Todorov
Aleksandar Lyubenov Todorov, Vratsa BG
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20090300206 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROTECTING E-MAIL ADDRESSES IN PUBLICLY AVAILABLE NETWORK CONTENT - A content server includes an e-mail masking module. The e-mail masking module is configured to replace text-based c-mail addresses, contained in content provided by the content server, with images of the e-mail addresses. The e-mail masking module can be a part of the content server. The e-mail masking module can be a standalone module capable of being installed into or operate in conjunction with the content server. | 12-03-2009 |
Alex Todorov, Santa Clara, CA US
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20120071743 | SYSTEMS FOR ASSESSING AND OPTIMIZING MUSCULAR PERFORMANCE - System for monitoring muscle data can include one or more fully flexible sensor patches having sensor modules configured to sense muscle data, data processing modules, transmitter modules configured to transmit the muscle data, and a microcontroller configured to control the modules on one patch side and an adhesive layer on the other patch side; a wearable mobile hub having one or more of a receiver, transmitter, and/or transceiver module configured to be operably coupled with the one or more sensor patches so as to receive muscle data therefrom and a muscle data processing unit configured to process the received muscle data, and one or more user feedback interfaces to provide processed muscle data to the one or more user feedback interfaces; and a base station configured for receiving, storing, and analyzing the muscle data for one subject received from the mobile hub in comparison with one or more other subjects. | 03-22-2012 |
20120303146 | Sound Enhancer For Portable Media Player - In one embodiment, a sound enhancer is couplable to a portable media player and is configured to redirect sound from a speaker of the portable media player towards a user for enhancing the user's audio experience. The sound enhancer may direct sound from a side-mounted or back-mounted speaker, and include features such as a loudspeaker to amplify the sound, and various reflectors, directing channels and resonant cavities. A gripper is provided to provide secure attachment to the portable media player. Alternatively, the sound enhancer can be formed integrally with accessories of the portable media player such as a hard or soft case, a docking station, and holder or stand and the like. | 11-29-2012 |
20130026723 | Skateboard - Skateboard designs including a hanger with a yoke with two arms, comprising a bumper which provides an increasing force as the wheel axles are pushed away from their resting position, and wide wheels with an asymmetrical and gradually tapering profile as the wheels extend outward from the midline of the board, for improved “surfing-like” maneuverability including an enhanced ability to “carve” like a snowboard. | 01-31-2013 |
20130026728 | MANEUVERABILITY SKATE BOARD - Skateboard designs including a hanger with a yoke with two arms, comprising a bumper which provides an increasing force as the wheel axles are pushed away from their resting position, and wide wheels with an asymmetrical and gradually tapering profile as the wheel extends outward from the midline of the board, for improved “surfing-like” maneuverability including an enhanced ability to “carve” like a snowboard. | 01-31-2013 |
Alexander Todorov, Sofia BG
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20110296509 | SECURING PASSWORDS WITH CAPTCHA BASED HASH WHEN USED OVER THE WEB - A password security system, hosted by a server, sends a web page over a network to a client, that includes a CAPTCHA challenge, a request for a CAPTCHA answer, a graphical user interface for receiving a user identifier and a password, and a security script. The security script is to be executed by the client to generate a client hash value from password data and a CAPTCHA answer that is received from a user. The system receives the client hash value and computes a server hash value for password data for the user and a CAPTCHA answer that is stored in a data store that is coupled to the server. The system determines whether the server hash value matches the client hash value, and grants data access to the user when the values match and denies data access to the user when the values do not match. | 12-01-2011 |
20140137224 | SECURING PASSWORDS WITH HASH VALUE - A password security system, hosted by a server, whose method of operation may include receiving a client hash value from a client where the client hash value is computed by hashing a password to generate a first hash value, and hashing the first hash value combined with a user input of an answer to a challenge to generate the client hash value. A server hash value is computed using password data for the user that is stored in a data store coupled to the server and a server-side answer that is stored in the data store. A determination is made whether the server hash value matches the client hash value and data access is granted to the user in view of a determination that the server hash value matches the client hash value, and data access is denied to the user in view of a determination that the server hash value does not match the client hash value. | 05-15-2014 |
Alexander Todorov, Santa Clara, CA US
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20120321427 | Belt-Driven Robot Having Extended Z-Axis Motion - A robot has a robot arm, a support structure, and a movable platform. The platform includes a cantilevered member coupled to a guide of the support structure such that motion of the platform is directed along a first direction. The robot further includes first and second timing belts having portions that extend along the first direction and that are disposed on opposite sides of the cantilevered member, and first and second shafts movable with the movable platform. The shafts are coupled to the respective timing belts, to the robot arm such that rotation of the first shaft imparts angular motion to the robot arm and rotation of the second shaft imparts radial motion. The robot also includes a third timing belt to which the platform is coupled and by which it is moved. Motors are provided that impart movement to the timing belts. | 12-20-2012 |
20140271086 | WORKPIECE FLIPPING MECHANISM FOR SPACE-CONSTRAINED ENVIRONMENT - In one embodiment, a flipping module operable to flip a workpiece delivered by a robot in a vacuum transfer chamber (VTC) includes a gripper disposed outside a working envelope of the robot in a parked position in a vacuum environment of the VTC, and an actuator operable to move the gripper from the parked position to a receiving position, and to rotate the gripper and workpiece to thereby flip the workpiece. | 09-18-2014 |
Atanas Todorov, Yambol BG
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20150220581 | Method of Data Entry - This invention relates to a method of data indexing on external storage devices by a specific index tree and it is applied in data bases, file systems, etc. It is based on B | 08-06-2015 |
Emanuil V. Todorov, Redmond, WA US
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20120150499 | INVERTIBLE CONTACT MODEL - Methods for computing the inverse dynamics of multibody systems with contacts are disclosed. Inverse dynamics means computing external forces that cause a system to move along a given trajectory. Such computations have been used routinely for data analysis and control synthesis in the absence of contacts between rigid bodies. The disclosed inverse dynamics methods include the ability to handle contacts. The disclosed methods include the following steps: projecting the discrete-time equations of motion from joint space to contact space; defining the forward dynamics in contact space as the solution to an optimization problem; using the features of this optimization problem to obtain a unique inverse—which turns out to correspond to the solution to a dual optimization problem; solving the latter using standard methods for numerical optimization; projecting the solution from contact space back to joint space and finding the external forces. The corresponding methods for computing forward dynamics are also disclosed. | 06-14-2012 |
Emil Todorov, Fremont, CA US
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20150116972 | DC-DC Converter Assembly with an Output Inductor Accommodating a Power Stage Attached to a Circuit Board - A DC-DC converter assembly includes a board having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, a power stage die of a DC-DC converter attached to the first side of the board, and an output inductor electrically connected to an output of the power stage die and disposed over the power stage die on the first side of the board. The output inductor includes a magnetic core and an electrical conductor having first and second terminals attached to the first side of the board. The output inductor accommodates the power stage die under the magnetic core so that the power stage die is interposed between the magnetic core and the board. A corresponding method of manufacturing the DC-DC converter assembly and method of manufacturing the output inductor are also disclosed. | 04-30-2015 |
Georgi Dimitrov Todorov, Sofia BG
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20130247782 | Waste Compactor, of Simplified Construction and of Small Dimensions, Particularly for Bars, Cafeterias and Other Small Restaurant Businesses - The compactor comprises at least one robust transport screw, helix or spiral ( | 09-26-2013 |
20140259900 | Protection System for Mechanized Covering of Plant Crops - Protection system for the mechanized covering of plant crops which are usually planted in rows, of the type in which vertical poles ( | 09-18-2014 |
Iliya Todorov, Durham, NC US
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20150069430 | Phosphor-converted light emitting device - A phosphor-converted light emitting device includes a light emitting diode (LED) on a substrate, where the LED comprises a stack of epitaxial layers comprising a p-n junction. A wavelength conversion material is in optical communication with the LED. According to one embodiment of the phosphor-converted light emitting device, a selective filter is adjacent to the wavelength conversion material, and the selective filter comprises a plurality of nanoparticles for absorbing light from the LED not down-converted by the wavelength conversion material. According to another embodiment of the phosphor-converted light emitting device, a perpendicular distance between a perimeter of the LED on the substrate and an edge of the substrate is at least about 24 microns. According to another embodiment of the phosphor-converted light emitting device, the LED comprises a mirror layer on one or more sidewalls thereof for reducing light leakage through the sidewalls. | 03-12-2015 |
Iliya S. Todorov, Durham, NC US
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20140167600 | YELLOW PHOSPHOR HAVING AN INCREASED ACTIVATOR CONCENTRATION AND A METHOD OF MAKING A YELLOW PHOSPHOR - A yellow phosphor having an increased activator concentration includes a host lattice comprising yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) and an activator comprising cerium in the host lattice, where the cerium is present at a concentration of at least about 5 wt. % Ce. A method of making a yellow phosphor includes forming a reaction mixture comprising: a first precursor comprising cerium and oxygen; a second precursor comprising cerium and fluorine; a third precursor comprising yttrium; and a fourth precursor comprising aluminum. The reaction mixture is heated in a reducing environment at a temperature sufficient to form a yellow phosphor including a host lattice comprising yttrium aluminum garnet and an activator comprising cerium (Ce) incorporated in the host lattice. | 06-19-2014 |
Ivan A. Todorov, Aliso Viejo, CA US
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20100205244 | Industrial Process Control Data Access Server Supporting Multiple Client Data Exchange Protocols - A method and process control data server system architecture are disclosed for providing process data to a variety of client applications via a plurality of differing data sharing standards. The system architecture incorporates a ready platform for subsequently added client application data exchange protocols. In an exemplary embodiment, a set of standard interface definitions between client application data exchange protocol-specific plugins and a data access server engine supports incorporating new client application data exchange protocols by means of plugins designed to interface with the data access server engine according to the standard interface definitions. | 08-12-2010 |
Ivan Atanassov Todorov, Tustin, CA US
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20120096180 | Achieving Lossless Data Streaming in a Scan Based Industrial Process Control System - A system for lossless sequence of events data streaming in a scan based process control system is provided. The system comprises a digital interface component, the digital interface component configured to receive a plurality of sequence of events data collected during one scan period, to produce a sequence of events data buffer comprising a plurality of sequence of events data, and to make the sequence of events data buffer available to at least one system component. The digital interface component comprises a storage component, the storage component configured to store a sequence of events data buffer. The system further comprises a processing component that accesses the sequence of events data from the storage component and processes the sequence of events data. | 04-19-2012 |
20120271962 | Achieving Lossless Data Streaming in a Scan Based Industrial Process Control System - A system for lossless sequence of events data streaming in a scan based process control system is provided. The system comprises a digital interface component, the digital interface component configured to receive a plurality of sequence of events data collected during one scan period, to produce a sequence of events data buffer comprising a plurality of sequence of events data, and to make the sequence of events data buffer available to at least one system component. The digital interface component comprises a storage component, the storage component configured to store a sequence of events data buffer. The system further comprises a processing component that accesses the sequence of events data from the storage component and processes the sequence of events data. | 10-25-2012 |
Krasimir Chavdarov Todorov, Sofia BG
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20150142151 | METHOD FOR TRANSFORMING A THREE DIMENSIONAL DIGITAL MODEL IN A SPACE OBJECT MADE OF SHEET MATERIAL - The invention relates to a method for transforming a three dimensional digital model in a space object made of sheet material. The method allows the shape forming elements of the sheet matrix to be permanently or temporarily fixed so that it can be used for circulation copies or unique pieces of the space object in material. The method according to the invention included the object is a three dimensional digital model ( | 05-21-2015 |
Mladan Todorov, Welling Kent GB
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20110135247 | Fiber Splice Housing - Splicing optical fibers from cables running along an infrastructure involves passing the cables into a housing ( | 06-09-2011 |
Mladen Todorov, Welling GB
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20140036957 | FIBRE OPTIC MONITORING INSTALLATION AND METHOD - The invention relates to installations for fibre optic monitoring of articles, and apparatus and methods for forming such installations, including a modular system and components for forming a fibre optic monitoring installation. Applications of the invention include the monitoring of vessels, chambers, and fluid conduits in industrial processing plants, and the invention has particular application to monitoring large vessels, for example temperature monitoring of vessels used in catalytic reforming processes. Convenient installation on or removal from the article being monitored is achieved by providing a support structure for the fibre optic length, which presents the fibre optic length in a preconfigured orientation suitable for monitoring the article. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the fibre optic length is disposed on a panel in a plurality of dense spiral patterns. | 02-06-2014 |
Penio Todorov, Abingdon GB
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20120301404 | TREATMENT OF CACHEXIA - The invention characterizes and provides a receptor for Proteolysis Inducing Factor (PIF) and associated methods and materials employing the same. These have utility, for example, in the provision of treatments for cachexia. | 11-29-2012 |
Penio Todorov, Oxfordshire GB
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20100111974 | Treatment of Cachexia - The invention characterises and provides a receptor for Proteolysis Inducing Factor (PIF) and associated methods and materials employing the same. These have utility, for example, in the provision of treatments for cachexia. | 05-06-2010 |
Penio T. Todorov, Oxfordshire GB
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20100151589 | Glycoproteins Having Lipid Mobilising Properties and Therapeutic Applications Thereof - A biologically active lipid mobilising agent for use in therapy is disclosed which has the properties and characteristics of a Zn-α | 06-17-2010 |
Stanimir Todorov, Leesburg, VA US
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20150359277 | FIGURE SKATING GLOVE WITH FLEXIBLE GRIP-ENHANCING PADDING AND TEXTURED PROTECTIVE ELEMENTS - The invention relates to figure skating gloves with textured grip-enhancing padding with cut, abrasion, and puncture resistant properties located on certain strategic locations of the glove in an effort to protect the hands of figure skaters from injury. | 12-17-2015 |
Stanislav Todorov, Topsfield, MA US
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20130001698 | METHOD TO MODIFY THE SHAPE OF A CAVITY USING ANGLED IMPLANTATION - A method of modifying a shape of a cavity in a substrate. The method includes forming one or more cavities on a surface of the substrate between adjacent relief structures. The method also includes directing ions toward the substrate at a non-normal angle of incidence, wherein the ions strike an upper portion of a cavity sidewall, and wherein the ions do not strike a lower portion of the cavity sidewall. The method further includes etching the one or more cavities wherein the upper portion of a cavity sidewall etches more slowly than the lower portion of the sidewall cavity. | 01-03-2013 |
20130015528 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FORMING LOW CONTACT RESISTANCE DEVICEAANM Waite; AndrewAACI BeverlyAAST MAAACO USAAGP Waite; Andrew Beverly MA USAANM Erokhin; YuriAACI GeorgetownAAST MAAACO USAAGP Erokhin; Yuri Georgetown MA USAANM Todorov; StanislavAACI TopsfieldAAST MAAACO USAAGP Todorov; Stanislav Topsfield MA US - A method of treating a CMOS device. The method may include providing a first stress liner on a transistor of a first dopant type in the CMOS device. The method may further include exposing the CMOS device to first ions in a first exposure, the first ions configured to reduce contact resistance in a source/drain region of a transistor of a second dopant type. | 01-17-2013 |
Stanislav S. Todorov, Topsfield, MA US
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20130252349 | Finfet Device Fabrication Using Thermal Implantation - A method of forming a FinFET device. The method may include providing a substrate having a single crystalline region, heating the substrate to a substrate temperature effective for dynamically removing implant damage during ion implantation, implanting ions into the substrate while the substrate is maintained at the substrate temperature, and patterning the single crystalline region so as to form a single crystalline fin. | 09-26-2013 |
20140162435 | Ion Implant For Defect Control - Various methods for implanting dopant ions into a three dimensional feature of a semiconductor wafer are disclosed. The implant temperature may be varied to insure that the three dimensional feature, after implant, has a crystalline inner core, which is surrounded by an amorphized surface layer. The crystalline core provides a template from which the crystalline structure for the rest of the feature can be regrown. In some embodiments, the implant energy and the implant temperature may each be modified to achieve the desired crystalline inner core with the surrounding amorphized surface layer. | 06-12-2014 |
20140326179 | APPARATUS AND TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROLLING ION IMPLANTATION UNIFORMITY - A system to control an ion beam in an ion implanter includes a detector to perform a plurality of beam current measurements of the ion beam along a first direction perpendicular to a direction of propagation of the ion beam. The system also includes an analysis component to determine a beam current profile based upon the plurality of beam current measurements, the beam current profile comprising a variation of beam current along the first direction; and an adjustment component to adjust a height of the ion beam along the first direction when the beam current profile indicates the beam height is below a threshold. | 11-06-2014 |
Stoyan Todorov, Stuttgart DE
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20140317322 | METHOD FOR OPERATING A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A method for transmitting frames containing data between users of a ring-shaped communication system which has a master and at least one slave as users. Each user has at least one interrupt register, and one field of the at least one interrupt register is associated with an interrupt request and includes a value for an interrupt bit. An interrupt request which includes the interrupt bit is transmitted to the master by a slave in a frame designed as an empty frame. In addition, the empty frame has a toggle bit for all slaves which indicates the state of an interrupt request. | 10-23-2014 |
20140325104 | COMMUNICATIONS ASSEMBLY HAVING LOGIC MULTICHANNEL COMMUNICATION VIA A PHYSICAL TRANSMISSION PATH FOR SERIAL INTERCHIP DATA TRANSMISSION - In a communications assembly having multiple users, one user is designated as a master and additional users are designated as peripheral modules, at least two of the peripheral modules as well as at least two interface modules are integrated into a shared physical implementation unit, and at least one interface module, which is designated as a slave, is unambiguously assigned to each of the at least two peripheral modules. | 10-30-2014 |
Stoyan Todorov, Mannheim DE
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20110231806 | METHOD FOR PARTITIONING ELECTRONIC UNITS - A method for partitioning electronic units and a system for implementing the method are provided. In the method, a plurality of function modules are distributed to the electronic units, for which purpose different inputs are input into an optimizer, which produces a set of comparable distributions. | 09-22-2011 |
20120076146 | Method for transmitting data - A method is described for transmitting data between participants of a serial, ring-shaped communications arrangement in which the participants are serially connected to one another, wherein a data packet is passed from a participant provided as a master to further participants provided as slaves, wherein the data packet is passed from slave to slave, and wherein address information of the data packet is altered by each slave. | 03-29-2012 |
20120079052 | CONTROL UNIT IN A NETWORK, NETWORK, AND ROUTING METHOD FOR MESSAGES IN A NETWORK - In a routing method for messages in a network, at least two adjacent network controllers exchange priority information of stored messages and compare this priority information. Furthermore, in the event that the message memory of one of the two network controllers is full, a lower-priority message in the full memory is replaced with a higher-priority message from the adjacent network controller as a function of the comparison of the priority information. The replacing message is provided for transmission on and/or via the full network controller. | 03-29-2012 |
20130227039 | METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT A COMMUNICATION - In a method for carrying out a communication in a control unit, a message having an identification number is transmitted between a microcontroller and at least one system component, this identification number being used in the at least one system component as basis for a decision with the aid of a message filter as to whether this message is forwarded to a first module for linking a physical layer or to a second module for functions of the system component. | 08-29-2013 |
20130262610 | COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONFIGURING PROGRAMMABLE HARDWARE - A communication system which has a ring-shaped configuration and has at least two users. The users are connected to one another in series, one user being configured as the master and the remaining users being configured as slaves. The master is configured to transmit a data packet to one or multiple slaves. Each slave has a shift register. At least one user in the communication system includes a programmable hardware module, and at least one user in the communication system includes a memory arrangement. The programmable hardware module is configured so that it may be configured by reading out data of the memory arrangement. | 10-03-2013 |
20150085864 | METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING DATA - A method is described for transmitting data between participants of a serial, ring-shaped communications arrangement in which the participants are serially connected to one another, wherein a data packet is passed from a participant provided as a master to further participants provided as slaves, wherein the data packet is passed from slave to slave, and wherein address information of the data packet is altered by each slave. | 03-26-2015 |
Svetlan Todorov, Shrewsbury, MA US
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20140110843 | Semiconductor Unit with Submount for Semiconductor Device - A semiconductor unit includes a submount and a chip coupled to the submount. The submount is configured with a base and a plurality of layers between the base and the chip. One of the layers, a heat-spreading electro-conducting sliver (“Ag”) layer, is deposited atop the base. The thickness of the Ag layer is selected so that a cumulative coefficient of thermal expansion of the submount substantially matches that one of the chip. Coupled to the active zone of the chip is a stress-dumping layer made from elastic malleable materials. | 04-24-2014 |
Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov, Matieland ZA
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20090297482 | PROBIOTIC STRAIN AND ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE DERIVED THEREFROM - The invention relates to a strain of | 12-03-2009 |
20110268703 | PROBIOTIC STRAIN AND ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE DERIVED THEREFROM - A strain of | 11-03-2011 |
Svletan Todorov, Oxford, MA US
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20140353362 | Laser Ablation Process for Manufacturing Submounts for Laser Diode and Laser Diode Units - A method for manufacturing submounts for laser diodes includes the steps of providing a base configured with a ceramic carrier and a metal layer deposited upon the substrate. The method further includes using a pulsed laser operative to generate a plurality of pulses which are selectively trained at predetermined pattern on the metal layer's surface so as to ablate the desired regions of the metal layer to the desired depth. Thereafter the base is divided into a plurality of submounts each supporting a laser diode. The metal layer includes a silver sub-layer deposited upon the ceramic and having a thickness sufficient to effectively facilitate heat dissipation. | 12-04-2014 |
Teodor K. Todorov, Westchester, NY US
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20140096826 | SOLUTION PROCESSING OF KESTERITE SEMICONDUCTORS - Methods for depositing a kesterite film comprising a compound of the formula: | 04-10-2014 |
20150135994 | SOLUTION PROCESSING OF KESTERITE SEMICONDUCTORS - Methods for depositing a kesterite film comprising a compound of the formula: | 05-21-2015 |
20150144177 | SOLUTION PROCESSING OF KESTERITE SEMICONDUCTORS - Methods for depositing a kesterite film comprising a compound of the formula: | 05-28-2015 |
Teodor K. Todorov, Yorktown Heights, NY US
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20110094557 | METHOD OF FORMING SEMICONDUCTOR FILM AND PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE INCLUDING THE FILM - A method of depositing a kesterite film which includes a compound of the formula: Cu | 04-28-2011 |
20110097496 | AQUEOUS-BASED METHOD OF FORMING SEMICONDUCTOR FILM AND PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE INCLUDING THE FILM - A method with enhanced safety characteristics of depositing a kesterite film, which includes a compound of the formula: Cu | 04-28-2011 |
20120070936 | ANNEALING THIN FILMS - In an annealing process, a Kesterite film is provided on a substrate. The Kesterite film and the substrate are generally planar, have an interface, and have a substrate exterior side and a Kesterite exterior side. An additional step includes locating the cap adjacent the Kesterite exterior side. A further step includes applying sufficient heat to the Kesterite film and the substrate for a sufficient time to anneal the Kesterite film. The annealing is carried out with the cap adjacent the Kesterite exterior side. In another aspect, the film is not limited to Kesterite, and the cap is employed without any precursor layer thereon. Solar cell manufacturing techniques employing the annealing techniques are also disclosed. | 03-22-2012 |
20120222730 | TANDEM SOLAR CELL WITH IMPROVED ABSORPTION MATERIAL - A photosensitive device and method includes a top cell having an N-type layer, a P-type layer and a top intrinsic layer therebetween. A bottom cell includes an N-type layer, a P-type layer and a bottom intrinsic layer therebetween. The bottom intrinsic layer includes a Cu—Zn—Sn containing chalcogenide. | 09-06-2012 |
20120279565 | METHOD OF FORMING SEMICONDUCTOR FILM AND PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE INCLUDING THE FILM - A method of depositing a kesterite film which includes a compound of the formula: Cu | 11-08-2012 |
20140124011 | Heat Treatment Process and Photovoltaic Device Based on Said Process - Low-temperature sulfurization/selenization heat treatment processes for photovoltaic devices are provided. In one aspect, a method for fabricating a photovoltaic device is provided. The method includes the following steps. A substrate is provided that is either (i) formed from an electrically conductive material or (ii) coated with at least one layer of a conductive material. A chalcogenide absorber layer is formed on the substrate. A buffer layer is formed on the absorber layer. A transparent front contact is formed on the buffer layer. The device is contacted with a chalcogen-containing vapor having a sulfur and/or selenium compound under conditions sufficient to improve device performance by filling chalcogen vacancies within the absorber layer or the buffer layer or by passivating one or more of grain boundaries in the absorber layer, an interface between the absorber layer and the buffer layer and an interface between the absorber layer and the substrate. | 05-08-2014 |
20140144497 | ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES - A photovoltaic device and method include a substrate, a conductive layer formed on the substrate and an absorber layer formed on the conductive layer from a Cu—Zn—Sn containing chalcogenide material. An emitter layer is formed on the absorber layer and a buffer layer is formed on the emitter layer including an atomic layer deposition (ALD) layer. A transparent conductor layer is formed on the buffer layer. | 05-29-2014 |
20140147958 | ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES - A photovoltaic device and method include a substrate, a conductive layer formed on the substrate and an absorber layer formed on the conductive layer from a Cu—Zn—Sn containing chalcogenide material. An emitter layer is formed on the absorber layer and a buffer layer is formed on the emitter layer including an atomic layer deposition (ALD) layer. A transparent conductor layer is formed on the buffer layer. | 05-29-2014 |
20150263199 | TANDEM SOLAR CELL WITH IMPROVED ABSORPTION MATERIAL - A photosensitive device and method includes a top cell having an N-type layer, a P-type layer and a top intrinsic layer therebetween. A bottom cell includes an N-type layer, a P-type layer and a bottom intrinsic layer therebetween. The bottom intrinsic layer includes a Cu—Zn—Sn containing chalcogenide. | 09-17-2015 |
20150340536 | ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES - A photovoltaic device and method include a substrate, a conductive layer formed on the substrate and an absorber layer formed on the conductive layer from a Cu—Zn—Sn containing chalcogenide material. An emitter layer is formed on the absorber layer and a buffer layer is formed on the emitter layer including an atomic layer deposition (ALD) layer. A transparent conductor layer is formed on the buffer layer. | 11-26-2015 |
20150377702 | Spectrometer Insert for Measuring Temperature-Dependent Optical Properties - In one aspect, a spectrometer insert is provided. The spectrometer insert includes: an enclosed housing; a first transparent window on a first side of the enclosed housing; a second transparent window on a second side of the enclosed housing, wherein the first side and the second side are opposing sides of the enclosed housing; and a sample mounting and heating assembly positioned within an interior cavity of the enclosed housing in between, and in line of sight of, the first transparent window and the second transparent window. A method for using the spectrometer insert to locally heat a sample so as to measure temperature-dependent optical properties of the sample is also provided. | 12-31-2015 |
20160035917 | Techniques for Perovskite Layer Crystallization - Vacuum annealing-based techniques for forming perovskite materials are provided. In one aspect, a method of forming a perovskite material is provided. The method includes the steps of: depositing a metal halide layer on a sample substrate; and vacuum annealing the metal halide layer and methylammonium halide under conditions sufficient to form methylammonium halide vapor which reacts with the metal halide layer and forms the perovskite material on the sample substrate. A perovskite-based photovoltaic device and method of formation thereof are also provided. | 02-04-2016 |
20160035927 | Tandem Kesterite-Perovskite Photovoltaic Device - Tandem Kesterite-perovskite photovoltaic devices and techniques for formation thereof are provided. In one aspect, a tandem photovoltaic device is provided. The tandem photovoltaic device includes a bottom cell having a first absorber layer comprising copper, zinc, tin, and at least one of sulfur and selenium and a top cell connected in series with the bottom cell, the top cell having a second absorber layer comprising a perovskite material. A method of forming a tandem photovoltaic device is also provided. | 02-04-2016 |
20160040303 | Techniques for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation - Techniques for photocatalytic hydrogen generation are provided. In one aspect, a hydrogen producing cell is provided. The hydrogen producing cell includes an anode electrode; a photocatalytic material adjacent to the anode electrode; a solid electrolyte adjacent to a side of the photocatalytic material opposite the anode electrode; and a cathode electrode adjacent to a side of the solid electrolyte opposite the photocatalytic material. A solar hydrogen producing system including at least one solar concentrating assembly having the hydrogen producing cell, and a method for producing hydrogen using the hydrogen producing cell are also provided. | 02-11-2016 |
20160087233 | Monolithic Tandem Chalcopyrite-Perovskite Photovoltaic Device - Monolithic tandem chalcopyrite-perovskite photovoltaic devices and techniques for formation thereof are provided. In one aspect, a tandem photovoltaic device is provided. The tandem photovoltaic device includes a substrate; a bottom solar cell on the substrate, the bottom solar cell having a first absorber layer that includes a chalcopyrite material; and a top solar cell monolithically integrated with the bottom solar cell, the top solar cell having a second absorber layer that includes a perovskite material. A monolithic tandem photovoltaic device and method of formation thereof are also provided. | 03-24-2016 |
20160093762 | ANNEAL TECHNIQUES FOR CHALCOGENIDE SEMICONDUCTORS - Techniques for precisely controlling the composition of volatile components (such as sulfur (S), selenium (Se), and tin (Sn)) of chalcogenide semiconductors in real-time—during production of the material are provided. In one aspect, a method for forming a chalcogenide semiconductor material includes providing a S source(s) and a Se source(s); heating the S source(s) to form a S-containing vapor; heating the Se source(s) to form a Se-containing vapor; passing a carrier gas first through the S-containing vapor and then through the Se-containing vapor, wherein the S-containing vapor and the Se-containing vapor are transported via the carrier gas to a sample; and contacting the S-containing vapor and the Se-containing vapor with the sample under conditions sufficient to form the chalcogenide semiconductor material. A multi-chamber processing apparatus is also provided. | 03-31-2016 |
Teodor Krassimirov Todorov, Yorktown Heights, NY US
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20130037090 | Capping Layers for Improved Crystallization - Techniques for fabrication of kesterite Cu—Zn—Sn—(Se,S) films and improved photovoltaic devices based on these films are provided. In one aspect, a method of fabricating a kesterite film having a formula Cu | 02-14-2013 |
20130037110 | Particle-Based Precursor Formation Method and Photovoltaic Device Thereof - Techniques for fabrication of kesterite Cu—Zn—Sn—(Se,S) films and improved photovoltaic devices based on these films are provided. In one aspect, a method of forming metal chalcogenide nanoparticles is provided. The method includes the following steps. Water, a source of Zn, a source of Cu, optionally a source of Sn and at least one of a source of S and a source of Se are contacted under conditions sufficient to produce a dispersion of the metal chalcogenide nanoparticles having a Zn chalcogenide distributed within a surface layer thereof. The metal chalcogenide nanoparticles are separated from the dispersion and can subsequently be used to form an ink for deposition of kesterite films. | 02-14-2013 |
20130061903 | Heat Treatment Process and Photovoltaic Device Based on Said Process - Low-temperature sulfurization/selenization heat treatment processes for photovoltaic devices are provided. In one aspect, a method for fabricating a photovoltaic device is provided. The method includes the following steps. A substrate is provided that is either (i) formed from an electrically conductive material or (ii) coated with at least one layer of a conductive material. A chalcogenide absorber layer is formed on the substrate. A buffer layer is formed on the absorber layer. A transparent front contact is formed on the buffer layer. The device is contacted with a chalcogen-containing vapor having a sulfur and/or selenium compound under conditions sufficient to improve device performance by filling chalcogen vacancies within the absorber layer or the buffer layer or by passivating one or more of grain boundaries in the absorber layer, an interface between the absorber layer and the buffer layer and an interface between the absorber layer and the substrate. | 03-14-2013 |
Valentin N. Todorov, Palo Alto, CA US
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20080197110 | PULSED-PLASMA SYSTEM WITH PULSED SAMPLE BIAS FOR ETCHING SEMICONDUCTOR SUBSTRATES - A pulsed plasma system with pulsed sample bias for etching semiconductor structures is described. In one embodiment, a portion of a sample is removed by applying a pulsed plasma process, wherein the pulsed plasma process comprises a plurality of duty cycles. A negative bias is applied to the sample during the ON state of each duty cycle, while a zero bias is applied to the sample during the OFF state of each duty cycle. In another embodiment, a first portion of a sample is removed by applying a continuous plasma process. The continuous plasma process is then terminated and a second portion of the sample is removed by applying a pulsed plasma process. | 08-21-2008 |
20080206483 | PLASMA PROCESS FOR INDUCTIVELY COUPLING POWER THROUGH A GAS DISTRIBUTION PLATE WHILE ADJUSTING PLASMA DISTRIBUTION - A method of processing a workpiece in the chamber of a plasma reactor having a ceiling overlying the workpiece by introducing a process gas into the chamber through a gas distribution plate in the ceiling. The gas is introduced by distributing gas flow from a first gas input to plural gas distribution orifices extending through a manifold of the gas distribution plate, and distributing gas flow from each of the plural gas distribution orifices to plural gas injection orifices in a showerhead of the gas distribution plate. The method further includes restricting gas flow in the gas distribution plate to paths having arcuate lengths about an axis of symmetry less than a complete circle. The method also includes capacitively and inductively coupling plasma source power into the chamber through the gas distribution. The method further includes adjusting the plasma ion density radial distribution in the process region by adjusting the ratio between the amounts of the capacitively coupled VHF power and the inductively coupled power. | 08-28-2008 |
20080230008 | PLASMA SPECIES AND UNIFORMITY CONTROL THROUGH PULSED VHF OPERATION - An apparatus for processing a substrate has a chamber, a high frequency power source, and a low frequency power source. The chamber has a first and second electrode disposed therein. The high frequency power source is electrically coupled to either the first or second electrode to supply a first RF signal. The low frequency power source electrically coupled to either the first or second electrode to supply a second RF signal. The first RF signal is pulsed on and off so as to enhance electron loss in the chamber. | 09-25-2008 |
Vladimir Todorov, Muenchen DE
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20140026126 | METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR INTERCONNECT TRACING - A trace monitor configured to trace an exchange of a plurality of signals between a master device and a slave device of the system on chip, wherein the plurality of signals have a number of requests and a number of responses; and track the number of requests and the number of responses made before and after tracing is activated to determine which Reponses of the number of responses to trace after tracing is activated and a remaining number of responses to trace after tracing is deactivated. | 01-23-2014 |
Vladimir Todorov, Munich DE
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20130166701 | System Having Trace Resources - A system includes a functional unit having a plurality of components. The system further includes trace resources for tracking processes executed by the functional unit. The trace resources include a network configuration having a plurality of nodes and a plurality of monitors, wherein each of the monitors is coupled to a node and is configured to determine trace information of a component. Further, a trace unit is coupled to the network configuration. | 06-27-2013 |
Yanko Marinov Todorov, Ageo-Shi JP
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20130327979 | Lithium-Manganese-Type Solid Solution Positive Electrode Material - Provided is a lithium-manganese-type solid solution positive electrode material capable of effectively suppressing gas generation in an initial cycle. Proposed is a lithium-manganese-type solid solution positive electrode material that includes a monoclinic structure of C2/m in a hexagonal structure of a space group R-3m. The lithium-manganese-type solid solution positive electrode material contains a solid solution expressed by a composition formula: xLi | 12-12-2013 |
20140252268 | Spinel Type Lithium-Manganese-Nickel-Containing Composite Oxide - Provided is a new 5 V class spinel exhibiting an operating potential of 4.5 V or higher (5 V class) with respect to the Li metal reference potential, having an excellent discharge capacity retention ratio at high temperatures (for example, 45° C.). Suggested is a spinel type lithium-manganese-nickel-containing composite oxide containing a crystalline phase in which a portion of Mn sites in LiMn | 09-11-2014 |
20150064555 | Negative Electrode Active Material for Nonaqueous Electrolyte Secondary Batteries - Provided is a novel negative electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, which is capable of improving cycle characteristics and is also capable of suppressing aggregation of active material particles in a slurry. The negative electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, which contains silicon and has a D50 of 0.1 μm to 5 μm, and the amount of water measured at 120° C. to 300° C. by the Karl-Fischer method (referred to as “amount of water”) per specific surface area (referred to as “CS”), that is, the amount of water/CS, of 0.1 to 80 ppm/(m | 03-05-2015 |
20150132645 | Negative Electrode Active Material for Nonaqueous Electrolyte Secondary Batteries - In order to propose a new negative electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries having excellent dispersibility even with a negative electrode active material having a relatively small particle size, there is proposed a negative electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, the negative electrode active material containing silicon and having negative electrode active material particles that have a D50 based on a volume-based particle size distribution obtainable by measurement by a laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution analysis method, of 0.1 μm to 5.0 μm, and include a surface layer containing oxygen, silicon and carbon on the entire surface or a portion of the active material surface. | 05-14-2015 |
20150147652 | Manganese Spinel-Type Lithium Transition Metal Oxide - Provided is a new 5 V class spinel exhibiting an operating potential of 4.5 V or more (5 V class), which can suppress the amount of gas generation during high temperature cycles. Suggested is a manganese spinel-type lithium transition metal oxide represented by formula: Li[Ni | 05-28-2015 |
20150194669 | Negative Electrode Active Material for Nonaqueous Electrolyte Secondary Batteries - Proposed is a novel negative electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries in which the battery capacity does not decrease even when charging and discharging are repeated. Proposed is a silicon-containing negative electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, comprising negative electrode active material particles which are provided with a surface layer containing carbon and titanium or aluminum on the entirety or a portion of the surface of the active material. | 07-09-2015 |
20150255791 | Spinel-Type Lithium-Manganese Composite Oxide - Provided is a novel spinel-type lithium-manganese composite oxide, allowing gas generation amount to be limited for a gas generated via a reaction with an electrolytic solution. Proposed is a spinel-type lithium-manganese composite oxide, wherein, when the spinel-type lithium-manganese composite oxide is placed in an ion-exchanged water at 20° C., stirred for 10 minutes, then, left to stand undisturbed for 2 minutes, separated into a supernatant and a precipitate and recovered, with respect to the “16d-site-to-32e-site inter-atomic distance (100%)” of the spinel-type lithium-manganese composite oxide contained in the precipitate measured by the Rietveld method using the fundamental method, proportionally, the “16d-site-to-32e-site inter-atomic distance” of the spinel-type lithium-manganese composite oxide contained in the supernatant is less than 101.5%. | 09-10-2015 |
Yanko Marinov Todorov, Saitama JP
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20120270106 | POSITIVE ELECTRODE FOR NONAQUEOUS SECONDARY BATTERY - To provide a positive electrode for nonaqueous secondary batteries having improved charge/discharge cycle characteristics, the positive electrode contains in its active material layer a compound represented by formula: | 10-25-2012 |
20120319038 | NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR NONAQUEOUS SECONDARY BATTERY - A negative electrode active material for nonaqueous secondary batteries containing a silicon solid solution. The silicon solid solution has one or more than one of a group 3 semimetal or metal element, a group 4 semimetal or metal element except silicon, and a group 5 nonmetal or semimetal element incorporated in silicon. The solid solution shows an XRD pattern in which the position of the XRD peak of the solid solution corresponding to the XRD peak position assigned to the (422) plane of silicon shifts to the smaller or greater angle side relative to the position of the XRD peak assigned to the (422) plane of silicon peak by 0.1° to 1°. The solid solution has a lattice strain of 0.01% to 1% as determined by XRD. | 12-20-2012 |
Yanko Marinov Todorov, Takehara-Shi JP
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20160093882 | Positive Electrode Active Material for Lithium Secondary Battery - Provided is a lithium secondary battery using a positive electrode active material which operates at a charging voltage in a region exceeding 4.3 V, and a novel positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery which can further enhance the output characteristics. Proposed is a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery including positive electrode active material particles obtained by equipping the entire surface or a part of the surface of lithium manganese-containing composite oxide particles (also referred to as the “core particles”) operating at a charging voltage in a region exceeding 4.3 V in a metal Li reference potential with a layer A containing at least Ti, Al, Zr, or two or more kinds of these, and C. | 03-31-2016 |
20160111716 | Positive Electrode Active Material for Lithium Secondary Battery - Provided is a novel positive electrode active material which can effectively suppress the quantity of gas generated by the reaction with an electrolytic solution. Proposed is a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery including positive electrode active material particles obtained by equipping the entire surface or a part of a surface of lithium manganese-containing composite oxide particles (also referred to as the “core particles”) operating at a charging voltage in a region exceeding 4.3 V in a metal Li reference potential with a layer A containing at least titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), zirconium (Zr), or two or more kinds of these. | 04-21-2016 |