Patent application number | Description | Published |
20130283878 | ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN RAPIDLY VAPORIZING FOILS, WIRES AND STRIPS USED FOR COLLISION WELDING AND SHEET METAL FORMING - A method for forming a piece of a sheet metal is performed by positioning a consumable body, made of metal, proximate to the piece of the sheet metal. The consumable body is rapidly vaporized, and the gas pressure generated thereby is directed into the piece of the sheet metal. This results in acceleration of the piece of sheet metal, and it is collided into a stationary body at a velocity, generally in excess of 200 m/s. Depending upon the type of stationary body, the piece of sheet metal is deformed into a predetermined shape or is welded onto the stationary body. The vaporization is accomplished by passing a high current of electricity into the consumable body. The effect of the vaporized metal may be augmented by additional components in the consumable body. | 10-31-2013 |
20150336153 | ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN RAPIDLY VAPORIZING FOILS, WIRES AND STRIPS USED FOR COLLISION WELDING AND SHEET METAL FORMING - A method for forming a piece of a sheet metal is performed by positioning a consumable body, made of metal, proximate to the piece of the sheet metal. The consumable body is rapidly vaporized, and the gas pressure generated thereby is directed into the piece of the sheet metal. This results in acceleration of the piece of sheet metal, and it is collided into a stationary body at a velocity, generally in excess of 200 m/s. Depending upon the type of stationary body, the piece of sheet metal is deformed into a predetermined shape or is welded onto the stationary body. The vaporization is accomplished by passing a high current of electricity into the consumable body. The effect of the vaporized metal may be augmented by additional components in the consumable body. | 11-26-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110290754 | IMPACT RESISTANT CLOSURE - A closure including a top panel and a transition section extending from a peripheral edge of the top panel is provided. The closure includes a skirt extending from a peripheral edge of the transition section such that the skirt extends away from the top panel. The skirt includes a plurality of projections extending outwardly and away from an outer surface of the transition section. | 12-01-2011 |
20110290755 | CLOSURE WITH IMPACT RESISTANT RIBS - A closure that includes a top panel and a transition section extending downwardly from a peripheral edge of the top panel is provided. The closure includes a skirt extending from a peripheral edge of the transition section such that the skirt extends away from the top panel and a plurality of raised ribs. Each of the plurality of raised ribs includes a first portion extending outwardly from an outer surface of the skirt and extending axially along at least a portion of the skirt and a second portion positioned above the first portion and extending outwardly from an outer surface of the transition section. | 12-01-2011 |
20120261420 | IMPACT RESISTANT CLOSURE - A closure including a top panel and a transition section extending from a peripheral edge of the top panel is provided. The closure includes a skirt extending from a peripheral edge of the transition section such that the skirt extends away from the top panel. The skirt includes a plurality of projections extending outwardly and away from an outer surface of the transition section. | 10-18-2012 |
20140260100 | FLUID INJECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SUPPORTING CONTAINER WALLS - A system and method for injecting pressurizing fluid into a filled and sealed container is provided. The container is filled with a product and is then sealed with a closure. A pressurizing fluid is injected through the closure into the container cavity after sealing and filling. | 09-18-2014 |
20140263155 | METAL CLOSURE AND SEAL COMBINATION FOR MAINTAINING THE SHAPE OF A PLASTIC CONTAINER NECK - A closure that includes a top panel and a skirt extending downwardly from a peripheral edge of the top panel is provided. The skirt terminates in a plurality of spaced thread engagement flanges for engaging the thread of the neck of a container. The closure includes a polymer-filled channel which connects the top panel to the skirt. When engaged with the threaded neck of a container, the neck is forced into the channel and engaged by the polymer so that the channel and polymer provide lateral rigidity to the neck. This rigidity prevents the neck from deflecting from the forces resulting between the threads and thread engagement lugs when the forces therebetween are increased to the level required to adequately seal the closure to the container. | 09-18-2014 |
20140263335 | INTERNAL, MULTI-SEAL PLASTIC CLOSURE - A closure that includes a top panel and a skirt extending downwardly from a peripheral edge of the top panel is provided. The closure includes a tamper band which extends downwardly from the skirt and a multi-seal, seal portion which is located inside of the closure above the threads where the top panel is joined to the skirt. The tamper band and seal portion are configured to improve the removability of the closure from a mold. | 09-18-2014 |
20150041474 | METAL CLOSURE AND SEAL COMBINATION FOR MAINTAINING THE SHAPE OF A PLASTIC CONTAINER NECK - A closure that includes a top panel and a skirt extending downwardly from a peripheral edge of the top panel is provided. The skirt terminates in a plurality of spaced thread engagement flanges for engaging the thread of the neck of a container. The closure includes a polymer-filled channel which connects the top panel to the skirt. When engaged with the threaded neck of a container, the neck is forced into the channel and engaged by the polymer so that the channel and polymer provide lateral rigidity to the neck. This rigidity prevents the neck from deflecting from the forces resulting between the threads and thread engagement lugs when the forces therebetween are increased to the level required to adequately seal the closure to the container. | 02-12-2015 |
20150121807 | FLUID INJECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SCAVENGING OXYGEN IN A CONTAINER - A method and system for injecting fluid into a sealed container that contains a consumable product is provided. The container is filled with a consumable product and then sealed with a closure. A fluid is injected through the closure into the container cavity after filling and sealing. The fluid increases the internal pressure of the container and scavenges oxygen in the container. | 05-07-2015 |
20150129533 | POUCH CLOSURE ASSEMBLY WITH TAMPER INDICATION - A container closure assembly includes a cap and a spout assembly. The cap includes an internal thread that is configured to engage with an external thread located on the spout assembly. The cap further includes an engagement prong assembly that is configured to engage with the cylindrical band located on the spout assembly. The cylindrical band is supported by a plurality of tabs such that the engagement prong assembly extends between the band and the external threads when the internal and external threads are engaged and the cap is rotated such that the interaction of the threads moves the cap toward the band, the engagement prong assembly engaging the band when the cap seals the open end of the hollow cylinder, and the engagement prong assembly breaks the tabs when the cap is rotated causing the cap to unseal the open end. | 05-14-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100241167 | SPINOUS PROCESS IMPLANTS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS - The present invention provides spinous process implant and associated methods. In one aspect of the invention the implant limits the maximum spacing between the spinous processes. In another aspect of the invention, a spacer has at least one transverse opening to facilitate tissue in-growth. In another aspect of the invention, an implant includes a spacer and separate extensions engageable with the spacer. In another aspect of the invention, instrumentation for inserting the implant is provided. In other aspects of the invention, methods for treating spine disease are provided. | 09-23-2010 |
20130103088 | Segmental Spinous Process Anchor System and Methods of Use - Segmental spinous process implant systems and methods of use are provided for coupling to one or more spinal processes of a cervical, thoracic, and/or lumbar spine. Embodiments of the segmental spinous process implant system include a support member coupled to one or more offset connector. The support member extends adjacent to vertebrae of a cervical, thoracic, and/or lumbar spine. The offset connector extends from the support member between adjacent spinous processes of the spine and supports a pair of spinous process connectors that secure the implant to a spinous process of a vertebra of the spine. | 04-25-2013 |
20130184754 | Telescoping Interspinous Fixation Device and Methods of Use - The present invention provides spinous process implants and associated methods. In one aspect of the invention, the implant includes at least one extension with a first part and a second part where at least one arm is coupled to each of the first part and the second part. The first part and the second part are movable from a compact to a distracted state. In another aspect, the present invention provides a second extension that is slidingly coupled to the first and second arms. The second extension further comprises a third part and a fourth part that move with the first and second part. | 07-18-2013 |
20140207198 | TOOLS FOR IMPLANTATION OF INTERSPINOUS IMPLANTS AND METHODS THEROF - The present disclosure provides a single insertion and compression instrument to facilitate the implantation of a spinous process implant, such as a spinous process fixation device, between and about adjacent spinous processes. The instrument has a first leg and a second leg, each with a handle and implant engaging portions. The implant engaging portions releasably couple to the spinous process implant and have compression pads to facilitate compression of fasteners on the plates into bone. | 07-24-2014 |
20140309695 | TELESCOPING INTERSPINOUS FIXATION DEVICE AND METHODS OF USE - The present invention provides spinous process implants and associated methods. In one aspect of the invention, the implant includes at least one extension with a first part and a second part where at least one arm is coupled to each of the first part and the second part. The first part and the second pan are movable from a compact to a distracted state. In another aspect, the present invention provides a second extension that is slidingly coupled to the first and second arms. The second extension further comprises a third part and a fourth part that move with the first and second part. | 10-16-2014 |
20150265413 | TELESCOPING INTERSPINOUS FIXATION DEVICE AND METHOD OF USE - The present invention provides spinous process implants and associated methods. In one aspect of the invention, the implant includes a first extension and a second extension. The first extension has a spacer extending from a medial facing side along a longitudinal axis. The second extension has an aperture that slidingly receives the spacer. Accordingly, the second extension is moveable relative to the spacer along the longitudinal axis. The second extension includes a threaded bore in communication with the aperture. A set screw is threadably received in the threaded bore of the second extension. The set screw can be tightened against an outer surface of the spacer to lock the second extension in place relative to the longitudinal axis. | 09-24-2015 |
20150305785 | INTERSPINOUS IMPLANTS WITH DEPLOYABLE WING - The present invention provides spinous process implants and associated methods. In one aspect of the invention, the implant includes at least one extension with a superior lobe pivotally connected to an inferior lobe, such as by a hinge, to allow unfolding of the at least one extension from a folded position to an unfolded position. In certain aspects, the folding extension may include fasteners to facilitate engagement with the spinous processes to provide both a flexion stop as well as an extension stop. The fasteners may have corresponding bores to allow the fasteners to reside in the bores to provide a compact profile for implantation. In another aspect of the invention, the implant is introduced to the surgical site using a lateral or paramedian approach and associated tools to facilitate the same. | 10-29-2015 |
20150313650 | INTERSPINOUS IMPLANTS WITH ADJUSTABLE HEIGHT SPACER - The present invention provides spinous process implants and associated methods. In one aspect of the invention, the implant includes at least one extension with a superior lobe pivotally connected to an inferior lobe, such as by a hinge, to allow unfolding of the at least one extension from a folded position to an unfolded position. In certain aspects, the folding extension may include fasteners to facilitate engagement with the spinous processes to provide both a flexion stop as well as an extension stop. The fasteners may have corresponding bores to allow the fasteners to reside in the bores to provide a compact profile for implantation. In another aspect of the invention, the implant is introduced to the surgical site using a lateral or paramedian approach and associated tools to facilitate the same. | 11-05-2015 |
20150359640 | INTERSPINOUS IMPLANTS - The present invention provides a spinous process implant and associated methods. In one aspect of the invention, the implant includes a spacer that is connectable to two extensions. One of the two extensions is connectable to the spacer at a first end and coupled to the spacer by a rotational connection. The other of the two extensions is movably connectable to the second end of the spacer and translatable over the outer surface of the spacer from the second end. | 12-17-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080243257 | Method and apparatus for performing an open wedge, low femoral osteotomy - Apparatus for performing an open wedge, low femoral osteotomy, the apparatus comprising an osteotomy guide, a hinge pin and an osteotomy implant, the osteotomy guide comprising: anterior and posterior tissue shields having (i) openings for receiving the hinge pin and defining the hinge pin axis, and (ii) profiles configured to enable fluoroscopic alignment of the hinge pin axis parallel to the sagittal plane of the patient, a cutting guide comprising a cutting slot for defining a cutting plane extending parallel to, and through, the hinge pin axis, and a drill guide comprising a hole for forming a guide hole in the femur which extends substantially perpendicular to the cutting plane, the hinge pin comprising an elongated body, and the osteotomy implant for positioning in a wedge-shaped opening formed about the cutting plane and for receiving a screw extending through the guide hole. | 10-02-2008 |
20090018543 | Method and apparatus for performing an open wedge, high tibial osteotomy - An osteotomy plate for maintaining the spacing of a wedge-like opening in bone, the osteotomy plate comprising: a body having a front side and a back side; a key extending out of the back side of the body for disposition in a keyhole formed in the bone along the wedge-like opening; and a plurality of mounting holes for receiving fixation screws therein, the mounting holes being formed in the body such that when the key is disposed in the keyhole, the mounting holes direct the fixation screws into bone on either side of the wedge-like opening. | 01-15-2009 |
20090054899 | Method and apparatus for performing an open wedge, high tibial osteotomy - Apparatus for performing an open wedge, high tibial osteotomy, the apparatus comprising a two-piece bearing implant comprising an upper bearing member and a lower bearing member, wherein the upper bearing member comprises a screw hole for securing the upper bearing member to an upper portion of bone, and the lower bearing member comprises a screw hole for securing the lower bearing member to a lower portion of bone, and further wherein the upper bearing member comprises an upper dovetail track and the lower bearing member comprises a lower dovetail track; and a wedge comprising an upper dovetail rail which is complementary to the upper dovetail track and a lower dovetail rail which is complementary to the lower dovetail track, in order that the wedge can be introduced between the upper and lower bearing members, so as to open a wedge-like opening between the upper and lower bearing members. | 02-26-2009 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090005757 | Catheter Apparatus and Methods for Treating Vasculatures - A catheter apparatus may have a flexible shaft, guidewire lumens passing through the shaft, and a positioning device for positioning the guidewires relative to an external lumen. The positioning device may be an expansible scaffold covered with a retractable sheath. The positioning device may also be one or more balloons that are inflated through an inflation port in the shaft. The catheter apparatus may be operated by inserting a guide catheter into a vasculature with a chronic total occlusion, inserting the catheter apparatus into the guide catheter, and advancing the guidewires through the guidewire lumens and into contact with a chronic total occlusion. The positioning device may be activated before and/or between attempts to pass the guidewires through the chronic total occlusion to interrogate various parts of the chronic total occlusion. | 01-01-2009 |
20110251591 | CATHETER APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR TREATING VASCULATURES - A catheter apparatus may have a flexible shaft, guidewire lumens passing through the shaft, and a positioning device for positioning the guidewires relative to an external lumen. The positioning device may be an expansible scaffold covered with a retractable sheath. The positioning device may also be one or more balloons that are inflated through an inflation port in the shaft. The catheter apparatus may be operated by inserting a guide catheter into a vasculature with a chronic total occlusion, inserting the catheter apparatus into the guide catheter, and advancing the guidewires through the guidewire lumens and into contact with a chronic total occlusion. The positioning device may be activated before and/or between attempts to pass the guidewires through the chronic total occlusion to interrogate various parts of the chronic total occlusion. | 10-13-2011 |
20130253474 | CATHETER APPARATUS WITH TELESCOPING LUMEN CATHETERS AND ITS USE IN METHODS FOR TREATING VASCULATURES - The invention provides for methods and catheter apparatus for passing one or more guidewires (via the use of one or more telescoping guidewire lumens) through a chronic total occlusion of a vasculature. The catheter apparatus may include: a catheter shaft having a distal end; one or more telescoping guidewire lumen catheters passing longitudinally through the shaft, wherein the one or more guidewire lumen catheters are capable of telescoping beyond the distal end of the catheter shaft; an expansible distal portion of the shaft; and a retractable sheath covering at least a portion of the expansible distal portion of the shaft, wherein retracting the retractable sheath from the expansible distal portion of the shaft directly activates the expansible distal portion of the shaft causing expansion of the expansible distal portion of the shaft. | 09-26-2013 |
20140207179 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PLACING A CATHETER WITHIN A VASCULATURE - A catheter for insertion into vasculature of a patient to a target area in the vasculature includes a hollow inner shaft, a non-occluding self-expandable scaffold coupled to the distal end of the inner shaft and disposed at the distal end of the inner shaft, and a hollow outer shaft. The outer shaft is slidable over the inner shaft and scaffold such that the scaffold is in a non-expanded state when the outer shaft is around the scaffold. The outer shaft has a state where the distal end of the outer shaft remains near the target area without the inner shaft and the scaffold being within the outer shaft. The inner shaft and the scaffold are removable through the proximal end of the outer shaft while the distal end of the outer shaft remains near the target area. | 07-24-2014 |
20140249511 | CATHETER APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR TREATING VASCULATURES - A catheter apparatus may have a flexible shaft, guidewire lumens passing through the shaft, and a positioning device for positioning the guidewires relative to an external lumen. The positioning device may be an expansible scaffold covered with a retractable sheath. The positioning device may also be one or more balloons that are inflated through an inflation port in the shaft. The catheter apparatus may be operated by inserting a guide catheter into a vasculature with a chronic total occlusion, inserting the catheter apparatus into the guide catheter, and advancing the guidewires through the guidewire lumens and into contact with a chronic total occlusion. The positioning device may be activated before and/or between attempts to pass the guidewires through the chronic total occlusion to interrogate various parts of the chronic total occlusion. | 09-04-2014 |
20140277008 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CENTERING A MICROCATHETER WITHIN A VASCULATURE - The invention is directed to methods and apparatus for centering a microcatheter within a vasculature. In one aspect, the methods and apparatus can be used to support centering and to facilitate a guidewire to cross through a chronic total occlusion. In one embodiment, the catheter apparatus includes: a microcatheter having a lumen, a distal opening and a distal end; one or more guidewires for passing through the lumen of the microcatheter; an inner shaft having a lumen, a distal opening and a distal end for passing the inner shaft over the microcatheter; an outer shaft having a lumen, a distal opening and a distal end for passing the outer shaft over the inner shaft; and a self-expandable scaffold structure disposed towards the distal end of the inner shaft. The self-expandable scaffold structure is preferably non-occluding thereby allowing blood to flow through the scaffold. Preferably, the inner shaft and microcatheter are capable of being independently operable. | 09-18-2014 |
20150126967 | CATHETER APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR TREATING VASCULATURES - A catheter apparatus may have a flexible shaft, guidewire lumens passing through the shaft, and a positioning device for positioning the guidewires relative to an external lumen. The positioning device may be an expansible scaffold covered with a retractable sheath. The positioning device may also be one or more balloons that are inflated through an inflation port in the shaft. The catheter apparatus may be operated by inserting a guide catheter into a vasculature with a chronic total occlusion, inserting the catheter apparatus into the guide catheter, and advancing the guidewires through the guidewire lumens and into contact with a chronic total occlusion. The positioning device may be activated before and/or between attempts to pass the guidewires through the chronic total occlusion to interrogate various parts of the chronic total occlusion. | 05-07-2015 |
20150328433 | CATHETER APPARATUS WITH TELESCOPING LUMEN CATHETERS AND ITS USE IN METHODS FOR TREATING VASCULATURES - The invention provides for methods and catheter apparatus for passing one or more guidewires (via the use of one or more telescoping guidewire lumens) through a chronic total occlusion of a vasculature. The catheter apparatus may include: a catheter shaft having a distal end; one or more telescoping guidewire lumen catheters passing longitudinally through the shaft, wherein the one or more guidewire lumen catheters are capable of telescoping beyond the distal end of the catheter shaft; an expansible distal portion of the shaft; and a retractable sheath covering at least a portion of the expansible distal portion of the shaft, wherein retracting the retractable sheath from the expansible distal portion of the shaft directly activates the expansible distal portion of the shaft causing expansion of the expansible distal portion of the shaft. | 11-19-2015 |
20150335345 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PLACING A CATHETER WITHIN A VASCULATURE - A catheter for insertion into vasculature of a patient to a target area in the vasculature includes a hollow inner shaft, a non-occluding self-expandable scaffold coupled to the distal end of the inner shaft and disposed at the distal end of the inner shaft, and a hollow outer shaft. The outer shaft is slidable over the inner shaft and scaffold such that the scaffold is in a non-expanded state when the outer shaft is around the scaffold. The outer shaft has a state where the distal end of the outer shaft remains near the target area without the inner shaft and the scaffold being within the outer shaft. The inner shaft and the scaffold are removable through the proximal end of the outer shaft while the distal end of the outer shaft remains near the target area. | 11-26-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090289729 | MODE SELECTIVE COUPLER FOR WHISPERING-GALLERY DIELECTRIC RESONATOR - A whispering gallery mode dielectric resonator includes a conductive enclosure comprising a top, a bottom and walls. The resonator also includes a dielectric element disposed in the enclosure and operative to support a desired resonant mode that is dependent on a shape and dimensions of the dielectric resonator; and a mode selective coupling structure disposed over the enclosure and configured to selectively couple electromagnetic energy of the desired mode and configured not to substantially couple electromagnetic energy of a spurious mode supported in a region between the enclosure and the dielectric element. | 11-26-2009 |
20100148151 | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES WITH IMPROVED LIGHT EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY - A device includes a light emitting structure and a wavelength conversion member comprising a semiconductor. The light emitting structure is bonded to the wavelength conversion member. In some embodiments, the light emitting structure is bonded to the wavelength conversion member with an inorganic bonding material. In some embodiments, the light emitting structure is bonded to the wavelength conversion member with a bonding material having an index of refraction greater than 1.5. | 06-17-2010 |
20110109226 | MICROPLASMA DEVICE WITH CAVITY FOR VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION OF GASES AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME - An illumination device provides light to a flowing gaseous sample. The device includes a structure including a cavity configured to have a microplasma disposed therein. The cavity substantially encircles a cross-section of a channel that is configured to pass the flowing gaseous sample therethrough. The cavity is defined in part by an interior wall of the structure separating the cavity from the channel. The interior wall includes at least one orifice passing therethrough configured to provide to the flowing gaseous sample light generated by the microplasma. At least one electrode is configured to supply energy to the microplasma within the cavity. | 05-12-2011 |
20120021543 | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES WITH IMPROVED LIGHT EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY - Light emitting devices with improved light extraction efficiency are provided. The light emitting devices have a stack of layers including semiconductor layers comprising an active region. The stack is bonded to a transparent lens having a refractive index for light emitted by the active region preferably greater than about 1.5, more preferably greater than about 1.8. A method of bonding a transparent lens to a light emitting device having a stack of layers including semiconductor layers comprising an active region includes elevating a temperature of the lens and the stack and applying a pressure to press the lens and the stack together. Bonding a high refractive index lens to a light emitting device improves the light extraction efficiency of the light emitting device by reducing loss due to total internal reflection. Advantageously, this improvement can be achieved without the use of an encapsulant. | 01-26-2012 |
20130258343 | METHOD AND APPARATUS TO IMPROVE SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO OF FT-IR SPECTROMETERS USING PULSED LIGHT SOURCE - An optical spectroscopy method and apparatus increases signal to noise ratio of detected signals. Sample light passed through a sample includes attenuated light pulses and characteristic light located between the attenuated light pulses, the characteristic light formed by interaction between light pulses incident the sample and sample molecules. The attenuated light pulses are substantially removed from the sample light emerging from the sample prior to detection, to increase signal to noise ratio of the detected signal. | 10-03-2013 |
20140191265 | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES WITH IMPROVED LIGHT EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY - Light emitting devices with improved light extraction efficiency are provided. The light emitting devices have a stack of layers including semiconductor layers comprising an active region. The stack is bonded to a transparent optical element. | 07-10-2014 |
20150062586 | SYSTEM FOR PERFORMING OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY INCLUDING INTERFEROMETER - A system for performing optical spectroscopy measurements includes a light source for generating an input optical beam and an interferometer. The interferometer includes a beam splitter that splits the input optical beam into first and second light beams; a first light path that directs the first light beam through a sample containing an analyte to a first output port; and a second light path that directs the second light beam to the first output port. At least one of the first and second light paths adjusts a relative phase of a corresponding one of the first and second light beams, so that the first and second light beams are out of phase at the first output port, substantially canceling background light and outputting sample light corresponding to a portion of the first light signal absorbed by the sample in the sample cell. A detection system detects the output sample light. | 03-05-2015 |
20150198482 | METHOD AND APPARATUS TO IMPROVE SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO OF FT-IR SPECTROMETERS USING PULSED LIGHT SOURCE - An optical spectroscopy method and apparatus increases signal to noise ratio of detected signals. Sample light passed through a sample includes attenuated light pulses and characteristic light located between the attenuated light pulses, the characteristic light formed by interaction between light pulses incident the sample and sample molecules. The attenuated light pulses are substantially removed from the sample light emerging from the sample prior to detection, to increase signal to noise ratio of the detected signal. | 07-16-2015 |