Loyd, US
Adrienne R. Loyd, Neenah, WI US
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20090171309 | Body adhering absorbent article - The present invention provides a body adhering absorbent article which is capable of absorbing bodily fluids. In this particular embodiment of the present invention, provided is an absorbent article which is specifically designed for attachment to a wearer's skin in the vulva region of the wearer's torso. | 07-02-2009 |
20120089107 | Body Adhering Absorbent Article - The present invention provides a body adhering absorbent article which is capable of absorbing bodily fluids. In this particular embodiment of the present invention, provided is an absorbent article which is specifically designed for attachment to a wearer's skin in the vulva region of the wearer's torso. | 04-12-2012 |
20130060222 | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A PACKAGE OF FOLDED ABSORBENT ARTICLES, AND PACKAGE MADE THEREBY - A process for manufacturing a package of folded absorbent articles is disclosed. In one embodiment, the process includes providing a plurality of absorbent cores, and embossing at least one fold line into each core, each fold line defining a fold region. The process further includes folding each core along the fold region of each fold line to create a plurality of folded absorbent garments, and placing the plurality of folded absorbent garments into a container. In particular embodiments, each core can include two transversely opposed absorbent ears. The process can include folding each core along the fold region of each fold line to move each ear closer to a longitudinal centerline of the core to create a plurality of folded absorbent garments. A package of folded absorbent articles is also disclosed. | 03-07-2013 |
20130157012 | SUBSTRATES COMPRISING FROTHED BENEFIT AGENTS FOR ENHANCED SUBSTRATE BENEFITS - The present invention provides a nonwoven substrate comprising a fibrous web defining a surface; and a layer of a benefit agent wherein said benefit agent is selected from an additive composition, an enhancement component and combinations thereof; wherein said benefit agent is frothed and bonded to the fibrous web surface through a creping process and wherein said nonwoven substrate demonstrates improvements selected from enhanced tactile feel, enhanced printing, a decrease in hysteresis, an increase in bulk, an increase in elasticity/extensibility, an increase in retractability, a reduction in rugosities and combinations thereof when compared to an untreated substrate. | 06-20-2013 |
20140296815 | Coordinated Apertured and Embossed Topsheet Layer Materials, and Absorbent Articles Containing Such - A topsheet layer material for use on an absorbent article includes a longitudinal direction, a transverse direction and a depth direction and comprises a planar sheet. The topsheet layer material includes visually and spatially coordinated embossed channels and apertures. The embossed channels are curvilinear indentations configured along either the longitudinal, the transverse direction, or a combination of longitudinal and transverse directions. The apertures are positioned along the topsheet layer material laterally adjacent to the channels such that at least a portion of the apertures have an overall shape configuration that is substantially similar or the same as at least a portion of the shape of the embossed channel. Such coordinated aperture configuration may also be generally concentric with or generally parallel to the embossed channels. | 10-02-2014 |
Andrew C. Loyd, Monkton, MD US
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20110287944 | METHODS OF FORMING SUPERCONDUCTOR CIRCUITS - Methods of forming superconducting devices are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method can comprise depositing a protective barrier layer over a superconducting material layer, curing the protective barrier layer, depositing a photoresist material layer over the protective barrier layer and irradiating and developing the photoresist material layer to form an opening pattern in the photoresist material layer. The method can further comprise etching the protective barrier layer to form openings in the protective barrier layer based on the opening pattern, etching the superconductor material layer based on the openings in the protective barrier layer to form openings in the superconductor material layer that define a first set of superconductor material raised portins and stripping the photoresist material layer and the protective barrier layer. | 11-24-2011 |
Andrew Christian Loyd, Monkton, MD US
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20090057906 | Encapsulated silicidation for improved SiC processing and device yield - A method for producing a silicide contact. The method comprises the steps of depositing a metal on a SiC substrate; forming an encapsulating layer on deposited metal; and annealing said deposited metal to form a suicide contact. The encapsulating layer prevents agglomeration and formation of stringers during the annealing process. | 03-05-2009 |
Andrew Nicholas Loyd, Dillsburg, PA US
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20120273255 | Electrical Conductors Having Organic Compound Coatings - An electrical conductor includes a metallic substrate having a surface and an organic compound coating deposited on the surface. The organic compound coating may comprise a graphene coating, a carbon nanotube (CNT) coating or a blended graphene/CNT coating. The organic compound coating defines a separable interface of the electrical conductor configured to be mated to and unmated from a mating conductor. The organic compound coating is electrically conductive. The organic compound coating has a lower friction coefficient than the surface of the metallic substrate. | 11-01-2012 |
20130126212 | CONDUCTIVE MEMBERS USING CARBON-BASED SUBSTRATE COATINGS - A conductive member includes a metal substrate and a carbon-based substrate (CBS) network applied to the metal substrate. The CBS network includes a framework of fibers and particulates embedded in the framework that provide cathodic protection for the metal substrate. The particulates may penetrate entirely through the framework. The particulates may be iron particulates. The particulates may be metal particulates having a higher corrosion potential than the metal substrate. The CBS network may be a yarn, a sheet, or a tape. The CBS network with the particulates may be applied by coating or plating the metal substrate with the CBS network. | 05-23-2013 |
Casey Loyd, Pomona, CA US
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20080289609 | METHOD OF FUELING AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE USING PRESSURIZED AND HEATED FUEL - A method of operating an internal combustion engine comprises the steps of (a) pressurizing a liquid fuel to a pressure above 150 psig; (b) heating the liquid fuel to a temperature above 500° F. to produce a heated liquid fuel; (c) suddenly reducing the pressure of the heated liquid fuel sufficiently to vaporize the heated liquid fuel to form a vaporized hot fuel; (d) combining the vaporized hot fuel with oxygen to form a vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture; (e) introducing the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture into the internal combustion engine; and (f) combusting the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture within the internal combustion engine. | 11-27-2008 |
20100064428 | WATER RECREATIONAL APPARATUS WITH CONTROL PANEL HAVING CONTROL BUTTONS WITH AUDIBLE SIGNALS - A water recreational apparatus, such as a portable spa, hot tub, above-ground pool or water recirculating bathtub has (a) a water recirculation system, including a water pump and a water heater, (b) a control panel having a plurality of control buttons for controlling the operation of the water pump or water heater, and (c) an audio circuit having a speaker and being adapted to emit an audible signal in response to the engagement of a control button. | 03-18-2010 |
20120174312 | SPA JET WITH SIDE-MOUNTED LIGHT WELL - A water jet suitable for use in a water recreational apparatus has (a) a body defining a body interior passageway between a body inlet opening and a body outlet opening, the body having (a) a light well with an open external end and a closed transparent internal end, and (b) an insert disposed largely within the body, the insert defining an insert interior passageway between an insert inlet opening and an insert outlet opening, the insert defining a flange cover at the proximal end of the insert. The insert is moveable within the body between a water open position and a water closed position. The insert is also moveable within the body between a light on position and a light off position. | 07-12-2012 |
20120174898 | METHOD OF FUELING AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE USING PRESSURIZED AND HEATED FUEL - A method of operating an internal combustion engine comprises the steps of (a) pressurizing a liquid fuel to a pressure above 150 psig; (b) heating the liquid fuel to a temperature above 500° F. to produce a heated liquid fuel; (c) suddenly reducing the pressure of the heated liquid fuel sufficiently to vaporize the heated liquid fuel to form a vaporized hot fuel; (d) combining the vaporized hot fuel with oxygen to form a vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture; (e) introducing the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture into the internal combustion engine; and (f) combusting the vaporized hot fuel/oxygen mixture within the internal combustion engine. | 07-12-2012 |
Dennis D. Loyd, Liberty Township, OH US
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20100326336 | MULTI-LAYER PANEL - A multi-threat panel includes two first layers of polyurea mix, for at least one of reflecting and attenuating blast pressure and restricting ballistic penetration of the panel, and a layer of a concrete mix, including a ceramic aggregate, for increasing resistance to blast pressure and ballistic penetration of the panel. The first layers coat the concrete layer. | 12-30-2010 |
Dennis Dean Loyd, West Chester, OH US
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20090039318 | TECHNIQUES AND COMPOSITIONS FOR SHIELDING RADIOACTIVE ENERGY - Techniques and compositions are provided for shielding radioactive energy. The composition includes a hydrocarbon component and a radiation shielding and absorbing material or additive. The composition may be applied to substrates or to radioactive materials. Moreover, the composition may be mixed with raw materials of products. | 02-12-2009 |
20090069620 | RADIATION SHIELDS AND TECHNIQUES FOR RADIATION SHIELDING - Radiation shields and techniques for radiation shielding are provided. Bitumen substances, such as asphalt or tar, are mixed with radioactive waste, leaded glass, or a radioactive waste and leaded glass composite. In embodiments where the bitumen substance is mixed with leaded glass, the resulting mixture can be coated onto containers that house radioactive waste or the resulting mixture can be coated onto the outer surface of the radioactive waste. | 03-12-2009 |
Donald R. Loyd, Gilmer, TX US
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20090184099 | Compressed Air Welding Fume Shield System and Method - In accordance with a particular embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus for shielding welding fumes includes a device configured to engage a welding gun. The device is configured to emit a flow of air through the one or more orifices. The flow of air is operable to divert welding fumes away from a welder. | 07-23-2009 |
Grant A. Loyd, Siloam Springs, AR US
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20150334986 | INDIVIDUALLY VENTILATED CAGING SYSTEM - The present invention relates to a caging system for storing a number of cages for storing small animals such as mice. The caging system includes an exhaust system that may blow clean air into cages, and the exhaust system may also blow dirty air out of the cages such that the cages may be refreshed as necessary. The caging system also includes a temperature control system that may allow the temperature of the various cages to be heated in zones at preferred temperatures for storing small animals. | 11-26-2015 |
James E. Loyd, Nashville, TN US
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20090124697 | Inhalation formulations of treprostinil - The present invention describes novel methods for using Treprostinil or its derivative, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment and/or prevention of ischemic lesions, such as digital ulcers, in subjects with scleroderma (including systemic sclerosis), Buerger's disease, Raynaud's disease, Raynaud's phenomenon and/or other conditions that cause such lesions. The invention also relates to kits for treatment and/or prevention of ischemic lesions, comprising an effective amount of Treprostinil or its derivative, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. | 05-14-2009 |
Jaylon D. Loyd, Austin, TX US
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20160134094 | POWER CABLE TERMINAL CONNECTION DEVICE - A terminal connection device comprises a contiguous body disposed onto an inner conductor. The inner conductor includes a first end mateable with a power cable connector and a second end. The body comprises a multilayer structure having an inner conductive or semiconductive layer disposed over at least a portion of the power cable connector, an insulating layer and an outer conductive or semiconductive layer. The body surrounds the first end of the inner conductor and extending towards the second end of the inner conductor. The body can also include an electrically isolated section of conductive or semiconductive material. The terminal connection device can be a fully integrated structure, having a pre-installed connection interface, or the terminal connection device can be configured as an adapter which can be mounted in the field to a connection interface. | 05-12-2016 |
John Loyd, Denver, CO US
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20080277470 | Voting authentication and administration - A device, method and system for voting are disclosed herein. The exemplary voting device may be comprised of a paper ballot unique to each voter, an ink pen which also houses an optical scanning device, multiple redundant electronic storage media devices whereupon cast votes and other information are recorded, and a voting management system used by voters to validate their selections and by poll workers and election judges to authenticate the ballot and resolve voting booth issues such as spoiled ballots. The device may facilitate the casting of votes and ensure their secure and accurate tallying. | 11-13-2008 |
John C. Loyd, Beavercreek, OH US
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20120249675 | PRINTHEAD MAINTENANCE STATION INCLUDING STATION BACKFLUSH - A maintenance station apparatus for a printhead including a nozzle face with the nozzle face including a nozzle array for jetting a liquid is provided. The maintenance station includes a capping unit including a drain and a waste liquid tank that receives a waste liquid from the capping unit. A valve is in fluid communication with the capping unit through a first fluid passage and in fluid communication with the waste liquid tank through a second fluid passage. The valve includes a first state that permits the waste liquid to flow from the capping unit through the valve to the waste liquid tank and a second state that prevents the waste liquid from flowing from the capping unit through the valve to the waste liquid tank. A cleaning liquid tank is in fluid communication with the valve through a third fluid passage and is configured to provide a cleaning liquid through the valve and into the first fluid passage when the valve is in the second state. | 10-04-2012 |
20120249676 | MAINTAINING PRINTHEAD USING MAINTENANCE STATION WITH BACKFLUSH - A capping unit, a waste liquid tank, a valve, and a cleaning liquid tank are provided for maintaining a printhead. The capping unit includes a drain. The waste liquid tank receives a waste liquid from the capping unit. The valve is in fluid communication with the capping unit through a first fluid passage connected to the drain. The valve is also in fluid communication with the waste liquid tank through a second fluid passage. The valve includes a first state that permits the waste liquid to flow from the capping unit through the valve to the waste liquid tank. The valve includes a second state that prevents the waste liquid from flowing from the capping unit through the valve to the waste liquid tank. The cleaning liquid tank is in fluid communication with the valve through a third fluid passage. The cleaning liquid tank is configured to provide a cleaning liquid through the valve and into the first fluid passage when the valve is in the second state. The valve is operated to cause the valve to move between the first state and the second state. | 10-04-2012 |
Justin Alan Loyd, Owasso, OK US
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20150258644 | HEAT EXCHANGER AND METHOD OF REPAIRING THEREOF - A heat exchanger includes a fluid circuit including a fluid inlet manifold, a fluid outlet manifold, and fluid heat exchange channels fluidly connected between the fluid inlet manifold and the fluid outlet manifold. Each channel has an interior, and walls with an inside surface. A method of repairing the heat exchanger includes pumping an epoxy varnish into the interior of at least one of the heat exchange channels; filling in at least one of a) one or more cracks in the walls of the at least one channel, b) one or more apertures in the walls of the at least one channel, or c) one or more spaces between the at least one channel and another component of the heat exchanger with the epoxy varnish; and heating the at least one channel to a temperature in an approved predetermined epoxy varnish temperature range. | 09-17-2015 |
Matthew L. Loyd, Wentzville, MO US
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20150091732 | ELECTRICAL FAULT DETECTION DEVICE FOR A WATERBORNE STRUCTURE AND METHOD THEREFOR - A device for indicating the presence of an electrical fault for a waterborne structure includes a current tap electrically coupleable to an electrically conductive frame member of the waterborne structure and a grounding member configured for placement in water adjacent to the waterborne structure. An indicator is electrically coupled to the current tap so that an electrical charge supplied to the conductive frame member may be transmitted through the current tap and to the indicator. The indicator is electrically coupled to the grounding member to form a circuit. | 04-02-2015 |
Michael Fisher Loyd, Mckinney, TX US
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20140278641 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INCIDENT QUEUE ASSIGNMENT AND PRIORITIZATION - Systems, methods and computer-readable media for incident queue assignment and prioritization are disclosed. An incident handling system may receive a request for a next highest priority incident. An incident requiring resolution may be identified. The incident may be associated with an incident queue based at least in part on a queue assignment rule. The incident queue may comprise one or more incidents. The incident queue may be processed based at least in part on a prioritization rule to identify, from the one or more incidents associated with the incident queue, the next highest priority incident. The incident handling system may transmit the next highest priority incident associated with the incident queue. | 09-18-2014 |
20150178657 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INCIDENT QUEUE ASSIGNMENT AND PRIORITIZATION - Systems, methods and computer-readable media for incident queue assignment and prioritization are disclosed. An incident handling system may receive a request for a next highest priority incident. An incident requiring resolution may be identified. The incident may be associated with an incident queue based at least in part on a queue assignment rule. The incident queue may comprise one or more incidents. The incident queue may be processed based at least in part on a prioritization rule to identify, from the one or more incidents associated with the incident queue, the next highest priority incident. The incident handling system may transmit the next highest priority incident associated with the incident queue. | 06-25-2015 |
Rodney Loyd, Cordova, TN US
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20140038093 | QUANTUM DOT PHOTOCONDUCTOR FOR AN ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTER - A photoconductor and method of forming a photoconductor comprising forming a charge generation material comprising a plurality of quantum dots, and forming an active region comprising one or more photoconductor layers comprising the charge generation material including the quantum dots is disclosed. | 02-06-2014 |
20150220008 | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTER PHOTOCONDUCTOR BASED ON SURFACE-MODIFIED SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS - A photoconductor and method of forming a photoconductor comprising forming a charge generation material comprising a plurality of quantum dots, and forming an active region comprising one or more photoconductor layers comprising the charge generation material including the surface modified quantum dots is disclosed. | 08-06-2015 |
20150301462 | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTER PHOTOCONDUCTOR BASED ON LIGAND-FREE SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS - A photoconductor and method of forming a photoconductor for an electrophotographic device comprising forming a charge generation material comprising a plurality of quantum dots, and forming an active region comprising one or more photoconductor layers comprising the charge generation material including the surface modified quantum dots. | 10-22-2015 |
Scott Matthew Loyd, Brentwood, CA US
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20160132600 | Methods and Systems for Performing Content Recognition for a Surge of Incoming Recognition Queries - Methods and systems for performing content recognition for a surge of incoming recognition queries are provided. Within examples, methods comprise receiving, by one or more computing devices, a stream of incoming content recognition queries, and a given content recognition query includes a sample of media content and a request to identify the sample of media content. Methods also comprise filtering, by the one or more computing devices, a plurality of content recognition queries from the stream of incoming content recognition queries belonging to a surge event, and the surge event is associated with content recognition queries received within a time window and including common samples of media content. | 05-12-2016 |
Stephen N. Loyd, Dallas, TX US
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20080216444 | CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM AND METHOD - A curtain wall system and method comprises supporting channels including vertical receiving and retaining members which engage kerfs formed in the lower edges of curtain wall members. Latching members have locating and retaining members which are received in kerfs form in the upper edges of the curtain wall members. The curtain wall members are rotated inwardly causing the latching members to slide along the under surfaces of the supporting channels and into engagement with locking members. A second embodiment comprises supporting channels and latching members having spaced apart vertically disposed locating members which receive the opposite ends of the curtain wall members. A third embodiment comprises gap filling members which are received between adjacent curtain wall members and comprise hooks located adjacent to the lower ends of the gap filling members for engagement with vertically disposed receiving and retaining members extending upwardly from supporting channels. Latching members located at upper ends of the gap filling members slide along the lower surfaces of the supporting channels and into locking engagement therewith. | 09-11-2008 |
20120117901 | Filling gaps in a curtain wall system - In certain embodiments, a system includes a plurality of curtain wall members positioned in a horizontal array, a first curtain wall member separated from an adjacent second curtain wall member by a gap. The system further includes a gap-filling member positioned in the gap separating the adjacent first and second curtain wall members, the gap filling member comprising one or more vents. | 05-17-2012 |
20120137609 | Curtain Wall System and Method - A method includes substantially filling with joint sealant first and second kerfs in upper and lower ends, respectively, of a curtain wall member. A locating-and-retaining member of a latching member is embedded in the first kerf's sealant. A receiving-and-retaining member of a first bracket is embedded in the second kerf's sealant, the wall member initially extending upwardly and angularly outwardly relative to the first bracket. The wall member is pivoted inwardly such that an end of a nominally horizontally-disposed portion of the latching member slides along a lower surface of a supporting member of a second bracket causing the latching member to rotate downwardly, compressing foam tape beneath the horizontally-disposed portion. The end of the latching member moves past a locking member until a latch comes into latching engagement with the locking member, the foam tape decompressing and maintaining the latching member in engagement with the lower surface. | 06-07-2012 |
20150345137 | Curtain Wall System and Method - In certain embodiments, a system includes a curtain wall member and a first curtain wall member mounting apparatus coupled to a first end of the curtain wall member. The first curtain wall member mounting apparatus includes a mounting plate and an arm having one or more projections. The first curtain wall member mounting apparatus engages with a first curtain wall member supporting channel having a vertically-disposed member and a horizontally-disposed supporting member having a receiving-and-retaining member extending from an end opposite the vertically-disposed member. The receiving-and-retaining member engages with a channel adjacent to one or more projections of the first curtain wall member mounting apparatus. The first curtain wall member mounting apparatus is adapted to be rotated into position such that a connection mechanism at a second end of the curtain wall member engages with a second curtain wall member supporting channel to retain the curtain wall member in position. | 12-03-2015 |
Steven Loyd, Lynnwood, WA US
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20140079814 | Method and Composition for Treating Gastro-Esophageal Disorders - An orally administered composition that includes least one alkaline agent with a pH of at least 9.0 to 12.0, mixed in an aqueous vehicle with relatively high surface tension, high viscosity and lateral adhesion properties. When mixed, a low water soluble emulsion is formed that evenly coats and partially adheres to the lower section of the esophagus and the LES and forms a relatively long acting, protective barrier and partially neutralizes gastric acid. In one embodiment, the alkaline agent is potassium hydroxide and the aqueous vehicle is made of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol or ethylene glycol and additional thickener agents capable of withstanding high pH environments, such as xanthan gum, croscarmellose sodium, and microcrystalline cellulose. Additional organoleptic agents, such as gum Arabic and polyethylene glycol, flavorings, such as sodium chloride, acesulfame potassium, sodium saccharine, and mint, and stabilizers such as colloidal silica made be added. | 03-20-2014 |
Travis W. Loyd, Boise, ID US
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20120089495 | SECURE AND MEDIATED ACCESS FOR E-SERVICES - A system for providing secure access for a user to network accessible services. The system comprises a client software agent to generate a services request that is determined by a user. A services software agent is included and the service software agent is in electronic communication with the client software agent, to receive and fulfill the services request. A permissions software agent has a listing of user permissions for the network accessible services. The permission software agent is in communication with the services software agent and the services software agent requests user permissions from the permissions services agent so as to enable activation of the network accessible services selected by the user. | 04-12-2012 |
William Loyd, Sugar Land, TX US
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20100243881 | HEATED TIME OF FLIGHT SOURCE - A lens assembly for use in mass spectrometry and a method for reducing contaminant build up on ion optic components in a lens assembly for use in a mass spectrometer are disclosed herein. In various embodiments of applicant's teachings, the lens assembly comprises a plurality of ion optic components assembled to form an ion lens and a heater. The plurality of ion optic components has a generally similar expansion coefficient. The heater is operatively coupled to the ion optic components. The heater heats the ion optic components to reduce the accumulation of debris on the ion optic components. In various embodiments, the method includes receiving, in a lens assembly, ions from an ion source. The lens assembly includes a plurality of ion optic components assembled to form an ion lens, the plurality of ion optic components having a generally similar expansion coefficient. The method also comprises heating the ion optic components to a first temperature. | 09-30-2010 |
20100243882 | HEATED OPTICAL COMPONENTS - Applicant's teachings relate to apparatuses and methods of cleaning laser optical components, particularly in, for example, but not limited to, high throughput matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) applications. In accordance with various embodiments of applicant's teachings, the optical component is heated. | 09-30-2010 |
William Morgan Loyd, Sugar Land, TX US
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20150014522 | FIRST AND SECOND ORDER FOCUSING USING FIELD FREE REGIONS IN TIME-OF-FLIGHT - In some embodiments, a time of flight mass spectrometer can comprise an input orifice for receiving ions, a first ion accelerator stage for accelerating the ions along a first path, at least one ion reflector for receiving said accelerated ions and redirecting said ions along a second path different than the first path, a detector for detecting at least a portion of the ions redirected by said at least one ion reflector, and at least first and second field free drift regions disposed between said first acceleration stage and said detector, wherein said second field free region is disposed in proximity of the detector. In some embodiments, the lengths of the field free drift regions can be selected so as to provide 1st and 2nd order corrections of the time of flight of the ions with respect to variation in their initial positions. | 01-15-2015 |
20150318156 | ION OPTICAL ELEMENTS - Ion optics devices and related methods of making and using the same are disclosed herein that generally involve forming a plurality of electrode structures on a single substrate. An aspect ratio of the structures relative to a plurality of recesses which separate the structures can be selected so as to substantially prevent ions passing through the finished device from contacting exposed, electrically-insulating portions of the substrate. The substrate material can be a material that is relatively inexpensive and easy to machine into complex shapes with high precision (e.g., a printed circuit board material). In some embodiments, discrete ion optical elements are disclosed which can be formed from a core material to which an electrically- conductive coating is applied, the core material being relatively inexpensive and easy to machine with high precision. The coating can be configured to substantially prevent outgassing from the core under the vacuum conditions typically experienced in a mass spectrometer. | 11-05-2015 |