110144348 | VOLTAGE-SENSITIVE DYE AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME - Provided is a voltage sensitive dye represented by Formula 7. | 06-16-2011 |
20120129258 | CELL CHIP AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME - Disclosed herein are a cell chip and a method of fabricating the same. The cell chip includes a cell-adhesivecell-adhesive layer disposed on a substrate. Photocrosslinked polymer barriers are disposed on the cell-adhesivecell-adhesive layer. The photocrosslinked polymer barriers may serve to restrict and grow cells only on the cell-adhesivecell-adhesive layer exposed between the barriers. Therefore, a cell growth direction may be precisely controlled. In addition, the photocrosslinked polymer barrier has a pattern formed by light, and simplifies a process of fabricating a cell chip. | 05-24-2012 |
20130149844 | METHOD OF GROWING ZINC OXIDE NANOWIRE - Methods of growing a zinc oxide nanowire are provided. According to the method, developing a photoresist layer and etching a zinc oxide seed layer may be successively performed using a tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution. Thus, change of solutions may not be required, such that the number of processes may be reduced. | 06-13-2013 |
20130154609 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RECODING NEURAL SIGNALS - Provided are an apparatus and a method for recoding neuronal signals. The apparatus may include a substrate with an electrode region, a plurality of stimulation electrodes arranged on the electrode region to have a specific arrangement, and at least one recording electrode provided between adjacent ones of the stimulation electrodes and attached with an axon of the neuronal cell. Each of the stimulation electrodes may be attached with a body of a neuronal cell. | 06-20-2013 |
20140020936 | ELECTRODE SENSOR AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME - Provide are an electrode sensor and a method of fabricating the same. the method may include providing a substrate with a first electrode, forming a resist layer on the substrate to cover the first electrode, patterning the resist layer to expose a portion of the first electrode, forming an insulating layer on the substrate, removing the insulating layer on the resist layer and the resist layer to form a well in the insulating layer, and forming a second electrode in the well to be electrically connected to the first electrode. According to the method, it is possible to prevent the first electrode from being damaged. In addition, the second electrode may be configured have an increased surface area, and thus, the electrode can have low impedance. | 01-23-2014 |
20150112180 | MESOPOROUS NEURONAL ELECTRODE USING SURFACTANT AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME - A mesoporous neuronal electrode using a surfactant and a method of making the same are disclosed. A mesoporous neuronal electrode according to an exemplary embodiment includes a first metal nanoparticle, a second metal nanoparticle or both of the first and second metal nanoparticles on a surface of the electrode. | 04-23-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120082347 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CALCULATING MOTION OF OBJECT - Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for measuring a speed of a rotation body and recognizing a spin using a line scan. The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for calculating a motion of an object capable of acquiring line scan images using some lines of an area scan camera and calculating a three-dimensional speed and a three-dimensional spin of a rotation body by using a composite image in which the line scan images are coupled. The present invention can provide a realistic game or training at low cost by providing realistic physical simulation of the rotation body while allowing a competitive price when producing products by using the existing inexpensive camera. | 04-05-2012 |
20120148099 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING FLIGHT INFORMATION OF A SPHERICAL OBJECT WITH HIGH-SPEED STEREO CAMERA - Disclosed is a method for automatically extracting centroids and features of a spherical object required to measure a flight speed, a flight direction, a rotation speed, and a rotation axis of the spherical object in a system for measuring flight information of the spherical object with a high-speed stereo camera. | 06-14-2012 |
20120150502 | SIMULATION METHOD OF FLYING TRAJECTORY OF BALL - Disclosed is a simulation method of a flying trajectory of a ball which flies while rotating. More particularly, An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides an accurate simulation method of a flying trajectory of a flying ball by reflecting a roughness feature of the surface of the ball in which the flying trajectory of the ball is simulated by calculating drag force, lifting force, and gravity applied to the ball which files while rotating and the drag force and the lifting force are adjusted by a function for calculating air density and a function associated with a change in the force of wind. | 06-14-2012 |
20130135466 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING ROTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ROTATING BODY - Disclosed are a method and apparatus for measuring rotation characteristics such as rotation rate, rotation axis, and rotation angle of a rotating body. A method of measuring rotation characteristics includes extracting a rotating-body region from an image of the rotating body; extracting a surface pattern of the rotating body on the basis of brightness values of the extracted rotating-body region and acquiring rotation characteristics of the rotating body on the basis of change in the extracted surface pattern. Accordingly, it is possible to accurately measure rotation characteristics regardless of variation in brightness values of a surface region of the rotating body depending on illumination of a lamp, sensitivity of a camera, and exposure time of a camera. | 05-30-2013 |
20130158966 | METHOD OF COLLISION SIMULATION FOR SPINNING BALL - Disclosed is a method of simulating a collision trajectory of a ball which rotates and moves in a virtual sports game (for example, golf, baseball, soccer, or tennis). A method of collision simulation for a spinning ball includes: detecting collision of a spinning ball; calculating a velocity of the ball after colliding considering rotation of the ball and the friction with the ground; calculating a center point of the ball after colliding; and rolling and stopping the ball. The detecting of collision of a spinning ball includes: checking whether a segment connecting a center point in a previous position of the ball and a center point in the current position collides with the ground; and generating vectors of a lower part of the ball to check whether the vectors collide with the ground. | 06-20-2013 |
20140163915 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TUNING TRAJECTORY MODEL OF BALL - Provided are a method and apparatus for tuning a trajectory model of a ball. The method includes generating a real trajectory of the ball based on a difference among a plurality of flight images for the ball, calculating kinetic characteristics of the ball based on the real trajectory, correcting at least one of the kinetic characteristics and a characteristic coefficient of the ground based on the real trajectory, and tuning a ball simulation trajectory based on the corrected at least one of the kinetic characteristics and the characteristic coefficient of the ground. A trajectory after the ball collides with the ground can be accurately generated. | 06-12-2014 |
20150146928 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TRACKING MOTION BASED ON HYBRID CAMERA - An apparatus and method for tracing a motion of an object using high-resolution image data and low-resolution depth data acquired by a hybrid camera in a motion analysis system used for tracking a motion of a human being. The apparatus includes a data collecting part, a data fusion part, a data partitioning part, a correspondence point tracking part, and a joint tracking part. Accordingly, it is possible to precisely track a motion of the object by fusing the high-resolution image data and the low-resolution depth data, which are acquired by the hybrid camera. | 05-28-2015 |
20150193945 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING DANCE MOTION BASED ON POSE AND TIMING CONSTRAINTS - The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for generating dance motion based on pose and timing constraints. A method and apparatus for generating dance motion based on pose and timing constraints according to an embodiment of the present invention can, when a user assigns pose to the music for authoring dance choreography, search poses including the most similar pose and select poses having high connectivity to naturally connect them. | 07-09-2015 |
20150208954 | APPARATUS FOR ANALYZING HUMAN MOTION - The present invention provides an apparatus for analyzing human motion including a bio-sensor configured to transmit a bio-signal by being attached to a body part; a receiver configured to receive the bio-signal; and a controller configured to determine position and velocity of the bio-sensor based on the bio-signal and estimate position and velocity of the joint adjacent to the body part based on the position and velocity of the bio-sensor. Accordingly, the present invention can reduce restrictions in movements by using a wireless bio-signal without having any problem in being hidden. | 07-30-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110034171 | COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SINGLE-POINT TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION AND COORDINATED MULTI-POINT TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION - A communication system and method for single-point transmission and reception and coordinated multi-point transmission and reception are provided. The system and method include determining information associated with a channel status of a target terminal. The system and method also include selecting, with respect to the target terminal, one of single-point transmission and reception and coordinated multi-point transmission and reception based on the information associated with the channel status of the target terminal. | 02-10-2011 |
20110070884 | METHOD FOR MULTI-POINT COOPERATION CONSIDERING DELAY IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Provided is a method of a multi-node cooperation considering a delay in a wireless communication system. A frame format may perform scheduling so that uplink cooperation terminals having a similar delay attribute may be classified into an uplink cooperation zone, to thereby prevent interference between the uplink cooperation zone and a non-cooperation zone. An extended cyclic prefix may be applied according to a delay attribute occurring due to an application of the multi-node cooperation. A cooperation base station of an uplink and a downlink may be determined based on the extended cyclic prefix. | 03-24-2011 |
20130150048 | COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SINGLE-POINT TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION AND COORDINATED MULTI-POINT TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION - A communication system and method for single-point transmission and reception and coordinated multi-point transmission and reception are provided. The system and method include determining information associated with a channel status of a target terminal. The system and method also include selecting, with respect to the target terminal, one of single-point transmission and reception and coordinated multi-point transmission and reception based on the information associated with the channel status of the target terminal. | 06-13-2013 |
20130156181 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATING SECRET KEY USING CHANGE IN WIRELESS CHANNEL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORK - A secret key generation apparatus and method are provided. The secret key generation apparatus includes at least one antenna, amplification/phase controllers, a transceiver, and a random sign& controller. The antenna receives a wireless signal from a counterpart terminal that performs wireless communication. The amplification/phase controllers control the amplification gain and phase of the wireless signal that is received via at least one antenna. The transceiver measures the status of a wireless channel using the wireless signal having the controlled amplification gain and phase, determines parameters based on results of the measurement, and generates a secret key based on results of the determination. The random signal controller controls the amplification/phase controllers so that the amplification gain and phase are adjusted whenever the transceiver generates a secret key. | 06-20-2013 |
20130163752 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATING GROUP KEY USING STATUS OF WIRELESS CHANNEL - An apparatus and method for generating a group key using the status of a wireless channel are provided. The apparatus includes a representative channel response selection unit for selecting a representative channel response signal from among pilot signals received from slave terminals. A key generation unit generates a group key based on a representative channel response value of the representative channel response signal. A hash value generation unit generates a hash value corresponding to the group key. A transmission pilot control unit adjusts power intensities of transmission pilots of the respective slave terminals using the channel response value of the representative channel response signal and channel response values and transmission power intensities of the slave terminals. A communication unit is individually connected to the slave terminals and configured to transmit pilot signals, power intensities of which have been adjusted, and the hash value to the slave terminals. | 06-27-2013 |
20140047565 | AUTHENTICATION REQUESTING APPARATUS, AUTHENTICATION PROCESSING APPARATUS, AND AUTHENTICATION EXECUTION METHOD BASED ON PHYSICALLY UNCLONABLE FUNCTION - An authentication requesting apparatus, an authentication processing apparatus and an authentication execution method based on a physically unclonable function (PUF) are provided. The authentication requesting apparatus includes a signal transmission and reception unit, a response generation unit, and an authentication request unit. The signal transmission and reception unit receives a first pilot signal from an authentication processing apparatus that processes authentication. The response generation unit generates a challenge value based on the first pilot signal, acquires an output value by inputting the challenge value into a PUF circuit, and generates a response value from the output value. The authentication request unit requests authentication by transmitting the response value to the authentication processing apparatus, receives authentication result information from the authentication processing apparatus, and determines whether authentication has been successful. | 02-13-2014 |
20150023503 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING SECURE DATA IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - An apparatus and method for transmitting secure data in a wireless communication system are provided. The apparatus includes a key generation unit, and a transmission and reception unit. The key generation unit generates an encryption key stream that is used to convert plain text data into an encrypted data signal. The transmission and reception unit obtains wireless channel state information from a received pilot signal and transmits the obtained wireless channel state information to the key generation unit, and encrypts the plain text data based on the encryption key stream and transmits the encrypted plain text data to a counterpart terminal over a wireless channel. The key generation unit generates the encryption key stream based on the wireless channel state information, and transmits the encryption key stream to the transmission and reception unit. | 01-22-2015 |
20150146872 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING SENSITIVE DATA USING RELAY - An apparatus and method for transmitting sensitive data using a relay are disclosed. The apparatus for transmitting sensitive data includes a receiver, a key generation unit, and a transmitter. The receiver receives a pilot signal via an antenna, and estimates the state of a wireless channel using the received pilot signal. The key generation unit generates an encryption key stream based on information including the state of the wireless channel. The transmitter transmits plain text data using the encryption key stream, or transmits a pilot signal. | 05-28-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090157877 | Sensing Information Management Apparatus and Method of Sensor Based Home Network System - An apparatus of managing sensing information for a sensor based home network and a method thereof are disclosed. The apparatus includes a sensor network to collect sensing information from multifunctional sensor nodes, a sensing information processing and managing unit for deciding the optimized context information through controlling and managing the collected sensing information according to all of the context information and providing services suitable to user's intention and environment. Therefore, the apparatus prevents collision and minimizes the interference generated between sensing information. | 06-18-2009 |
20100069006 | PRIORITY-BASED WIRELESS USB TRANSFER SERVICE MANAGEMENT APPARATUS AND METHOD THEREOF - A priority-based wireless USB transfer service management apparatus and method capable of preventing conflict or interference between service and minimizing waste of resources by providing optimized service supporting environment according to characteristics and media classes of various wireless USB devices are provided. In the priority-based wireless USB transfer service management apparatus and method, wireless data transmitted from wireless USB devices are integrated according to service classes, service management information is configured by identifying the wireless data according to associated protocols, services are classified based on the service management information, priorities and weighting factors are allocated according to the services, final service determination information is configured based on a user's request, and a to-be-performed service is determined based on the final service determination information, so that the determined service is controlled to be performed. | 03-18-2010 |
20120003550 | STEAM GENERATOR FOR FUEL CELL WITH DUAL USE FOR HEATING FUEL ELECTRODE GAS - The steam generator for a fuel cell with dual use for heating fuel electrode gas according to the invention is configured as a single unit comprising a steam generator ( | 01-05-2012 |
20150053498 | SILENCER FOR A VEHICLE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM - A silencer for a vehicle air conditioning system is designed to reduce a noise and a vibration of a compressor transmitted into a vehicle room along coolant pipes. The silencer includes a silencer body tube and an external resonance tube. The silencer body tube is installed between the coolant pipes wherein a coolant gas flowing along the coolant pipes passes through the silencer body tube, the silencer body tube including one or more resonance holes formed on an outer circumferential surface of the silencer body tube. The external resonance tube is installed on the outer circumferential surface of the silencer body tube wherein a resonance chamber for absorbing a vibration and a noise of a coolant gas flowing through the silencer body tube is defined between the outer circumferential surface of the silencer body tube and the external resonance tube. | 02-26-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110112829 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ENCODING AND DECODING OF INTEGRATED SPEECH AND AUDIO - Provided are an apparatus and a method for integrally encoding and decoding a speech signal and a audio signal. The encoding apparatus may include: an input signal analyzer to analyze a characteristic of an input signal; a first conversion encoder to convert the input signal to a frequency domain signal, and to encode the input signal when the input signal is a audio characteristic signal; a Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) encoder to perform LPC encoding of the input signal when the input signal is a speech characteristic signal; and a bitstream generator to generate a bitstream using an output signal of the first conversion encoder and an output signal of the LPC encoder. | 05-12-2011 |
20120004004 | METHOD AND APPARATUS OF SEARCHING FOR BASE STATION USING PAGING PROCEDURE IN MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORK - A method for searching for a base station using paging procedure in a mobile communication network has a paging agent that performs the paging procedure. The method includes: receiving, at the paging agent, subscriber information including information of a service, to which a mobile node subscribed, from a home location register while performing a location registration procedure in response to a location registration request from the mobile node; setting an available scan time based on the time required to perform the paging procedure; generating a paging request message including the available scan time and the subscriber information to send the paging request message to a base station required for paging; and generating base station information based on the subscriber information to input into the paging request message to transmit with the available scan time to the mobile node. | 01-05-2012 |
20120157096 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SEARCHING FEMTOCELL ACCESS POINTS - A method of searching a femtocell access point includes: transmitting configuration/measurement information an operating frequency and a transmission power strength from multiple femtocell access points located within the macro cell to an OSM)/CPC server; and receiving, at the OSM/CPC server, the configuration/measurement information from the femtocell access points, and generating a femtocell access point list usable in a mobile terminal to provide the generated femtocell access point list to the mobile terminal. The method further includes selecting, at the mobile terminal, one femtocell access point from the femtocell access point list provided from the OSM/CPC server and accessing the selected femtocell access point. | 06-21-2012 |
20130157676 | CONTROL METHOD FOR DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COMMUNICATION - Provided is a control method for device-to-device (D2D) communication. A base station measures a load of a cell, receives location information about each piece of user equipment (UE) from a plurality of pieces of UE, selects any one of an overlay-based resource allocation method and an underlay-based resource allocation method on the basis of the measured cell load and the location information about the respective pieces of UE, allocates resources for D2D communication on the basis of the selected resource allocation method, and controls power according to the locations of the pieces of UE and a density of pieces of cellular communication UE. Accordingly, it is possible to improve resource use efficiency and efficiently remove interference. | 06-20-2013 |
20130163516 | MARITIME COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD - Provided is a maritime communication system and method. A ship station of the maritime communication system may receive, from a maritime broadcast base station, maritime configuration information that includes setting information of shore base stations and setting information of maritime ship stations, may establish a radio link when a radio link configurable shore base station is present, may set the radio link through a radio link configurable neighbor ship station when the radio link configurable shore base station is absent, and may establish the radio link with an internal maritime satellite (INMARSAT) or a maritime very small aperture terminal (MVSAT) when the radio link configurable shore base station is absent and when the radio link configurable neighbor ship station is absent. | 06-27-2013 |
20140094212 | METHOD OF DEVICE TO DEVICE DISCOVERY AND APPARATUS THEREOF - There are provided a method of a device-to-device (D2D) discovery and an apparatus thereof. The method of the device-to-device discovery performed in a terminal may includes registering a discovery service of the terminal using service information on a service provided from an user; transmitting a discovery transmission activation request to a network in which the terminal is located; receiving a response in response to the discovery transmission activation request from the network; and transmitting a discovery message when the response is an approval message. | 04-03-2014 |
20140130137 | METHOD OF DEVICE-TO-DEVICE DISCOVERY AND APPARATUS THEREOF - Disclosed are a method of device-to-device discovery and an apparatus for the same. A method of device-to-device discovery performed in a discovery terminal may include receiving a discovery identifier of the discovery terminal from a device-to-device server; performing an authorization procedure on performing the restricted discovery of an application located in the discovery terminal with the device-to-device server; and obtaining terminal information of a discoverable terminal as a counterpart terminal with which performs the restricted discovery from the device-to-device server, when the authorization is completed. Thus, the device-to-device discovery may be performed efficiently. | 05-08-2014 |
20140211705 | METHOD FOR DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COMMUNICATION BASED ON WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK AND APPARATUS FOR THE SAME - Methods for device-to-device communication based on wireless local area network are disclosed. A method for device-to-device communications performed in a first terminal may comprise configuring a default bearer by interworking with a core network supporting cellular communication, configuring a session by interworking with the core network, discovering a counterpart terminal performing device-to-device communications with the first terminal based on a request of configuring a dedicated bearer, and configuring a communication path according to a communication mode determined based on a result of the discovering. Therefore, according to the present invention, D2D communications using a Wi-Fi P2P may be supported efficiently. | 07-31-2014 |
20140335882 | METHOD FOR CONFIGURING DUAL CONNECTIVITY - Disclosed is a method for configuring dual connectivity. A method for configuring dual connectivity, performed in a base station, may comprise receiving measurement information about a neighbor cell of the terminal from the terminal; obtaining information for configuring dual connectivity from the terminal or the base station; determining whether to configure dual connectivity based on the measurement information and the information for configuring dual connectivity; and when the dual connectivity is to be configured, transmitting a message instructing to configure the dual connectivity to the terminal. | 11-13-2014 |
20150043492 | METHOD FOR PROVIDING DUAL CONNECTIVITY IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Disclosed herein are a dual connectivity method including determining another base station to be dually connected with UE, setting up another base station, and reconfiguring the RRC connection of the UE with another base station, a method of changing a base station in a dual connectivity state, a method of hanging radio resources in a dual connectivity state, and a method of releasing dual connectivity. | 02-12-2015 |
20150131578 | COMMUNICATION METHOD AND APPARATUS IN NETWORK ENVIRONMENT WHERE TERMINAL MAY HAVE DUAL CONNECTIVITY TO MULTIPLE BASE STATIONS - A communication method of a terminal that may have dual connectivity to a first base station and a second base station is provided. The terminal receives a first Radio Resource Control (RRC) message from the first base station only through a first interface between the first base station and the terminal. The terminal transmits a second RRC message to the first base station only through the first interface. | 05-14-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20130085291 | METHOD OF PREPARING ALKYL (METH)ACRYLATE - The present invention relates to a method of preparing an alkyl (meth)acrylate, and more specifically to a method of preparing an alkyl (meth)acrylate which comprises the steps of: carrying out an esterification reaction with reactants comprising an alkanol and (meth)acrylic acid in the presence of an organic acid catalyst with a conversion rate of about 70% or more; supplying reaction products of the esterification reaction to a distillation tower equipped with a reboiler at the lower end to purify them; recovering a upper discharge comprising an alkyl (meth)acrylate and water at the upper part of the distillation tower and recovering a lower discharge comprising high boiling materials and water at the lower part of the distillation tower; separating the lower discharge of the distillation tower into a water layer and an organic layer; and recirculating the water layer separated from the lower discharge so as to be used in the esterification reaction, wherein each of the steps occurs continuously and the lower discharge of the distillation tower includes water in an amount of about 2-25% by weight with respect to the total weight of the lower discharge. | 04-04-2013 |
20130317253 | PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS RECOVERING (METH) ACRYLIC ACID AND APPARATUS FOR THE PROCESS (AS AMENDED) - The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for continuous recovery of (meth)acrylic acid, and more specifically to a method of continuous recovery of (meth)acrylic acid, including: conducting gas phase oxidation of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of propane, propylene, butane, i-butylene, t-butylene, and (meth)acrolein in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a mixed gas containing (meth)acrylic acid; quenching the (meth)acrylic acid-containing mixed gas to remove high boiling point by-products in the (meth)acrylic acid-containing mixed gas; contacting the high boiling point by-product-free (meth)acrylic acid-containing mixed gas with water or an aqueous solution to obtain an aqueous solution containing (meth)acrylic acid; and purifying the aqueous solution containing (meth)acrylic acid to obtain (meth)acrylic acid. | 11-28-2013 |
20140105792 | PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS RECOVERING (METH) ACRYLIC ACID AND APPARATUS FOR THE PROCESS - The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for continuous recovery of (meth)acrylic acid, and more specifically to a method of continuous recovery of (meth)acrylic acid, including: conducting gas phase oxidation of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of propane, propylene, butane, i-butylene, t-butylene, and (meth)acrolein in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a mixed gas containing (meth)acrylic acid; quenching the (meth)acrylic acid-containing mixed gas to remove high boiling point by-products in the (meth)acrylic acid-containing mixed gas; contacting the high boiling point by-product-free (meth)acrylic acid-containing mixed gas with water or an aqueous solution to obtain an aqueous solution containing (meth)acrylic acid; and purifying the aqueous solution containing (meth)acrylic acid to obtain (meth)acrylic acid. | 04-17-2014 |
20150203431 | PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS RECOVERING (METH)ACRYLIC ACID AND APPARATUS FOR THE PROCESS - This disclosure relates to a method of continuous recovery of (meth)acrylic acid and an apparatus used for the continuous recovery method. The continuous recovery method of (meth)acrylic acid according to the present invention may maintain a recovery rate of (meth)acrylic acid equivalent to that of the previous recovery method, and yet may significantly reduce energy consumption, and may minimize polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid in the recovery process, thus providing more improved operation stability. | 07-23-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090019260 | MASS PREFETCHING METHOD FOR DISK ARRAY - Disclosed herein is a mass prefetching method for disk arrays. In order to improve disk read performance for a non-sequential with having spatial locality as well as a sequential read, when a host requests a block to be read, all the blocks of the strip to which the block belongs are read. This is designated as strip prefetching (SP). Throttled Strip Prefetching (TSP), proposed in the present invention, investigates whether SP is beneficial by an online disk simulation, and does not perform SP if it is determined that SP is not beneficial. Since all prefetching operations of TSP are aligned in the strip of the disk array, the disk independence loss is resolved, and thus the performance of disk arrays is improved for concurrent sequential reads of multiple processes. TSP may however suffer from the loss of disk parallelism due to the disk independence of SP for a single sequential read. In order to solve this problem, this invention proposes Massive Stripe Prefetching (MSP). MSP includes an algorithm that detects a single sequential read at the block level. When a single sequential read is detected, prefetching is aligned in a stripe, and the prefetching size is set to a multiple of stripe size. Accordingly, the parallelism of disks is maximized. | 01-15-2009 |
20110271039 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FLASH MEMORY ADDRESS TRANSLATION - Provided is a flash memory address translation method that may maintain at least one chip that may be divided based on at least one horizontal bank and at least one vertical channel, and may divide the at least one bank by at least one stripe partition, managing an error of a chip without deterioration in a performance of a small writing. | 11-03-2011 |
20120102277 | DATA STORAGE DEVICE AND WRITE METHOD THEREOF - A write method of a data storage device including a storage media includes compressing data to be stored in the storage media; determining compressed data start positions of a physical unit of the storage media in which the compressed data is to be stored; and storing the compressed data from the determined compressed data start positions of the physical unit, respectively. | 04-26-2012 |
20120151124 | Non-Volatile Memory Device, Devices Having the Same, and Method of Operating the Same - A flash memory and a method of writing data to a flash memory during garbage collection of the flash memory is provided. First, a garbage collection process on a victim block of flash memory may be initiated. A garbage collection process may comprise a plurality of garbage collection operation. A program command and corresponding program data may be received. After a first garbage collection operation has finished and a portion of flash data from the victim block has been written to a free block, a portion of the program data may be written to that free block. If data remains in the victim block, a second garbage collection operation may be performed. | 06-14-2012 |
20120260146 | DATA STORAGE DEVICE RELATED METHOD OF OPERATION - A method is provided for operating a data storage device comprising a storage medium and a controller configured to control operations of the storage medium. The method comprises determining whether a read-requested data strip is an error data strip, reading a plurality of data strips in a stripe comprising the read-requested data strip when the read-requested data strip is the error data strip, outputting a data strip recovered using the other data strip except the error data strip among the plurality of data strips, and writing the recovered data strip and the other data strips into the storage medium. | 10-11-2012 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100184781 | FXA INHIBITORS WITH CYCLIC AMIDINES AS P4 SUBUNIT, PROCESSES FOR THEIR PREPARATIONS, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF - The present invention relates to novel oxazolidinone derivatives with cyclic amidines, and prodrugs, hydrates, solvates, isomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and processes for preparing the same, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. The oxazolidinone derivatives with cyclic amidines, and prodrugs, hydrates, solvates, isomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be usefully employed as an anticoagulant for treating thromboembolism and tumors via inhibition of coagulation factor Xa. | 07-22-2010 |
20110112083 | FXA INHIBITORS WITH CYCLIC AMIDOXIME OR CYCLIC AMIDRAZONE AS P4 SUBUNIT, PROCESSES FOR THEIR PREPARATIONS, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF - The present invention relates to novel oxazolidinone derivatives with cyclic amidoxime or cyclic amidrazone group, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, methods for preparing the same and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. The oxazolidinone derivatives with cyclic amidoxime or cyclic amidrazone group or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be effectively used for the treatment of thromboembolism and tumor as an anticoagulant based on the inhibition of factor Xa. | 05-12-2011 |
20110178293 | Novel Oxazolidinone Derivatives with Cyclic Amidoxime or Cyclic Amidrazone and Pharmaceutical Compositions Thereof - Disclosed is a novel oxazolidinone derivative, particularly a novel oxazolidinone compound with a cyclic amidoxime or cyclic amidrazone group. Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical antibiotic composition including a novel oxazolidinone derivative, a prodrug thereof, a hydrate thereof, a solvate thereof, an isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an effective ingredient. Because the novel oxazolidinone derivative, a prodrug thereof, a hydrate thereof, a solvate thereof, an isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof exhibits a wide antibacterial spectrum against resistant bacteria, a low toxicity, and a strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it can be usefully used as an antibiotic. | 07-21-2011 |
20120108808 | METHOD FOR PREPARING (S)-5-CHLORO-N-((3-(4-(5,6-DIHYDRO-4H-1,2,4-OXADIAZIN-3-YL)PHENYL)-2-OXOO- XAZOLIDIN-5-YL)METHYL)THIOPHENE-2-CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES - Provided is a method for preparing (S)-5-chloro-N-((3-(4-(5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazin-3-yl)phenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide derivatives of Formula (I) which are useful as blood coagulation factor Xa inhibitors, and said method using 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzen as a starting material. According to the method of the present invention, (S)-5-chloro-N-((3-(4-(5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazin-3-yl)phenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide derivatives of Formula (I) which are useful as blood coagulation factor Xa inhibitors can be prepared in a high purity and a high yield. | 05-03-2012 |
20130005967 | METHOD FOR PREPARING (R)-3-(3-FLUORO-4-(1-METHYL-5,6-DIHYDRO-1,2,4-TRIAZIN-4(1H)-YL)PHENYL)-5-- (SUBSTITUTED METHYL)OXAZOLIDIN-2-ONE DERIVATIVES - Provided are a method for preparing (R)-3-(3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-4(1H)-yl)phenyl)-5-(substituted methyl)oxazolidin-2-one derivatives, which are oxazolidinone antibiotic compounds having a cyclic amidrazone group, represented by Chemical Formula 1, and intermediates thereof, and uses 3,4-difluoro-4-nitrobenzen as a starting material. According to the preparation method of the present invention, (R)-3-(3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-4(1H)-yl)phenyl)-5-(substituted methyl)oxazolidin-2-one derivatives, which are useful as oxazolidinone antibiotics, can be prepared in high purity and high yield in a simpler manner than conventional methods. | 01-03-2013 |
20140179691 | NOVEL OXAZOLIDINONE DERIVATIVE AND MEDICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING SAME - Disclosed is a novel oxazolidinone derivative represented by Formula 1 above, in particular, a novel oxazolidinone compound having a cyclic amidoxime or cyclic amidrazone group. | 06-26-2014 |
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20100278294 | EMERGENCY CORE COOLING DUCT FOR EMERGENCY CORE COOLING WATER INJECTION OF A NUCLEAR REACTOR - The present invention relates to a longitudinally divided emergency core cooling (ECC) duct in order to efficiently inject safety water to core of a pressurized light-water nuclear reactor. The ECC duct includes side supports for preventing the flow-induced vibration in the annular downcomer, and has structural stability while thermally expanding and contracting. A longitudinally divided ECC duct for emergency core cooling water injection of a nuclear reactor is provided on the periphery of a core barrel of a nuclear reactor, includes an emergency core cooling water inlet facing a direct vessel injection nozzle, and extends in a longitudinal direction of the core barrel. The longitudinally divided ECC duct is divided into a plurality of longitudinally-divided ducts in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinally divided ECC duct. | 11-04-2010 |
20120263268 | PASSIVE HIGH PRESSURE SAFETY INJECTION TANK SYSTEM (HPSIT) FOR RESPONDING TO STATION BLACKOUT (SBO) AND LOSS-OF-COOLANT ACCIDENTS (LOCA) - A high pressure safety injection tank (HPSIT) system includes one safety injection tank (HIT) which replaces a core makeup tank (CMT) and a low pressure (approximately 4.3 Mpa or below) safety injection tank (SIT) and which can shift to and operate on a high pressure (approximately 17 Mpa) operation mode, to enable injection of emergency core coolant into a reactor system both under low pressure (approximately 4.3 Mpa or below) and high pressure (approximately 17 Mpa). | 10-18-2012 |
20130202075 | WATER-SPRAY RESIDUAL HEAT REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT - A residual heat removal system for a nuclear power plant. The residual heat removal system for a nuclear power plant may include an air duct provided on an outside of a reactor containment building, a heat exchanger disposed on an inside of the air duct, a first pipe to transfer, to the heat exchanger, steam generated in a steam generator disposed on an inside of the reactor containment building, and second pipe to transfer, to the steam generator, water condensation that is cooled and condensed in the heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is air-cooled using outside air flowing inside of the air duct. | 08-08-2013 |
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20140189706 | RELIABILITY-AWARE APPLICATION SCHEDULING - Reliability-aware scheduling of processing jobs on one or more processing entities is based on reliability scores assigned to processing entities and minimum acceptable reliability scores of processing jobs. The reliability scores of processing entities are based on independently derived statistical reliability models as applied to reliability data already available from modern computing hardware. Reliability scores of processing entities are continually updated based upon real-time reliability data, as well as prior reliability scores, which are weighted in accordance with the statistical reliability models being utilized. Individual processing jobs specify reliability requirements from which the minimum acceptable reliability score is determined. Such jobs are scheduled on processing entities whose reliability score is greater than or equal to the minimum acceptable reliability score for such jobs. Already scheduled jobs can be rescheduled on other processing entities if reliability scores change. Additionally, a hierarchical scheduling approach can be utilized. | 07-03-2014 |
20140380334 | HARDWARE MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL - A simplified hardware management communication protocol comprises defined request packets, which are utilized to transmit requests to lower layers of management functionality or to managed resources, and it also comprises defined response packets, which are utilized to transmit responses back to the source of the request. A request packet comprises an identification of a type of device, an identifier of that device, an address of the sending entity, a session identifier, a sequence number, a function identifier, and a payload that comprises encapsulated communications or data directed to the request target. A response packet can comprise an identification of the sender of the request, a session identifier, a sequence number, a completion code identifying whether and how the request was completed, and a payload. Managed asset type specific drivers translate into communications utilizing communicational protocols that are specific to the managed assets. | 12-25-2014 |
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20090154923 | WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE SWITCH - Provided is a wavelength selective switch (WSS), and more particularly, a wavelength selective switch for electrically switching a wavelength without physical displacement. The wavelength selective switch includes an optical demultiplexer for dividing an input optical signal into signals having wavelengths corresponding to respective channels, selecting either the optical signal of each channel obtained by dividing the input optical signal or an optical signal input via an add port, and outputting the selected optical signal; and an optical multiplexer including an optical deflecting unit for individually deflecting the optical signals of the respective channels received from the optical demultiplexer according to supplied current or applied voltage, wherein the optical signal of each channel deflected by the optical deflecting unit is output to a specific output port. In the wavelength selective switch, current is supplied to the optical deflectors to switch the channels, resulting in higher reliability, smaller volume and higher switching speed than a conventional wavelength selective switch using mechanical displacement to switch channels. | 06-18-2009 |
20090154928 | WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXER/DEMULTIPLEXER HAVING FLAT WAVELENGTH RESPONSE - Provided is a wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer having a flat wavelength response. In the wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer, a modified taper-shaped optical waveguide is interposed between an input waveguide and a first slab waveguide, such that the distribution of an optical signal input to an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) has a sinc-function shape. Thus, a flat wavelength response can be obtained in an output waveguide. In addition, the modified taper-shaped optical waveguide interposed to obtain a flat wavelength response has a small size and a simple structure, and thus can be applied to a conventional wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer without a design change. | 06-18-2009 |
20100158056 | SEMICONDUCTOR LASER DEVICE - Provided is a semiconductor laser device including: a gain area where multi-wavelength lights are generated and gain are provided; a first reflection area where among the multi-wavelength lights, a first-wavelength light is reflected to the gain area in response to a first selection signal; a second reflection area where among the multi-wavelength lights, a second-wavelength light is reflected to the gain area; and a phase control area where a phase of the second-wavelength light is shifted in response to a phase control signal, the phase control area being disposed between the first reflection layer and the second reflection layer. | 06-24-2010 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110044407 | ADAPTIVE QRD-M ALGORITHM BASED SIGNAL DETECTING METHOD BY USING CONSTELLATION SET GROUPING IN SPATIAL MULTIPLEXING MULTIPLE-INPUT MULTIPLE-OUTPUT SYSTEM - There is provided a signal detecting method using constellation set grouping in a spatial multiplexing multiple input multiple output system. The signal detecting method includes dividing a set of candidate symbols, a constellation set into a plurality of subsets by grouping the constellation set; dividing a tree search process of a QR-decomposition with M-algorithm (QRDM) algorithm into a plurality of partial detection phases; and performing the plurality of divided partial detection phases in parallel or iteratively. | 02-24-2011 |
20110081021 | SCRAMBLING APPARATUS AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME - There is provided a scrambling apparatus and a method of operating the same. A scrambling apparatus according to an aspect of the invention may include: a memory unit storing and providing a plurality of previously generated scrambling initial state codes; and a scrambling unit reading at least one of the plurality of scrambling initial state codes stored in the memory unit to generate a scrambling code in order to scramble an input signal, so that scrambling speed can be significantly increased. | 04-07-2011 |
20120100880 | CELL SEARCH METHOD IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Provided is a cell search method in a wireless communication system. According to the cell search method, when detecting SSS in order to search a cell group ID in 3GPP LTE communication, it is possible to reduce the computational complexity for SSS detection by selecting the sequence group of which cross-correlation between initially grouped SSS sequences is a predetermined value or more, computing cross-correlation with the sequences in the selected sequence group, and extracting a cell group ID through detection of the SSS sequence having the highest cross-correlation. | 04-26-2012 |
20120163310 | APPARATUS FOR ALLOCATING PHYSICAL RESOURCES - A apparatus for allocating physical resources at high speed includes: a storage unit storing correspondence relationships between virtual resource blocks and physical resource blocks according to external variables and internal variables; an internal variable calculation unit receiving the external variables for allocating physical resource blocks and calculating internal variables determined by the received external variables; and a searching unit referring to the storage unit by using the received external variables and allocating physical resources corresponding to the virtual resource blocks. | 06-28-2012 |
20120166508 | FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMER - A fast Fourier transformer (FFT) includes a radix-2 butterfly unit configured to perform a butterfly operation on input data; a buffer unit configured to buffer data outputted from the radix-2 butterfly unit and output the buffered data to the radix-2 butterfly unit; a multiplexing unit configured to selectively output a twiddle factor; and a constant multiplier configured to multiply the data outputted from the radix-2 butterfly unit by the twiddle factor outputted from the multiplexing unit. | 06-28-2012 |
20120275550 | METHOD FOR DETECTING S-SCH IN CELL SEARCHING AND RECEIVER USING THE SAME - Disclosed is a method for detecting S-SCH in cell searching including: detecting an m0 value corresponding to an even index in a secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH) signal having an even index; determining an m1 group defined by the m0 value; detecting an m1 value using correlation detection relation within the m1 group; and detecting a group ID using the m0 value and the m1 value. | 11-01-2012 |
20130267241 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COORDINATING INTERCELL INTERFERENCE - A method for coordinating intercell interference and a wireless communication system are disclosed. The method includes calculating, by a first device, a beamforming vector, transmitting a signal to a first terminal using the beamforming vector calculated by the first device, receiving, by the first device, Quality of Service (QoS) information equivalent to the signal transmitted from the first terminal, and determining whether the QoS information received by the first device satisfies a predetermined first criterion and transmitting information indicating whether QoS is satisfied to a first base station. | 10-10-2013 |
20130273947 | SECURE COMMUNICATION METHOD AND SYSTEM - Disclosed are a secure communication method and system. In a wireless communication environment in which there is a wiretapper wiretapping a signal transmitted by a first transmitter to a first receiver, the secure communication method calculates a beamforming vector including first and second beamforming vectors based on channel information between the second transmitter and the first receiver and channel information between the second transmitter and a second receiver, and performs beamforming on the first and second receivers with the calculated beamforming vector. Accordingly, even when it is unable to know channel information of a wiretapper, the secure communication method can satisfy the minimum service-quality requirements of a secondary user and maximize a primary user's secure ability. | 10-17-2013 |