Shanmugam
Akalya Shanmugam, Bangalore IN
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20130209648 | WHEAT FLOUR COMPOSITION - The present invention relates to a wheat flour composition, a dough composition comprising the flour composition and food products comprising the wheat flour composition. It particularly relates to wheat flour composition suitable to prepare flat breads (including Indian style bread known as chapatti), noodles and pasta. The problem of the addition of gum at higher levels, although helpful in improving colour and rheological properties of dough, suffer from a beany odour experienced during preparation of the dough and during consumption of the flat bread. The same problems have been found in noodles where gum has been added to improve rheology, such as fried noodles and pasta. Surprisingly it has been found that a wheat flour composition comprising chick pea flour and guar gum, is easily processed into a dough that is soft and can easily be processed into flat breads, noodles or pasta, and the baked product (flat bread, chapatti, noodle or pasta) that is also soft and yet has acceptable sensory properties. | 08-15-2013 |
Dhandapani Shanmugam, Bangalore IN
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20100083099 | XML Streaming Parsing with DOM Instances - An apparatus, method, and program product are provided for parsing a document. A match point tuple is passed to a parser instance. The match point tuple comprises a match point. The parser instance stream parses an XML stream. In response to a match point statement in the XML stream matching the match point expression in the match point tuple, the parser instance constructs a DOM instance comprising XML content matching the match point. In a sample embodiment, the match point tuple further comprises a filter, and the parser instance adds XML statements that pass the filter to the DOM instance and discards statements that do not pass the filter. | 04-01-2010 |
20100293537 | System and Method for Enabling Parallel Websphere Runtime Versions - A computer implemented method, a tangible storage medium, and a data processing system build a runtime environment of a system. A profile manager receives a service request containing a profile identifier. The profile identifier specifies a required version of at least one software component. The profile manager identifies a complete installation of the software component, and at least one delta file. The profile manager dynamically constructs a classpath for the required version by preferentially utilizing files from the at least one delta file followed by files from the complete installation. The runtime environment is then built utilizing the classpath. | 11-18-2010 |
20120115493 | SYSTEM, METHOD AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR SUPPORTING MULTIPLE SUBSCRIBER IDENTITIES IN A PORTABLE DEVICE USING A SINGLE TRANSCEIVER - According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method and technique for enabling wireless communications for multiple numbers or subscriber identities using a single transceiver is disclosed. The method includes, for a terminal device including a transceiver for wireless communications, determining whether the terminal device supports a plurality of subscriber identities. The method also includes, responsive to determining that the terminal device supports a plurality of subscriber identities, creating a plurality of recurrent time slots for a communication channel of the terminal device, allocating for each subscriber identity a respective time slot, and enabling wireless communications for the plurality of subscriber identities using the respective time slots via the transceiver. | 05-10-2012 |
20120196610 | SUPPORTING MULTIPLE SUBSCRIBER IDENTITIES IN A PORTABLE DEVICE USING A SINGLE TRANSCEIVER - According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method and technique for enabling wireless communications for multiple numbers or subscriber identities using a single transceiver is disclosed. The method includes, for a terminal device including a transceiver for wireless communications, determining whether the terminal device supports a plurality of subscriber identities. The method also includes, responsive to determining that the terminal device supports a plurality of subscriber identities, creating a plurality of recurrent time slots for a communication channel of the terminal device, allocating for each subscriber identity a respective time slot, and enabling wireless communications for the plurality of subscriber identities using the respective time slots via the transceiver. | 08-02-2012 |
20120198433 | ENABLING PARALLEL WEBSPHERE RUNTIME VERSIONS - A computer implemented method, a tangible storage medium, and a data processing system build a runtime environment of a system. A profile manager receives a service request containing a profile identifier. The profile identifier specifies a required version of at least one software component. The profile manager identifies a complete installation of the software component, and at least one delta file. The profile manager dynamically constructs a classpath for the required version by preferentially utilizing files from the at least one delta file followed by files from the complete installation. The runtime environment is then built utilizing the classpath. | 08-02-2012 |
20130181913 | PROVIDING A SENSE OF TOUCH IN A MOBILE DEVICE USING VIBRATION - Controlling haptic feedback in a mobile communication device is provided. Metadata associated with a set of objects within requested content is parsed to identify each object within the requested content having an associated frequency pattern included in the metadata. The requested content is displayed in a display device. A touch input is received on the display device at a location of an identified object that has an associated frequency pattern within the requested content. A frequency and a duration of a vibration generated by a variable frequency vibration device simulating a tactile texture of the identified object touched within the requested content is controlled using the associated frequency pattern of the identified object. | 07-18-2013 |
20130325568 | SYNCHRONIZATION OF HOME SHOPPING CARTS WITH ADVERTISEMENTS - Advertisement content is received at a processor that manages inventory of a smart home appliance from an advertising distribution device within a home network. A determination is made to add an advertised item of the advertisement content to a spoke shopping cart based upon commodity data of the managed inventory of the smart home appliance. The advertised item is added to the spoke shopping cart. | 12-05-2013 |
20140019243 | Matching Audio Advertisements to Items on a Shopping List in a Mobile Device - Methods and apparatus are provided for matching audio advertisements to items on a shopping list in a mobile device. Audio advertisements are matched to items on a shopping list by obtaining the shopping list from a mobile device of the user; applying a speech recognizer to at least one audio advertisement detected on a microphone of the mobile device; identifying one or more key words in the at least one audio advertisement; comparing the one or more identified key words to one or more items on the shopping list stored on the mobile device; and storing the information related to the at least one advertisement if the one or more identified key words match the one or more items. | 01-16-2014 |
20140167938 | HAPTIC ACCESSORY AND METHODS FOR USING SAME - A method for providing tactile feedback comprises displaying a visual representation of a physical object having at least one haptic property, generating time-varying data associated with the at least one haptic property from the visual representation, sending the time-varying data to a computing device including a feedback apparatus electrically connected to the computing device, and generating the tactile feedback via the feedback apparatus in response to a pressure on the feedback apparatus applied by a user. | 06-19-2014 |
20140167939 | HAPTIC ACCESSORY AND METHODS FOR USING SAME - A method for providing tactile feedback comprises displaying a visual representation of a physical object having at least one haptic property, generating time-varying data associated with the at least one haptic property from the visual representation, sending the time-varying data to a computing device including a feedback apparatus electrically connected to the computing device, and generating the tactile feedback via the feedback apparatus in response to a pressure on the feedback apparatus applied by a user. | 06-19-2014 |
20140168111 | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF DYNAMICALLY GENERATING A FREQUENCY PATTERN TO REALIZE THE SENSE OF TOUCH IN A COMPUTING DEVICE - Systems and methods for providing tactile feedback. A method for providing tactile feedback, comprises extracting a plurality of features from a visual representation of a physical object, wherein the extracting is performed using at least one image processing technique, generating a variable frequency pattern corresponding to the extracted features, sending the variable frequency pattern to a computing device, and generating the tactile feedback via the computing device in response to a stimulation applied by a user, wherein the tactile feedback is based on the variable frequency pattern. | 06-19-2014 |
20140168114 | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF DYNAMICALLY GENERATING A FREQUENCY PATTERN TO REALIZE THE SENSE OF TOUCH IN A COMPUTING DEVICE - Systems and methods for providing tactile feedback. A method for providing tactile feedback, comprises extracting a plurality of features from a visual representation of a physical object, wherein the extracting is performed using at least one image processing technique, generating a variable frequency pattern corresponding to the extracted features, sending the variable frequency pattern to a computing device, and generating the tactile feedback via the computing device in response to a stimulation applied by a user, wherein the tactile feedback is based on the variable frequency pattern. | 06-19-2014 |
20140201025 | PERSONALIZED CUSTOMER SHOPPING EXPERIENCE - A system and method that improves and enhances the customer's in-store shopping experience. The consumer product of purchase interest or intent to buy expresses (or self-announces via technology) it's match (or fit based on known or understood buying habits, customer taste, tendencies, etc) against the customer preferences during an in-store shopping experience. | 07-17-2014 |
20140201026 | PERSONALIZED CUSTOMER SHOPPING EXPERIENCE - A method that improves and enhances the customer's in-store shopping experience. The consumer product of purchase interest or intent to buy expresses (or self-announces via technology) it's match (or fit based on known or understood buying habits, customer taste, tendencies, etc) against the customer preferences during an in-store shopping experience. | 07-17-2014 |
20150026002 | SMART HOME ENVIRONMENT FOR SHOPPING - A smart home environment shopping system. One or more inventory needs lists are received from one or more respective smart appliances. Sources for available inventory items on the received inventory needs lists are identified, based on pre-defined rules. In another aspect of the invention, the available items are displayed to a user, and one or more inputs indicating inventory items to purchase are received. In a further aspect, associated metadata for one or more of the available items is displayed, the metadata including one or more of: price, discounts, quality, brand, flavor, user reviews, and advertisements. In a further aspect, one or more optimal travel routes connecting all identified sources of the available inventory items on the received inventory needs lists are determined. | 01-22-2015 |
20150026007 | SMART HOME ENVIRONMENT FOR SHOPPING - A smart home environment shopping system. One or more inventory needs lists are received from one or more respective smart appliances. Sources for available inventory items on the received inventory needs lists are identified, based on pre-defined rules. In another aspect of the invention, the available items are displayed to a user, and one or more inputs indicating inventory items to purchase are received. In a further aspect, associated metadata for one or more of the available items is displayed, the metadata including one or more of: price, discounts, quality, brand, flavor, user reviews, and advertisements. In a further aspect, one or more optimal travel routes connecting all identified sources of the available inventory items on the received inventory needs lists are determined. | 01-22-2015 |
20150254234 | REAL-TIME JARGON TRANSLATION IN A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A computer retrieves profile information of a participant of a multi-party communication. The computer identifies an original jargon included in the multi-party communication based, at least in part, on the profile information. The computer generates a translated jargon by translating the original translated jargon, wherein the translated jargon can be understood by the participant of the multi-party communication. The computer sends the translated jargon to the participant of the multi-party communication. | 09-10-2015 |
Divya Shanmugam, Tamil Nada IN
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20150312853 | ECO-FRIENDLY POWER OVER ETHERNET - The present disclosure discloses a method and network device for providing an eco-friendly PoE mechanism in a WLAN. Specifically, a network device determines that an access point (AP) is connected to two or more network devices that include functionality to power the first AP, selects a first network device and causes the first network device to power the AP instead of the second network device, which is currently powering the AP. Moreover, the network device disables power supply on a first port of the second network device that is connected to the AP, causing the first network device to supply power to the AP via a second port of the first network device that is connected to the AP. Subsequent to the first network device supplying power to the AP via the second port, the network device enables the power supply on the first port of the second network device. | 10-29-2015 |
Elango Shanmugam, Singapore SG
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20080305036 | Crystalline Oxide Material And Its Synthesis - Zeolites may be natural or synthetic and are inorganic crystalline aluminosilicates, with a highly regular structure of pores and channels rendering them suitable for molecular sieving, adsorption, ion exchange, dehydration, and rehydration processes for example. They generally have a definite crystalline structure as evidenced by x-ray diffraction. The present invention relates to the area of zeolites and its method of production. More particularly but not exclusively it relates to a novel zeolite ICS-3 in its “as synthesized” and its calcined forms and the method of producing both these forms. | 12-11-2008 |
Kandasamy Shanmugam, Bangalore IN
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20150212934 | SYSTEM AND METHOD TO CONVERT LOCK-FREE ALGORITHMS TO WAIT-FREE USING A HARDWARE ACCELERATOR - A method to convert lock-free algorithm to wait-free using a hardware accelerator includes (i) executing a plurality of software threads by a plurality of processing units associated, the plurality of software threads is associated with at least one operation, (ii) generating at least one of a read request or a write request at the hardware accelerator based on the execution, (iii) generating at least one operation includes PARAM and read request or the write request at the hardware accelerator, (iv) checking, an operation specific condition of at least one software thread of the plurality of software threads, and (v) updating, at least one read value or write value and at least one state variable upon the operation specific condition being an operation success. The operation specific condition includes an operation success or an operation failure based on the PARAM, the read request, or the write request. | 07-30-2015 |
Karthik Vikram Siva Shanmugam, Burnaby CA
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20150070743 | SWITCHING MATERIALS, AND COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME - A switching material comprising one or more than one polymers and an electrolyte comprising a salt and a solvent portion comprising one or more solvents; and one or more compounds having electrochromic and photochromic properties dispersed homogeneously through the switching material; and wherein the switching material is transitionable from a light state to a dark state on exposure to UV light and from a dark state to a light state with application of an electric voltage. | 03-12-2015 |
Mahadevan Shanmugam, Bangalore IN
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20150233992 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ANALYZING ARRANGEMENT OF VEHICLE AND BUILDING WIRE HARNESSES FOR EMI - A system and method for analyzing arrangement of vehicle and building wire harnesses for electromagnetic interference (EMI) are disclosed. In one embodiment, at least design data of a first wire harness and a second wire harness and associated electrical structure of the vehicle or building are received. Further, a plurality of cutting planes are applied to intersect at least the first wire harness and the second wire harness and the associated electrical structure based on the design data. Furthermore, a respective set of cutting points are identified for each of the plurality of cutting planes. The respective set of cutting points includes locations where a respective cutting plane intersects at least the first wire harness and the second wire harness and the associated electrical structure. In addition, a segregation distance is measured between each respective set of cutting points. | 08-20-2015 |
Mohan Kumar Shanmugam, Chennai IN
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20130006429 | PROCESS OPTIMIZATION METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR A POWER PLANT - A method and system are disclosed for optimizing load scheduling for a power plant having one or more power generator units. An exemplary method and corresponding system can involve detecting an event indicative of a need for adapting one or more constraints for an objective function used in load scheduling. On such detection, the objective function is analysed to determine adaptive constraint values for the one or more constraints for optimally solving the objective function. These adaptive constraint values can be used to solve the objective function and the solution of the objective function with the one or more adapted constraint values can be used to operate the one or more power generation units of the power plant. | 01-03-2013 |
20130006439 | METHOD AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SCHEDULING LOAD OF A POWER PLANT - A method and control system are disclosed for optimizing load scheduling for a power plant having one or more generation units. The method can include analyzing the operating state of one or more components of generation units in terms of one or more risk indices associated with one or more components of generation units; updating an objective function that reflects the state of one or more components of generation units; solving the objective function to optimize a schedule of the one or more generation units and operating state of one or more components of generation units; and operating the one or more generation units at optimized schedule and operating state. | 01-03-2013 |
Murugaraj Shanmugam, Bonn DE
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20100088506 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING A REL TOKEN - The embodiments relate to a method for providing at least one REL (Rights Expression Language) token, the REL-token or tokens being provided in a message by a MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension) protocol. | 04-08-2010 |
20110083169 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE PROVISION OF SERVICES FOR TERMINAL DEVICES - Services are provided for terminal devices, each having a TPM module. The TPM module of a terminal device transmits a service request with an ID assertion signed by a configurable credential to a server for the purpose of accessing the services of the server. | 04-07-2011 |
Nagendiran Shanmugam, Bangalore IN
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20130040207 | SILOXANE COPOLYMER AND SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE COMPRISING SUCH SILOXANE COPOLYMERS - A copolymer suitable for use in forming a solid polymer electrolyte film comprising a first monomer represented by Formula (1): | 02-14-2013 |
Neducheralathan Shanmugam, Bangalore IN
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20090260023 | Multiplexing Reserved Ports - Included are embodiments for multiplexing reserved ports. At least one embodiment of a method includes receiving ( | 10-15-2009 |
20140136502 | File Lock Preservation - A method for preserving file locks is described herein. The method includes detecting a node migration event, occurring at a migrating node, in a cluster system ( | 05-15-2014 |
Palani Elangovan Shanmugam, Tokyo JP
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20160030933 | HYDROCARBON REFORMING/TRAPPING MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR REMOVING HYDROCARBON - To provide a hydrocarbon reforming/trapping material which is capable of adsorbing and reforming a hydrocarbon. A hydrocarbon reforming/trapping material of the present invention has an SiO | 02-04-2016 |
Parameswaran Shanmugam, Bangalore IN
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20090198391 | SYSTEM, METHOD AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE CODE FOR OBTAINING INFORMATION FOR ROUTING A POWERED SYSTEM AND ADJUSTING A ROUTE IN ACCORDANCE WITH RELEVANT INFORMATION - A method for controlling a powered system, the method including operating the powered system to perform a mission based on an optimized mission plan, identifying when the powered system is approaching a location in the mission where the powered system may change from a first route to a second route, obtaining information about whether the first route or the second route will be taken, and if the second route is taken, adjusting the mission plan to optimize reduced emissions output and/or reduced fuel consumption based on the route change. | 08-06-2009 |
Rajeev Rema Shanmugam, Chennai IN
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20100271769 | ELECTRONIC APPARATUS HAVING MOVABLE PARTS - An electronic apparatus includes a display panel connected to a body and able to occupy a first and second position with respect to the body, and an input panel connected to the body and able to occupy a first and second position with respect to the body. When the display panel and the input panel both occupy their respective first position, the input panel hides part of the display panel. When the display panel occupies its first position and the input panel occupies its second position, the display panel hides at least part of the input panel. When the display panel occupies its second position, the input panel is movable from its first position to its second position and/or movable from its second position to its first position. | 10-28-2010 |
20100277415 | MULTIMEDIA MODULE FOR A MOBILE COMMUNICATION DEVICE - A mobile communication device includes a touch screen device, and a multimedia module that moveably connects to the touch screen device. The multimedia module includes a first input or output mechanism provided at a first location of the multimedia module that is below the touch screen device. The first input or output mechanism is moveable from the first location to above a first end portion of the touch screen device. The multimedia module also includes a second input or output mechanism provided at a second location of the multimedia module that is below the touch screen device. The second input or output mechanism is moveable from the second location to above a second end portion of the touch screen device. | 11-04-2010 |
20110157033 | ELECTRONIC APPARATUS HAVING MOVABLE PARTS - An electronic apparatus includes a display panel ( | 06-30-2011 |
Sabari Raju Shanmugam, Bangalore IN
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20150043811 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DYNAMIC RANGE ENHANCEMENT OF AN IMAGE - A method and apparatus are provided for enhancing the local dynamic range of an image using the contents of exposure bracketed image set without affecting overall dynamic range of the image. The method allows a user to select at least one region of a reference image for enhancement after receiving the reference image from the user. Further the method comprises segmenting the reference image by using exposure weights, and selects an enhancement support image from an exposure bracketed image set. Furthermore the method determines weight maps of reference and enhancement support images and generates dynamic range enhanced reference image using determined weight maps. | 02-12-2015 |
20150054985 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CAPTURING IMAGES - A method is provided including: capturing a first set of images, wherein each one of the first set of images is captured in accordance with a different value of a camera setting; generating a second set of reduced images, wherein each of the second set of reduced images is a reduced version of a respective one of the first set of images; generating, by an electronic device, a third set of composite images, wherein each one of the third set of composite images is generated by HDR-compositing the second set of reduced images in accordance with a different weight-ratio; receiving a selection of a first composite image, the first composite image being part of the third set of composite images; and storing a second composite image, the second composite image being generated by HDR-compositing the first set of images in accordance with a weight ratio associated with the first composite image. | 02-26-2015 |
20150086127 | METHOD AND IMAGE CAPTURING DEVICE FOR GENERATING ARTIFICIALLY DEFOCUSED BLURRED IMAGE - A method and an image capturing device configured to generate a defocused image from a reference image and one or more of focal bracketed images to provide an artificially defocused blurred image. The artificially defocused blurred image is a fusion image composed by processing the reference image and one or more of focal bracketed images to provide a clear foreground with gradual blurred background based on a created depth map. The method is time efficient as it provides faster processing on a captured and down sampled reference image and one or more captured down sampled aligned focal bracketed images. The depth map created using region based segmentation reduces a misclassification at a time of classifying foreground-background and misclassification of pixels to provide fast, robust artificial blurring of background in the captured reference image. | 03-26-2015 |
Saravanabalaji Shanmugam, Mumbai IN
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20110177180 | HERBAL COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF VIRAL INFECTION - The present invention relates to a herbal composition comprising extract of the plant | 07-21-2011 |
Saravanan Makathai Shanmugam, Orissa IN
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20130179279 | Retail Peripheral Management System - A method and a system for maintaining a retail terminal having a plurality of peripherals are provided. The method comprises determining at least one of an operating quality and a maintenance need of the plurality of peripherals. The method further comprises facilitating remediation of at least one peripheral of the plurality of peripherals based upon the operating quality and the maintenance need of the plurality of peripherals. | 07-11-2013 |
Shandapani Shanmugam, Bangalore IN
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20140019234 | Matching Audio Advertisements to Items on a Shopping List in a Mobile Device - Methods and apparatus are provided for matching audio advertisements to items on a shopping list in a mobile device. Audio advertisements are matched to items on a shopping list by obtaining the shopping list from a mobile device of the user; applying a speech recognizer to at least one audio advertisement detected on a microphone of the mobile device; identifying one or more key words in the at least one audio advertisement; comparing the one or more identified key words to one or more items on the shopping list stored on the mobile device; and storing the information related to the at least one advertisement if the one or more identified key words match the one or more items. | 01-16-2014 |
Sivaprakash Shanmugam, Havant, Hampshire GB
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20150335204 | Three-Dimensional Stirring/Mixing Utensils - The invention provides stirring and/or mixing utensils such as pots, pans and the like, for preparing foodstuffs for consumption by mixing and possibly also heating them in an environment in which they can be tumbled or otherwise moved in three-dimensions. Utensils in accordance with some embodiments of the invention comprise cooking or frying utensils incorporating a food chamber that is mounted for rotation about three orthogonal axes. Utensils in accordance with other embodiments of the invention use, in combination, a food chamber mounted for rotation about two mutually orthogonal axes and a stirring device driven about the third axis. | 11-26-2015 |
Suresh Shanmugam, Bangalore IN
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20080242829 | METHODS FOR PRODUCING AND PURIFYING 2-HYDROCARBYL-3,3-BIS(4-HYDROXYARYL)PHTHALIMIDINE MONOMERS AND POLYCARBONATES DERIVED THEREFROM - Disclosed herein is a method comprising reacting a phenolphthalein material and a primary hydrocarbyl amine in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a reaction mixture comprising 2-hydrocarbyl-3,3-bis(4-hydroxyaryl)phthalimidine, wherein the phenolphthalein material comprises greater than or equal to 95 weight percent phenolphthalein, based on the total weight of phenolphthalein material; quenching the reaction mixture and treating the quenched reaction mixture to obtain a first solid. The first solid is then triturated with a trituration solvent and washed to obtain a second solid, wherein the second solid comprises greater than or equal to 97 weight percent 2-hydrocarbyl-3,3-bis(4-hydroxyaryl)phthalimidine, based on the total weight of the second solid. The second solid may be polymerized to form a polycarbonate. | 10-02-2008 |
Venkadesh Shanmugam, Bangalore IN
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20130186057 | NAPHTHA AND PROCESS GAS/SYNGAS MIXTURE FIRING METHOD FOR GAS TURBINE ENGINES - A fuel delivery system for a gas turbine designed to efficiently transfer from one type of fuel to a separate fuel, comprising different and cooperating fuel modules, namely high hydrogen fuel gas, distillate fuel and naphtha fuel modules, each of which feeds a different liquid or gas fuel to the combustors, an atomized air delivery system for either the naphtha or distillate (or combinations thereof), an air extraction system, a plurality of distribution control valves for the high hydrogen fuel gas, distillate fuel and naphtha fuel modules, and a nitrogen purge system to purge the high hydrogen fuel gas lines to the combustors and/or flushing the naphtha lines with distillate. | 07-25-2013 |
Vinodh Shanmugam, Singapore SG
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20150044812 | NON-ACIDIC ISOTROPIC ETCH-BACK FOR SILICON WAFER SOLAR CELLS - A method for solar cell fabrication is provided. The method includes etching a doped surface of a silicon wafer solar cell using a solution including potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Alternatively the solution could include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and NaOCl. In one aspect, the step of back-etching an emitter of the solar cell using the KOH:NaOCl solution is simultaneously performed with porous silicon removal. In another aspect, the step of back-etching the emitter of the solar cell using the KOH:NaOCl solution also includes PSG removal. And in yet another aspect, the step of back-etching the emitter of the solar cell using the KOH:NaOCl solution is performed simultaneously with polishing. | 02-12-2015 |