52nd week of 2008 patent applcation highlights part 14 |
Patent application number | Title | Published |
20080315086 | BRANCHED RADIO FREQUENCY MULTIPOLE - Systems and methods of the invention include a branched radio frequency multipole configured to act, for example, as an ion guide. The branched radio frequency multipole comprises multiple ion channels through which ions can be alternatively directed. The branched radio frequency multipole is configured to control which of the multiple ion channels ions are directed, through the application of appropriate potentials. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315087 | Method and apparatus for digital differential ion mobility separation - A method for differential mobility separation of ions using digital-drive based high voltage fast switching electronics. The digital waveform delivered to the spectrometer is characterized by at least two substantially rectangular pulses of different amplitude and polarity. The control circuitry allows for waveform frequency, duty cycle and pulse amplitudes to be varied independently. Balanced as well as unbalanced asymmetric waveforms can be designed for optimum differential mobility separation of ions. The digital drive is designed for differential mobility spectrometers including parallel plate and segmented plate multipoles of planar symmetry, as well as multipoles of cylindrical symmetry, which may optionally be arranged in series. The use of the digital drive establishes alternating electric fields during which the displacement as a result of ion oscillation is determined by mobility coefficients. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315088 | COMPOSITE CHARGED-PARTICLE BEAM SYSTEM - There is provided a method of arranging, as a composite charged-particle beam system, a gas ion beam apparatus, an FIB and an SEM in order to efficiently prepare a TEM sample. The composite charged-particle beam system includes an FIB lens-barrel | 2008-12-25 |
20080315089 | Electron gun, electron beam exposure apparatus, and exposure method - An electron gun includes an electron source configured to emit electrons. The electron source includes an electron emission region configured to emit the electrons and an electron emission restrictive region configured to restrict emission of the electrons. The electron emission restrictive region is located on a side surface of the electron source except an electron emission surface on a tip of the electron source and is covered with a different material from the electron source. The electron gun emits thermal field-emitted electrons by applying an electric field to the tip while maintaining a sufficiently low temperature to avoid sublimation of a material of the electron source. The material of the electron source may be lanthanum hexaboride (LaB | 2008-12-25 |
20080315090 | Objective lens, electron beam system and method of inspecting defect - An electron beam system or a method for manufacturing a device using the electron beam system in which an electron beam can be irradiated at a high current density and a ratio of transmittance of a secondary electron beam of an image projecting optical system can be improved and which can be compact in size. The surface of the sample S is divided into plural stripe regions which in turn are divided into rectangle-shaped main fields. The main field is further divided into plural square-shaped subfields. The irradiation with the electron beams and the formation of a two-dimensional image are repeated in a unit of the subfields. A magnetic gap formed by the inner and outer magnetic poles of the objective lens is formed on the side of the sample, and an outer side surface and an inner side surface of each of the inner magnetic pole and the outer magnetic pole, respectively, forming the magnetic gap have each part of a conical shape with a convex having an angle of 45° or greater with respect to the optical axis. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315091 | IMAGING AND SENSING BASED ON MUON TOMOGRAPHY - Techniques, apparatus and systems for detecting particles such as muons for imaging applications. Subtraction techniques are described to enhance the processing of the muon tomography data. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315092 | Scanning probe microscopy inspection and modification system - A scanning probe microscopy (SPM) inspection and/or modification system which uses SPM technology and techniques. The system includes various types of microstructured SPM probes for inspection and/or modification of the object. The components of the SPM system include microstructured calibration structures. A probe may be defective because of wear or because of fabrication errors. Various types of reference measurements of the calibration structure are made with the probe or vice versa to calibrate it. The components of the SPM system further include one or more tip machining structures. At these structures, material of the tips of the SPM probes may be machined by abrasively lapping and chemically lapping the material of the tip with the tip machining structures. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315093 | Electron beam inspection method and electron beam inspection apparatus - An electron beam inspection apparatus images reflected electrons and cancels negative charging derived from electron-beam irradiation. Ultraviolet rays are irradiated and an irradiated area of ultraviolet rays is displayed as a photoelectron image. The photoelectron image and a reflected-electron image are displayed on a monitor while being superposed on each other, to easily grasp the positional relationship between the images and the difference in size between them. Specifically, the shape of the irradiated area of an electron beam includes the shape of the irradiated area of ultraviolet rays on a display screen. The intensity of the ultraviolet rays in the irradiated area of the electron beam is adjusted while the reflected-electron imaging conditions for the reflected-electron image are sustained. Moreover, an amount-of-ultraviolet ray adjustment mechanism is controlled on the monitor so that an amount of the ultraviolet rays is adjusted while observing a reflected-electron image obtained during ultraviolet irradiation. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315094 | CHARGED PARTICLE DETECTION DEVICES - A charged particle detector consists of a plurality independent light guide modules assembled together to form a segmented in-lens on-axis annular detector, with a center hole for allowing the primary charged particle beam to pass through. One side of the assembly facing the specimen is coated with or bonded to scintillator material as the charged particle detection surface. Each light guide module is coupled to a photomultiplier tube to allow light signals transmitted through each light guide module to be amplified and processed separately. A charged particle detector is made from a single block of light guide material processed to have a cone shaped circular cutout from one face, terminating on the opposite face to an opening to allow the primary charged particle beam to pass through. The opposite face is coated with or bonded to scintillator material as the charged particle detection surface. The outer region of the light guide block is shaped into four separate light guide output channels and each light guide output channel is coupled to a photomultiplier tube to allow light signal output from each channel to be amplified and processed separately. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315095 | Electron beam apparatus, a device manufacturing method using the same apparatus, a pattern evaluation method, a device manufacturing method using the same method, and a resist pattern or processed wafer evaluation method - An object of the present invention is to provide an electron beam apparatus, in which a plurality of electron beams, e.g., four electron beams, is produced for one optical axis with a relatively high current achieved for each electron beam. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315096 | Portable Electron Microscope Using Micro-Column - Provided is a portable electron microscope using a microcolumn. The portable electron microscope includes a microcolumn, a low vacuum pump, a high vacuum pump, an ultra-high vacuum ion pump, a first chamber for receiving and fixing the microcolumn and a sample to be measured and forming a vacuum by means of the pumps, a controller, and a case for receiving the pumps, the chamber and the controller. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315097 | Charged particle beam apparatus and specimen holder - Information of a specimen holder or information of a specimen mounted on the specimen holder is stored in a memory inside the specimen holder mounted to an electron microscope. The memory is accessed to transmit the information of the specimen holder to the electron microscope, thereby ensuring that the user can use the specimen holder without mistaking characteristics of the specimen holder and danger of erroneous recording of the specimen information can be reduced. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315098 | PHOTOCONDUCTIVE ELEMENT FOR GENERATION AND DETECTION OF TERAHERTZ WAVE - A photoconductive element for generating or detecting a terahertz wave comprises a carrier generation layer for generating carriers on light irradiation, a pair of conductive electrodes provided in opposition on one face of the carrier generation layer, each containing a strip line, a pair of conductive antennas placed in opposition with a gap for light irradiation onto the carrier generation layer, each being joined to the electrodes, a pair of conductive adjusting stubs for adjusting a propagation state of the terahertz wave generated or detected by the carriers, wherein each of the adjusting stubs has a length of not longer than the wavelength λ of the terahertz wave generated by the carriers, and is placed at a distance of not more than the wavelength λ from a joint between the antenna and the electrode. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315099 | DETECTOR OF INFRARED RADIATION HAVING A BI-MATERIAL TRANSDUCER - A representative embodiment of the invention provides an infrared (IR) detector having a movable plate supported at an offset distance from a substrate by a suspension arm. In response to a temperature difference between the plate and the substrate generated by the incident IR radiation, the suspension arm deforms and changes the offset distance for the plate. In one embodiment, the suspension arm has three rod-shaped bimorph transducers that lie within a plane that is parallel to the substrate. The transducers are also parallel to one another, with the transducer that is attached to an anchor of the suspension arm being located between the two transducers that are attached to the plate. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315100 | THIN FILM MULTI-LAYERED PYROELECTRIC CAPACITOR - Aspects described herein provide for the design and fabrication of a device with an enhanced pyroelectric response signal comprised of multi-capacitors that are connected in series. These capacitors are fabricated using multi-layers of materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), Ba | 2008-12-25 |
20080315101 | DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON INFRARED DETECTOR AND ASSOCIATED METHODS - Diamond-like carbon based energy conversion devices and methods of making and using the same are disclosed. Such devices may include a surface for detection of infrared photons. Such a surface may include at least one metal cone and a diamond-like carbon layer disposed on the at least one metal cone. The at least one diamond-like carbon-coated metal cone is thus configured to receive infrared photons and generate electrons therefrom. In another aspect, the at least one metal cone may be an array of electronically coupled metal cones. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315102 | INFRARED SPECTROMETER - Method and apparatus for detecting, by absorption spectroscopy, an isotopic ratio of a sample, by passing first and second laser beams of different frequencies through the sample. Two IR absorption cells are used, a first containing a reference gas of known isotopic ratio and the second containing a sample of unknown isotopic ratio. An interlacer or reflective chopper may be used so that as the laser frequencies are scanned the absorption of the sample cell and the reference cell are detected alternately. This ensures that the apparatus is continuously calibrated and rejects the baseline noise when phase sensitive detection is used. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315103 | FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETER - Disclosed is a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, which comprises: a main interferometer section including a beam splitter, a fixed mirror, a movable mirror, and a phase plate disposed between the beam splitter and the fixed mirror; a control interferometer section having a quadrature control system for calculating a position of the movable mirror; a center-burst-position detection section operable, based on an input of interference signals and interferograms, to subject respective intensities of the interferograms to an addition processing while correcting a positional deviation of the movable mirror, so as to obtain a cumulative interferogram, and detecting a center burst position having a maximum intensity value in the cumulative interferogram; a center-burst-position storage section operable to store the detected center burst position; and a measurement-start-position determination section operable, based on the stored center burst position, to determine a measurement start position of the movable mirror during the measurement operation. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315104 | Color image sensing apparatus and method of processing infrared-ray signal - A color image sensing apparatus and a method of processing an infrared-ray signal are provided. The image sensing apparatus includes: a color filter array including a plurality of color filter units, each color filter unit including a red-pass filter passing red light, a green-pass filter passing green light, and a blue-pass filter passing blue light, and at least one of the red-, green- and blue-pass filters passing infrared-rays; an image sensor for providing an image signal corresponding to light passing through the color filter array, the image signal including a red light signal corresponding to the light passing through the red-pass filter, a green light signal corresponding to the light passing through the green-pass filter, a blue light signal corresponding to the light passing through the blue-pass filter, and an infrared-ray signal corresponding to the infrared-rays passing through the at least one filter; and an image signal processor for correcting and processing at least one of the red light signal, the green light signal and the blue light signal in response to the infrared-ray signal. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315105 | Method and Apparatus for Correcting Excess Signals in an Imaging System - A method and apparatus for excess signal compensation in an imaging system is described. In one particular embodiment, the invention provides for non-linear background, offset (due to time dependent dark current) and/or lag (including constant, linear and non-linear terms, due to image persistence) corrections of large area, flat panel imaging sensors. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315106 | Multiple Layer Detector For Spectral Computed Tomography Imaging - A radiation detector ( | 2008-12-25 |
20080315107 | PORTABLE SYSTEM FOR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF GAMMA, NEUTRON AND X-RAY RADIATION - A portable hand-held system for identification of a radiation source includes a portable detection unit that detects gamma radiation, X-ray radiation and neutron radiation emitted due to nuclear decay in the radiation source being inspected and provides a corresponding detection signal based on the radiation. A radioisotope analysis unit analyzes radiation detected by the detection unit for determining radioisotope information. A display unit for displaying results of the analysis to a user, including radiation spectrum and the radioisotope information. A GPS receiver provides a current position information. A connecting unit communicates the results of the analysis and the current location to a remote computer. The detection unit, the radioisotope analysis unit, the display unit, the GPS receiver and the connecting unit form an integral device. The common housing includes a personal communicator with a microprocessor for the analyzing of the radiation spectra. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315108 | Neutron detector - A neutron detector comprises a gas-filled dielectric shell, preferably a glass balloon, having opposite electrodes. An electric field is established whereby ionizing particles may be detected via ionization and current flow in the gas, using a pulse height analyzer or other conventional means. The dielectric shell preferably has low gas permeability and a bulk resistivity in the range of 10 | 2008-12-25 |
20080315109 | Neutron detector - A neutron detector has a volume of neutron moderating material and a plurality of individual neutron sensing elements dispersed at selected locations throughout the moderator, and particularly arranged so that some of the detecting elements are closer to the surface of the moderator assembly and others are more deeply embedded. The arrangement captures some thermalized neutrons that might otherwise be scattered away from a single, centrally located detector element. Different geometrical arrangements may be used while preserving its fundamental characteristics. Different types of neutron sensing elements may be used, which may operate on any of a number of physical principles to perform the function of sensing a neutron, either by a capture or a scattering reaction, and converting that reaction to a detectable signal. High detection efficiency, an ability to acquire spectral information, and directional sensitivity may be obtained. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315110 | Radiation measurement using multiple parameters - An improved radiation detection device measures a broad range of dose rate levels. According to one arrangement, the radiation detection device calculates a radiation value based on, gamma count information representing counts for different energy levels of radiation in a radiation field as well as a radiation intensity indicator value (e.g., photomultiplier tube anode DC current, measured directly by conventional Analog to Digital Converters or indirectly by power or current consumption information indicating how much energy is required to maintain a photomultiplier tube at a constant voltage) that is at least proportional to an amount of overall radiation energy detected in the radiation sample. Based on a combination of the gamma count information and the radiation intensity indicator value, a controller associated with a corresponding radiation detection device can calculate a radiation dose rate associated with the received radiation sample. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315111 | PARTICLE THERAPY SYSTEM - A particle therapy system is provided. The particle therapy system includes a rotatable gantry with a gantry wall that surrounds an interior. A small irradiation chamber, with an irradiation chamber wall, is located inside the interior. The irradiation chamber wall is spaced apart from the gantry wall, and a deflection chamber is embodied between the two walls. The irradiation chamber wall includes a plurality of wall elements, which to enlarge the irradiation chamber are adjustable in the direction of the deflection chamber, for example, when positioning a treatment table in the small irradiation chamber, such that an opening in the irradiation chamber wall is created. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315112 | CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM DEFLECTION METHOD WITH SEPARATE STAGE TRACKING AND STAGE POSITIONAL ERROR SIGNALS - The invention provides a method for patterning a resist coated substrate carried on a stage, where the patterning utilizes a charged particle beam. The method comprises the steps of: moving the stage at a nominally constant velocity in a first direction; while the stage is moving, deflecting the charged particle beam in the first direction to compensate for the movement of the stage, the deflecting including: (a) compensating for an average velocity of the stage; and (b) separately compensating for the difference between an instantaneous position of the stage and a calculated position based on the average velocity. The separately compensating step uses a bandwidth of less than 10 MHz. The invention also provides a deflector control circuit for implementing the separate compensation functions. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315113 | BEAM GUIDANCE MAGNET - A beam guidance magnet for deflecting a beam of electrically charged particles along a curved particle path is provided. The beam guidance magnet includes a coil system that does not include a ferromagnetic material affecting the beam guidance and has curved coils stretched out along the particle path, the coils being arranged in pairs in mirror symmetry to the beam guidance plane. The coil system includes two primary coils and two substantially flat secondary coils. The two primary coils include primary coil sides and primary coil end parts bent upward relative to the beam guidance plane. The two substantially flat secondary coils are disposed between the primary coil end parts. Supplementary coils are disposed in the field range of the respective curved secondary coil end parts. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315114 | HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATOR FOR PREVENTING INSTABILITY IN AN ION IMPLANTER DUE TO TRIPLE-JUNCTION BREAKDOWN - A high voltage insulator for preventing instability in an ion implanter due to triple junction breakdown is described. In one embodiment, there is an apparatus for preventing triple junction instability in an ion implanter. In this embodiment, there is a first metal electrode and a second metal electrode. An insulator is disposed between the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode. The insulator has at least one surface between the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode that is exposed to a vacuum that transports an ion beam generated by the ion implanter. A first conductive layer is located between the first metal electrode and the insulator. The first conductive layer prevents triple junction breakdown from occurring at an interface of the first electrode, insulator and vacuum. A second conductive layer is located between the second metal electrode and the insulator opposite the first conductive layer. The second conductive layer prevents triple junction breakdown from occurring at an interface of the second electrode, insulator and vacuum. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315115 | TREATMENT OF FLUIDS WITH WAVE ENERGY FROM A CARBON - A method of and apparatus for treating liquids flowing in a thin film around a source of wave energy to directly exposes the liquid to the wave energy, preferably generated in whole or part by an electrical arc between carbon electrodes. In addition to the wave energy generated by the electrical arc, energy generated by cavitation of the flowing liquid may be used in treating the liquid. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315116 | Optical UV lamp-on indicator - An observable optical lamp status display system is provided for an ultraviolet irradiation lamp concealed from view. An external lamp status display panel that is within the field of view of an observer registers the operating status of each ultraviolet light irradiation lamp in an array of irradiation lamps. A separate fiberoptic lamp status display filament extends between each ultraviolet radiation lamps and the display panel. The lamp status display filament has a first end terminated in optical communication with the ultraviolet lamp and an opposite end that terminates at an optical sensor in the lamp status display panel. An observer can determine whether or not a lamp is operating simply by observing the output of the optical sensor in the display panel for each lamp operated. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315117 | Cleanable Helical Modules - The invention relates to cleanable spiral modules and a method for production thereof. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315118 | FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENT PROBE - A fluorescence measurement probe capable of stably receiving a maximum received light amount of a fluorescent light generated from a specimen onto which an excitation light is radiated. The fluorescence measurement probe is applied to a fluorescence measurement system provided with an optical system. A light source emits an excitation light. A detector receives the fluorescent light. A solid light guide path serves as an optical path of the excitation light as well as the fluorescent light. A lens is disposed between an edge surface of the solid light guide path and the specimen. When a radiation angle of the excitation light is set to 2θ at a position where the excitation light is collected by the lens which collects the fluorescent light. A excitation light beam NA expressed by sin θ is set to 0.14 or more and 0.31 or less. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315119 | Method of Analysing a Sample and Apparatus Therefor - A method for performing photo-modification of a biological sample, the method comprising: (a) irradiating the sample; (b) detecting one or more signals based on the irradiated sample; (c) using one or more processor means to analyze the detected signals and determine one or more irradiation parameters, and, (d) returning to (a) conditioned on the irradiation parameters. Thus modifications may be determined and executed interactively as an experiment progresses, and therefore directed towards specific structures and/or events identified as of particular interest in the course of the experiment. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315120 | Focusing and positioning device for a particle-optical raster microscope - The invention relates to a focusing and positioning ancillary device for a particle-optical scanning microscope, a particle-optical scanning microscope including a corresponding positioning aid, and a method for focusing and positioning an object in a particle-optical scanning microscope. The focusing and positioning ancillary device includes an illuminating device, a camera, a display and a control unit. The illuminating device produces a collimated or focused light beam at an angle to the particle-optical beam axis which intersects the particle-optical beam axis at a predetermined position. The camera is sensitive to the wavelength of the light beam and records an image of the object, which is positioned on the object table, at a second angle to the particle-optical beam axis. The control unit produces an image captured by the camera on the display together with a marking which indicates the position of the particle-optical beam axis in the image. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315121 | Radiation detector, method of manufacturing a radiation detector and lithographic apparatus comprising a radiation detector - The invention relates to a radiation detector, a method of manufacturing a radiation detector and a lithographic apparatus comprising a radiation detector. The radiation detector has a radiation-sensitive surface. The radiation-sensitive surface is sensitive for radiation with a wavelength between 10-200 nm. The radiation detector has a silicon substrate, a dopant layer, a first electrode and a second electrode. The silicon substrate is provided in a surface area at a first surface side with doping profile of a certain conduction type. The dopant layer is provided on the first surface side of the silicon substrate. The dopant layer has a first layer of dopant material and a second layer. The second layer is a diffusion layer which is in contact with the surface area at the first surface side of the silicon substrate. The first electrode is connected to dopant layer. The second electrode is connected to the Silicon substrate. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315122 | CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EVACUATION OF THE SYSTEM - The present invention provides a charged particle beam system which can perform evacuation on an electron gun chamber or an ion-gun chamber having a non-evaporable getter pump in a short time and can maintain the ultra-high vacuum for a long time, and a technology of evacuation therefor. Provided is a charged particle beam system equipped with a charged particle optics which makes the charged particle beam emitted from a charged particle source incident on a sample and means of evacuation for evacuating the charged particle optics, characterized in that the evaporation means has: a vacuum vessel with a charged particle source disposed in the vessel; a non-evaporable getter pump which connects with the vacuum vessel through a vacuum pipe and evacuates the interior of the vacuum vessel as a subsidiary vacuum pump; a valve interposed in the vacuum pipe connecting between the vacuum vessel and the non-evaporable getter pump; a rough pumping port which is provided closer to the non-evaporable getter pump than the valve and performs rough pumping; an open and shut valve for opening and shutting the rough pumping port; and a main vacuum pump which is provided closer to the vacuum vessel than the valve and evacuates the interior of the vacuum vessel. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315123 | Optical component and method for its production - To obtain an optical component having excellent secondary optical nonlinear properties by irradiating a surface and/or inside of glass having at least one member selected from Ni, Fe, V, Cu, Cr and Mn as a heat source material for absorbing and converting a laser beam to heat, incorporated to a glass matrix comprising at least one glass-forming oxide-selected from SiO | 2008-12-25 |
20080315124 | SPACE TOLERANCE WITH STITCHING - A method for manufacturing a stitched space in a semiconductor circuit implements a photolithographic process for printing one or more image fields on a wafer surface, each image field corresponding to a portion of a circuit or device and including a space that is to be stitched in adjacent image fields. The space to be stitched that is produced from an image field is overlapped onto the space to be stitched produced from the adjacent image field, however, the overlapped space from the adjacent image fields is intentionally misaligned. The stitched space is then subject to the double light exposure dose to print the stitched space, with the result that an overlay tolerance of the stitched space is improved. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315125 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MEASURING CONTAMINATION OF A LITHOGRAPHICAL ELEMENT - A method and system for measuring contamination of a lithographic element is disclosed. In one aspect, the method comprises providing a first lithographical element in a process chamber. The method further comprises providing a second lithographical element in the process chamber. The method further comprises covering part of the first lithographical element providing a reference region. The method further comprises providing a contaminant in the process chamber. The method further comprises redirecting an exposure beam via the test region of the first lithographical element towards the second lithographical element whereby at least one of the lithographical elements gets contaminated by the contaminant. The method further comprises measuring the level of contamination of the at least one contaminated lithographical element in the process chamber. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315126 | Laser light source apparatus, exposure method, and exposure apparatus - Information on the side of the body of an exposure apparatus is effectively used on the side of the laser light source apparatus. There is provided a laser light source apparatus which supplies a laser beam to a body of an exposure apparatus which exposes a wafer, and includes a controller adjusting an operation condition of the laser light source apparatus based on exposure information about the exposure operation supplied from the body of the exposure apparatus. The exposure information is exemplified by information on the waiting time until the light emission start or light emission continuation time and the operation condition is exemplified by the gas pressure in an emission chamber in which a laser beam is emitted, the temperature in the emission chamber and a number of revolutions of a blower in the emission chamber. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315127 | Ion Implanter Operating in Pulsed Plasma Mode - The present invention relates to an ion implanter IMP comprising a pulsed plasma source SPL, a substrate-carrier tray PPS, and a power supply ALT for the tray. The implanter also includes a capacitor C connected directly to ground E and connected downstream from the tray power supply ALT. The invention also provides a method of using the implanter. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315128 | Method and Apparatus For Flattening Solid Surface - A method for flattening a sample surface by irradiating the sample surface with a gas cluster ion beam, generates clusters of source gas in a cluster generating chamber, ionizes the generated clusters in an ionization chamber, accelerates the ionized cluster beam in an electric field of an accelerating electrode, selects a cluster size using a magnetic field of a sorting mechanism, and irradiates the surface of a sample. An irradiation angle between the sample surface and the gas cluster ion beam is less than 30° and an average cluster size of the gas cluster ion beam is 50 or above. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315129 | Ion planting while growing a III-nitride layer - A method that includes implantation of dopants while a III-nitride body is being grown on a substrate, and an apparatus for the practice of the method. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315130 | FOCUSED ION BEAM PROCESSING SYSTEM AND METHOD - A focused ion beam (FIB) processing system includes a FIB irradiation unit that irradiates a FIB onto a pattern formed in a wafer, to form a section of the pattern, an imaging unit that images the section of the pattern, a calculation unit that calculates a pattern size based on the image of the section, a judgment unit that judges whether or not a differential of the pattern size with respect to time is equal to or below a threshold; and a control unit that stops the FIB irradiation unit if the judgment unit judges that the differential of the pattern size is equal to or below the threshold. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315131 | Method and Device for Characterising a Structure by Wavelength Effect in a Photoacoustic System - The invention relates to a structure characterising device comprising means which are used for generating a first pump radiation and a second probe radiation and for transmitting different wavelength radiation, means for producing a time offset between said first pump and second probe radiation on the structure by means of detecting means of said second beam after the reflection or transmission thereof to said structure in such a way that an analysis signal is generated, means for processing said signal and identifying an area corresponding to the signal jump, for determining the jump amplitude according to different wavelengths, for comparing said amplitude with a theoretical amplitude variation pattern according to the wavelengths and for determining, for the wavelength characteristic for said theoretical pattern, a characteristic value associated to the structure thickness and to the radiation propagation velocity in said structure. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315132 | Flat Uv Light Source - A flat UV light source has a tight packing of UV light-emitting diodes ( | 2008-12-25 |
20080315133 | Uv Irradiation Unit - The invention relates to a UV irradiation unit comprising a housing ( | 2008-12-25 |
20080315134 | OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR RADIATION IN THE EUV-WAVELENGTH RANGE AND METHOD FOR MEASURING A CONTAMINATION STATUS OF EUV-REFLECTIVE ELEMENTS - An optical system for radiation in the EUV wavelength range, in particular a projection exposure apparatus, having at least one vacuum vessel, including: at least one EUV-reflective optical element arranged in an optical path, and a holder which includes at least one sample element, the sample element having an optical surface which is exposed to incident EUV-radiation outside of the optical path, the sample element being sensitive to chemical alterations under influence of the incident EUV-radiation which also affect the optical element. The optical system further includes at least one detection unit for online detection of the contamination status of the sample element during exposure of the sample element to the incident EUV-radiation. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315135 | OPTICAL ENCODER AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT - This optical encoder includes a light emitting section and a plurality of light receiving elements placed so as to be aligned in one direction in an area where a light beam from the light emitting section may reach. A moving object includes a light-ON section, a light-OFF section and an index pattern section. The light receiving element outputs a first light receiving signal when the light-ON section and the light-OFF section of the moving object pass through a predetermined position corresponding to the light receiving element. The light receiving element outputs a second light receiving signal when the index pattern section of the moving object passes through a predetermined position corresponding to the light receiving element. The output section outputs an incremental channel signal indicating movement information of the moving object based on the first light receiving signal while outputting an index channel signal indicating reference position of the moving object based on the second light receiving signal. The incremental channel signal and the index channel signal are out of phase with each other. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315136 | Ultraviolet microscope apparatus - A camera obtains an observation image of a sample by capturing the image of the sample on which an ultraviolet light generated by a light source device is irradiated. An image processing unit of a controlling device generates a synthesis observation image of the sample based on a plurality of observation images of the sample, which are obtained by being captured by the camera in the same field of view with switching of the wavelength band of the ultraviolet light irradiated on the sample. A display unit of the controlling device displays the image generated by the image processing unit. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315137 | X-RAY IMAGING APPARATUS - An exemplary X-ray imaging apparatus includes an X-ray source, a phosphor layer, an optical leveling element, an image sensor, an image processor, and a display. The optical leveling element includes a plurality of lenses formed thereon. A refractive index of the plurality of the lenses progressively increases from a center of the optical leveling element to a periphery of the optical leveling element. The X-ray source is configured for emitting X-rays towards an object. The phosphor layer is configured for converting the X-rays to visible light. The phosphor layer is disposed between the X-ray source and the optical leveling element. The image sensor is configured for sensing the visible light passing through the optical leveling element, and thus capturing an image of the object. The display is electrically connected with the image processor and configured for displaying the image of the object. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315138 | Slurry Valve Clutch Mechanism - A clutch mechanism for a slurry valve, wherein the slurry valve has a valve seat for seating a valve closure member carried on a valve stem, a drive member threadably engaged with the valve stem, the drive member being rotatable relative to the valve stem to axially move the valve stem and closure member relative to the valve seat to open and close the slurry valve, and a driving means for rotating the drive member, the clutch mechanism comprising: a clutch body having an internally threaded bore for threadably receiving the valve stem; and clamping means actuable with the clutch body for clamping the clutch body to the driving means so as to lock the valve stem and drive member together and allow them to rotate in unison to grind scale from the valve seat and valve closure member when they are positioned against each other. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315139 | Variable Torque Valve Actuator - The invention provides an actuator for moving a threaded valve stem along a longitudinal axis to selectively open or close a valve. The actuator comprises a carrier rotatably mounted within a housing. A portion of the carrier has a bore threaded to receive the threaded valve stem. The actuator further comprises a gear arrangement configured for transmitting a rotational force to the carrier. A cylindrical operator rotatably mounted to the housing has a plurality of splines on its circumference and is configured for receiving a rotational input force from a drive mechanism. An annular collar slidably disposed around the operator rotates with the operator but can slide longitudinally along the operator between a first position in which it engages the gear arrangement and a second position in which it engages the carrier. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315140 | ELECTRIC SPOOL VALVE - A sleeve has an input port, an output port, an insertion hole, and only one discharge port. A spool is axially slidable through the insertion hole to communicate among the input port, the output port, and the discharge port. An electric actuator is provided to one end of the sleeve and has a variable volume chamber, which communicates with the discharge port through an axial through hole and a spool breathing hole in the spool. The spool has a communication through hole to lead fluid from the output port to the discharge port through the axial through hole. A passage partition member is in the axial through hole to define an in-spool breathing passage communicating with the spool breathing hole. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315141 | Slit Valve Door - The present invention provides a slit valve for sealing an opening in a chamber, wherein the slit valve includes a door having an interior and an exterior surface. A sealing member is disposed on the interior surface of the door near a periphery of the interior surface of the door, and a portion of the interior surface extends outwardly from the door and into the chamber so as to disrupt a flow of chemicals flowing towards the sealing member from within the chamber. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315142 | Long-stroke regulator valve with a stop function - The invention relates to a valve device comprising a valve body defining a fluid flow duct having a throttle element disposed therein and turned about its axis by actuator means via a drive shaft, the throttle element having an internal cavity defined by a circular wall that is open in its bottom portion. The circular wall also presents, over a portion of its periphery, an opening of varying shape so as to define a fluid flow passage in the duct that is variable between a fully-open position in which the opening co-operates in full with the duct, and a fully-closed position in which said circular wall closes the duct. The device further includes an annular sealing gasket disposed in the flow duct, said gasket being in contact with the wall of the internal cavity in the throttle element. The internal cavity of the throttle element is spherical in shape so that in the fully-closed position of the valve, the entire circumferential of the sealing gasket is in contact with the wall of the internal cavity of the throttle element. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315143 | BUTTERFLY VALVES - Butterfly valves are provided that include a flowbody, a butterfly plate, and a coating. The flowbody has an inner surface defining a channel. The butterfly plate is disposed in the channel, is rotationally mounted to the flowbody, and has an outer periphery. The coating is disposed on at least a portion of at least one of the flowbody inner surface and the butterfly plate outer periphery and is made of a material formulated to abrade upon friction contact with an adjacent surface and to maintain structural integrity when subjected to pneumatic forces of at least 600 psi. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315144 | Dynamic Ball Valve Sealing Device For Three-Way Valves - A ball valve having improved sealing between the valve member and the valve body is presented. Improved sealing is realized by providing a sealing member that is allowed to float on the outer surface of the valve member in the closed position. By being able to float on the outer surface, the sealing member can compensate for any variations in the valve member as a result of machining tolerances or variations in position of the valve member due to changes in pressure within the valve, thereby providing dynamic sealing The dynamic sealing is also provided by configuring the valve member such that it causes the sealing member to be exposed to a higher biasing force in the closed position than in the open position. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315145 | FLUID CONTROL VALVE DEVICE - One aspect of the present invention includes a fluid control valve device having a valve portion and a bearing portion. The valve portion is constructed with a valve seat arranged within a valve housing and a valve body, which moves towards and away from the valve seat in an axial direction. The bearing portion is configured to accommodate a bearing and a seal. The bearing supports a valve shaft that extends together with the valve body. The seal is attached around a valve shaft in order to prevent fluid from entering the bearing portion. A surface of the valve shaft, at least a portion that slidably contacts the seal, may have a hydrophobic property. Peripheral grooves may be formed in an inner circumferential surface of the valve housing at a position proximal to the valve portion on an upstream side and/or a downstream side. The grooves open toward a side opposing to the valve seat in a flow direction. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315146 | FAUCET - A faucet includes a first valve plate comprising a base material and a strengthening layer provided above the base material. An amorphous diamond material is provided above the strengthening layer. The amorphous diamond material has a coefficient of friction that is lower than that of diamond-like carbon and has a hardness that is greater than that of diamond-like carbon. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315147 | PERFLUOROALKYL SUBSTITUTED ACRYLATE MONOMERS AND POLYMERS THEREOF - Fluoroalkyl amidoalkyl alcohols of the formula | 2008-12-25 |
20080315148 | Rubber Compound - A method for producing a rubber compound wherein the mechanical properties thereof are improved. In particular, the rubber compound has an increased elongation at rupture and/or increased tensile strength and/or increased tear strength and also a reduced compression set (DVR). The rubber compound includes a rubber which has at least two functional groups which can be cross-linked by hydrosilylation, a cross-linking agent consisting of hydrosiloxane or a hydrosiloxane derivative or a mixture of several hydrosiloxanes or derivatives, which include at least two SiH-groups per molecule in the centre, a hydrosilylation catalyst system, at least one filling material and a coagent which can be cross-linked by hydrosilylation. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315149 | HEAT TRANSFER AND REFRIGERANT COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-NONAFLUORO-1-HEXENE AND A HYDROCARBON - The present invention relates to: | 2008-12-25 |
20080315150 | Antifreeze Material for Outdoor Sites, Typically Roads - Antifreeze material typically for outdoor constructions, such as roads and the like, comprising a loose material of generally granular form and generally porous structure which does not degrade in the presence of water and does not immediately completely disaggregate when subjected to compressive action due to treading and/or tyre rolling thereon, and which is impregnated by a generally water-soluble antifreezing product. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315151 | Method of producing lower alcohols from glycerol - A reactive-separation process converts glycerin into lower alcohols, having boiling points less than 200° C., at high yields. Conversion of natural glycerin to propylene glycol through an acetol intermediate is achieved at temperatures from 150° to 250° C. at pressures from 1 and 25 bar. The preferred applications of the propylene glycol are as an antifreeze, deicing compound, or anti-icing compound. The preferred catalyst for this process in a copper-chromium. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315152 | HEAT TRANSFER FLUID - A heat transfer fluid comprised of glycerin. A method of using the heat transfer fluid to heat or cool an object. A method of using the heat transfer fluid in a heating or cooling system to heat or cool a building. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315153 | POLISHING FLUIDS AND METHODS FOR CMP - Provided are several polishing compositions useful for modifying a surface, such as a semiconductor wafer suitable for fabrication of a semiconductor device, especially when used in fixed abrasive planarization techniques. The polishing compositions include a synergistic mixture of water, an oxidizing agent, a complexing agent, and metal ions. Also provided are various methods of surface planarization. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315154 | POLISHING FLUIDS AND METHODS FOR CMP - Provided are several polishing compositions useful for modifying a surface, such as a semiconductor wafer suitable for fabrication of a semiconductor device, especially when used in fixed abrasive planarization techniques. The polishing compositions include a synergistic mixture of water, an oxidizing agent, a complexing agent, and metal ions. Also provided are various methods of surface planarization. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315155 | Diamines Having Reduced Color - This invention provides compositions which comprise at least one aromatic secondary diamine having a Gardner color number no more than about 6. The aromatic secondary diamine either is in the form of one benzene ring having two secondary amino groups on the ring, or is in the form of two benzene rings connected by an alkylene bridge and having one secondary amino group on each ring. At least one N,N′-dihydrocarbylhydroxylamine is optionally present in the composition. Processes for producing such compositions are also provided. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315156 | Polymeric Material - A composition comprises a first polymeric material having a melt viscosity of 0.15 kNsm | 2008-12-25 |
20080315157 | Liquid-Crystalline Medium - The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds which comprises at least one compound of the formula (I) in which R | 2008-12-25 |
20080315158 | Process For Obtaining Hydrogen From Natural Gas - The invention relates to a process for obtaining hydrogen from natural gas which comprises (a) reacting the natural gas with a mixture of air and steam in a single reactor to obtain a gas comprising H | 2008-12-25 |
20080315159 | Method for producing conductive thermoplastic elastomer composition and conductive roller composed of same - A conductive thermoplastic elastomer composition including a continuous phase and first and second uncontinuous phases. The continuous phase and the first and second uncontinuous phases form a sea-island structure; and the first and second uncontinuous phases independently forming island structures. In this structure, the continuous phase contains a composition (A) which is a mixture of a thermoplastic elastomer and a thermoplastic resin; the first continuous phase contains a rubber component (B) containing at least one of diene rubber and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber; and the second continuous phase contains an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether copolymer containing an anion-containing salt having a fluoro group and a sulfonyl group (component (C)). | 2008-12-25 |
20080315160 | Gallium Containing Zinc Oxide - It is an object of the present invention to provide a gallium containing zinc oxide with an improved heat ray shielding function while keeping high transparency to visible light rays. The present invention is directed to a gallium containing zinc oxide, which has a heat ray shielding function, a gallium content of in the range of 0.25 to 25% by weight, and a carrier electron density n | 2008-12-25 |
20080315161 | Electrochemical Device-Oriented Electrode Material and Production Method Thereof , as Well as Electrochemical Device-Oriented Electrode and Electochemical Device - It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrochemical device adopting lithium titanate as an active material and having a sufficient output characteristic. It is another object of the present invention to provide a production method of an electrode material, an electrode, and a production method of the electrode material, to be used for the device. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315162 | High adhesion acrylate coating for a photochromic ophthalmic lens - A method and coating used to prepare a photochromically-enabled bifocal ophthalmic lens. The coating is a high adhesive strength acrylate-based coating that contains a small quantity of a polycarbonate-based TPU. The coating is applied to produce an intermediate imbibable bifocal surface. A photochromic solution is subsequently imbibed by contact with the bifocal surface. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315163 | Building Material - Building material for use in the building industry. According to the invention, the building material comprises at least one thermochromic material which changes colour and/or transparency depending on a switching temperature, the colour and/or transparency changing occurring in the temperature range of the lower and/or upper processing temperature of the building material and/or the processing temperature of another building material to be processed with the claimed building material. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315164 | Flame-retardant prepreg - A flame-retardant prepreg includes: a fibrous reinforcing material; and a flame-retardant composition having an epoxy equivalent weight ranging from 190-270g/eq, and including an epoxy resin, a flame-retardant inorganic agent, a thermoplastic resin, and a curing agent. The flame-retardant inorganic agent is in an amount ranging from 12 to 18 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the flame-retardant composition. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315165 | PANEL REMOVAL TOOL AND METHOD - A panel removal tool includes a plastic handle, a forked portion at a first end of said plastic handle, wherein said forked portion further comprises a fulcrum, and a blade portion at a second end of said plastic handle, said second end being opposite said first end. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315166 | Collapsible pump jack - The collapsible pump jack includes a pole formed from a plurality of pipe segments having swaged ends that telescope into one another. An M-shaped base supports the pole in an upright position. A ratcheting chain hoist has a hook for attaching the hoist atop the pole. The chain has another hook for attachment to the vehicle being lifted out of a rut in the snow or other terrain. The base is foldable from an M-shape pole mounting position to a rectangular tube storage position to surround the pole segments for storage and transport. The collapsible pump jack provides a lightweight, compact, portable accessory for lifting an end of a snowmobile, ATV, or other off-road vehicle to extricate the vehicle when it is stuck in snow or rugged terrain. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315167 | Engagement chain type hoisting and lowering device - An engagement chain type hoisting and lowering device is disclosed, including a hoisting and lowering table attached to the upper end of hoisting and lowering driving engagement chains. The engagement chains are raised and lowered by a pair of hoisting and lowering sprockets driven by a driving motor. The driving motor is located in a peripheral area spaced apart from the lowest lowered position of the hoisting and lowering table. In so doing, the lowest position of the hoisting and lowering table is lowered, reducing the burden of loading and unloading items onto the hoisting and lowering table, and making maintenance safe and simple. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315168 | Engagement chain type hoisting and lowering device - An engagement chain type hoisting and lowering device is disclosed, having a hoisting and lowering table attached to the upper end of two or more pairs of hoisting and lowering driving engagement chains. A driving motor drives two pairs of hoisting and lowering sprockets which, in turn, raise or lower two pairs of hoisting and lowering driving engagement chains. By arranging two pairs of hoisting and lowering driving engagement chains on two opposed sides of the hoisting and lowering table, buckling of the hoisting and lowering driving engagement chains is suppressed, resulting in stable hoisting and lowering operations without slippage of articles on the hoisting and lowering table, and chain endurance is improved. The device is designed so that the lowest position of the hoisting and lowering table can be lower than the height of the peripherally located driving motor, for ease and safety of operation and maintenance. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315169 | Fencing and Fencing Mountings - The invention provides a temporary fence including a barrier assembly comprising one or more posts ( | 2008-12-25 |
20080315170 | Quantum coherent switch utilizing commensurate nanoelectrode and charge density periodicities - A quantum coherent switch having a substrate formed from a density wave (DW) material capable of having a periodic electron density modulation or spin density modulation, a dielectric layer formed onto a surface of the substrate that is orthogonal to an intrinsic wave vector of the DW material; and structure for applying an external spatially periodic electrostatic potential over the dielectric layer. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315171 | INTEGRATED CIRCUIT INCLUDING VERTICAL DIODE - An integrated circuit includes a diode including a first polarity region and a second polarity region. The second polarity region contacts a bottom and sidewalls of the first polarity region. The integrated circuit includes a first electrode coupled to the diode, a second electrode, and resistivity changing material between the first electrode and the second electrode. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315172 | INTEGRATED CIRCUIT INCLUDING VERTICAL DIODE - An integrated circuit includes a vertical diode defined by crossed line lithography. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315173 | INTEGRATED CIRCUIT HAVING MULTILAYER ELECTRODE - An integrated circuit includes a contact and a first electrode coupled to the contact. The first electrode includes at least two electrode material layers. The at least two electrode material layers include different materials. The integrated circuit includes a second electrode and a resistivity changing material between the first electrode and the second electrode. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315174 | VARIABLE RESISTANCE NON-VOLATILE MEMORY CELLS AND METHODS OF FABRICATING SAME - Methods of fabricating integrated circuit memory cells and integrated circuit memory cells are disclosed. An integrated circuit memory cell can be fabricated by forming a cup-shaped electrode on sidewalls of an opening in an insulation layer and through the opening on an ohmic layer that is stacked on a conductive structure. An insulation filling member is formed that at least partially fills an interior of the electrode. The insulation filling member is formed within a range of temperatures that is sufficiently low to not substantially change resistance of the ohmic layer. A variable resistivity material is formed on the insulation filling member and is electrically connected to the electrode. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315175 | ALIGNMENT, TRANSPORTATION AND INTEGRATION OF NANOWIRES USING OPTICAL TRAPPING - Individually trapping, transferring, and assembling high-aspect-ratio semiconductor nanowires into arbitrary structures in a fluid environment. Nanowires with diameters as small as 20 nm and aspect ratios of above 100 can be trapped and transported in three dimensions, enabling the construction of nanowire architectures which may function as active photonic devices. Moreover, nanowire structures can now be assembled in physiological environments. In one aspect, nanowires are positioned to direct light to remote samples, reducing exposure of the overall sample to intense source illumination. A tunable nanowire probe for subwavelength imaging is also described utilizing efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) whose optical frequency conversion allows implementing subwavelength microscopes. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315176 | Light-Emitting Diode and Method For Fabrication Thereof - A light-emitting diode includes a substrate, a compound semiconductor layer including a p-n junction-type light-emitting part formed on the substrate, an electric conductor disposed on the compound semiconductor layer and formed of an electrically conductive material optically transparent to the light emitted from the light-emitting part and a high resistance layer possessing higher resistance than the electric conductor and provided in the middle between the compound semiconductor layer and the electric conductor. In the configuration of a light-emitting diode lamp, the electric conductor and the electrode disposed on the semiconductor layer on the side opposite to the electric conductor across the light-emitting layer are made to assume an equal electric potential by means of wire bonding. The light-emitting diode abounds in luminance and excels in electrostatic breakdown voltage. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315177 | LIGHT EMISSION USING QUANTUM DOT EMITTERS IN A PHOTONIC CRYSTAL - Devices and methods of manufacturing; for emitting substantially white light using a photonic crystal are described. The photonic crystal has a lattice of air holes and is made from a substrate containing quantum dots. The substrate is etched with three defects that are optically coupled together so that each emits only certain frequencies of light. In combination, the defects can produce substantially white light. The parameters of the photonic crystal are dimensioned so as to cause the coupling between the defects to produce substantially white light. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315178 | SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE - A semiconductor light emitting device is provided. The semiconductor light emitting device comprises: a first conductive semiconductor layer; an active layer on the first conductive semiconductor layer; a first quantum dot layer on the active layer; and a second conductive semiconductor layer on the first quantum dot layer. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315179 | SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE - Provided is a semiconductor light emitting device. The semiconductor light emitting device comprises a first conductive type semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second conductive type semiconductor layer. The active layer comprises a first active layer, a second active layer, an electron barrier layer on the first conductive type semiconductor layer. The first active layer and the second active layer comprise a quantum well layer and a quantum barrier layer. The electron barrier layer is formed between the first active layer and the second active layer. The second conductive type semiconductor layer is formed on the active layer. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315180 | SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE - Provided is a semiconductor light emitting device. The semiconductor light emitting device comprises a first conductive type semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second conductive type semiconductor layer. The active layer comprises a quantum barrier layer and a quantum well layer on the first conductive type semiconductor layer. An indium (In) composition ratio of the quantum well layer is changed in a graded manner. The second conductive type semiconductor layer is disposed on the active layer. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315181 | Nanotube schottky diodes for high-frequency applications - Described is a Schottky diode using semi-conducting single-walled nanotubes (s-SWNTs) with titanium Schottky and platinum Ohmic contacts for high-frequency applications. The diodes are fabricated using angled evaporation of dissimilar metal contacts over an s-SWNT. The devices demonstrate rectifying behavior with large reverse-bias breakdown voltages of greater than −15 V. In order to decrease the series resistance, multiple SWNTs are grown in parallel in a single device, and the metallic tubes are burnt-out selectively. At low biases, these diodes showed ideality factors in the range of 1.5 to 1.9. Modeling of these diodes as direct detectors at room temperature at 2.5 terahertz (THz) frequency indicates noise equivalent powers (NEP) comparable to that of the state-of-the-art gallium arsenide sold-state Schottky diodes, in the range of 10-13 W/square-root (√) Hz. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315182 | Optical semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same - There is provided an optical semiconductor device having a first optical semiconductor element including an InP substrate, a lower cladding layer formed on the InP substrate, a lower optical guide layer which is formed on the lower cladding layer and is composed of AlGaInAs, an active layer which is formed on the lower optical guide layer and has a multiple quantum well structure where a well layer and a barrier layer that is formed of AlGaInAs are alternately stacked, an upper optical guide layer which is formed on the active layer and is composed of InGaAsP, and an upper cladding layer formed on the upper optical guide layer. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315183 | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE WITH CARBON NANOTUBE CHANNEL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF - A high-performance semiconductor device having a channel region structured from a carbon nanotube (CNT) for reducing or minimizing a drain leakage current is provided. This semiconductor device includes, in addition to the CNT-formed channel region, a gate electrode formed to overlie the channel region with a gate insulation film sandwiched therebetween, and a pair of source and drain regions interposing the channel region therebetween. The source and drain regions have portions in contact with the channel region, which portions are made of a specific semiconductor material that is wider in energy band gap than the channel region. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315184 | Switching Element - A switching element comprising: an insulative substrate; a first electrode and a second electrode provided on one surface of the insulative substrate; and an interelectrode gap which is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and which has a gap on the order of nanometers in which switching phenomenon of resistance occurs by applying predetermined voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the one surface of the insulative substrate contains nitrogen. | 2008-12-25 |
20080315185 | Photodetector - A photodetector comprising: at least one electron transporting organic material; and at least one hole transporting material, wherein said at least one electron transporting organic material has an ionization potential of more than 5.5 eV. | 2008-12-25 |