Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100100799 | FAULT DETECTION APPARATUS, FAULT DETECTION METHOD, AND FAULT DETECTION PROGRAM - A comparison unit compares polarities of a plurality of redundant input signals. A comparison-result storing unit stores a comparison result of the comparison unit for each predetermined sampling cycle. A judgment unit judges whether the redundant input signals are normal using a plurality of comparison results for a predetermined number of samplings in a time-series order from a latest comparison result among a plurality of comparison results stored in the comparison-result storing unit. | 04-22-2010 |
20100234968 | SAFETY CONTROL DEVICE - To obtain a safety control device capable of shortening a response time without using a high-speed CPU, command judging units judge whether an output command that has been input is an ON command or an OFF command; comparing units transmit a judgment result of their command judging units to each other and compare the judgment results of the command judging units with each other. Output units output an output signal to turn off a switch if the judgment result of the command judging units is the OFF command or if the comparison result of the comparing units indicates disagreement. | 09-16-2010 |
20110316730 | ANALOG UNIT - An ADC code given in response to input of an analog input value to an A/D converter circuit is measured at a site where an A/D converter unit is used to measure a user-measured value. A user-set value calculating part calculates a user offset value and a user gain value on the basis of one user-measured value, a factory offset value, and a factory gain value, and stores the calculated user offset value and the user gain value in a nonvolatile memory. | 12-29-2011 |
20130021135 | SAFETY APPARATUS AND FAULT DETECTION METHODS - A safety apparatus includes: a latch circuit which retains an inconsistent state record when input signals from a plurality of sensors are in an inconsistent state, and frees the inconsistent state record when the input signals from the plurality of sensors are all in an OFF state; and an AND circuit which performs a sensor fault determination at timing when the input signals from the plurality of sensors are all in an ON state, the sensor fault determination including determining that at least one of the plurality of sensors is failed if the latch circuit retains the inconsistent state record and determining that none of the plurality of the sensors is failed if the latch circuit retains no inconsistent state record. | 01-24-2013 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090166537 | LIGHT RECEIVING APPARATUS, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS AND IMAGE DISPLAY APPARATUS - Disclosed herein is a light receiving apparatus, including: a light receiving section including a light receiving element; a transparent part; and a light guiding part inserted in the groove; the groove having, on the front face side, a side face formed as an arcuately curved face convex toward the front face side and having the same shape in any cross section perpendicular to the front face and also to the depthwise direction of the groove; the light guiding part having a side face opposing to the side face of the groove on the front face side and formed as an arcuately curved face which is convex toward the front face side in a state wherein the light guiding part is inserted in the groove and which has the same shape in any cross section perpendicular to the front face and also to the depthwise direction of the groove. | 07-02-2009 |
20100053875 | INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS SYSTEM - An information processing apparatus includes a main body portion, a support portion, and a communication portion. The main body portion includes a display portion. The support portion supports the main body portion and forms a space below the main body portion in which information equipment connectable to the main body portion can be accommodated. The communication portion is provided to the support portion and performs communication with a noncontact-type communication medium. | 03-04-2010 |
20140063772 | ELECTRONIC APPARATUS - An electronic apparatus includes a main body having a first surface having a display surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a first support disposed between the first surface and the second surface being capable of contacting with a put-on surface; a stand member attached to the main body having a second support being capable of contacting with the put-on surface; and a hinge unit having a hinge rotatably supporting the stand member against the main body between a first rotational position for standing up the main body on the put-on surface and a second rotational position for laying the main body over the put-on surface, and an elastic member disposed at the hinge for adding a rotational force from a second rotational position side to a first rotational position side. | 03-06-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080206494 | Glass substrate for display and display - A glass substrate for a display, which is formed of a glass having a light weight and having high refinability with decreasing environmental burdens, the glass comprising, by mass %, 50 to 70% of SiO | 08-28-2008 |
20100298112 | Glass substrate for display and display - A glass substrate for a display, which is formed of a glass having a light weight and having high refinability with decreasing environmental burdens, the glass comprising, by mass %, 50 to 70% of SiO | 11-25-2010 |
20140031192 | GLASS SUBSTRATE FOR DISPLAY AND DISPLAY - A glass substrate for a display, which is formed of a glass having a light weight and having high refinability with decreasing environmental burdens, the glass comprising, by mass %, 50 to 70% of SiO | 01-30-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20140041928 | ELECTRICAL JUNCTION BOX - An electrical junction box includes: a case main body provided with a wire receiver for receiving an end of an electric wire at a lower surface side; and a lower cover for covering the lower surface. Further, the electric wire is routed in between the lower surface of the case main body and the lower cover, and guided out from a wire outlet composed of a notch and a projecting piece. A biting prevention piece is projected from an edge of the lower cover toward the lower surface. A receiving groove for receiving the biting prevention piece is provided on an inside of a peripheral wall of the case main body. After the tip of the biting prevention piece pushing aside the electric wires to an inside of the case main body is inserted into the receiving groove, the lower cover is attached to the case main body. | 02-13-2014 |
20140045351 | ELECTRIC JUNCTION BOX - Disclosed is an electric junction box capable of preventing an electric wire from entering into a second housing and contacting with an electric wire crimped part, and of allowing a bus bar smoothly to insert into a frame. The electric wire includes a frame and a bus bar. The bus bar includes a plate part, a plurality of terminals projecting in parallel with each other from one end of the plate, and an electric wire crimped part projecting from the other end of the plate. The frame includes a first housing accommodating the plate part and the plurality of terminals, and a second housing projecting from an end of the first housing and accommodating the electric wire crimped part. A tubular peripheral wall composing the second housing includes a slit passing the bus bar therethrough upon the bus bar being inserted into the frame. | 02-13-2014 |
20140060877 | ELECTRICAL JUNCTION BOX - An electrical junction box includes a frame, a bus bar and a relay to be mounted to the frame, a junction terminal interconnecting a plate-like terminal portion of the bus bar and a plate-like terminal portion of the relay. The junction terminal includes a tubular portion having a pair of opposing walls and a spring portion arranged in the tubular portion such that the plate-like terminal portion of the bus bar inserted into the tubular portion from one side is sandwiched between the spring portion and one opposing wall and the plate-like terminal portion of the electronic component inserted into the tubular portion from the other side is sandwiched between the spring portion and the other opposing wall. The frame includes a receiving portion allowing the junction terminal to enter only when it is in correct position and an engagement portion holding the junction terminal inserted into the receiving portion. | 03-06-2014 |
20140065894 | Bus Bar - The invention provides a bus bar, which includes an elongated base plate, a plurality of tuning fork-shaped terminal portions and a plurality of plate-shaped terminal portions both extending from one lateral end of the elongated base plate, a terminal-protecting portions being perpendicular to the elongated base plate and extending from both longitudinal ends of the elongated base plate, and an electric wire-crimping portion extending from the other lateral end of the elongated base plate. | 03-06-2014 |
20150236489 | ELECTRICAL JUNCTION BOX - Provided is an electrical junction box which prevents a bonder cap from falling out of a bonder cap accommodating part without using a bundling tie. The electrical junction box includes a frame having a bonder cap accommodating part and a terminal-attached wire accommodating part, and a cover. An edge forming an insertion port of the bonder cap accommodating part includes a low profile portion with the same height as that of an edge of the terminal-attached wire accommodating part and a projecting portion projecting beyond the low profile portion. In a state where the cover is attached to the frame, a distance between the low profile portion and the cover is longer than the full length of the bonder cap, and a distance between the most projected portion of the projecting portion and the cover is shorter than the full length of the bonder cap. The wire bundle outside the bonder cap accommodating part is bent toward the low profile portion. | 08-20-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090120915 | METHOD FOR MAKING AIRTIGHT CONTAINER - A laser beam emitted from a laser oscillator unit passes through a first substrate and irradiates a sealing member. The sealing member irradiated with the laser beam is heated in accordance with the absorptance and thus softens and melts. The laser beam is reflected by the sealing member and the reflection reaches a detector unit. A computing unit transmits information, such as a correction value of the laser power, to a laser controlling unit on the basis of the information from the detector unit so that the melting state of the surface of the sealing member is kept constant. In this manner, the melting state of the sealing material can be maintained in an appropriate state. | 05-14-2009 |
20090199963 | AIRTIGHT CONTAINER MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND IMAGE DISPLAYING APPARATUS MANUFACTURING METHOD USING AIRTIGHT CONTAINER MANUFACTURING METHOD - An airtight container manufacturing method capable of effectively utilizing an energy beam and improving a “takt time” as acquiring desired bonding intensity is provided. That is, a first bonding material is arranged between a first plate structure and a frame, a second bonding material is arranged between a second plate structure and the frame. The energy beam is irradiated to the first bonding material through the first plate structure to bond the first plate structure and the frame. The energy beam is irradiated to the second bonding material through the frame so that the beam transmits through the first plate structure and the surface of the frame on the side of the first plate structure, to bond the second plate structure and the frame. Such bonding processes are performed after an arrangement step. | 08-13-2009 |
20090277887 | JOINT METHOD USING LASER BEAM AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF AIRTIGHT CONTAINER - Provided is a manufacturing method for an airtight container excelling in airtightness and adhesion and having small stress. An area where temperature easily rises compared to an area adjacent to an area of a part of a joint member and capable of melting the adjacent area by laser beam irradiation is provided in the area of a part of the joint member, and the laser beam irradiation is started therefrom. | 11-12-2009 |
20100112890 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING AIRTIGHT CONTAINER - A method for producing an airtight container includes preparing an assembly having a first substrate and a frame member, the first substrate having an electron-emitting element formed on a first surface thereof, the frame member mounted on the first surface outside an area where the electron-emitting element is formed; forming a temporary assembly having the assembly and a second substrate by bringing the second substrate into contact with the frame member via a joining member such that an inner space is formed; melting the joining member by irradiating the joining member with a laser beam transmitted through the second substrate; and solidifying the melted joining member. The laser beam is applied such that an incident direction at an irradiation position on the joining member does not include components toward the interior of the frame member while the laser beam moves relative to the temporary assembly. | 05-06-2010 |
20110108532 | LASER PROCESSING METHOD - Provided is a laser processing method capable of improving precision of a processing shape and degree of freedom of the processing shape. When a recess portion is formed in a substrate (W) which is an object to be processed, an inner portion of the substrate (W) is scanned with a condensing point (L | 05-12-2011 |
20120021664 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING AIRTIGHT CONTAINER - A method for producing an airtight container includes preparing an assembly having a first substrate and a frame member, the first substrate having an electron-emitting element formed on a first surface thereof, the frame member mounted on the first surface outside an area where the electron-emitting element is formed; forming a temporary assembly having the assembly and a second substrate by bringing the second substrate into contact with the frame member via a joining member such that an inner space is formed; melting the joining member by irradiating the joining member with a laser beam transmitted through the second substrate; and solidifying the melted joining member. The laser beam is applied such that an incident direction at an irradiation position on the joining member does not include components toward the interior of the frame member while the laser beam moves relative to the temporary assembly. | 01-26-2012 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20130223891 | DEVELOPMENT DEVICE, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS - An image forming apparatus is provided which includes a development device that has no developer supply member and with which the decrease in density at a back end of a solid image and occurrence of ghosting are suppressed. A development roller having dielectric portions scattered on a surface thereof is provided and components are configured so that the position of the dielectric portions in a triboelectric series is on the same polarity side, relative to a regulating blade, as the normal charge polarity of the toner. | 08-29-2013 |
20130295330 | CHARGING MEMBER AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS - There is provided a charging member having charging performance that is not easily changed even by long-term use. | 11-07-2013 |
20140004258 | METHOD OF PRODUCING MEMBER FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY AND COATING LIQUID | 01-02-2014 |
20140072343 | CHARGING MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS - Provided is a charging member whose surface is suppressed to adhesion of toner or an external additive and is not contaminated easily, and which is less likely to occur a track due to the contact between the charging member and a photosensitive member in an electrophotographic image. The charging member comprises a support, an elastic layer, and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer comprises: a constitutional unit represented by the following general formula (1); a constitutional unit represented by the following general formula (2); a polymer compound having a bond of Si—O—Ti; and phenyl-modified silicone oil having a particular structure. | 03-13-2014 |
20140080691 | CHARGING MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS - The present invention provides a charging member that suppresses abnormal discharge which induces charging unevenness, and that has little contamination on a surface layer, to thereby enable uniform charging over a long period. The charging member includes a substrate, an elastic layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a polymer compound having constitutional units represented by the following general formula (1), chemical formula (2) and general formula (3), and having a Si—O—Ti bond, a Ti—O-M bond and a Si—O-M bond. M is any atom selected from the group consisting of V, Nb and W. | 03-20-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090230817 | FERROELECTRIC SINGLE CRYSTAL, SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE FILTER COMPRISING THE SAME, AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF - The present invention provides a lithium tantalate (LT) single crystal or a lithium niobate (LN) single crystal, which has strong resistance to stress shock or thermal shock, and a surface acoustic wave filter comprising a piezoelectric substrate produced from the single crystal. The lithium tantalate single crystal or lithium niobate single crystal of the invention contains at least one additional element selected from the group consisting of iron, copper, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, zinc, carbon, magnesium, titanium, tungsten, indium, tin, rhenium, scandium, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, silver, platinum, gold, yttrium, neodymium, iridium, germanium, barium, cesium, strontium, gallium, cerium and other transition elements at a ratio of from 0.002 wt % or more to 0.1 wt % or less, and has excellent stress shock characteristics and thermal shock characteristics. | 09-17-2009 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20130134555 | CAPACITIVE ELEMENT - A capacitive element includes: an upper electrode; a lower electrode; and a dielectric layer that is disposed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and includes a first film, a second film and a third film which are made of any one of silicon nitride and aluminum oxide and laminated from a side of the lower electrode in order, a composition ratio of any one of silicon and aluminum in each of the first film and the third film being larger than a corresponding composition ratio in the second film. | 05-30-2013 |
20130256755 | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME - A semiconductor device includes: a gate electrode that is provided on a semiconductor layer, and contains a Ni-containing layer; an insulating film that covers the gate electrode, and has a step; a covering layer that is provided between the gate electrode and the insulating film, and is arty one of a metal which has a melting point equal to or more than 1,600 degrees, and an oxide and a nitride of the metal; and a metal layer that is provided on the step. | 10-03-2013 |
20130264657 | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE - A semiconductor device includes a gate electrode formed on a nitride semiconductor layer, and a source electrode and a drain electrode provided on the nitride semiconductor layer so as to interpose the gate electrode therebetween, a first silicon nitride film that covers the gate electrode and the silicon nitride film and has a composition ratio of silicon to nitrogen equal to or larger than 0.75, the first silicon nitride film having compressive stress solely, and a second. silicon nitride film that is formed on the first silicon nitride film and has a composition ratio of silicon to nitrogen equal to or larger than 0.75 solely, a whole stacked layer structure of the first and second silicon nitride films having tensile stress. | 10-10-2013 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080252225 | Dielectric Barrier Discharge Lamp Lighting Device - A dielectric barrier discharge lamp lighting device includes a transformer that supplies a driving voltage to a dielectric barrier discharge lamp from a secondary coil, and a driving circuit that controls an input voltage to the transformer to supply a driving voltage with a driving frequency fd to the dielectric barrier discharge lamp. The self-resonant frequency fr of the secondary coil, which is measured with the primary coil of the transformer being open, is equal to the driving frequency fd or a frequency in the vicinity of the driving frequency fd. This frequency fr satisfies, for example, 0.9fd≦fr≦1.3fd. | 10-16-2008 |
20090058308 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR LIGHTING DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE LAMP - A pair of internal electrodes are disposed at both ends of a lamp. A first voltage including a positive DC voltage superimposed on a substantial rectangular waveform voltage is applied to one of the internal electrodes. A second voltage including a negative DC voltage superimposed on the substantial rectangular waveform voltage is applied to the other internal electrode. The dark portion occurring substantially at the center in the longitudinal direction of the lamp becomes invisible, so that the brightness distribution is improved. | 03-05-2009 |
20090066257 | DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE LAMP LIGHTING APPARATUS AND METHOD OF DETECTING THE NUMBER OF NORMALLY LIGHTING DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE LAMPS - A dielectric barrier discharge lamp lighting apparatus includes twenty-four dielectric barrier discharge lamps, and a ballast circuit for lighting the twenty-four dielectric barrier discharge lamps which includes a DC power supply, an inverter circuit, a step-up transformer, and a lighting lamp number detecting circuit. The lighting lamp number detecting circuit detects the number of normally lighting dielectric barrier discharge lamps based on a first peek appearing right after polarity change of an approximate rectangular wave provided from the step-up transformer. When the detected number is less than a predetermined value, the operation of the ballast circuit is controlled to be stopped. | 03-12-2009 |
20120007131 | SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE AND LIGHT SOURCE DEVICE USING THE SAME - A semiconductor light-emitting device according to the present invention is a semiconductor light-emitting device | 01-12-2012 |
20130271001 | LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE DRIVER CIRCUIT AND LED LIGHT SOURCE - A light-emitting diode driver circuit and an LED light source which are capable of reliably turning OFF an LED even when an input voltage having a value smaller than a predetermined value is supplied. A light-emitting diode driver circuit for turning ON an LED includes: an inverter which outputs electric power for driving the LED; and an inverter control circuit which controls an operation of the inverter, and when a DC voltage applied to the inverter control circuit has a value smaller than the predetermined value, the inverter control circuit stops the operation of the inverter. | 10-17-2013 |
20150137165 | LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE - A light-emitting device includes a mounting board, a light-emitting element mounted on a main face of the mounting board, and a sealing member covering the light-emitting element. The sealing member includes a first sealing layer covering a part of the main face of the mounting board and the light-emitting element, and a second sealing layer covering the first sealing layer. The first sealing layer includes particles containing at least one material selected from a group consisting of cerium oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, and carbon, and silicone resin. The second sealing layer includes phosphor particles for converting a part of light emitted from light-emitting element into a long wavelength light and radiating it, and silicone resin. | 05-21-2015 |
20150204493 | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE, LIGHT SOURCE FOR ILLUMINATION, AND ILLUMINATION APPARATUS - A light emitting device that emits white light includes first and second light emitting elements which have different emission peak wavelengths within a range of 440 nm to 495 nm. The device also includes a wavelength conversion material which converts a wavelength of light emitted by at least one of the first and second light emitting elements. The white light has an emission spectrum peaked at a first peak wavelength and a second peak wavelength. The first peak wavelength corresponds to the emission peak wavelength of the first light emitting element, and the second peak wavelength corresponds to the emission peak wavelength of the second light emitting element. Where a light intensity at one of the first peak wavelength and the second peak wavelength is 1, a light intensity at a bottom of a valley between the first and second peak wavelengths is 0.5 or higher but lower than 1.0. | 07-23-2015 |
20160081142 | LIGHT EMITTING APPARATUS AND LIGHTING APPARATUS - Light emitting apparatus including: substrate; LED chips on substrate; first sealing layer sealing LED chips; second sealing layer above first sealing layer; and phosphor layer containing yellow phosphor, disposed between first sealing layer and second sealing layer, wherein phosphor layer contains the yellow phosphor in higher density than first sealing layer and second sealing layer. | 03-17-2016 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20150180204 | VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER AND ATOMIC OSCILLATOR - A vertical cavity surface emitting laser includes: a substrate; a laminated body which is provided over the substrate; an electrode of which at least a portion is provided over the laminated body; and a pad which is connected to the electrode, wherein the laminated body includes a first mirror layer provided over the substrate, an active layer provided over the first mirror layer, and a second mirror layer provided over the active layer, in a plan view, the laminated body includes a first distortion imparting portion, a second distortion imparting portion, and a resonance portion which is provided between the first distortion imparting portion and the second distortion imparting portion and resonates light generated in the active layer, and in the plan view, the pad is provided in a position that is not overlapped with at least one of the first distortion imparting portion and the second distortion imparting portion. | 06-25-2015 |
20150180205 | VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER AND ATOMIC OSCILLATOR - A vertical cavity surface emitting laser includes: a substrate; a first mirror layer; an active layer; a second mirror layer; a current constriction layer; a first area connected to the first mirror layer and including a plurality of oxide layers; and a second area connected to the second mirror layer and including a plurality of oxide layers. The first mirror layer, the active layer, the second mirror layer, the current constriction layer, the first area, and the second area configure a laminated body. The laminated body includes a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion between the first portion and the second portion. When a width of the oxide area is W | 06-25-2015 |
20150180207 | VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER AND ATOMIC OSCILLATOR - A vertical cavity surface emitting laser includes: a substrate; a laminated body which is provided over the substrate; and a resin layer which is provided on at least a side surface of the laminated body, wherein the laminated body at least includes a first mirror layer provided over the substrate, an active layer provided over the first mirror layer, and a second mirror layer provided over the active layer, in a plan view, a length of the laminated body in a first direction is greater than a length of the laminated body in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and in the plan view, a length of the resin layer in the first direction is greater than a length of the resin layer in the second direction. | 06-25-2015 |
20150180208 | VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER AND ATOMIC OSCILLATOR - A vertical cavity surface emitting laser includes: a substrate; and a laminated body which is provided over the substrate, wherein the laminated body includes a first mirror layer provided over the substrate, an active layer provided over the first mirror layer, and a second mirror layer provided over the active layer, in a plan view, the laminated body includes a first portion having a first width, a second portion having a second width, and a third portion which is provided between the first portion and the second portion and has a third width wider than the first width or the second width, and a resin layer which covers at least one portion of the first portion is provided. | 06-25-2015 |
20150180209 | VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER AND ATOMIC OSCILLATOR - A vertical cavity surface emitting laser includes: a substrate; a first mirror layer which is provided over the substrate; an active layer which is provided over the first mirror layer; a second mirror layer which is provided over the active layer; a first electrode and a second electrode which are electrically connected to the first mirror layer and are separated from each other; and a third electrode which is electrically connected to the second mirror layer, wherein the first mirror layer, the active layer, and the second mirror layer configure a laminated body, the laminated body includes a resonance portion which resonates light generated in the active layer, in a plan view, an insulation layer surrounding the laminated body is provided, and in the plan view, the insulation layer is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. | 06-25-2015 |
20150180213 | VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER AND ATOMIC OSCILLATOR - A vertical cavity surface emitting laser includes: a laminated body; an insulation layer which is provided over at least a portion of the laminated body; an electrode of which at least a portion is provided over the laminated body; a pad; and a wiring which connects the electrode and the pad, wherein the laminated body includes a first mirror layer, an active layer, and a second mirror layer, the laminated body includes a first distortion imparting portion, a second distortion imparting portion, and a resonance portion which is provided between the first distortion imparting portion and the second distortion imparting portion, in a plan view, the electrode is provided so as to cover at least a portion of the resonance portion, in the plan view, a width of the wiring is greater than a width of the first distortion imparting portion and is smaller than a width of the electrode. | 06-25-2015 |