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49th week of 2009 patent applcation highlights part 16
Patent application numberTitlePublished
20090294665Scanning electron microscope and similar apparatus - To provide a scanning electron microscope that can detect with high efficiency the secondary electrons generated from the entire surface of a target, in a scanning electron microscope with an objective lens having a retarding electric field near a sample, at least two detectors are arranged with axial symmetry to electron optical axis, a target that causes secondary electrons or reflected electrons to collide with the target is disposed near the detectors, and at least one electrode member having a negative potential lower than a potential of the target is formed almost with axial symmetry to the electron optical axis.2009-12-03
20090294666IR Camera and Method for Presenting IR Information2009-12-03
20090294667METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DETECTING CONCEALED OBJECTS - Methods and systems for detecting the presence of concealed objects that can be utilized at locations where conventional methods cannot be utilized are disclosed. One embodiment of the method of these teachings for detecting the presence of concealed objects uses thermal radiation of a body as a source of radiation. Other embodiments include portable and handheld systems, devices, methods, and apparatus to determine the presence of a concealed object.2009-12-03
20090294668Focusing and sensing apparatus, methods, and systems - Apparatus, methods, and systems provide focusing, focus-adjusting, and sensing. In some approaches the focus-adjusting includes providing an extended depth of focus greater than a nominal depth of focus. In some approaches the focus-adjusting includes focus-adjusting with a transformation medium, where the transformation medium may include an artificially-structured material such as a metamaterial.2009-12-03
20090294669SURFACE CONTAMINATION EXAMINING DEVICE AND METHOD - A surface contamination examining device includes a radiation detector 2009-12-03
20090294670Microwave sensor - One embodiment is provided with a movement distance measuring means (2009-12-03
20090294671Target brightness - An infrared measurement method and device is described having light projecting target sighting means. Changing the sighting display controls brightness of the sighted target. Automatic brightness control of the target is provided by a light sensor and/or according to target distance. Switching the display light into different patterns changes brightness, which is also changed by changing the electrical supply to the sighting light and by optical attenuation of the sighting light.2009-12-03
20090294672METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ACID NUMBER AND NAPHTHENIC ACID NUMBER OF PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM CUTS AND PETROLEUM EMULSIONS OF WATER-IN-OIL TYPE BY MID-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY - The present invention relates to a method for the determination of the total acid number and naphthenic acid number of petroleum, petroleum cuts and petroleum emulsions of water-in-oil type by mid-infrared spectroscopy utilising correlation between data gathered by means of absorption spectrums obtained with a Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer operating in the mid-infrared band equipped with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory, and acidity results obtained through reference methods utilising a multivariate regression model.2009-12-03
20090294673High-volume on-line spectroscopic composition testing of manufactured pharmaceutical dosage units - Disclosed are pharmaceutical dosage unit manufacturing process control apparatus and methods. These can include acquiring a plurality of multi-pixel images of a flow of pharmaceutical dosage units at different wavelengths along an axis that is perpendicular to a direction of the flow of pharmaceutical dosage units, processing the images acquired in the step of acquiring, and providing an indication about the flow of pharmaceutical dosage units based on the step of processing.2009-12-03
20090294674Method and Device for Eliminating Parasite Reflections During Inspection of Translucent or Transparent Hollow Objects - The invention relates to a process for inspecting, by means of at least one sensor (2009-12-03
20090294675SECURE ENCLOSURE - A system is provided for detecting when an enclosure having a body and a removable cover is opened. The system comprises a light source for generating a light beam, a light detector for detecting the light beam, and at least one reflector all mounted inside the enclosure. The reflector reflects the light beam along a predetermined pathway toward the light detector when the removable cover is closed over the body.2009-12-03
20090294676COOLING DEVICE AND COOLING METHOD - The present invention provides a cooling device that can cool an electronic device in a short amount of time. When an electronic cassette has been accommodated in a housing device, the cooling device performs heat absorption by spraying an antiseptic liquid from nozzles onto the electronic cassette.2009-12-03
20090294677METHOD FOR SIGNAL INTENSITY CORRECTION IN WAVEGUIDE SENSORS - Methods are provided for enhancing the detection of analytes with waveguides by accounting for cumulative light absorptions attributable to the presence of one or more analytes in a sample as well as the waveguide material.2009-12-03
20090294678RADIATION DIRECTIONAL FINDER AND ISOTOPE IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM - A system and method determine a direction associated with gamma and/or neutron radiation emissions. A first radiation photon count associated with a first detector in a detector set is received from the first detector. The first radiation photon count is associated with at least one radiation source. A second radiation photon count associated with a second detector in the detector set is received from the second detector. The first radiation photon count is compared to the second radiation photon count. One of the first detector and the second detector is identified to have detected a larger number of radiation photons than the other. The at least one radiation source is determined to be substantially in a direction in which the one of the first detector and the second detector that has detected the larger number of radiation photons is facing.2009-12-03
20090294679RADIATION IMAGING APPARATUS, ITS CONTROL METHOD, AND RECORDING MEDIUM STORING PROGRAM FOR EXECUTING THE CONTROL METHOD - To provide a radiation imaging apparatus capable of restraining the change of image qualities due to the change of sensitivities of an MIS-type photoelectric conversion element and its control method. Therefore, an MIS-type photoelectric conversion element 2009-12-03
20090294680ENERGY RESOLUTION IN SEMICONDUCTOR GAMMA RADIATION DETECTORS USING HETEROJUNCTIONS AND METHODS OF USE AND PREPARATION THEREOF - In one embodiment, a system comprises a semiconductor gamma detector material and a hole blocking layer adjacent the gamma detector material, the hole blocking layer resisting passage of holes therethrough. In another embodiment, a system comprises a semiconductor gamma detector material, and an electron blocking layer adjacent the gamma detector material, the electron blocking layer resisting passage of electrons therethrough, wherein the electron blocking layer comprises undoped HgCdTe. In another embodiment, a method comprises forming a hole blocking layer adjacent a semiconductor gamma detector material, the hole blocking layer resisting passage of holes therethrough. Additional systems and methods are also presented.2009-12-03
20090294681Radiation Detector with Dual-Speed Scintillator - An apparatus for detecting radiation includes a dual-speed scintillator for receiving the radiation and emitting secondary radiation in response thereto, and detectors in communication with the dual-speed scintillator for receiving the secondary radiation.2009-12-03
20090294682Scintillator and Methods of Making and Using Same - A scintillation array and methods of making and using are provided. The array may be a flexible array that can be arranged into two or more flexible configurations. The array may be positioned around a portion of an object so that the array pixels are equidistant from the center or surface of the object.2009-12-03
20090294683Curved Scintillation Crystal Array - Partially and completely curved and spherical scintillation arrays are described. These arrays can provide improved imaging of a variety of subjects and objects.2009-12-03
20090294684ULTRAVIOLET INTENSITY DETECTING METHOD, FABRICATING DISPLAY APPARATUS METHOD AND DISPLAY APPARATUS USING THE SAME - A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus is used for detecting an ultraviolet (UV) intensity. The display apparatus includes a lower-substrate, an upper-substrate and a processing unit. The lower-substrate includes a first, a second and a third photo sensors for detecting an intensity of the light in a first, a second and a third bands and converting the intensity of the light in the first, the second and the third bands into a first, a second and a third currents respectively, wherein the ranges of the second and the third bands are comprised within the range of the first band. The upper-substrate is disposed opposite to the lower-substrate. The processing unit is coupled to the first, the second and the third photo sensors, for receiving and processing the first, the second and the third currents so as to obtain the UV intensity.2009-12-03
20090294685SYSTEM FOR OVERLAY MEASUREMENT IN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING - Provided is a system for overlay measurement in semiconductor manufacturing that includes a generator for exposing an overlay target to radiation and a detector for detecting reflected beams of the overlay target. The reflected beams are for overlay measurement and include at least two different beams.2009-12-03
20090294686METHOD FOR MONITORING AN UNKNOWN CONTAINER OR THE CONTENTS IN A VOLUME, MONITORING SYSTEM FOR BEING USED WITH SAID METHOD, AND RADIATION DETECTOR FOR SUCH A MONITORING SYSTEM - A method for monitoring a container or the contents in a volume (2009-12-03
20090294687Three modes particle detector - The invention discloses a charged particle detecting apparatus for detecting positive ions, negative ions and electrons emitted from a sample, the apparatus comprising a housing, defining a chamber in its interior, which is confined by conductive walls, and has an opening to the outside of said housing; a grid for selectively attracting charged particles, wherein the grid is electrically biasable with respect to said housing and functionally aligned with said opening; a converter arrangement with a converter surface, which is electrically biasable with respect to the grid and with respect to the housing, and which is positioned such that charged particles attracted into the chamber by the grid impact on the converter surface; an electron detector, which is biasable with respect to the converter surface in such a way that electrons emitted from the converter surface impact on the electron detector.2009-12-03
20090294688Ultraviolet Radiation Treatment System - Apparatus for treating a fluid with UV light which comprises or includes apparatus to confine a flow path of the fluid to be treated between an inner boundary defining tube (“inner tube”) transparent to the UV light and an outer boundary defining tube (“outer tube”) transparent to the UV light, and a UV light emitting device interiorly of the inner tube, and at least one UV light emitting device from outside of the outer tube.2009-12-03
20090294689FLUID TREATMENT SYSTEM - There is described a fluid treatment system which may which may be used with radiation sources that do not require a protective sleeve—e.g., excimer radiation sources. An advantage of the present fluid system treatment is that the radiation sources may be removed from the fluid treatment zone without necessarily having to shut down the fluid treatment system, remove the fluid, break the seals which retain fluid tightness, replace/service radiation source and than reverse the steps. Instead, the present fluid treatment system allows for service/replacement of the radiation sources in the fluid treatment zone during operation of the fluid treatment system.2009-12-03
20090294690METHOD OF FORMING TEM SAMPLE HOLDER - A TEM sample holder is formed from at least one nano-manipulator probe tip and a TEM sample holder pre-form. The probe tip is permanently attached to the TEM sample-holder pre-form to create a TEM sample holder before attachment of a sample to the point of the probe tip inside a FIB. In the preferred embodiment the probe tip is attached to the TEM sample holder pre-form by applying pressure to the pre-form and the probe tip, so as to cause plastic flow of the pre-form material about the probe tip. The TEM sample holder may have smaller dimensions than the TEM sample holder pre-form; in this case the TEM sample holder is cut from the larger TEM sample holder pre-form, preferably in the same operation as attaching the probe tip.2009-12-03
20090294691Method for Improving the Detection of Fluorescence Signals During a Resonance Energy Transfer - The invention concerns the use of the fluorescence polarization phenomenon to improve detection of fluorescent signals during a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). In particular, the invention concerns a method for improving signal/noise ratio in a FRET measurement. The invention also concerns an apparatus for measuring fluorescence following an energy transfer between a donor fluorescent compound and an acceptor fluorescence compound in a measurement medium.2009-12-03
20090294692PLASMONIC ASSISTED SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INTERIOR ENERGY-ACTIVATION FROM AN EXTERIOR SOURCE - A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.2009-12-03
20090294693APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPTICAL EXAMINATION OF DOCUMENTS - An apparatus for optical examination of documents. The apparatus includes a light source, a viewing unit having a window through which light emitted from the light source exits for examination of documents by an observer. A method for optical examination of a document. The method steps include: providing a light source; emitting light from the light source into a viewing unit; emitting light from the viewing unit through a window; applying fluid to a document to be viewed; and, bringing the document into contact with the window such that an observer can examine the document.2009-12-03
20090294694Luminescence Microscopy with Enhanced Resolution - The invention is directed to a resolution-enhanced luminescence microscopy method in which a sample is excited to the emission of luminescence radiation through irradiation by excitation radiation, and an image of the luminescing sample is acquired. A first partial volume of the sample is irradiated by a first laser radiation field of the excitation radiation, and a second partial volume of the sample is irradiated by a second laser radiation field of the excitation radiation. The first partial volume of the sample and the second partial volume of the sample overlap one another partially but not completely. Only the first laser radiation field is modulated with a first frequency, and luminescence radiation is detected from the first partial volume of the sample with modulation filtering so that luminescence radiation from the second partial volume of the sample is suppressed.2009-12-03
20090294695Sample Plate Designs for MALDI and DESI for Molecular Imaging of Coated Medical Devices on the Applied Biosystems Qstar/Voyager MALDI Mass Spectrometer - Holding devices for securely holding medical devices, such as stents, are utilized in performing molecular imaging of the medical devices.2009-12-03
20090294696CURING OF PHOTO-CURABLE PRINTING PLATES WITH FLAT TOPS OR ROUND TOPS - An apparatus for curing a printing plate made of or having photo-curable material, a method of curing such a printing plate, and a printing plate cured by the method. One embodiment of the method includes curing a printing plate made of or having photo-curable material thereon. The method includes producing light energy on part of the printing plate using a light exposure unit capable of generating at least a first illumination intensity and a second illumination intensity, such that curing can produce printing features on the plate that can be switched to have either flat tops or round tops according to the illumination intensity output by the light exposure unit.2009-12-03
20090294697Charged particle beam apparatus - The present invention provides a charged particle beam apparatus that keeps the degree of vacuum in the vicinity of the electron source to ultra-high vacuum such as 102009-12-03
20090294698CONTROL OF PARTICLES ON SEMICONDUCTOR WAFERS WHEN IMPLANTING BORON HYDRIDES - A method for reducing particle contamination during implantation of ions comprises providing an implantation system for implanting ions into a workpiece via an ion beam, wherein one or more components are under selective vacuum and have one or more contaminants in a first state disposed thereon. A gas is introduced to the implantation system, wherein the gas generally reacts with at least a portion of the one or more contaminants, therein transforming the at least a portion of the one or more contaminants into a second state The at least a portion of the one or more contaminants in the second state remain disposed on the one or more components, and wherein the at least a portion of the second state of the one or more contaminants generally does not produce particle contamination on the one or more workpieces.2009-12-03
20090294699METHOD FOR INFLUENCING AN ENERGY STATE OF A RADIATION SOURCE - A method is provided for influencing an energy state of a radiation source. In order to provide a method that in a simple manner influences the energy state of a radiation source in a high-pressure metal vapour lamp, for the increase or decrease of the energy of the radiation source at least one energy sink is introduced into the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic radiation the radiation sources.2009-12-03
20090294700Apparatus and method for transporting radiopharmaceuticals - A method and apparatus for transporting radiopharmaceuticals. Typically, the apparatus is a two-part assembly, each part having an exterior shell, a radiation shield and a non-porous lining. Additionally, the assembled apparatus has a sealed internal chamber suitable for carrying a syringe or a sharps container containing a syringe. The internal chamber of the radiopharmaceutical pig is lined with a non-porous lining, typically a durable plastic, that prevents contamination of the radiopharmaceutical doses, the radiation shield, or the environment. Additionally, the non-porous lining can be quickly and easily cleaned and sterilized, avoiding the often difficult, to impossible, task of cleaning and sterilizing the radiation shield of the radiopharmaceutical pig. The non-porous lining is surrounded by a radiation shield that is typically comprised of elemental lead. The radiation shield prevents radiation from the radiopharmaceutical from contaminating the user or environment. The radiation shield is surrounded by an exterior shell that absorbs impact and prevents the radiopharmaceutical pig from breaking. Additionally, the exterior shell prevents environmental exposure to the potentially hazardous material of the radiation shield. Generally, a method of transporting a radiopharmaceutical by filling the container with a radiopharmaceutical, inserting the container into the internal chamber of the radiopharmaceutical pig having a non-porous lining, and assembling the radiopharmaceutical pig so the that the container is in the internal chamber and is encapsulated by the radiation shield, is also provided.2009-12-03
20090294701Image reading apparatus and image reading method for effectively performing shading compensation - When reading the first document sheet, light intensity reference data is acquired by sampling a white reference plate while acquiring light intensity reference auxiliary data indicative of the light intensity of a light source lamp by sampling an auxiliary white reference plate. Then, just before reading the second or subsequent sheet, the auxiliary white reference plate is sampled to acquire the latest light intensity auxiliary data, followed by calculating the change amount from the light intensity reference auxiliary data. The change amount is used to correct the light intensity reference data separately for each picture element by referring to the profile data in which is stored the change amount of the sample value of each picture element corresponding to the change amount of the light intensity, followed by performing the shading compensation. By this configuration, it is possible to perform shading compensation in correspondence with the actual light intensity reduction.2009-12-03
20090294702OPTICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT, AND WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION METHOD AND OPTICAL MEASURING METHOD FOR LIGHT DETECTOR - An optical measuring instrument includes: a flow channel for allowing a specimen to be circulated therein; a first light source including a light emitting diode for emitting light to be used for optical adjustment and/or image confirmation in the flow channel; a second light source for irradiating light upon the specimen circulated in the flow channel; and a light detector for detecting the spectrum intensity of the light emitted from the first and second light sources.2009-12-03
20090294703OPTICAL LENS SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES - An apparatus for imaging one or more selected fluorescence indications from a microfluidic device. The apparatus includes an imaging path coupled to least one chamber in at least one microfluidic device. The imaging path provides for transmission of one or more fluorescent emission signals derived from one or more samples in the at least one chamber of the at least one microfluidic device. The chamber has a chamber size, the chamber size being characterized by an actual spatial dimension normal to the imaging path. The apparatus also includes an optical lens system coupled to the imaging path. The optical lens system is adapted to transmit the one or more fluorescent signals associated with the chamber.2009-12-03
20090294704Active millimeter wave imaging system and method - A system and method for millimeter wave imaging, comprises at least one illumination source (2009-12-03
20090294705Radiation detector - A radiation detector is constituted by: a recording photoconductive layer; and electrodes provided on both sides of the photoconductive layer. Electric charges, which are generated within the recording photoconductive layer when radiation is irradiated thereon while a predetermined biasing voltage is being applied between the electrodes, are read out as electric signals. The recording photoconductive layer is formed by amorphous selenium that contains alkali metal elements within a range from 0.0007 atomic ppm to 0.0035 atomic ppm.2009-12-03
20090294706Apparatus for Reading out X-Ray Information Stored in Storage Phosphor Plates - An apparatus (2009-12-03
20090294707Apparatus for Reading out X-Ray Information Stored in Storage Phosphor Plates - An apparatus (2009-12-03
20090294708Device for Reading Out Exposed Imaging Plates - A combined device (2009-12-03
20090294709TWO STEP VALVE ACTUATOR - A valve is provided including a first valve member and a second valve member. The first valve member includes a first step and a first orifice adjacent the first step. The second valve member includes a second step and a second orifice adjacent the second step. The second valve member is movable relative to the first valve member between an open position, in which the first orifice is fluidly connected the second orifice, and a closed position, in which the first orifice is substantially fluidly disconnected from the second orifice. The first and second steps are fluidly connected to the second orifice and substantially fluidly disconnected from the first orifice when the second valve member is in the closed position, and the first and second steps are fluidly connected to the first and second orifices when the second valve member is in the open position.2009-12-03
20090294710HYDRAULIC SYSTEM - A valve is provided including a first valve member and a second valve member. The first valve member includes a first step and a first orifice adjacent the first step. The second valve member includes a second step and a second orifice adjacent the second step. The second valve member is movable relative to the first valve member between an open position, in which the first orifice is fluidly connected the second orifice, and a closed position, in which the first orifice is substantially fluidly disconnected from the second orifice. The first and second steps are fluidly connected to the second orifice and substantially fluidly disconnected from the first orifice when the second valve member is in the closed position, and the first and second steps are fluidly connected to the first and second orifices when the second valve member is in the open position.2009-12-03
20090294711CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR FREEING AN EGR VALVE FROM CONTAMINATION ADHESION - A method of controlling a device having restricted movement. A controller is provided for controlling the operation of the device using a control algorithm. A normal operation control method is programmed onto the controller and is selectively activated by the controller to generate a normal control signal. A forcing control method is also programmed into the controller and selectively activates a forcing control signal. The normal operation control signal provides regular operation of the device, while the forcing control signal causes the device to operate in a manner that will correct the operation of the device when a restricted motion of the device is detected.2009-12-03
20090294712HIGH FLOW PROPORTIONAL VALVE - In one embodiment of the invention, a valve apparatus is provided to proportionally control fluid flow. The valve apparatus includes a housing having a valve body with an inlet port having a valve seat and an outlet port; a valve assembly including an armature, a movable fluid control member, and at least one spring biasing the valve assembly into a closed position, a diaphragm in contact with the valve seat of the inlet port when the valve is in the closed position, and a poppet plate backing the diaphragm, in contact with the fluid control member and extending beyond the valve seat on the inlet port. The valve apparatus also has a solenoid assembly including an electromagnetic coil and a pole piece, the solenoid moves the armature when energized to allow fluid to flow through the valve apparatus.2009-12-03
20090294713Flow rate control valve - For stable use in a marine container, a flow rate control valve (2009-12-03
20090294714AIR VALVE ADJUSTING SWITCH ASSEMBLY - The present invention discloses an air valve adjusting switch assembly including a valve body, an air valve adjusting pipe, an adjusting bolt, an airtight ring and a screw cap. With the geometric shapes of the air valve adjusting pipe and the adjusting bolt, the airtight ring installed onto the adjusting bolt is in contact with the internal wall of the air valve adjusting pipe to achieve a totally airtight effect and adjusting the level of airtightness.2009-12-03
20090294715CENTRELINE FLOW VALVE2009-12-03
20090294716QUICK DISCONNECT UTILIZING GUILLOTINE VALVES - A quick disconnect valve including a first connector with a first shutoff gate and a second connector with a second shutoff gate. A fluid flow passage is located in the first connector and the second connector. The first shutoff gate and the second shutoff gate include an aperture and are movable between a fully open first position to allow fluid flow through the fluid passage and a fully closed second position to prevent fluid flow through the fluid passage.2009-12-03
20090294717COMPRESSOR THROTTLING VALVE ASSEMBLY - A throttling valve assembly has an outer housing that is sealed. An actuator is connected to a pressure balanced shaft that extends into the housing to operate a plurality of linkages that can rotate blades in tandem. With the surrounding housing sealed, the shaft penetrations of the blade support shafts no longer need seals or a purge system to supply process gas during times of reduced pressure in situations with the blades nearly closed. A pressure equalization system has balance passages internal to the housing to allow flow from higher pressure zones to lower pressure zone of the process gas so as to avoid creation of a condition that can draw air into any zones of reduced pressure in the housing.2009-12-03
20090294718SHUT-OFF DEVICE - The invention relates to a shut-off device comprising a housing which is to be connected to an adjacent conduit in a pressure-tight manner A tubular passage is defined in the housing for a medium flowing through the conduit. Said device also comprises at least one sealing body which can be displaced by an articulated mechanism, by means of an adjusting drive that can be moved vertically in relation to the direction of flow, from an open position into a closed position in which the sealing contour of the at least one sealing body comes into contact with the tubular passage in a radially sealing manner. The articulated mechanism is guided parallel to the direction of displacement of the adjusting drive and comprises a bearing body to which the at least one sealing body is pivotably applied. The inventive shut-off device is characterized in that the bearing body comprises two diametrically opposed ribs and two corresponding grooves are formed in the wall of the housing or in an insert at least partially lining the housing, the ribs forming a span extending transversally to the direction of flow of the medium.2009-12-03
20090294719VALVE FOR A COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINER - A valve for a compressed gas container, with a longitudinal valve housing, which is held in a valve disc at one end and surrounds a channel for the medium which is to be discharged, a valve member, which is partly arranged in the channel of the valve housing and projects from the valve housing at the held end thereof, a sealing element, which sealingly encloses the valve member and whose position on the valve housing is fixed, wherein the valve member features an outlet channel, which can be brought into connection with the channel of the valve housing via at least one cross bore, wherein the outlet channel features a bore on its bottom, via which the outlet channel of the valve member is in connection with the channel of the valve housing, wherein the bore is closed by a spring prestressed valve body, which is lifted from the bore against the spring force upon a predetermined pressure in the channel of the valve housing and unblocks a direct connection between the channel of the valve housing and the outlet channel of the valve member.2009-12-03
20090294720METHOD OF DESIGNING MINUTE FLOW RATE CONTROLLER WITH ENTRANCE THROTTLE GROOVE - A method of designing a minute flow rate controller that is capable of accurately controlling the minute flow rate of a fluid and realizing desired valve characteristics without inducing any unsteadiness of fluid flow and has a simple configuration with respect to a throttle groove for controlling the fluid flow rate. With respect to a minute flow rate controller comprising inflow passage (2009-12-03
20090294721Valve assembly for a container with an inner bag for receiving beverage - The present relates to a beverage valve assembly (2009-12-03
20090294722Contamination and flow control - The present invention is directed toward an anti-contamination arrangement for a valve having a valve housing, a bushing positioned in the valve housing, a valve member including a valve shaft and a valving portion operable for engaging a valve seat, slidably disposed through the bushing, and a supply port operably associated with the valve member. The valve also includes a control chamber controlled by the valving portion, and a valve seat positioned between the supply port and the control chamber. The valve member is operably associated with the valve seat for controlling the flow of fluid from the supply port to the control chamber upon the movement of the valve member in relation to the valve seat. There is also an anti-contamination arrangement positioned between the bushing and the valve shaft for collecting and removing contamination from the valve member.2009-12-03
20090294723Rubber composition for magnetic encoder and magnetic encoder using the same - The invention provides a rubber composition for a magnetic encoder being excellent in durability such as heat resistance, oil resistance and chemical resistance, having high magnetic characteristics and being excellent in processability and a magnetic encoder using the rubber composition. The magnetic rubber composition for the magnetic encoder includes a fluorinated rubber with a Mooney viscosity (ML1+10, 121° C.) of 20 to 100 and a magnetic powder, and the magnetic powder is blended in a proportion of 230 to 1900 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the fluorinated rubber. The magnetic encoder is provided by vulcanizing and molding the rubber composition.2009-12-03
20090294724ANTI-ICING MATERIAL AND SURFACE TREATMENTS - An anti-icing composition including a chemically-bound nano-layer based on a multivalent atom such as silicon or titanium, and whiskers of hydroxyls, polyols, polyethers, polyamines, poly-acids or mixtures of such hydrophilic functionalities. This base layer may be used as such or have an additional coating overlying it, e.g., comprising a polymeric polyol such as polyvinylalcohol or polyglycol. The second layer may also be chemically bonded to the surface or to the first layer. Surface treatment with such composition prevents small droplets of water from freezing on the surface and reduces dramatically their friction with the surface. The result is the prevention of icing of the surface, reduction in the adhesion of ice to the surface and reduction in the accumulation of ice layers. The anti-icing composition also makes removal of ice from the surface much easier once accumulated, and is useful in reducing de-icing requirements of aircraft and in retarding in-flight ice formation. Other applications include coating window panels and vehicles exposed to icing conditions and preventing bulk particles from adhering to each other in icy conditions.2009-12-03
20090294725Controlled release cooling additive compositions - A controlled release additive composition for use in aqueous coolant systems is disclosed and comprises a core containing at least one additive component and a polymeric coating including one or more defined polymers substantially surrounding the core. The controlled released additive composition slowly releases the additive component into the aqueous coolant of an open, circulating cooling water system, thereby delivering an effective concentration level of the additive component over an extended period.2009-12-03
20090294726ORGANIC SILICON OXIDE FINE PARTICLES AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, POROUS FILM-FORMING COMPOSITION, POROUS FILM AND FORMATION METHOD THEREOF, AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE - Provided are organic silicon oxide fine particles which can be formed into a porous film having a dielectric constant and mechanical strength expected as a high-performance porous insulating film and having excellent chemical stability, and a preparation method thereof. Described specifically, provided are an organic silicon oxide fine particle comprising a core containing at least an inorganic silicon oxide or an organic silicon oxide and a shell containing at least an organic silicon oxide and being formed around the core by using shell-forming hydrolyzable silane in the presence of a basic catalyst; wherein of silicon atoms constituting the core or the shell, a ratio (T/Q) of a number (T) of silicon atoms having at least one bond directly attached to a carbon atom to a number (Q) of silicon atoms having all of four bonds attached to an oxygen atom is greater in the shell than in the core; and wherein the shell-forming hydrolyzable silane comprise at least a hydrolyzable silane compound having two or more hydrolyzable-group-having silicon atoms bound to each other via a carbon chain or via a carbon chain containing one silicon atom between some carbon atoms.2009-12-03
20090294727AQUEOUS HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SOLUTIONS AND METHOD OF MAKING SAMEU - An aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution containing i) less than 50 wppm alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or combinations thereof in total, irrespective whether the alkali or alkaline earth metals are present in cationic or complex form; ii) less than 50 wppm of amines having a pk2009-12-03
20090294728Composite Material Storing Hydrogen, and Device for the Reversible Storage of Hydrogen - The invention relates to a composite material storing hydrogen. Said composite material can alternate, in an essentially reversible manner, between a storage state and a non-storage state and optionally at least on intermediate state. In the storage state thereof, the system comprises the following constituents: (a) at least one first hydride constituent and (b) at least one second constituent that is at least one hydrogen-free constituent and/or one other hydride constituent. The at least one first hydride constituent and the at least one second constituent are in a first solid multiphase system, and during the changeover to the non-storage state of the system, the at least one first hydride constituent reacts with the at least one second constituent, forming H2009-12-03
20090294729LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMER COMPOSITION CONTAINING NANOSTRUCTURED HOLLOW-CARBON MATERIAL AND MOLDED ARTICLE THEREOF - The present invention comprises a liquid-crystalline polymer composition comprising a nanostructured hollow-carbon material and a liquid-crystalline polymer. The nanostructured hollow-carbon material may comprises particles, each particle of which is selected from the group consisting of a particle which is composed of a carbon part and a hollow part and has a structure that the hollow part is entirely enclosed by the carbon part; and a particle which is composed of a carbon part and a hollow part and has a structure that the hollow part is partly enclosed by the carbon part.2009-12-03
20090294730POLYMERIZABLE COMPOSITION - A polymerizable composition comprising a bifunctional (meth)acrylate compound represented by the following general formula (1) and a monofunctional (meth)acrylate compound represented by the general formula (2):2009-12-03
20090294731SILICATE-BASED GREEN PHOSPHORS - Novel green phosphors are disclosed having the comprise silicate-based compounds having the formula (Sr,A2009-12-03
20090294732COATINGS FOR MEDICAL DEVICES HAVING REVERSIBLE HYDROPHOBIC TO HYDROPHILIC PROPERTIES - A medical device including a coating disposed on at least a portion of a surface of the medical device, the coating including at least one polymer material having reversible wettability.2009-12-03
20090294733Process for improved electrospinning using a conductive web - A process for producing a composite conductive fibrous material is provided which includes the steps of providing a conductive fibrous web and supporting the conductive fibrous web with a nonconductive support member. A polymer stream is provided and a voltage is established between the conductive fibrous web and the polymer stream. In this manner, the polymer stream is attracted to the conductive web. Nanofibers are produced by the polymer stream and collected on the conductive web.2009-12-03
20090294734Percolation Efficiency of the conductivity of electrically conductive adhesives - An electroconductive bonding material is formed as a Modified Electrically Conductive Adhesive (MECA), and consists of a resin matrix and a modified conductive filler. The resin matrix if formed by providing a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin-based polymer resin. The conductive filler is a metal filler material suitable for use as conductive filler for the resin matrix. The metal filler is modified by applying a material selected from one of halogens, pseudohalogens or their precursors.2009-12-03
20090294735CONDUCTIVE POLYMER SOLUTION, ANTISTATIC COATING MATERIAL, ANTISTATIC HARD COAT LAYER, OPTICAL FILTER, CONDUCTIVE COATING FILM, ANTISTATIC TACKY ADHESIVE LAYER, PROTECTIVE MATERIAL, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME - The conductive polymer solution of the present invention contains a π-conjugated conductive polymer, a solubilizable polymer, a phase transfer catalyst, and an organic solvent. The method for preparing a conductive polymer solution of the present invention comprises adding a phase transfer catalyst adding an organic solvent to an aqueous polymer solution prepared by dissolving the π-conjugated conductive polymer and a solubilizable polymer in water.2009-12-03
20090294736NANOCARBON-REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITE AND METHOD OF MAKING - A method of making a polymer composite from a mixture of a polymeric material, carbon nanofibers, and nano-scale particles is provided. The carbon nanofibers are less than about 1 micrometer in diameter, and the nano-scale particles are shorter in length than the carbon nanofibers. The nano-scale particles are selected from nano-scale carbon additives, non-conductive nano-clays, nano-scale conductive metallic additives, or combinations thereof. The components are mixed to form a polymer composite. A polymer composite having a resistivity of less than about 102009-12-03
20090294737CONDUCTIVE RUBBER MEMBER - The present invention provides a conductive rubber member which exhibits low electrical resistance, and has properties that are less affected by environmental factors, and excellent staining resistance. The conductive rubber member of the present invention has a base rubber predominantly containing epichlorohydrin rubber, and a conductive elastic layer which is formed, through hardening and molding of a rubber composition, wherein the rubber composition contains, as vulcanizing agents, a thiourea-type vulcanizing agent and a thiuram-type vulcanizing agent, and contains no elemental sulfur.2009-12-03
20090294738ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE POLYMERIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL - An electrically conductive composite consisting of Vinyl-ester (as an anti-corrosive matrix), woven carbon fibers (as the reinforcement and conductive material) and carbon black powder (as a conductive filler) is manufactured. Various weight percentages of the matrix, fibers and filler are examined. The product cured at room temperature. Low weight, high strength, high stiffness, chemically corrosive resistance, electrically conductive characteristics are obtained from the product. The product may serve as electrically conductive polymeric composites in chemically corrosive environment.2009-12-03
20090294739CONDUCTIVE PASTE INCLUDING A CARBON NANOTUBE AND PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD USING THE SAME - The invention provides a conductive paste including a carbon nanotube and a printed circuit board using the same. The invention provides the conductive paste which exhibits an excellent electrical conductivity and allows the implementation of the X-Y interconnection and simultaneously the Z-interconnection without loosing the carbon nanotube's own original characteristics.2009-12-03
20090294740Method and apparatus for preventing catastrophic contact failure in ultra high temperature piezoresistive sensors and transducers - A method to prevent the catastrophic failure of electrical contacts of silicon piezoresistive transducers located on a silicon wafer at temperatures above 600° C. comprising the steps of using a lead-free glass frit to surround the contacts and bonding the sensor wafer to a glass wafer employing a lead-free glass and utilizing a modified electrostatic bonding technique to join the silicon wafer to the lead-free glass wafer to form a high temperature SOI device.2009-12-03
20090294741SILVER COMPOSITION FOR MICRO-DEPOSITION DIRECT WRITING SILVER CONDUCTOR LINES ON PHOTOVOLTAIC WAFERS - Embodiments of the invention relate to a silicon semiconductor device, and a conductive thick film composition for use in a solar cell device.2009-12-03
20090294742NANOCRYSTAL-METAL OXIDE-POLYMER COMPOSITES AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF - Nanocrystal-metal oxide-polymer composites and their methods of preparation are described. The composites comprises a number of nanocrystals within a metal oxide matrix, and an oligomer or polymer covalently bonded to organic reactive groups of the metal oxide matrix. The composites can be applied to a variety of electronic devices. The electronic devices constructed from the composites do not decrease in performance rapidly due to degradation and exhibit improved stability.2009-12-03
20090294743Formulation for Obtaining a Conductive Concrete Mixture - A conductive concrete through which electrical power can pass, such as to provide cathodic protection for the reinforcing steel and resistance to chemical attacks. The conductive concrete mixture has greater mechanical strength properties than those of a standard concrete, low volume weight and mechanical characteristics that enable same to be used in both a structural and architectonic manner. In addition, the concrete is resistant to corrosion owing to the formulation thereof. The invention comprises an electricity conductor having a low water absorption value and a very low rupture deformation, thereby providing great structural stability. The purpose of the invention is to provide a type of concrete which is different from those currently available, owing to the formulation, mixture and novel characteristics thereof, and which is essentially characterised in that it combines the advantages of existing concretes with electrical conductivity. Moreover, the physical and chemical properties of the inventive concrete are greater than those of existing concretes, such as low volume weight.2009-12-03
20090294744Airplane jack and method of use - A jack for lifting the nose gear on a lightweight aircraft including a wheeled tray adapted to hold weights, a handle for manually moving the jack, and a winch mounted on the jack. The winch including a line adapted to attach to a tie down point on a tail section of the aircraft.2009-12-03
20090294745HAMMER WITH LEVERAGE NO. II - A hand tool includes an elongated plunger assembly and a locking assembly. The locking assembly has a catch assembly with a release actuator. The release actuator is movable in a direction generally not aligned with the tool head plane of motion. The locking assembly catch member is structured to engage the plunger assembly body and maintain the plunger assembly body in a selected position. Further, the plunger assembly is disposed in a socket within the tool head and biased toward an extended position by a spring. The release actuator is, preferably, disposed on the neck of the hand tool just above the user's thumb. When the plunger assembly body is disposed within the tool head and a user desires to extend the plunger assembly, the user actuates the release actuator thereby removing the engagement of the catch member and allowing the socket spring to move the plunger assembly body to the extended position.2009-12-03
20090294746Electrohydraulic Leak Compensation - The invention relates to an electro-hydraulic leak compensating device for a mobile crane lowering brake system in an open hydraulic circuit with a hydraulic motor (2009-12-03
20090294747ADJUSTABLE GATE MOUNT - An example gate assembly is supported on a fixed structure by upper and lower mounting brackets. The upper and lower brackets provide adjustment of the gate assembly without need for removing any mount and reduce the need for shimming or other disassembly of the gate to provide alignment.2009-12-03
20090294748Phase Change Memory Cell with Reduced Switchable Volume - A memory cell is fabricated by forming a dielectric layer and patterning a hole in the dielectric layer. Patterning the hole is accomplished at least in part by contacting the dielectric layer with a catalytic material in the presence of a reactant under conditions effective to remove those areas of the dielectric layer in contact with the catalytic material. A phase change feature is then formed in contact with the dielectric layer such that a portion of the phase change feature at least partially fills the hole in the dielectric layer. At least a portion of the patterned dielectric layer remains in the ultimate memory cell.2009-12-03
20090294749Chemical Mechanical Polishing Slurry Composition for Polishing Phase-Change Memory Device and Method for Polishing Phase-Change Memory Device Using the Same - A slurry composition for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of a phase-change memory device is provided. The slurry composition comprises deionized water and iron or an iron compound. The slurry composition can achieve high polishing rate on a phase-change memory device and improved polishing selectivity between a phase-change memory material and a polish stop layer (e.g., a silicon oxide film), can minimize the occurrence of processing imperfections (e.g., dishing and erosion), and can lower the etch rate on a phase-change memory material to provide a high-quality polished surface. Further provided is a method for polishing a phase-change memory device using the slurry composition.2009-12-03
20090294750PHASE CHANGE MEMORY DEVICES AND METHODS FOR FABRICATING THE SAME - An exemplary phase change memory device is provided, including a substrate with a first electrode formed thereover. A first dielectric layer is formed over the first electrode and the substrate. A plurality of cup-shaped heating electrodes is respectively disposed in a portion of the first dielectric layer. A first insulating layer is formed over the first dielectric layer, partially covering the cup-shaped heating electrodes and the first dielectric layer therebetween. A second insulating layer is formed over the first dielectric layer, partially covering the cup-shaped heating electrodes and the first dielectric layer therebetween. A pair of phase change material layers is respectively disposed on opposing sidewalls of the second insulating layer and contacting with one of the cup-shaped heating electrodes. A pair of first conductive layers is formed on the second insulating layer along the second direction, respectively.2009-12-03
20090294751NONVOLATILE STORAGE DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME - A method for manufacturing a nonvolatile storage device with a plurality of unit memory layers stacked therein is provided. Each of the unit memory layers includes: a first interconnect extending in a first direction; a second interconnect extending in a second direction; a recording unit sandwiched between the first and second interconnects and being capable of reversibly transitioning between a first state and a second state in response to a current supplied through the first and second interconnects; and a rectifying element sandwiched between the first interconnect and the recording unit and including at least one of p-type and n-type impurities. In the method, the first interconnect, the second interconnect, the recording unit, and a layer of an amorphous material including the at least one of p-type and n-type impurities used in the plurality of unit memory layers are formed at a temperature lower than a temperature at which the amorphous material is substantially crystallized. The amorphous material used in the plurality of unit memory layers is simultaneously crystallized and the impurities included in the amorphous material used in the plurality of unit memory layers are simultaneously activated.2009-12-03
20090294752HIGHLY INTEGRATED PHASE CHANGE MEMORY DEVICE HAVING MICRO-SIZED DIODES AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME - A highly integrated phase change memory device and a method for manufacturing the same is disclosed. The highly integrated phase change memory device includes a semiconductor substrate having a cell area and a peripheral area with impurity regions formed in the cell area and extending in parallel to each other in a first direction to form a striped pattern. A gate electrode is formed in the peripheral area and dummy gate electrodes are formed in the cell area and extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of the impurity regions. An interlayer dielectric layer pattern exposes portions of the cell area and the peripheral area and a PN diode is formed in a space defined by a pair of dummy gate electrodes and a pair of interlayer dielectric layer patterns.2009-12-03
20090294753CARBON NANOTUBE DIAMETER SELECTION BY PRETREATMENT OF METAL CATALYSTS ON SURFACES - A new and useful nanotube growth substrate conditioning processes is herein disclosed that allows the growth of vertical arrays of carbon nanotubes where the average diameter of the nanotubes can be selected and/or controlled as compared to the prior art.2009-12-03
20090294754NOVEL TECHNIQUES FOR PRECISION PATTERN TRANSFER OF CARBON NANOTUBES FROM PHOTO MASK TO WAFERS - A method for patterning CNTs on a wafer wherein a CNT layer is provided on a substrate, a hard mask film is deposited on the CNT layer, a BARC layer (optional) is coated on the hard mask film, and a resist is patterned on the BARC layer (or directly on the hard mask film if the BARC layer is not included). Then, the resist pattern is effectively transferred to the hard mask film by etching the BARC layer (if provided) and etching partly into, but not entirely through, the hard mask film (i.e., etching is stopped before reaching the CNT layer). Then, the resist and the BARC layer (if provided) is stripped, and the hard mask pattern is effectively transferred to the CNTs by etching away (preferably by using C1, F plasma) the portions of the hard mask which have been already partially etched away.2009-12-03
20090294755Fabricating Arrays Of Metallic Nanostructures - A patterned array of metallic nanostructures and fabrication thereof is described. A device comprises a patterned array of metallic columns vertically extending from a substrate. Each metallic column is formed by metallically coating one of an array of non-metallic nanowires catalytically grown from the substrate upon a predetermined lateral pattern of seed points placed thereon according to a nanoimprinting process. An apparatus for fabricating a patterned array of metallic nanostructures is also described.2009-12-03
20090294756LIGHT EMITTING DIODE STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR FABRICATING THE SAME - The present invention discloses a light emitting diode structure and a method for fabricating the same. In the present invention, a substrate is placed in a solution to form a chemical reaction layer. Next, the substrate is etched to form a plurality of concave zones and a plurality of convex zones with the chemical reaction layer overhead. Next, the chemical reaction layer is removed to form an irregular geometry of the concave zones and convex zones on the surface of the substrate. Then, a semiconductor light emitting structure is epitaxially formed on the surface of the substrate. Thereby, the present invention can achieve a light emitting diode structure having improved internal and external quantum efficiencies.2009-12-03
20090294757Semiconductor Nanowire Vertical Device Architecture - The present invention relates to nanoscaled electronic devices with a vertical nanowire as a functional part. Contacts are arranged on the nanowire at different parts of the nanowire, for example drain and source contacts. In connection to the nanowire contacts are external electrodes, that connect at different levels, as seen from the substrate, of the device. The external electrodes are elongated, and typically and preferably stripe-like. According to the invention a first external electrode, or contacts, associated with contact(s) at a first part of the nanowire, and a second external electrode, associated with contact(s) at a second part of the nanowire are arranged in a cross-bar configuration. The cross-bar configuration minimizes the overlay of the external electrodes, hence, parasitic capacitances and current leakage can be reduced, and the performance of the device improved.2009-12-03
20090294758ZnO-CONTAINING SEMICONDUCTOR LAYER, ITS MANUFACTURE METHOD, AND SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE - A ZnO-containing semiconductor layer, doped with Se, has an emission peak wavelength in visual light and has a band gap equivalent to a band gap of ZnO.2009-12-03
20090294759Stack structure comprising epitaxial graphene, method of forming the stack structure, and electronic device comprising the stack structure - Provided are a stack structure including an epitaxial graphene, a method of forming the stack structure, and an electronic device including the stack structure. The stack structure includes: a Si substrate; an under layer formed on the Si substrate; and at least one epitaxial graphene layer formed on the under layer.2009-12-03
20090294760ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS AND GROWTH APPROACHES THEREFOR - Organic semiconductor devices exhibit desirable mobility characteristics. In connection with various example embodiments, a monolayer of methyl-terminated molecules exhibits density characteristics that are sufficient to promote two-dimensional growth of organic semiconductor material formed thereupon. In some applications, the methyl-terminated molecules are sufficiently dense to dominate inter-layer interactions between layers of the organic semiconductor material.2009-12-03
20090294761ORGANIC PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION FILM, AND PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION DEVICE AND IMAGE SENSOR EACH HAVING THE ORGANIC PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION FILM - Provided are an organic photoelectric conversion film, and a photoelectric conversion device and an image sensor each having the organic photoelectric conversion film. The organic photoelectric conversion film includes a p-type material layer formed of an organic material; and a n-type material layer formed on the p-type material layer, the n-type material being formed from naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA).2009-12-03
20090294762COMPOUND HAVING THIOL ANCHORING GROUP, METHOD OF SYNTHESIZING THE SAME, AND MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC DEVICE HAVING MOLECULAR ACTIVE LAYER FORMED USING THE COMPOUND - Provided are an electron donor-azo-electron acceptor compound having a thiol-based anchoring group, a method of synthesizing the compound, and a molecular electronic device having a molecular active layer formed of the compound. The compound for forming a molecular electronic device includes an azo compound that has a dinitrothiophene group and an aminobenzene group having thiol derivatives. The compound forms a molecular active layer in the molecular electronic devices. The molecular active layer is self-assembled on an electrode using the thiol derivative in the azo compound as an anchoring group. The molecular active layer in the molecular electronic device forms a switching device switching between an on-state and an off-state in response to a voltage applied to electrodes or a memory device storing a predetermined electric signal in response to a voltage applied to the electrodes.2009-12-03
20090294763ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICE AND DISPLAY UNIT - Disclosed herein is an organic electroluminescent device including: an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer including a light-emitting layer, a naphthacene compound layer containing a naphthacene compound, and an electron transport layer; the light-emitting layer being composed of a light-emitting guest material and an aromatic hydrocarbon compound having the skeleton of anthracene, and the naphthacene compound layer containing no less than 80 wt % of naphthacene compound represented by the formula (1) below and having a thickness of 0.5 to 10 nm and being in contact with that side of the electron transport layer which faces the light-emitting layer.2009-12-03
20090294764Oxide semiconductors and thin film transistors comprising the same - Provided are oxide semiconductors and thin film transistors of the same. An oxide semiconductor includes Zn, In and Hf. The amount of Hf is in the range of about 2-16 at %, inclusive, based on the total amount of Zn, In, and Hf. A thin film transistor includes a gate and a gate insulating layer arranged on the gate. A channel corresponding to the gate is formed on the gate insulating layer. The channel includes an oxide semiconductor. The semiconductor oxide includes Zn, In and Hf. The amount of Hf is in the range of about 2-16 at %, inclusive, based on the total amount of Zn, In, and Hf. A source and a drain contact respective sides of the channel.2009-12-03