Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090078954 | SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME - Disclosed is a semiconductor light emitting device and a method for manufacturing the same. The semiconductor light emitting device comprises a first conductive semiconductor layer comprising a first concave-convex pattern, a second concave-convex pattern on at least one pattern of the first concave-convex pattern, an active layer on the first conductive semiconductor layer, and a second conductive semiconductor layer on the active layer. | 03-26-2009 |
20100052010 | SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE - Provided is a semiconductor light emitting device. | 03-04-2010 |
20100187495 | SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME - A semiconductor light emitting device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The semiconductor light emitting device comprises a first semiconductor layer emitting electrons, a second semiconductor layer emitting holes, and an active layer emitting light by combination of the electrons and holes. At least one of the layers comprises an photo enhanced minority carriers. | 07-29-2010 |
20130240833 | SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME - Disclosed are a semiconductor light emitting device and a method for manufacturing the same. The semiconductor light emitting device comprises a substrate under a light emitting structure having an active layer. A bottom surface of the substrate includes a first portion and a second portion around the first portion, the first portion includes a first recess and the second portion includes a second recess, and the first recess and the second recess are formed in a direction toward the upper surface from the bottom surface of the substrate. The first recess and the second recess have a different depth from the bottom surface of the substrate, the first recess is formed along a transverse direction and a longitudinal direction in the bottom surface of the substrate, and the first recess and the second recess has a depth smaller than a thickness of the substrate. | 09-19-2013 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090206729 | PHOSPHOR MATERIAL, COATING PHOSPHOR COMPOSITION, METHOD OF PREPARING PHOSPHOR MATERIAL AND LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE - Disclosed are phosphor, coating phosphor composition, a method for preparing the phosphor, and a light emitting device. A silicate-based phosphor is expressed in a chemical formula of (4-x-y-z)SrO.xBaO.zCaO.aMgO.2(SiO | 08-20-2009 |
20100213489 | PHOSPHOR AND LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE - A phosphor and a light emitting device containing the phosphor are provided. According to an embodiment, the phosphor is expressed in a chemical formula of L | 08-26-2010 |
20130313966 | PHOSPHOR AND LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE - A phosphor and a light emitting device containing the phosphor are provided. According to an embodiment, the phosphor is expressed in a chemical formula of L | 11-28-2013 |
20150259595 | GARNET-BASED PHOSPHOR DOPED WITH THORIUM AND LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE USING THE SAME - Provided is a garnet-based phosphor doped with thorium and a light emitting device using the same. In particular, a garnet-based phosphor having superior light characteristics and heat stability by using thorium as an activator, when compared to a conventional garnet phosphor using cerium as an activator, and a light emitting device using the same as a light source are provided. | 09-17-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20120094382 | MOLECULAR DELIVERY WITH NANOWIRES - A molecular delivery system including a plurality of nanowires (e.g., Si NWs), each of the nanowires having a surface layer formed of a silicon-containing material and a covalently bound linker (e.g., silane linker) attached to the surface layer and optionally including a substrate to which the nanowires are adhered or a molecule to be delivered attached to the linker. Also disclosed is a method of delivering into a cell an exogenous molecule. | 04-19-2012 |
20150140207 | METHOD FOR PREPARING ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE SHIELDING MATERIAL - Disclosed herein is a method for preparing an electromagnetic wave shielding material. The preparation method includes: preparing a fiber matrix; sorbing a metal salt precursor to the fiber matrix by dip coating; and bringing the fiber matrix to which the metal salt precursor is sorbed with a basic solution to oxidize the metal salt precursor such that a magnetic substance can be coated onto the fiber matrix. The method can reduce preparation costs by simplifying the preparation process through dip coating without using a high temperature process. Further, the method can also be applied to a fiber matrix which can be affected by temperature, thereby enlarging the preparation and application range of the electromagnetic wave shielding material. | 05-21-2015 |
20150205423 | TOUCH SENSOR INCLUDING NANOWIRE ARRAY AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME - Disclosed are a touch sensor and a method of fabricating the same. An insulator of the touch sensor contains a polymer and has an array of vertically aligned nanowires structure. Therefore, the touch sensor can be easily changed in thickness, which facilitates change in electrostatic capacity, thereby increasing sensitivity of the touch sensor. In addition, the present invention can simplify an existing complicated process of fabricating a touch sensor. | 07-23-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100135157 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING TRAFFIC ACCORDING TO USER - There is provided a method and apparatus for controlling traffic according to user that includes a statistics processing unit measuring traffic volume used according to user, calculating a traffic variation ΔV by using the measured traffic volume, and updating a traffic user list by comparing the calculated traffic variation ΔV; a traffic detecting unit determining whether abnormal traffic is generated in a network and transferring a control command according to priority in the traffic user list; and a packet controlling unit controlling a user's traffic according to the control command received from the traffic detecting unit. | 06-03-2010 |
20100135182 | HIGH-SPEED IP FLOW MEDIATION APPARATUS USING NETWORK PROCESSOR - There is provided a high-speed IP flow mediation apparatus using a network processor. The apparatus includes a server collecting flow information regarding IP traffic on a high-speed line and a network processor board analyzing the collected information according to Internet applications using a network processor, and transferring the analyzed flow information to a plurality of flow analysis systems. | 06-03-2010 |
20100158007 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AGGREGATING SINGLE PACKETS IN A SINGLE SESSION - A method and apparatus for aggregating single packets in a single session are disclosed. If the amount of single packets in a single session exceeds a threshold value, it is detected that attack traffic is being inputted and the single packets in the single session are aggregated into a single flow, thus preventing degradation of a network performance due to the single packets in the single session. | 06-24-2010 |
20110149746 | APPARATUS AND METHOD OF MONITORING PACKET STREAM IN ROUTER USING PACKET IDENTITY CHECKING - Provided is a scheme for extracting and detecting a predetermined traffic packet by monitoring a packet stream in a router, more particularly, a method and apparatus of monitoring a packet stream in a router. The apparatus may include a packet stream reading unit to read a packet stream inputted to the router, and an abnormal packet detecting unit to determine whether the read packet stream is abnormal. | 06-23-2011 |
20110149776 | NETWORK INTERFACE CARD DEVICE AND METHOD OF PROCESSING TRAFFIC USING THE NETWORK INTERFACE CARD DEVICE - Disclosed are a network interface card device and a traffic processing method using the network interface card device, the method including receiving a packet from a network, determining, by a first chipset, whether a detailed analysis is performed by verifying the received packet, and analyzing in detail, by a second chipset, with respect to a packet using the detailed analysis. | 06-23-2011 |
20110149794 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DYNAMICALLY SAMPLING OF FLOW - Provided are a dynamic flow sampling apparatus and dynamic flow sampling method. According to embodiments of the present invention, by collecting load information about a load of an Internet network and dynamically performing a flow sampling with respect to a packet based on the load information and a reference value, the load on an Internet network device and a data processing time for a traffic analysis may be reduced. Further, since an amount of traffic in a population to be analyzed may increase, reliability on an analysis result may be enhanced. | 06-23-2011 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100199305 | IPTV DIGITAL-BROADCAST SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REDUCING CHANNEL CHANGE TIME - There is provided a IPTV digital broadcast system and method capable of reducing a channel change time, the system including: an IPTV providing server providing a broadcast stream including broadcast data for each channel; an EPG server, when a client terminal accesses, providing an EPG, multicast group information for each channel, and PID information for each channel to the client terminal; and a PID providing server acquiring the PID information for each channel itself and providing the PID information for each channel to the EPG server. | 08-05-2010 |
20110061070 | PARTICIPANT TERMINAL DEVICE, WIRED AND WIRELESS COUPLED SERVER FOR SUPPORTING BROADCASTING PARTICIPATION, AND METHOD OF PROVIDING PARTICIPATIONAL BROADCASTING SERVICE - Provided are a participant terminal device, a wired and wireless coupled server for supporting broadcasting participation, and a method of providing a participational broadcasting service. The wired and wireless coupled server may include: an information obtainment unit to obtain channel information associated with a broadcast provided to at least one participant terminal device among a plurality of terminal devices in response to a participation request from the at least one participant terminal device; and an information processor to enable the at least one participant terminal device to access a participation control server associated with the broadcasting participation using participation address information corresponding to the obtained channel information by identifying the participation address information and transmitting the identified participation address information to the at least one participant terminal device. | 03-10-2011 |
20110080425 | SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING MULTI-ANGLE BROADCASTING SERVICE - Provided is a system for providing a multi-angle broadcasting service. A transmission apparatus may transmit, to a reception apparatus, a plurality of source images photographed at a plurality of angles and a multi-screen image including the plurality of source images. The reception apparatus may receive the multi-screen image and decode a source image based on a user selection. | 04-07-2011 |
20110082691 | BROADCASTING SYSTEM INTERWORKING WITH ELECTRONIC DEVICES - Provided is a technology of controlling an electronic device using a broadcasting system. A control signal may be modulated to an audible frequency band and thereby be transmitted from a transmission apparatus to a reception apparatus using the broadcasting system. The reception apparatus may reproduce the control signal of the audible frequency band. A controller may perform a control operation based on the control signal. | 04-07-2011 |
20120154531 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OFFERING 3D VIDEO PROCESSING, RENDERING, AND DISPLAYING - Disclosed is a 3D video display device providing a first video inputted into a left eye and a second video inputted into a right eye, the 3D video display device including: a control information acquiring device receiving control information; and a 3D broadcasting receiving device controlling a binocular disparity between the first video and the second video by using the control information transferred from the control information acquiring device as a key. According to the present invention, since a 3D video is reconfigured considering a distance between the user and the 3D video display device acquired by a control information acquiring device, a user's preference, or the like, it is possible to provide the 3D video in which a user can perceive optimal depth perception. | 06-21-2012 |
20120163805 | OPTICAL NETWORK UNIT AND METHOD OF SAVING POWER THEREOF - Provided is an optical network unit saving power. The optical network unit may include a processor checking whether at least one downward physical block, the upward physical block and a data switching block operate in an idle mode, sequentially transiting at least one downward physical block, an upward physical block and a data switching block to a sleep mode according to the checking result and sequentially transiting an optical transmission-reception block and the medium access control block to a sleep mode by judging whether or not a medium access control block transits to a sleep mode. | 06-28-2012 |
20120163806 | OPTICAL LINE TERMINAL DEVICE AND OPTICAL NETWORK DEVICE - Disclosed is an optical line terminal device which includes a media access control (MAC) block configured to convert Ethernet packets and port identifiers into a downstream frame or an upstream frame into the Ethernet packets and the port identifiers; and a central processing unit (CPU) configured to control the MAC block, wherein the MAC block includes a traffic monitoring part which is configured to receive the port identifiers and to provide identifier information of an optical network device according to the port identifiers; and wherein the CPU is configured to generate a control frame for controlling a power supplied to the optical network device, according to identifier information of the optical network device. | 06-28-2012 |
20120163830 | OPTICAL REPEATER AND OPTICAL SIGNAL AMPLIFYING METHOD THEREOF - Disclosed is an optical amplifier which includes an upward optical amplifier configured to amplify an input upward optical signal of an input optical signal; and a control circuit configured to control an operation of the upward optical amplifier according to whether an upward stream is detected from the input upward optical signal. | 06-28-2012 |
20120167140 | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF PROVIDING PERSONALIZED SERVICE - Provided is a mobile device for a personalized service including: a media receiving unit acquiring broadcasting contents during expressing in a broadcast viewing terminal device; and a comparing unit generating a media ID based on the broadcasting contents acquired in the media receiving unit, comparing the generated media ID with a media ID in a media ID list received from a media ID server to identify a channel ID, and transmitting a personalized service request message including the identified channel ID and a user ID to a personalized information providing server to request a personalized service. | 06-28-2012 |
20130011017 | METHOD OF OBTAINING SPATIAL IMAGES ON DEMAND - Provided is a method of obtaining spatial images on demand. The server segments a spatial image into a plurality of regions to detect an isolated region whose continuity with peripheral regions is less than a threshold value, generates geographic information corresponding to the detected isolated region, and generates a capture request message including the generated geographic information. In addition, the capture request message may be transmitted to at least one terminal using unicast scheme, a multicast scheme, an anycast scheme, or a broadcast scheme. The capture request message may comprise a capture condition value such as a capture direction, a capture angle, a capture time, a zoom information and an exposure value. At least one terminal which meets the capture condition value within the capture request message transmits a captured image to the server. | 01-10-2013 |
20140059629 | TWO-WAY BROADCAST SERVICE PROVIDING SYSTEM AND METHOD INCLUDING MEDIA TRANSMISSION APPARATUS - Two-way broadcast service providing system and method including a media transmission apparatus are provided. The media transmission apparatus includes a data communication interface that receives participant media from at least one participant terminal via a communication network, a media conversion unit that converts the participant media received through the data communication interface in accordance with a broadcast media standard, and a broadcast interface that transmits the participant media converted through the media conversion unit to a broadcast apparatus so that the participant media is included in broadcast contents. | 02-27-2014 |
20140171137 | COMMUNICATION DEVICE AND CONTROL DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING COMMUNICATION LINKAGE BETWEEN COMMUNICATION DEVICES - A control device is provided which controls wireless communication linkage between communication devices. The control device includes a communication unit configured to perform wireless communication with first and second communication devices; a user interface unit configured to generate a communication unit active signal according to a control of a user; and a control unit configured to activate the communication unit in response to the communication unit active signal. The communication unit receives communication linkage information for communication linkage between the first and second communication devices from the first communication device and sends the communication linkage information to the second communication device. | 06-19-2014 |
20140198713 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SUPPORTING INTERNET-BASED SENSOR DATA TRANSMISSION - Provided is a method of supporting CoAP-based sensor data transmission between a sensor data collector in a sensor node relay and one or more 6LoWPAN-unsupported sensor nodes. The method includes receiving a CoAP sensor data request message from the sensor data collector, transmitting a CoAP sensor data request message to a corresponding 6LoWPAN-unsupported sensor node by analyzing the received CoAP sensor data request message, and responding to the sensor data collector by creating a CoAP sensor data response message including sensor data received from one or more of the 6LoWPAN-unsupported sensor nodes. | 07-17-2014 |
20150177066 | OBJECT RECOGNITION APPARATUS USING SPECTROMETER AND METHOD THEREOF - Provided are an apparatus and method for recognizing an object on the basis of property information on an object obtained using a multi-wavelength spectrometer. An apparatus for recognizing an object using a multi-wavelength spectrometer includes an image processing unit configured to extract an region of interest from an input three-dimensional image and output shape information on the region of interest, a light irradiation unit configured to irradiate light of a plurality of wavelengths to an arbitrary position of an object corresponding to the detected region of interest, a light receiving unit configured to measure a spectrophotometric value for each light of the plurality of wavelengths, and a light processing unit configured to generate a differential spectrophotometric map using a differential value between spectrophotometric values of different wavelengths measured at the same light irradiation position, and recognize the object using the differential spectrophotometric map and the shape information. | 06-25-2015 |
20150281116 | METHOD FOR SETTING SENSOR NODE AND SETTING SECURITY IN SENSOR NETWORK, AND SENSOR NETWORK SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME - There are provided a method for setting a sensor node and setting security in a sensor network, and a sensor network system including the same. A setting apparatus scans a near field communication apparatus included in the sensor node to obtain information on the sensor node. The information on the sensor node is transmitted to a gateway, and the gateway connects the sensor node to the sensor network using the received information on the sensor node. | 10-01-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100300137 | Refrigerator - A refrigerator having an intermediate storage compartment, which has an improved structure of a return flow passage to return cold air from the intermediate storage compartment. The refrigerator includes a first evaporator to supply cold air to an upper storage compartment, a second evaporator to supply cold air to a lower storage compartment, a cold air supply duct to supply cold air generated at the second evaporator to an intermediate storage compartment, and a curved section formed at a top of the intermediate storage compartment to uniformly distribute the cold air supplied via the cold air supply duct in the intermediate storage compartment. The refrigerator also includes a cold air return duct to return cold air from the intermediate storage compartment, and an ice-making cold air return duct to return cold air from an ice maker. The cold air return duct is joined with the ice-making cold air return duct. | 12-02-2010 |
20130219951 | REFRIGERATOR - A structure of a suction pipe provided with a capillary tube having a spiral shape being inserted into an inside thereof, capable of easily fixing the capillary tube to the suction pipe, and a refrigerator having the same, the refrigerator including a suction pipe, and a capillary tube having a spiral portion being inserted into the inside the suction pipe, the suction pipe including a first wall making contact with the spiral portion, a second wall making contact with the spiral portion while facing the first wall, and a connecting wall configured to connect the first wall to the second wall while being spaced apart from the spiral portion. | 08-29-2013 |
20130241386 | REFRIGERATOR - A refrigerator includes a rotating bar configured to seal a gap between one pair of doors. The rotating bar includes a case provided with an accommodating space therein while having one surface thereof open, a heat insulation member accommodated in the accommodating space, a cover configured to cover the one surface of the case that is open, and a metallic plate being coupled to an outer side of the cover. The cover includes a heat conduction blocking part being protruded to both sides of the metallic plate while having a bent-shape cross section so as to prevent heat from being transmitted to both side surfaces of the rotating bar after being heat conducted along the metallic plate. | 09-19-2013 |
20130307398 | REFRIGERATOR - A refrigerator includes a rotating bar configured to seal a gap between one pair of doors. The rotating bar includes a case provided with an accommodating space therein while having one surface thereof open, a heat insulation member accommodated in the accommodating space, a cover configured to cover the one surface of the case that is open, and a metallic plate being coupled to an outer side of the cover. The cover includes a heat conduction blocking part being protruded to both sides of the metallic plate while having a bent-shape cross section so as to prevent heat from being transmitted to both side surfaces of the rotating bar after being heat conducted along the metallic plate. | 11-21-2013 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100016236 | Osteogenic synthetic peptides, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and medium containing the same - Disclosed herein is an osteogenic synthetic peptide, derived from bone morphogenetic protein-7, consisting of a sequence of 15 amino acid residues. Provided are also a pharmaceutical composition and a medium composition comprising the same. Having remarkable activity related to promoting osteoblast differentiation, the osteogenic synthetic peptide is very useful in the treatment of osteoporosis, bone defects and/or osteoarthritis. | 01-21-2010 |
20110060254 | PORTABLE PHYSIS-STIMULATING DEVICE FOR PROMOTING GROWTH WITH TWO-PHASE ULTRASONIC VIBRATION GENERATORS AND LED ELEMENTS - Disclosed herein is a growth plate stimulation-type portable growth promotion apparatus including two-phase ultrasonic vibration generators and Light Emitting Diode (LED) devices. The ring-shaped two-phase ultrasonic vibration generators have a center hole. Each of the LED devices is provided in the center hole of the each two-phase ultrasonic vibration generator. The two-phase ultrasonic vibration generators includes a ring-shaped vibration stator configured to have a center hole; a first electrode layer provided under the vibration stator; a second electrode layer provided under the first electrode layer; and a piezoelectric ceramic group layer configured to include a first piezoelectric ceramic group for generating an A phase and a second piezoelectric ceramic group for generating a B phase. Growth plates are stimulated using two-phase ultrasound projected from the two-phase ultrasonic vibration generators and light projected from the LED devices. | 03-10-2011 |
20110195906 | OSTEOGENIC SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THE SAME, AND MEDIUM CONTAINING THE SAME - Disclosed herein is an osteogenic synthetic peptide, derived from bone morphogenetic protein-7, consisting of a sequence of 15 amino acid residues. Provided are also a pharmaceutical composition and a medium composition comprising the same. Having remarkable activity related to promoting osteoblast differentiation, the osteogenic synthetic peptide is very useful in the treatment of osteoporosis, bone defects and/or osteoarthritis. | 08-11-2011 |
20120309675 | PEPTIDE BFP4 FOR PROMOTING OSTEOGENESIS OR VASCULARIZATION AND USE THEREOF - Disclosed are a peptide for promoting osteogenesis and vascularization, and the use thereof. The peptide has a low molecular weight so that it can be economically produced. In addition, it promotes osteoblastic differentiation, thus inducing osteogenesis. Further, the peptide can promote the expression of VEGF, resulting in vascularization. Accordingly, the peptide is useful for the prophylaxis or therapy of ischemic diseases. | 12-06-2012 |
20140200174 | PEPTIDE BFP4 FOR PROMOTING OSTEOGENESIS OR VASCULARIZATION AND USE THEREOF - Disclosed are a peptide for promoting osteogenesis and vascularization, and the use thereof. The peptide has a low molecular weight so that it can be economically produced. In addition, it promotes osteoblastic differentiation, thus inducing osteogenesis. Further, the peptide can promote the expression of VEGF, resulting in vascularization. Accordingly, the peptide is useful for the delay of the onset of ischemic diseases and the therapy of ischemic diseases. | 07-17-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110300596 | PREPARATION METHOD FOR ALCOHOL FROM CARBOXYLIC ACID BY ONE-STEP PROCESS - The present invention relates to a preparation method for alcohol by reacting carboxylic acid, alcohol, and hydrogen using hydrogenation catalysts. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for preparing alcohol by performing esterification and hydrocracking in a one-step process using hydrogenation catalysts instead of a two-step process. According to the invention, alcohol is prepared from carboxylic acid through esterification and hydrogenation in a one-step process using hydrogenation catalysts. Therefore, production costs and by-product treatment costs can be reduced in comparison to a two-step process. In addition, the invention is effective and economical since it can produce alcohol at relatively high yield by a simple process. Further, the invention allows high yield at relatively lower pressure when compared to alcohol production from carboxylic acid through hydrogenation without esterification and solves the problems of leaching by catalysts. | 12-08-2011 |
20130030224 | NANOMETER-SIZED COPPER-BASED CATALYST, PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF, AND ALCOHOL PRODUCTION METHOD USING THE SAME THROUGH DIRECT HYDROGENATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID - Disclosed is a nano-sized Cu based catalyst and a method of preparing the same including dissolving, in an aqueous solution, a first component comprising a Cu precursor, a second component precursor comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of a transition metal, an alkaline earth metal and a Group IIIb metal, and a third component precursor comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, silica-alumina, magnesia, titania, zirconia and carbon and then performing stirring; precipitating the stirred mixture solution using Na2CO3 and NaOH to form a catalyst precursor precipitate; and washing and filtering the formed catalyst precursor precipitate. Also a method of preparing alcohol is provided, including reacting hydrogen with carboxylic acid including a single acid or an acid mixture of two or more acids derived from a microorganism fermented solution, using the nano-sized Cu based catalyst. | 01-31-2013 |
20130210106 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS FROM BIOMASS OR ORGANIC WASTE - The present invention relates to a method for producing hydrocarbons from biomass or organic waste. The present invention provides: a method for effectively producing diverse hydrocarbons by using a raw material comprising mixed organic acids that can be obtained by anaerobic fermentation which is a fermentation process in biogasification technology; and a method for producing diverse products such as fuel, lube base oil and aromatics by using a raw material comprising mixed organic acids. | 08-15-2013 |
20140140906 | TREATMENT METHOD FOR SPENT CAUSTIC SODA - An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for treating spent caustic soda generated from an oil refinery process, a petrochemical process, etc. through a process in which a series of treatment steps are integrated, wherein the method can constitute a process under mild conditions excluding high temperature and/or high pressure conditions and can be advantageous to a post treatment process since the amount of by-products is small. | 05-22-2014 |