Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080214130 | Systems and methods for determining Sensing Thresholds of a Multi-Resolution Spectrum Sensing (MRSS) technique for Cognitive Radio (CR) Systems - Systems and methods may be provided for threshold determinations for spectrum sensing. The systems and methods may include receiving a false alarm rate, where the false alarm rate is associated with false occupancy identifications of a spectrum segment, determining a noise floor as a function of a noise figure and characteristics of a multi-resolution spectrum sensing (MRSS) window, and calculating a sensing threshold based at least in part upon the false alarm rate and the noise floor. The systems and methods may also include determining whether a portion of an RF spectrum is occupied based at least in part on the calculated sensing threshold. | 09-04-2008 |
20080272849 | Active Baluns - Example embodiments of the invention may provide for active baluns. An example active balun may include a resonator that may convert a single-ended input signal to at least two differential input signals, and a differential switching block that includes first and second transistors that each receive a respective one of the at least two differential input signals from the resonator, where the first and second transistors may be cross-coupled to each other to provide a first differential output signal and a second differential output signal. An example active balun may further include one or more loads connected to the first and second differential output signals, and one or more stacked inverters that may provide a first output port and a second output port, where the first output port may be responsive to the first differential output signal and the second output port may be responsive to the second differential output signal. | 11-06-2008 |
20090067541 | Digital linear amplification with nonlinear components (LINC) transmitter - Embodiments of the invention may provide for a digital LINC (linear amplification with nonlinear components) transmitter. The digital LINC transmitter may include a signal component separator, at least one digital delay modulator, a frequency synthesizer, at least one power amplifier, a power combiner, an antenna, and a mismatch compensator. Additionally, systems and methods may be provided for compensating for phase and amplitude mismatches between two signal paths. | 03-12-2009 |
20090073078 | Systems, Methods and Apparatuses for High Power Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Antenna Switches Using Body Switching and External Component in Multi-Stacking Structure - Embodiments of the invention may provide for a CMOS antenna switch, which may be referred to as a CMOS SPDT switch. The CMOS antenna switch may operate at a plurality of frequencies, perhaps around 900 MHz, 1.9 GHz and 2.1 GHz according to an embodiment of the invention. The CMOS antenna switch may include both a receiver switch and a transmit switch. The receiver switch may utilize a multi-stack transistor with body substrate switching and attachment of external capacitor between drain and gate to block high power signals from the transmit path as well as to maintain low insertion loss at the receiver path. Exemplary embodiments of the CMOS antenna switch may provide for 38 dBm P 0.1 dB at multi bands (e.g., 900 MHz, 1.8 GHz, and 2.1 GHz). In addition, −60 dBc second and third harmonic performance up to 30 dBm input, may be obtained according to example embodiments of the invention. | 03-19-2009 |
20090079509 | LC QUADRATURE OSCILLATOR HAVING PHASE AND AMPLITUDE MISMATCH COMPENSATOR - Embodiments of the invention may provide for an LC quadrature oscillator that includes two LC oscillators that are cross-coupled with each other to generate I/Q clock signals and a phase and amplitude mismatch compensator. The phase and amplitude mismatch detector may include an amplitude mismatch detectors a transconductor, and a capacitor for compensating for both phase and amplitude mismatches between I/Q clock signals generated in the LC quadrature oscillator. | 03-26-2009 |
20090174473 | Systems, Methods, and Apparatuses for Linear Envelope Elimination and Restoration Transmitters - Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided for linear envelope elimination and restoration transmitters that are based on the polar modulation operating in conjunction with the orthogonal recursive predistortion technique. The polar modulation technique enhances the battery life by dynamically adjusting the bias level. Further, the analog orthogonal recursive predistortion efficiently corrects amplitude and phase errors in radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PA) and enhances the PA output capability. Additionally, even-order distortion components are used to predistort the input signal in a multiplicative manner so that the effective correction bandwidth is greatly enhanced. Also, the predistortion scheme, which uses instantaneously feed-backed envelope distortion signals, allows for correction of any distortion that may occur within the correction loop bandwidth, including envelope memory effects. | 07-09-2009 |
20090174477 | MULTI-SEGMENT PRIMARY AND MULTI-TURN SECONDARY TRANSFORMER FOR POWER AMPLIFIER SYSTEMS - Embodiments of the invention may provide for power amplifier systems and methods. The systems and methods may include a power amplifier that generates a first differential output signal and a second differential output signal, a primary winding comprised of a plurality of primary segments, where a first end of each primary segment is connected to a first common input port and a second end of each primary segment is connected to a second common input port, where the first common input port is operative to receive the first differential output signal, and where the second common input port is operative to receive the second differential output signal, and a single secondary winding inductively coupled to the plurality of primary segments. | 07-09-2009 |
20090174480 | Systems and Methods for Cascode Switching Power Amplifiers - Example embodiments of the invention may provide systems and methods for a power amplifier. The systems and methods may include a first common-source device having a first source, a first gate, a first drain, and a first body, where the first source is connected to the first body, and wherein the first gate is connected to an input port. The systems and methods may further include a second common-gate device having a second source, a second gate, a second drain, and a second body, where the second source is connected to the first drain, where the second source is further connected to the second body, and where the second drain is connected to an output port. | 07-09-2009 |
20090174515 | Compact Multiple Transformers - Example embodiments of the invention may provide systems and methods for multiple transformers. The systems and methods may include a first transformer that may include a first primary winding and a first secondary winding, where the first primary winding may be inductively coupled to the first secondary winding, where the first transformer may be associated with a first rotational current flow direction in the first primary winding. The systems and methods may further include a second transformer that may include a second primary winding and a second secondary winding, where the second primary winding may be inductively coupled to the second secondary winding, where the second transformer may be associated with a second rotational current flow direction opposite the first rotational current flow direction in the second primary winding, where a first section of the first primary winding may be positioned adjacent to a second section of the second primary winding, and where the adjacent first and second sections may include a substantially same first linear current flow direction. | 07-09-2009 |
20090184786 | MULTI-SEGMENT PRIMARY AND MULTI-TURN SECONDARY TRANSFORMER FOR POWER AMPLIFIER SYSTEMS - Embodiments of the invention may provide for power amplifier systems and methods. The systems and methods may include a power amplifier that generates a first differential output signal and a second differential output signal, a primary winding comprised of a plurality of primary segments, where a first end of each primary segment is connected to a first common input port and a second end of each primary segment is connected to a second common input port, where the first common input port is operative to receive the first differential output signal, and where the second common input port is operative to receive the second differential output signal, and a single secondary winding inductively coupled to the plurality of primary segments. | 07-23-2009 |
20090309661 | Systems and Methods for Switching Mode Power Amplifier Control - Embodiments of the invention may provide for enhancement systems and methods for a power amplifier output control system. In an example embodiment, driver amplifier control may be provided in conjunction with power amplifier control to improve the power efficiency and/or dynamic range of the transmitter system. Furthermore, control over the driver amplifier may allow for relaxed power control slope, which may lessens the burden of digital to analog converters (DACs) in transmitter systems such as cellular transmitter systems. Also, systems and methods in accordance with example embodiments of the invention may provide a less sensitive solution to operational environment variations such as temperature, battery power voltage and implementation IC process. | 12-17-2009 |
20090309662 | Systems and Methods for Power Amplifier with Integrated Passive Device - Embodiments of the invention may provide for systems and methods for providing a power amplifier with integrated passive device, thereby improving the performance of the power amplifier. The power amplifier may include a signal amplification section, a power combining section, and a coupling device section that interconnects the signal amplification section and the power combining section. The signal amplification section may be implemented on a first substrate, and the power combining section may be implemented on a second substrate, where the first substrate and the second substrate may be different. The power combining section may be implemented by the integrated passive device (IPD) that may have characteristics of high performance passive device with flexibility of implementing diverse functions, including a notch filter, a low pass filter, and/or bypass capacitance for bias network. The power combining section implemented by the integrated passive device may have an improved power combining efficiency. | 12-17-2009 |
20100073052 | FRACTIONAL RESOLUTION INTEGER-N FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER - Embodiments of the invention may provide for a frequency synthesizer capable to generate an output signal in which the frequency is a fractional portion of the reference frequency without a fractional divider. Based on mathematical relationship (“relatively prime”) between the reference frequency and other injection frequencies mixed with the output signal of a voltage controlled oscillator, the synthesizer is able to generate signals evenly spaced in the frequency domain like Fractional-N PLLs. The synthesizer may include an Integer-N PLL, a SSB mixer, frequency dividers, and frequency multipliers. A Integer-N PLL may include a Phase and Frequency Detector, a Charge Pump, a Loop Filter and a Dual Modulus Divider. By not requiring a fractional divider, the frequency synthesizer is able to avoid adopting any compensation circuits such as Sigma-Delta modulator to suppress fractional spurs. Therefore, the chip area, power consumption and complexity will be reduced considerably. | 03-25-2010 |
20100073084 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR A LEVEL-SHIFTING HIGH-EFFICIENCY LINC AMPLIFIER USING DYNAMIC POWER SUPPLY - Systems and methods may be provided for a LINC system having a level-shifting LINC amplifier. The systems and methods may include a dynamic power supply that is adjustable to provide at least a first voltage supply level and a second voltage supply level higher than the first voltage supply level; a first power amplifier that amplifies a first component signal to generate a first amplified signal; a second power amplifier that amplifiers a second component signal to generate a second amplified signal, where the first component signal and the second component signal are components of an original signal, where the first component signal and the second component signal each have a constant envelope, and where the original signal has a non-constant envelope, and where the first and second power amplifiers are biased at the first voltage supply level or the second voltage supply level based upon an analysis of an amplitude of the original signal. | 03-25-2010 |
20100074367 | ADAPTIVE COMBINER ERROR CALIBRATION ALGORITHMS IN ALL-DIGITAL OUTPHASING TRANSMITTER - Systems and methods may include a signal component separator that receives a non-constant envelope input signal and at least one phase offset value, and generates first digital phase data and second digital phase data; at least one digital phase modulator that receives the first phase data and the second phase data and operates with a frequency synthesizer to generate a first component signal having a first constant envelope and a second component signal having a second constant envelope; at least one power amplifier that amplifies the first component signal and the second component signal; a non-isolated power combiner that combines the first amplified component signal and the second amplified component signal to generate an output signal having a non-constant envelope; and a mismatch compensator that monitors the output signal to determine the at least one phase offset value, where the at least one phase offset value is utilized by the signal component separator for phase adjustment. | 03-25-2010 |
20100127780 | POWER AMPLIFIERS WITH DISCRETE POWER CONTROL - Systems and methods are provided for power amplifiers with discrete power control. The systems and methods may include a plurality of unit power amplifiers; a plurality of primary windings, wherein each primary winding is connected to at least one respective output port of a respective one the plurality of unit power amplifiers; a secondary winding inductively coupled to the plurality of primary windings, where the secondary winding provides an overall output; a bias controller, where the bias controller provides a respective bias voltage based at least in part on a level of output power to one or more of the plurality of unit power amplifiers; and a switch controller, where the switch controller operates to activate or deactivate at least one of the plurality of unit power amplifiers via a respective control signal. | 05-27-2010 |
20100148866 | Systems and Methods for Power Amplifiers with Voltage Boosting Multi-Primary Transformers - Systems and methods may be provided for a power amplifier system. The systems and methods may include a plurality of power amplifiers, where each power amplifier includes at least one output port. The systems and methods may also include a plurality of primary windings each having a first number of turns, where each primary winding is connected to at least one output port of the plurality of power amplifiers, and a single secondary winding inductively coupled to the plurality of primary windings, where the secondary winding includes a second number of turns greater than the first number of turns. | 06-17-2010 |
20100148871 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AN ADAPTIVE BIAS CIRCUIT FOR A DIFFERENTIAL POWER AMPLIFIER - Systems and methods for providing an adaptive bias circuit that may include a differential amplifier, low-pass filter, and common source amplifier or common emitter amplifier. The adaptive bias circuit may generate an adaptive bias output signal depending on input signal power level. As the input power level goes up, the adaptive bias circuit may increase the bias voltage or bias current of the adaptive bias output signal. A power amplifier (e.g., a differential amplifier) may be biased according to the adaptive bias output signal in order to reduce current consumption at low power operation levels. | 06-17-2010 |
20100148877 | INTEGRATED POWER AMPLIFIERS FOR USE IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICES - An integrated power amplifier can include a carrier amplifier, where the carrier amplifier is connected to a first quarter wave transformer at the input of the carrier amplifier. In addition, the power amplifier can further include at least one peaking amplifier connected in parallel with the carrier amplifier; a first differential combining structure, where the first combining structure includes a first plurality of quarter wave transformers that are configured to combine respective first differential outputs of the carrier amplifier in phase to generate a first single-ended output signal, and a second differential combining structure, where the second combining structures includes a second plurality of quarter wave transformers that are configured to combine respective second differential outputs of the at least one peaking amplifier in phase to generate a second single-ended output signal, where the first single-ended output signal and the second single-ended output signal are combinable in-phase to provide an overall output. | 06-17-2010 |
20100156536 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SELF-MIXING ADAPTIVE BIAS CIRCUIT FOR POWER AMPLIFIER - Systems and methods for providing a self-mixing adaptive bias circuit that may include a mixer, low-pass filter or a phase shifter, and a bias feeding block. The self-mixing adaptive bias circuit may generate an adaptive bias signal depending on input signal power level. As the input power level goes up, the adaptive bias circuit increases the bias voltage or bias current such that the amplifier will save current consumption at low power operation levels and obtain better linearity at high power operation levels compared to conventional biasing techniques. Moreover, the adaptive bias output signal can be used to cancel the third-order intermodulation terms (IM3) to further enhance the linearity as a secondary effect. | 06-24-2010 |
20110043316 | OVERLAPPING COMPACT MULTIPLE TRANSFORMERS - Systems and methods are provided for overlapping compact multiple transformers. The systems and methods may include a first transformer section that includes a first primary winding section and a first secondary winding, where the first primary winding section is inductively coupled to the first secondary winding, where the first transformer section is associated with a first rotational current flow direction in the first primary winding section; and a second transformer section that includes a second primary winding section and a second secondary winding, where the second primary winding section is inductively coupled to the second secondary winding, wherein the second transformer section is associated with a second rotational current flow direction in the second primary winding section, where a first portion of the first primary winding section is adjacent to a second portion of the second primary winding section, where the adjacent first and second portions include a substantially same first linear current flow direction. | 02-24-2011 |
20110068636 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR A SPDT SWITCH OR SPMT SWITCH WITH TRANSFORMER - A SPDT or SPMT switch may include a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, where a first end of the secondary winding is connected to a single pole port, where a first end of the primary winding is connected to a first throw port; a first switch having a first end and a second end, where the first end is connected to ground; and a second switch, where a second end of the secondary winding is connected to both a second end of the first switch and a first end of the second switch, where a second end of the second switch is connected to a second throw port, where the first switch controls a first communication path between the single pole port and the first throw port, and where the second switch controls a second communication path between the second throw port and the single pole port. | 03-24-2011 |
20110127849 | HIGH-POWER TUNABLE CAPACITOR - A tunable capacitor device may be provided in accordance with example embodiments of the invention. The tunable capacitor device may include a first capacitor; a second capacitor; a third capacitor, where the first, second, and third capacitors are connected in series, wherein the second capacitor is positioned between the first capacitor and the second capacitor; and at least one switch transistor, where the at least one switch transistor is connected in parallel with the second capacitor. | 06-02-2011 |
20110221522 | SHARING OF INDUCTOR INTERSTAGE MATCHING IN PARALLEL AMPLIFICATION SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS - A power amplifier system can include a plurality of driver amplifiers and a plurality of power amplifiers, where each driver amplifier and power amplifier includes at least one respective input port and at least one respective output port. The power amplifier system also includes a shared inductive device that provides common interstage matching between the respective output ports of the plurality of driver amplifiers and the respective input ports of the plurality of power amplifiers. The shared inductive device can be a shared inductor or a shared transformer. | 09-15-2011 |
20110221528 | BALUN FUNCTION WITH REFERENCE ENHANCEMENT IN SINGLE-ENDED PORT - Systems and methods are provided for a transformer or balun function with reference enhancement. The systems and methods may include a transformer having at least a primary winding and a secondary winding for reference enhancement, where the primary winding includes a center tap, where the secondary winding includes a first port and a second port, and an electrical connection that electrically connects the second port and the center tap of the primary winding to provide a common reference for the primary winding and the secondary winding. The primary winding of the transformer may be configured to receive differential outputs of a power amplifier, and the transformer may be configured to convert the differential outputs from a balanced signal to an unbalanced signal available at the first port of the secondary winding. | 09-15-2011 |
20110260797 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR A DISCRETE RESIZING OF POWER DEVICES WITH CONCURRENT POWER COMBINING STRUCTURE FOR RADIO FREQUENCY POWER AMPLIFIER - Systems and methods are provided for discrete resizing of power devices. The systems and methods can include a plurality of unit power amplifiers arranged in parallel, where each unit power amplifier includes at least one first input port, at least one first output port, and a plurality of sub-power-device cells configured in parallel between the at least one first input port and the at least one first output port; a switch controller, where the controller is operative to activate or deactivate at least one of the plurality of sub-power-device cells of a respective unit power amplifier; and an output matching network, where the matching network is configured to combine respective outputs from the respective plurality of unit power amplifiers to generate a system output, wherein during an operational state, all of the plurality of unit power amplifiers contribute outputs to the matching network to generate the system output. | 10-27-2011 |
20110273355 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR COMPLEMENTARY METAL-OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR (CMOS) DIFFERENTIAL ANTENNA SWITCHES USING MULTI-SECTION IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMATIONS - Example embodiments of the invention are directed to CMOS differential antenna switches with multi-section impedance transformation. The differential architecture can provide relief from large voltage swings of the power amplifiers by distributing the voltage stress over the receiver switch with two of the identical or substantially similar single-ended switches. In order to reduce the voltage stress further, multi-section impedance transformations can be used. Degraded insertion loss due to the impedance transformation technique can be compensated by selecting an optimal impedance for the antenna switch operation. Accordingly, the use of the multi-section impedance transformations with the differential antenna switch architecture enables high power handling capability for the antenna switch with acceptable efficiency for the transmitter module. | 11-10-2011 |
20110285481 | LINEARIZATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR VARIABLE ATTENUATORS - Systems and methods for provided for linearization systems and methods for variable attenuators. The variable attenuators can include series transistors along a main signal path from the input to output, as well as shunt transistors. A bootstrapping body bias circuit can be used with one or of the series transistors to allow the body of a connected transistor to swing responsive to a received RF input signal. As the RF signal increases and affects the gate-to-source voltage difference of a transistor, a bootstrapping body bias circuit can adaptively adjust the threshold voltage of the connected transistor and compensate the channel resistance variation resulting from gate-to-source voltage swing. The bootstrapping body bias circuit can be implemented using passive elements, active elements, or a combination thereof. | 11-24-2011 |
20120194150 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LOW-BATTERY OPERATION CONTROL IN PORTABLE COMMUNICATION DEVICES - Systems and methods may include a low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator for portable communication devices. The systems and methods may include a comparator having first and second inputs and generating a control voltage, the first input receiving a battery voltage from a battery source, the second input receiving a fixed voltage independent from the battery voltage, and a power management circuit that receives the control voltage and provides a regulated voltage based upon the control voltage, wherein when the received battery voltage is above the fixed voltage, the control voltage is provided at a high constant voltage, thereby resulting in the regulated voltage being at a first voltage, and wherein when the battery voltage is below the fixed voltage, the control voltage is provided at a low constant voltage, thereby resulting in the regulated voltage being at a second voltage less than the first voltage. | 08-02-2012 |
20120286839 | Systems and Methods for a Continuous, Linear, 360-Degree Analog Phase Shifter - Embodiments of the invention may be directed to a continuous analog phase shifter for radio frequency (RF) signals, which can be integrated on a CMOS process or another compatible process where inherent process-dependent passive components such as inductors and capacitors may have low quality factors. Insertion loss degradation for a given amount of phase shift may be compensated by using an active compensation circuit/device that smartly controls negative resistance generated from the compensation circuit/device to cancel out finite resistance of a network, leading to very small insertion loss variation. According to an example aspect of the invention, improved phase linearity and increased phase shift for a given size may be obtained by incorporating the compensation circuit/device. Thus, example analog phase shifters in accordance with example embodiments of the invention may have one or more of low insertion loss variation, small size, and good phase linearity over more than a 360 degree phase shift. | 11-15-2012 |
20120286860 | Systems and Methods for Minimizing Phase Deviation and/or Amplitude Modulation (AM)-to-Phase Modulation (PM) Conversion for Dynamic Range, Radio Frequency (RF) Non-Linear Amplifiers - Embodiments of the invention may provide systems and methods for minimizing phase deviation and/or amplitude modulation (AM)-to-phase modulation (PM) conversion for dynamic range, radio frequency (RF) non-linear amplifiers. In order to provide high dynamic range with reduced phase error, embodiments of the invention may utilize two separate paths for processing a signal. In particular, an input signal may be sampled and divided into each path. The first signal path may be used to shape a signal, and in particular, a voltage waveform at the load. The second signal path may be used for generating negative capacitances corresponding to the voltage waveform at the load. By combining the two signals at the load, a high-dynamic range, high-frequency, non-linear amplifier can be achieved that reduces phase error resulting from amplitude fluctuations with a relatively low unity-gain frequency (f | 11-15-2012 |
20120286889 | Systems and Methods for Wideband CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators Using Reconfigurable Inductor Arrays - As wireless communication technology evolves, various transceivers become integrated into a single system, which implements a seamless connection to search available frequency bands and to provide wireless connections regardless of their wireless standards. One of the key technologies for seamless implementation is an ultra-wideband local oscillator, which can overcome the restriction of limited tuning range in typical RF local oscillators. Many RF oscillators incorporate LC-tuned oscillators because of their good noise performance while their tuning range is limited by fixed inductance and varied capacitance. The planar inductor fabricated on the CMOS process occupies a large area as well. By replacing the planar inductor with the array of bondwires, and including switches to provide proper impedance for the circuit to generate negative impedance, the tuning range of a CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is extended more than 100%, which number can not be achieved in a convention VCO. | 11-15-2012 |
20120286980 | Analog-to-Digital Converter with a Resolution Booster - An analog-to-digital converter with a resolution booster is provided. The analog-to-digital converter may include a successive approximation analog-to-digital converter, a resolution booster, and an output combiner. The successive approximation analog-to-digital converter may be configured to convert an analog signal into digital data. The resolution booster may be selectively activated to enhance the resolution of the successive approximation analog-to-digital converter, and the output combiner may be configured to combine the respective outputs of the successive approximation analog-to-digital converter and the resolution booster. | 11-15-2012 |
20130027135 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ADAPTIVE BIAS CIRCUITS FOR A POWER AMPLIFIER - Systems and methods may include an amplifier having at least a first input port, where the amplifier includes a first capacitance associated with the first input port; a first bias circuit, where the first bias circuit comprises a series connection of a first charging circuit and a first discharging circuit, wherein a first node between the first charging circuit and the first discharging circuit is connected to the first input port, wherein responsive to an RF input signal having at least a first predetermined level being received at the first input port, the first charging circuit charges the first capacitance associated with the first input port during a first portion of a cycle of the RF input signal, and discharges the first capacitance associated with the first input port during a second portion of the cycle, thereby controlling a DC bias voltage level available at the first input port. | 01-31-2013 |
20130029614 | Systems, Methods, and Apparatuses for Negative-Charge-Pump-Based Antenna Switch Controllers Utilizing Battery Supplies - Systems, methods, and apparatuses may provide for antenna switch controllers. An example antenna switch controller may include: a plurality of antenna switches commonly connected to one or more antennas, where each of the plurality of antenna switches includes a plurality of stacked transistors, where one of the plurality of antenna switches is enabled when transmitting or receiving one or more radio frequency (RF) signals via the one or more antennas; a voltage generator that receives an external supply voltage from a battery, where the voltage generator generates an internal supply voltage, where the internal supply voltage remains constant despite fluctuations in the external supply voltage from the battery; a clock buffer that generates clock signals from the constant internal supply voltage; and a charge pump that receives the clock signals and generates a constant negative voltage, where the constant negative voltage is for biasing of one or more of the plurality of antenna switches that are disabled. | 01-31-2013 |