Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090092997 | MODULATORS THAT PROMOTE CELL SURFACE EXPRESSION OF ODORANT RECEPTORS - The present invention relates to polypeptides capable of promoting odorant receptor cell surface localization and odorant receptor functional expression. The present invention further provides assays for the detection of ligands specific for various odorant receptors. Additionally, the present invention provides methods of screening for odorant receptor accessory protein polymorphisms and mutations associated with disease states, as well as methods of screening for therapeutic agents, ligands, and modulators of such proteins. | 04-09-2009 |
20090123997 | MODULATORS OF ODORANT RECEPTORS - The present invention relates to polypeptides capable of promoting odorant receptor cell surface localization and odorant receptor functional expression. The present invention further provides assays for the detection of ligands specific for various odorant receptors. Additionally, the present invention provides methods of screening for odorant receptor accessory protein polymorphisms and mutations associated with disease states, as well as methods of screening for therapeutic agents, ligands, and modulators of such proteins. | 05-14-2009 |
20090124003 | MODULATORS OF ODORANT RECEPTORS - The present invention relates to polypeptides capable of promoting odorant receptor cell surface localization and odorant receptor functional expression. The present invention further provides assays for the detection of ligands specific for various odorant receptors. Additionally, the present invention provides methods of screening for odorant receptor accessory protein polymorphisms and mutations associated with disease states, as well as methods of screening for therapeutic agents, ligands, and modulators of such proteins. | 05-14-2009 |
20100143337 | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZING AND REGULATING OLFACTORY SENSATION - The present invention relates to the characterization of odorant receptors. In particular, the present invention relates to the OR7D4 proteins and nucleic acids encoding OR7D4 proteins and cell systems for screening for modulators of OR7D4 receptors. The present invention further provides assays for the detection of OR7D4 polymorphisms and mutations associated with altered olfactory sensation states, as well as methods of screening for therapeutic agents, ligands, and modulators of OR7D4 receptors. | 06-10-2010 |
20100222561 | MODULATORS OF ODORANT RECEPTORS - The present invention relates to polypeptides capable of promoting odorant receptor cell surface localization and odorant receptor functional expression. The present invention further provides assays for the detection of ligands specific for various odorant receptors. Additionally, the present invention provides methods of screening for odorant receptor accessory protein polymorphisms and mutations associated with disease states, as well as methods of screening for therapeutic agents, ligands, and modulators of such proteins. | 09-02-2010 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080315959 | Low Power All Digital PLL Architecture - A new all digital PLL (ADPLL) circuit and architecture and the corresponding method of implementation are provided. The ADPLL processes an integer and a fractional part of the phase signal separately, and achieves power reduction by disabling circuitry along the integer processing path of the circuit when the ADPLL loop is in a locked state. The integer processing path is automatically enabled when the loop is not in lock. Additional power savings is achieved by running the ADPLL on the lower-frequency master system clock, which also has the effect of reducing spur levels on the signals. | 12-25-2008 |
20090258612 | BANDWIDTH REDUCTION MECHANISM FOR POLAR MODULATION - A novel and useful apparatus for and method of reducing phase and amplitude modulation bandwidth in polar transmitters. The bandwidth reduction mechanism of the present invention effectively reduces the phase modulation bandwidth of the polar modulation performed in the transmitter by modifying the zero-crossing trajectories in the IQ domain. This significantly reduces the phase modulation bandwidth while still meeting the output spectrum and error vector magnitude (EVM) requirements of the particular modern wideband wireless standard, such as 3G WCDMA, etc. The mechanism detects a zero crossing or a near zero crossing within a predetermined threshold of the origin and an offset vector is generated that when added to the input TX IQ data, shifts the trajectory to avoid the origin thus reducing the resultant polar modulation amplitude and phase bandwidth. | 10-15-2009 |
20090268791 | System and Method for Frequency Pushing/Pulling Compensation - A system and method for frequency pushing/pulling compensation in phase-locked loops including a method for cancelling frequency push/pull in an oscillator of a transmitter. The method includes computing an error signal from a signal of a phase locked loop, wherein the error signal includes an aggressor signal. Transfer characteristics are computed for the aggressor signal. A transmitted signal is filtered using the transfer characteristics to produce a correction term. The correction term is applied to a frequency control word being provided to the oscillator. | 10-29-2009 |
20100027729 | Fractional Interpolative Timing Advance and Retard Control in a Transceiver - Transmission of information between user equipment (UE) and base stations in a wireless network occurs using a stream of periodic data. A modem in the UE operates synchronized to a first clock source to produce the stream of periodic data at a chip rate. Transceiver circuitry is synchronized to a variable clock source to receive the stream of data from the first circuitry at a rate according to the variable clock source. A fixed phase relationship is maintained between the variable clock source and the first clock source while the data period is uniform by adjusting the variable clock in response to detected phase errors. Occasionally, one period of the periodic data is changed by a defined amount. The fixed phase relationship is restored over a number of periods in a gradual manner by changing the frequency of the variable clock by an amount. By restoring the phase relationship gradually, quality degradation of the transmitted signal is reduced. | 02-04-2010 |
20120133414 | COMPENSATING FOR WANDER IN AC COUPLING DATA INTERFACE - Techniques are disclosed relating to reducing wander created by AC couplers. In one embodiment, an integrated circuit is disclosed that includes an AC coupler and a DC-level shifter. The AC coupler is configured to receive a differential input signal at first and second nodes, and to shift a common-mode voltage of the differential input signal. The DC-level shifter is coupled to the first and second nodes, and configured to reduce wander of the AC coupler. In various embodiments, the DC-level shifter is configured to supply a differential reference signal to the AC coupler, and to create the differential reference signal from the differential input signal at the first and second nodes by changing a common-mode voltage of the differential input signal. | 05-31-2012 |
20120133459 | PASSIVE FILTER AND AC COUPLER RECEIVER INTERFACE - An apparatus includes a capacitor coupled between a first node responsive to receive an input signal and a second node. The apparatus includes a first circuit coupled to the second node and a third node. The first circuit is selectively operable to separately configure at least one of a low-frequency gain of an equalizer and a pole of the equalizer. The equalizer includes the first circuit and the capacitor. The second node is responsive to receive an equalized version of an AC signal of the input signal in a first mode of the apparatus. The second node is responsive to receive a non-equalized version of the AC signal of the input signal in a second mode of the apparatus. The equalized version of the AC signal of the input signal may be a level-shifted and equalized version of the AC signal in the first mode of the apparatus. | 05-31-2012 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20130186417 | ORAL PRODUCT - An oral product includes a body that is wholly receivable in an oral cavity. The body includes a mouth-stable polymer matrix, cellulosic fibers embedded in the mouth-stable polymer matrix, and nicotine or a derivative thereof dispersed in the mouth-stable polymer matrix. The oral product is adapted to release the nicotine or derivative thereof from the body when the body is received within the oral cavity and exposed to saliva. | 07-25-2013 |
20140130814 | ORAL PRODUCT - An oral product includes a body that is wholly receivable in an oral cavity. The body includes a mouth-stable polymer matrix, cellulosic fibers embedded in the mouth-stable polymer matrix, and nicotine or a derivative thereof dispersed in the mouth-stable polymer matrix. The oral product is adapted to release the nicotine or derivative thereof from the body when the body is received within the oral cavity and exposed to saliva. | 05-15-2014 |
20140332013 | ORAL PRODUCT - An oral product includes a body that is wholly receivable in an oral cavity. The body includes a mouth-stable polymer matrix, cellulosic fibers embedded in the mouth-stable polymer matrix, and a mouth-soluble binder dispersed in the mouth-stable polymer matrix. | 11-13-2014 |
20150020818 | Methods and Systems for Incorporating Nicotine into Oral Products - This document provides methods and systems for stabilizing nicotine and incorporating nicotine into one or more oral products. This document also provides oral products. Nicotine can be stabilized by mixing liquid nicotine with cellulosic fiber such that the liquid nicotine absorbs into pores of the cellulosic fiber to form a cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture. In some cases, a cellulosic fiber-nicotine mixture can be combined with one or more binders and molded into an oral product. | 01-22-2015 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20130151538 | ENTITY SUMMARIZATION AND COMPARISON - An entity summarization system is described herein that mines the Internet and other data source to provide answers to questions such as the relative sentiment of users towards various brands. The system uses a controlled vocabulary list describing a specific aspect of entities of interest. Given an entity name, the system scans the whole content corpus to collect statistics on the words that occur most frequently in the context of the entity name, taking into account proximity information, to produce a weighted list of vocabulary terms describing the entity. Two entities can be compared by normalizing and comparing their weighted term lists. In some embodiments, the system performs these procedures efficiently by leveraging an N-gram web model. Thus, the system provides an automated way to compare two entities to derive information about how users feel about the entities at any given time. | 06-13-2013 |
20140181096 | ENTITY NAME DISAMBIGUATION - Systems, methods, and computer-readable storage media for disambiguating entity names by determining query terms to associate with certain entities based on, for instance, user selection of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), are provided. In embodiments, query data is analyzed to determine which queries are most closely associated with certain entities, based on quantities of user selections associated with a particular URL and a given query, as compared to a total quantity of user selections associated with the query. Identified queries can be used to return search results, images to supplement search results, advertising, or the like that are associated with appropriate entities. | 06-26-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110209154 | THREAD SPECULATIVE EXECUTION AND ASYNCHRONOUS CONFLICT EVENTS - In an embodiment, asynchronous conflict events are received during a previous rollback period. Each of the asynchronous conflict events represent conflicts encountered by speculative execution of a first plurality of work units and may be received out-of-order. During a current rollback period, a first work unit is determined whose speculative execution raised one of the asynchronous conflict events, and the first work unit is older than all other of the first plurality of work units. A second plurality of work units are determined, whose ages are equal to or older than the first work unit, wherein each of the second plurality of work units are assigned to respective executing threads. Rollbacks of the second plurality of work units are performed. After the rollbacks of the second plurality of work units are performed, speculative executions of the second plurality of work units are initiated in age order, from oldest to youngest. | 08-25-2011 |
20110209155 | SPECULATIVE THREAD EXECUTION WITH HARDWARE TRANSACTIONAL MEMORY - In an embodiment, if a self thread has more than one conflict, a transaction of the self thread is aborted and restarted. If the self thread has only one conflict and an enemy thread of the self thread has more than one conflict, the transaction of the self thread is committed. If the self thread only conflicts with the enemy thread and the enemy thread only conflicts with the self thread and the self thread has a key that has a higher priority than a key of the enemy thread, the transaction of the self thread is committed. If the self thread only conflicts with the enemy thread, the enemy thread only conflicts with the self thread, and the self thread has a key that has a lower priority than the key of the enemy thread, the transaction of the self thread is aborted. | 08-25-2011 |
20110219222 | Building Approximate Data Dependences with a Moving Window - Mechanisms for building approximate data dependences using a moving look-back window are provided. The mechanisms track dependence information for memory accesses over iterations of execution of a portion of code. The mechanisms receive a memory access of an iteration of the portion of code, the memory access having an address for access the memory and an access type indicating at least one of a read or a write access type. An entry in a moving look-back window data structure is generated corresponding to a memory location accessed by the memory access. The entry comprises at least an identification of the address, the access type, and an iteration number corresponding to the iteration of the memory access. The moving look-back window data structure is utilized to determine dependence information for memory accesses over a plurality of iterations of the portion of code. | 09-08-2011 |
20110252199 | Data Placement Optimization Using Data Context Collected During Garbage Collection - Mechanisms are provided for data placement optimization during runtime of a computer program. The mechanisms detect cache misses in a cache of the data processing system and collect cache miss information for objects of the computer program. Data context information is generated for an object in an object access sequence of the computer program. The data context information identifies one or more additional objects accessed as part of the object access sequence in association with the object. The cache miss information is correlated with the data context information of the object. Data placement optimization is performed on the object, in the object access sequence, with which the cache miss information is associated. The data placement optimization places connected objects in the object access sequence in close proximity to each other in a memory structure of the data processing system. | 10-13-2011 |
20110289303 | SETJMP/LONGJMP FOR SPECULATIVE EXECUTION FRAMEWORKS - A process for check pointing in speculative execution frameworks, identifies calls to a set of setjmp/longjmp instructions to form identified calls to setjmp/longjmp, determines a control flow path between a call to a setjmp and a longjmp pair of instructions in the identified calls to setjmp/longjmp and replaces calls to the setjmp/longjmp pair of instructions with calls to an improved_setjmp and improved_longjmp instruction pair. The process creates a context data structure in memory, computes a non-volatile save/restore set and replaces the call to improved_setjmp of the setjmp/longjmp pair of instructions with instructions to save all required non-volatile and special purpose registers and replaces a call to improved_longjmp of the setjmp/longjmp pair of instructions with instructions to restore all required non-volatile and special purpose registers and to branch to an instruction immediately following a block of code containing the call to improved_setjmp. | 11-24-2011 |
20120017203 | Path-Sensitive Analysis for Reducing Rollback Overheads - A mechanism is provided for path-sensitive analysis for reducing rollback overheads. The mechanism receives, in a compiler, program code to be compiled to form compiled code. The mechanism divides the code into basic blocks. The mechanism then determines a restore register set for each of the one or more basic blocks to form one or more restore register sets. The mechanism then stores the one or more register sets such that responsive to a rollback during execution of the compiled code. A rollback routine identifies a restore register set from the one or more restore register sets and restores registers identified in the identified restore register set. | 01-19-2012 |
20130198749 | SPECULATIVE THREAD EXECUTION WITH HARDWARE TRANSACTIONAL MEMORY - In an embodiment, if a self thread has more than one conflict, a transaction of the self thread is aborted and restarted. If the self thread has only one conflict and an enemy thread of the self thread has more than one conflict, the transaction of the self thread is committed. If the self thread only conflicts with the enemy thread and the enemy thread only conflicts with the self thread and the self thread has a key that has a higher priority than a key of the enemy thread, the transaction of the self thread is committed. If the self thread only conflicts with the enemy thread, the enemy thread only conflicts with the self thread, and the self thread has a key that has a lower priority than the key of the enemy thread, the transaction of the self thread is aborted. | 08-01-2013 |
20130218844 | SPECULATIVE THREAD EXECUTION AND ASYNCHRONOUS CONFLICT EVENTS - In an embodiment, asynchronous conflict events are received during a previous rollback period. Each of the asynchronous conflict events represent conflicts encountered by speculative execution of a first plurality of work units and may be received out-of-order. During a current rollback period, a first work unit is determined whose speculative execution raised one of the asynchronous conflict events, and the first work unit is older than all other of the first plurality of work units. A second plurality of work units are determined, whose ages are equal to or older than the first work unit, wherein each of the second plurality of work units are assigned to respective executing threads. Rollbacks of the second plurality of work units are performed. After the rollbacks of the second plurality of work units are performed, speculative executions of the second plurality of work units are initiated in age order, from oldest to youngest. | 08-22-2013 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100287550 | Runtime Dependence-Aware Scheduling Using Assist Thread - A runtime dependence-aware scheduling of dependent iterations mechanism is provided. Computation is performed for one or more iterations of computer executable code by a main thread. Dependence information is determined for a plurality of memory accesses within the computer executable code using modified executable code using a set of dependence threads. Using the dependence information, a determination is made as to whether a subset of a set of uncompleted iterations in the plurality of iterations is capable of being executed ahead-of-time by the one or more available threads in the data processing system. If the subset of the set of uncompleted iterations in the plurality of iterations is capable of being executed ahead-of-time, the main thread is signaled to skip the subset of the set of uncompleted iterations and the set of assist threads is signaled to execute the subset of the set of uncompleted iterations. | 11-11-2010 |
20110047362 | Version Pressure Feedback Mechanisms for Speculative Versioning Caches - Mechanisms are provided for controlling version pressure on a speculative versioning cache. Raw version pressure data is collected based on one or more threads accessing cache lines of the speculative versioning cache. One or more statistical measures of version pressure are generated based on the collected raw version pressure data. A determination is made as to whether one or more modifications to an operation of a data processing system are to be performed based on the one or more statistical measures of version pressure, the one or more modifications affecting version pressure exerted on the speculative versioning cache. An operation of the data processing system is modified based on the one or more determined modifications, in response to a determination that one or more modifications to the operation of the data processing system are to be performed, to affect the version pressure exerted on the speculative versioning cache. | 02-24-2011 |
20110055484 | Detecting Task Complete Dependencies Using Underlying Speculative Multi-Threading Hardware - Mechanisms are provided for tracking dependencies of threads in a multi-threaded computer program execution. The mechanisms detect a dependency of a first thread's execution on results of a second thread's execution in an execution flow of the multi-threaded computer program. The mechanisms further store, in a hardware thread dependency vector storage associated with the first thread's execution, an identifier of the dependency by setting at least one bit in the hardware thread dependency vector storage corresponding to the second thread. Moreover, the mechanisms schedule tasks performed by the multi-threaded computer program based on the hardware thread dependency vector storage to minimize squashing of threads. | 03-03-2011 |
20110088020 | PARALLELIZATION OF IRREGULAR REDUCTIONS VIA PARALLEL BUILDING AND EXPLOITATION OF CONFLICT-FREE UNITS OF WORK AT RUNTIME - An optimizing compiler device, a method, a computer program product which are capable of performing parallelization of irregular reductions. The method for performing parallelization of irregular reductions includes receiving, at a compiler, a program and selecting, at compile time, at least one unit of work (UW) from the program, each UW configured to operate on at least one reduction operation, where at least one reduction operation in the UW operates on a reduction variable whose address is determinable when running the program at a run-time. At run time, for each successive current UW, a list of reduction operations accessed by that unit of work is recorded. Further, it is determined at run time whether reduction operations accessed by a current UW conflict with any reduction operations recorded as having been accessed by prior selected units of work, and assigning the unit of work as a conflict free unit of work (CFUW) when no conflicts are found. Finally, there is scheduled, for parallel run-time operation, at least two or more processing threads to process a respective the at least two or more assigned CFUWs. | 04-14-2011 |
20120204189 | Runtime Dependence-Aware Scheduling Using Assist Thread - A runtime dependence-aware scheduling of dependent iterations mechanism is provided. Computation is performed for one or more iterations of computer executable code by a main thread. Dependence information is determined for a plurality of memory accesses within the computer executable code using modified executable code using a set of dependence threads. Using the dependence information, a determination is made as to whether a subset of a set of uncompleted iterations in the plurality of iterations is capable of being executed ahead-of-time by the one or more available threads in the data processing system. If the subset of the set of uncompleted iterations in the plurality of iterations is capable of being executed ahead-of-time, the main thread is signaled to skip the subset of the set of uncompleted iterations and the set of assist threads is signaled to execute the subset of the set of uncompleted iterations. | 08-09-2012 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20110111518 | GRANULAR NANOPARTICLES HAVING BRIGHT FLUORESCENCE AND GIANT RAMAN ENHANCEMENTS - The present invention provides nanoparticles having bright fluorescence, where the total number of photons emitted from a single nanoparticle upon excitation with an excitation wavelength of the nanoparticle is at least 107, and giant Raman enhancements, where Raman signal for a molecule near a single nanoparticle increases at least 107 times. The nanoparticles of the invention comprise a plurality of crystallites that are each about 0.6 nm to about 10 nm in size. The present invention also provides methods for making the nanoparticles, which include mixing a matrix material with a reactant capable of being thermally reduced to form the nanoparticle; forming a mixed solid phase; and thermally reducing the mixed solid phase to form the nanoparticle. | 05-12-2011 |
20130001436 | SUB-DIFFRACTION IMAGE RESOLUTION AND OTHER IMAGING TECHNIQUES - The present invention generally relates to sub-diffraction limit image resolution and other imaging techniques. In one aspect, the invention is directed to determining and/or imaging light from two or more entities separated by a distance less than the diffraction limit of the incident light. For example, the entities may be separated by a distance of less than about 1000 nm, or less than about 300 nm for visible light. In one set of embodiments, the entities may be selectively activatable, i.e., one entity can be activated to produce light, without activating other entities. A first entity may be activated and determined (e.g., by determining light emitted by the entity), then a second entity may be activated and determined. The entities may be immobilized relative to each other and/or to a common entity. The emitted light may be used to determine the positions of the first and second entities, for example, using Gaussian fitting or other mathematical techniques, and in some cases, with sub-diffraction limit resolution. The methods may thus be used, for example, to determine the locations of two or more entities immobilized relative to a common entity, for example, a surface, or a biological entity such as DNA, a protein, a cell, a tissue, etc. The entities may also be determined with respect to time, for example, to determine a time-varying reaction. Other aspects of the invention relate to systems for sub-diffraction limit image resolution, computer programs and techniques for sub-diffraction limit image resolution, methods for promoting sub-diffraction limit image resolution, methods for producing photoswitchable entities, and the like. | 01-03-2013 |
20140038201 | SUB-DIFFRACTION LIMIT IMAGE RESOLUTION IN THREE DIMENSIONS - The present invention generally relates to sub-diffraction limit image resolution and other imaging techniques, including imaging in three dimensions. In one aspect, the invention is directed to determining and/or imaging light from two or more entities separated by a distance less than the diffraction limit of the incident light. In some cases, the position of the entities can be determined in all three spatial dimensions (i.e., in the x, y, and z directions), and in certain cases, the positions in all three dimensions can be determined to an accuracy of less than about 1000 nm. In some cases, the z positions may be determined using one of a variety of techniques that uses intensity information or focal information (e.g., a lack of focus) to determine the z position. Non-limiting examples of such techniques include astigmatism imaging, off-focus imaging, or multi-focal-plane imaging. | 02-06-2014 |
20140063194 | SUB-DIFFRACTION LIMIT IMAGE RESOLUTION IN THREE DIMENSIONS - The present invention generally relates to sub-diffraction limit image resolution and other imaging techniques, including imaging in three dimensions. In one aspect, the invention is directed to determining and/or imaging light from two or more entities separated by a distance less than the diffraction limit of the incident light. In some cases, the position of the entities can be determined in all three spatial dimensions (i.e., in the x, y, and z directions), and in certain cases, the positions in all three dimensions can be determined to an accuracy of less than about 1000 nm. In some cases, the z positions may be determined using one of a variety of techniques that uses intensity information or focal information (e.g., a lack of focus) to determine the z position. Non-limiting examples of such techniques include astigmatism imaging, off-focus imaging, or multi-focal-plane imaging. | 03-06-2014 |
20140326922 | SUB-DIFFRACTION LIMIT IMAGE RESOLUTION AND OTHER IMAGING TECHNIQUES - The present invention generally relates to sub-diffraction limit image resolution and other imaging techniques. In one aspect, the invention is directed to determining and/or imaging light from two or more entities separated by a distance less than the diffraction limit of the incident light. For example, the entities may be separated by a distance of less than about 1000 nm, or less than about 300 nm for visible light. In one set of embodiments, the entities may be selectively activatable, i.e., one entity can be activated to produce light, without activating other entities. A first entity may be activated and determined (e.g., by determining light emitted by the entity), then a second entity may be activated and determined. The entities may be immobilized relative to each other and/or to a common entity. The emitted light may be used to determine the positions of the first and second entities, for example, using Gaussian fitting or other mathematical techniques, and in some cases, with sub-diffraction limit resolution. The methods may thus be used, for example, to determine the locations of two or more entities immobilized relative to a common entity, for example, a surface, or a biological entity such as DNA, a protein, a cell, a tissue, etc. The entities may also be determined with respect to time, for example, to determine a time-varying reaction. Other aspects of the invention relate to systems for sub-diffraction limit image resolution, computer programs and techniques for sub-diffraction limit image resolution, methods for promoting sub-diffraction limit image resolution, methods for producing photoswitchable entities, and the like. | 11-06-2014 |
20140333750 | HIGH RESOLUTION DUAL-OBJECTIVE MICROSCOPY - The present invention generally relates to super-resolution microscopy. For example, certain aspects of the invention are generally directed to a microscopy system comprising at least two objectives. In some embodiments, the microscopy system may also contain a non-circularly-symmetric lens. One or more images can be obtained using the objectives, for example, using stochastic imaging techniques such as STORM (stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy), optionally in conjunction with entities that are photoactivatable and/or photo switchable. The images obtained using the objectives may be compared, e.g., to remove noise, and/or to compare an entity present in both images, for instance, to determine the z-position of the entity. In some cases, surprisingly high resolutions may be obtained using such techniques, for example, resolutions of better than about 10 nm. | 11-13-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100297777 | SUB-DIFFRACTION LIMIT IMAGE RESOLUTION AND OTHER IMAGING TECHNIQUES - The present invention generally relates to sub-diffraction limit image resolution and other imaging techniques. In one aspect, the invention is directed to determining and/or imaging light from two or more entities separated by a distance less than the diffraction limit of the incident light. For example, the entities may be separated by a distance of less than about 1000 nm, or less than about 300 nm for visible light. In one set of embodiments, the entities may be selectively activatable, i.e., one entity can be activated to produce light, without activating other entities. A first entity may be activated and determined (e.g., by determining light emitted by the entity), then a second entity may be activated and determined The entities may be immobilized relative to each other and/or to a common entity. The emitted light may be used to determine the positions of the first and second entities, for example, using Gaussian fitting or other mathematical techniques, and in some cases, with sub-diffraction limit resolution. The methods may thus be used, for example, to determine the locations of two or more entities immobilized relative to a common entity, for example, a surface, or a biological entity such as DNA, a protein, a cell, a tissue, etc. The entities may also be determined with respect to time, for example, to determine a time-varying reaction. Other aspects of the invention relate to systems for sub-diffraction limit image resolution, computer programs and techniques for sub-diffraction limit image resolution, methods for promoting sub-diffraction limit image resolution, methods for producing photoswitchable entities, and the like. | 11-25-2010 |
20100316269 | SUB-DIFFRACTION LIMIT IMAGE RESOLUTION AND OTHER IMAGING TECHNIQUES - The present invention generally relates to sub-diffraction limit image resolution and other imaging techniques. In one aspect, the invention is directed to determining and/or imaging light from two or more entities separated by a distance less than the diffraction limit of the incident light. For example, the entities may be separated by a distance of less than about 1000 nm, or less than about 300 nm for visible light. In one set of embodiments, the entities may be selectively activatable, i.e., one entity can be activated to produce light, without activating other entities. A first entity may be activated and determined (e.g., by determining light emitted by the entity), then a second entity may be activated and determined. The entities may be immobilized relative to each other and/or to a common entity. The emitted light may be used to determine the positions of the first and second entities, for example, using Gaussian fitting or other mathematical techniques, and in some cases, with sub-diffraction limit resolution. The methods may thus be used, for example, to determine the locations of two or more entities immobilized relative to a common entity, for example, a surface, or a biological entity such as DNA, a protein, a cell, a tissue, etc. The entities may also be determined with respect to time, for example, to determine a time-varying reaction. Other aspects of the invention relate to systems for sub-diffraction limit image resolution, computer programs and techniques for sub-diffraction limit image resolution, methods for promoting sub-diffraction limit image resolution, methods for producing photoswitchable entities, and the like. | 12-16-2010 |
20110002530 | SUB-DIFFRACTION LIMIT IMAGE RESOLUTION IN THREE DIMENSIONS - The present invention generally relates to sub-diffraction limit image resolution and other imaging techniques, including imaging in three dimensions. In one aspect, the invention is directed to determining and/or imaging light from two or more entities separated by a distance less than the diffraction limit of the incident light. For example, the entities may be separated by a distance of less than about 1000 nm, or less than about 300 nm for visible light. In some cases, the position of the entities can be determined in all three spatial dimensions (i.e., in the x, y, and z directions), and in certain cases, the positions in all three dimensions can be determined to an accuracy of less than about 1000 nm. In one set of embodiments, the entities may be selectively activatable, i.e., one entity can be activated to produce light, without activating other entities. A first entity may be activated and determined (e.g., by determining light emitted by the entity), then a second entity may be activated and determined. The emitted light may be used to determine the x and y positions of the first and second entities, for example, by determining the positions of the images of these entities, and in some cases, with sub-diffraction limit resolution. In some cases, the z positions may be determined using one of a variety of techniques that uses intensity information or focal information (e.g., a lack of focus) to determine the z position. Non-limiting examples of such techniques include astigmatism imaging, off-focus imaging, or multi-focal-plane imaging. | 01-06-2011 |
20120009589 | SUB-DIFFRACTION IMAGE RESOLUTION AND OTHER IMAGING TECHNIQUES - The present invention generally relates to sub-diffraction limit image resolution and other imaging techniques. In one aspect, the invention is directed to determining and/or imaging light from two or more entities separated by a distance less than the diffraction limit of the incident light. For example, the entities may be separated by a distance of less than about 1000 nm, or less than about 300 nm for visible light. In one set of embodiments, the entities may be selectively activatable, i.e., one entity can be activated to produce light, without activating other entities. A first entity may be activated and determined (e.g., by determining light emitted by the entity), then a second entity may be activated and determined. The entities may be immobilized relative to each other and/or to a common entity. The emitted light may be used to determine the positions of the first and second entities, for example, using Gaussian fitting or other mathematical techniques, and in some cases, with sub-diffraction limit resolution. The methods may thus be used, for example, to determine the locations of two or more entities immobilized relative to a common entity, for example, a surface, or a biological entity such as DNA, a protein, a cell, a tissue, etc. The entities may also be determined with respect to time, for example, to determine a time-varying reaction. Other aspects of the invention relate to systems for sub-diffraction limit image resolution, computer programs and techniques for sub-diffraction limit image resolution, methods for promoting sub-diffraction limit image resolution, methods for producing photoswitchable entities, and the like. | 01-12-2012 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090047200 | MULTIFUNCTIONAL ABATEMENT OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN FLUE GAS - An apparatus and a method that uses generated alkaline, alkaline-earth, and/or silica/alumina aerosols as a multifunctional additive to scavenge sulfur oxides in flue gas, minimize poisoning effects of sulfur oxides on mercury sorbent performance, and enhance particulate matter capture in electrostatic precipitators and other particulate filter devices by conditioning the fly ash. | 02-19-2009 |
20110195002 | ADVANCED PARTICULATE MATTER CONTROL APPARATUS AND METHODS - Apparatus and methods for collection and removal of particulate matter, including fine particulate matter, from a gas stream, comprising a unique combination of high collection efficiency and ultralow pressure drop across the filter. The apparatus and method utilize simultaneous electrostatic precipitation and membrane filtration of a particular pore size, wherein electrostatic collection and filtration occur on the same surface. | 08-11-2011 |
20130074693 | WATER-SAVING LIQUID-GAS CONDITIONING SYSTEM - A method for treating a process gas with a liquid comprises contacting a process gas with a hygroscopic working fluid in order to remove a constituent from the process gas. A system for treating a process gas with a liquid comprises a hygroscopic working fluid comprising a component adapted to absorb or react with a constituent of a process gas, and a liquid-gas contactor for contacting the working fluid and the process gas, wherein the constituent is removed from the process gas within the liquid-gas contactor. | 03-28-2013 |
20140053727 | STAGED ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR - A device includes a chamber having an air inlet and an air outlet. The device includes a plurality of stages including at least a first stage adjacent a second stage. The plurality of stages are disposed in the chamber and each stage has a plurality of discharge electrodes disposed in an interior region and is bounded by an upstream baffle on an end proximate the air inlet and bounded by a downstream baffle on an end proximate the air outlet. Each stage has at least one sidewall between the upstream baffle and the downstream baffle. The sidewall is configured as a collection electrode and has a plurality of apertures disposed along a length between the upstream baffle and the downstream baffle. The upstream baffle of the first stage is positioned in staggered alignment relative to the upstream baffle of the second stage and the downstream baffle of the first stage are positioned in staggered alignment relative to the downstream baffle of the second stage. | 02-27-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080200032 | POLISHING METHOD OF SEMICONDUCTOR SUBSTRATE - The present invention relates to a method of polishing a semiconductor substrate, comprising pressing a semiconductor substrate having a film to be polished that is held by a carrier onto a polishing cloth fixed on a revolving polishing table and supplying a polishing slurry to the space between the polishing cloth and the semiconductor substrate, wherein the end point of polishing is determined according to the change in the friction coefficient while the friction coefficient between the semiconductor substrate and the polishing cloth is measured. According to the present invention it is possible to measure friction coefficient accurately in polishing a semiconductor substrate and use the change thereof to determine the end point of polishing. | 08-21-2008 |
20100107726 | DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OF DIAMOND CONDITIONER DISCS AND A METHOD OF USE THEREOF - A device for determining the coefficient of friction of diamond conditioner discs and a method of use thereof. The device is a solid base means comprising a block of granite with a smooth flat upper surface, a diamond conditioner disc counter surface means comprising a removable sheet of polycarbonate, a means for moving the diamond conditioner disc comprising an assembly parallel to and perpendicular to the surface of the said slab and overlain material along which a plate, the surface of which is parallel to the surface of the assembly and perpendicular to the surface of the said slab and overlain material, is moved by a screw, a means for securing the diamond conditioner disc comprising a holder bolted to the said plate that is capable of riding just above the surface of the slab and overlain material with an anterior face with respect to the direction of motion that is concave and capable of securely holding a diamond conditioner disc placed grinding face down upon the said overlain material the top of which is open so that load may be applied to the diamond conditioner disc and a means for measuring the shear force imparted by the moving diamond conditioner disc comprising a load cell. Shear force and down force are determined using the above apparatus and the coefficient of friction of the diamond conditioner disc and the said sheet are calculated therefrom. | 05-06-2010 |
20100186479 | METHOD FOR COUNTING AND CHARACTERIZING AGGRESSIVE DIAMONDS IN CMP DIAMOND CONDITIONER DISCS - The present invention is a method for determining the location of and distinguishing aggressive diamonds from active diamonds on a diamond conditioner disc, comprising: (a) contacting a diamond conditioner disc with a hard surface, wherein the diamond-containing side of the diamond conditioning disc is facing the hard surface, (b) pushing the conditioner disc a sufficient distance that all diamonds could possibly be scratching the surface at the same time and at least a distance corresponding to the length of the said diamond conditioner disc (c) observing number and position of the scratches left by diamonds on the hard surface to determine the number and position of active diamonds on the diamond conditioner disc, and (d) selecting the diamonds, the marks for which are the most pronounced and which comprise 50% or more of the total furrow area observed for all of the active diamonds in descending order of furrow are plus any diamonds in excess of the number needed to achieve said 50% or more whose individual furrow area is 2% or more, which diamonds are determined to be aggressive diamonds, or impressing the diamond conditioner disc under a load onto a hard surface and the impression of the most aggressive diamonds in the hard surface being confirmed by microscopic examination to in turn confirm the position and aggressiveness of the aggressive diamonds observed or (e) contacting a diamond conditioner disc with a hard surface, wherein the diamond-containing side of the diamond conditioning disc is facing the hard surface, (f) pushing the conditioner disc a sufficient distance that all diamonds could possibly be scratching the surface at the same time and at least a distance corresponding to the length of the said diamond conditioner disc (g) observing number and position of the scratches left by diamonds on the hard surface to determine the number and position of active diamonds on the diamond conditioner disc, (h) the hard surface further comprises a layer of contrasting material such that when the diamond conditioner disc moves across the hard surface, the said diamond conditioner disc crosses the limits of the layer entirely from one end to the other and scratches the layer of contrasting material on the hard surface thereby leaving a visible mark, (i) the said layer is between 8 and 15 microns thick and (j) selecting the diamonds which cut entirely through the said layer allowing backlighting to be easily viewed. | 07-29-2010 |
20100203811 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ACCELERATED WEAR TESTING OF AGGRESSIVE DIAMONDS ON DIAMOND CONDITIONING DISCS IN CMP - The present invention is a method and apparatus for accelerated pulling and fracturing of aggressive diamonds on a CMP diamond conditioner disc wherein aggressive diamonds of known position are pulled or fractured by contacting the diamond conditioner disc to a plate or sheet of a hard material or a plate or sheet containing discrete structures of hard material relative to which the diamond disc is in motion at a determinable and reproducible rate for a determinable and reproducible period of time and the number and position of the pulled or fractured aggressive diamonds are determined following the completion of said contact. | 08-12-2010 |
20110076924 | METHOD OF DETERMINING THE LUBRICATION MECHANISM IN CMP - The present invention is a method for obtaining data easily, accurately and effectively that may be used in determination of Sommerfeld Numbers and COF for CMP polishing. Using the Sommerfeld Numbers and COF values thus obtained the lubrication mechanism of CMP polishing with particular materials and under particular conditions can easily and reliably be studied. The method of the present invention is accomplished by use of CMP polishing tools capable of simultaneously measuring shear force and normal force, and rendering a value for the COF while simultaneously enabling the operator to change pressure on and relative velocity of the CMP wafer and CMP polishing pad in real time. Using the said CMP tool, the pressure and relative velocity may be varied separately or together for the desired length of time according to the needs of the operator so that within one CMP process multiple measurements may be taken under the same process conditions. | 03-31-2011 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20080214569 | Use of phosphatases to treat tumors overexpressing N-CoR - This invention provides a method of treating a patient suffering from a tumor overexpressing N—CoR comprising administering to the patient a phosphatase ligand, alone or in combination with a retinoid receptor ligand, a histone deacetylase ligand, or both, in amounts effective to treat the patient. This invention also provides a method of inhibiting tumor growth in a patient suffering from a tumor overexpressing N—CoR. This invention further provides a method of identifying a compound or a mixture of compounds capable of inducing differentiation of cells of a tumor overexpressing N—CoR. This invention still further provides a method of determining the likelihood of successfully treating a subject suffering from a tumor overexpressing N—CoR. This invention also provides a method of assessing the likelihood that a patient is suffering from a tumor overexpressing N—CoR. This invention yet also provides a method of assessing the likelihood that a patient previously suffering from and treated for a tumor overexpressing N—CoR has suffered a recurrence of a tumor overexpressing N—CoR. Finally, this invention provides analogous methods for use on glioblastoma multiforme. | 09-04-2008 |
20090018142 | Use of phosphatases to treat tumors overexpressing N-CoR - This invention provides a method of treating a patient suffering from a tumor overexpressing N—CoR comprising administering to the patient a phosphatase ligand, alone or in combination with a retinoid receptor ligand, a histone deacetylase ligand, or both, in amounts effective to treat the patient. This invention also provides a method of inhibiting tumor growth in a patient suffering from a tumor overexpressing N—CoR. This invention further provides a method of identifying a compound or a mixture of compounds capable of inducing differentiation of cells of a tumor overexpressing N—CoR. This invention still further provides a method of determining the likelihood of successfully treating a subject suffering from a tumor overexpressing N—CoR. This invention also provides a method of assessing the likelihood that a patient is suffering from a tumor overexpressing N—CoR. This invention yet also provides a method of assessing the likelihood that a patient previously suffering from and treated for a tumor overexpressing N—CoR has suffered a recurrence of a tumor overexpressing N—CoR. Finally, this invention provides analogous methods for use on glioblastoma multiforme. | 01-15-2009 |
20090035292 | Use of phosphatases to treat neuroblastomas and medulloblastomas - Disclosed herein are methods of treating neuroblastomas and medulloblastomas in a subject comprising administering to the subject a phosphatase ligand in an amount effective to treat the subject. Also disclosed herein are method of treating neuroblastomas and medulloblastomas in a subject comprising administering to the subject a histone deacteylase ligand in an amount effective to treat the subject. | 02-05-2009 |
20100029683 | Methods for regulating cell mitosis by inhibiting serine/threonine phosphateses - Disclosed herein are methods of inhibiting proliferation of a cancer cell or inducing apoptosis of a cancer cell, which does not overexpress N—CoR. Also disclosed herein are methods of inhibiting proliferation or inducing apoptosis of a cancer cell that overexpresses TCTP and methods for determining whether a compound is effective in inducing cell death. | 02-04-2010 |
20140235649 | USE OF PHOSPHATASE INHIBITORS OR HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS TO TREAT DISEASES CHARACTERIZED BY LOSS OF PROTEIN FUNCTION - A method of treating a mammalian subject afflicted with a disease characterized by a loss of protein function caused by a genetic abnormality associated with the disease comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor or a histone deacetylase inhibitor. | 08-21-2014 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20090049237 | Methods and systems for multi-caching - Provided are methods and systems for multi-caching. The methods and systems provided can enhance network content delivery performance in terms of reduced response time and increased throughput, and can reduce communication overhead by decreasing the amount of data that have to be transmitted over the communication paths. | 02-19-2009 |
20110215966 | APPARATUS, METHOD, MANUFACTURE, AND SYSTEM FOR SENSING SUBSTITUTION FOR LOCATION-BASED APPLICATIONS - A method and apparatus for communicating over a network is provided. The method includes selecting between location-sensing methods for an LBA, such as between GPS and network triangulation. For each location-sensing method, a dynamic determination is made as to whether the accuracy of the location-sensing method, in the current environment, meets the application requirements. If two or more location-sensing methods meet the application requirements, then, location-sensing method selected is the location-sensing method that, from among the location-sensing methods that meet the application requirement, consumes the least power. Otherwise, the location-sensing method that is most accurate for the current environment is selected. | 09-08-2011 |
20110264792 | MULTIPEER - Provided are methods and systems for creating an optimal set of reflector peers, comprising detecting a plurality of reflector peers, retrieving a plurality of static metrics from each of the plurality of reflector peers, ranking the plurality of reflector peers based on the plurality of static metrics, selecting a top predetermined number of peers from each static metric, establishing the selected reflector peers as the optimal set of reflector peers, determining dynamic metric for each of the plurality of reflector peers, and adjusting the optimal set of reflector peers based on the dynamic metric. | 10-27-2011 |
20110300875 | APPARATUS, METHOD, AND SYSTEM FOR SENSING SUPPRESSION FOR LOCATION-BASED APPLICATIONS - A method is provided for managing a location sensing operation for location-based applications, including activating a first sensor disposed in the portable device so as to provide a location sensing operation requested by at least one location-based application. The method further includes periodically monitoring movement of the portable device by a second sensor disposed in the portable device, and suppressing the location sensing operation of the first sensor in accordance with the movement of the portable device detected by the second sensor. | 12-08-2011 |
Patent application number | Description | Published |
20100014095 | DETECTION AND LOCATION OF BOUNDARY INTRUSION, USING COMPOSITE VARIABLES DERIVED FROM PHASE MEASUREMENTS - A disturbance, such as vibration from human activity, is located along a fiberoptic waveguide configuration ( | 01-21-2010 |
20120176606 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISTURBANCE DETECTION - A sweep sensor may include a signal source, a propagation medium, and a detector. By transmitting an interrogating signal from the signal source into the propagation medium, detectable disturbances along the medium can physically alter the characteristics of the medium, which may cause a measurable change in the backscattered signal at the detector. Based on the change, it may be possible to locate the geographic origins of the physical disturbances along the propagation medium, or to determine the nature of the disturbances, or both. For example, it is generally possible to estimate the approximate distance between the detector and the disturbance given the time required to obtain the backscattered signal and the velocity of the signal source in the propagation medium. Further, in some embodiments, it is possible to quantify the amount of disturbance. | 07-12-2012 |
20140185037 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISTURBANCE DETECTION - A sweep sensor may include a signal source, a propagation medium, and a detector. By transmitting an interrogating signal from the signal source into the propagation medium, detectable disturbances along the medium can physically alter the characteristics of the medium, which may cause a measureable change in the backscattered signal at the detector. Based on the change, it may be possible to locate the geographic origins of the physical disturbances along the propagation medium, or to determine the nature of the disturbances, or both. For example, it is generally possible to estimate the approximate distance between the detector and the disturbance given the time required to obtain the backscattered signal and the velocity of the signal source in the propagation medium. Further, in some embodiments, it is possible to quantify the amount of disturbance. | 07-03-2014 |