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35th week of 2008 patent applcation highlights part 15
Patent application numberTitlePublished
20080203215TELESCOPIC TOILET PAPER HOLDER - The present invention relates to an improved telescopic toilet paper roll holder which substantially deadens the sound of a roll of toilet paper while being rotated; self-aligns and snuggly holds either a uniform or misshaped roll of toilet paper in place, preventing axial play and mutilation of the paper edges; produces a slight drag while being rotated, preventing paper runaway. This improved holder is comprised of a foamed polymer tube encompassing two hollow cylinders having slightly different diameters, nested together through their inside ends and supporting felt covered pintles on their outside ends, with a helical compression spring inside the larger cylinder urging both cylinders to extend axially; cylinders are provided with a protuberant to keep them from coming apart.2008-08-28
20080203216Multi-Environment Engine - The inventive multi-environment engine (2008-08-28
20080203217METHOD FOR MANAGING THE WHEEL STEERING CONTROL OF AN AIRCRAFT - The invention relates to a method for managing a steering control of an aircraft landing gear provided with at least one wheel steerable by the steering control, comprising the following steps: 2008-08-28
20080203218Systems And Methods For Reducing Pressure Loss Of Air Flowing From A First Area To A Second Area - Systems and methods are provided for reducing pressure loss of air flowing from a first area in a first direction to a second area in a second direction. The systems include a flow surface, first and second fence walls, an opening, and a flow path. The flow surface defines a portion of the first area. The fence walls extend substantially parallel to each other along the flow surface in the first direction. The opening is formed in the flow surface and is disposed between the first and second fence walls. The flow path defines at least a portion of the second area and is in flow communication with the opening to receive a portion of the airflow and to direct the airflow in the second direction. Methods of using and manufacturing the systems are also provided.2008-08-28
20080203219Hydrogen powered aircraft - Disclosed is an aircraft, configured to have a wide range of flight speeds, consuming low levels of power for an extended period of time, while supporting a communications platform with an unobstructed downward-looking view. The aircraft includes an extendable slat at the leading edge of the wing, and a reflexed trailing edge. The aircraft comprises a flying wing extending laterally between two ends and a center point. The wing is swept and has a relatively constant chord. The aircraft also includes a power module configured to provide power via a fuel cell. The fuel cell stores liquid hydrogen as fuel, but uses gaseous hydrogen in the fuel cell. A fuel tank heater is used to control the boil-rate of the fuel in the fuel tank. The fuel cell compresses ambient air for an oxidizer, and operates with the fuel and oxidizer at pressures below one atmosphere. The aircraft of the invention includes a support structure including a plurality of supports, where the supports form a tetrahedron that affixes to the wing.2008-08-28
20080203220AERIAL VEHICLE LAUNCHING SYSTEM AND METHOD - The present invention discloses an aerial vehicle launching system, which may include a launch platform and a restraint system coupled to the launch platform. The restraint system has at least one passive restraint suitably adapted to indirectly restrain an aerial vehicle, where the restraint system is configured to coordinate the uniform retention and release of the passive restraint in order to launch the aerial vehicle.2008-08-28
20080203221JAM TOLERANT ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF OPERATION - In a vehicle, having a fixed supporting structure and a load movable relative thereto, a jam tolerant actuating system, a method for controlling this system including: Locating a physical coupling/decoupling mechanism between the load and an actuator assembly as close a practicable to the load; constructing the coupling/uncoupling mechanism to be reversible, and hence testable; and controlling the connection/disconnection via decision making electronics which will detect any system failure by monitoring, at a minimum: actuator main motor load and speed, and actuator output load. Also set forth are specific embodiments of pivotable rotary geared actuators as well as linear ball screw type actuators embodying the coupling/uncoupling mechanisms of this invention.2008-08-28
20080203222Yaw Control System and Method - A yaw control system and a method of controlling yaw for an aircraft are provided. The yaw control system includes a first wing set and a second wing set which are rotatable in opposite directions. Each of the wing sets includes at least two wings each including a pivotable flap forming a trailing edge of its respective wing. A flap control assembly controls the pivotable flaps of the first wing set and of the second wing set such that when the pivotable flaps of the first wing set are pivoted in a first direction by a first set angle, the pivotable flaps of the second wing set are simultaneously pivoted by a second set angle in an opposite direction, thereby providing yaw control for the aircraft.2008-08-28
20080203223AIRCRAFT STABILIZER ACTUATOR - An actuator (2008-08-28
20080203224Load optimized redundant flight control surface actuation system and method - An aircraft flight surface control system and method simultaneously provides the benefits of both an active/active system architecture and in active/standby system architecture. The system is preferably implemented using hydraulic actuator assemblies and electromechanical actuator assemblies coupled to the same flight control surface. During normal system operations the electromechanical actuator assemblies are energized to supply a relatively minimal force to associated flight control surfaces. In effect, the electromechanical actuators, although energized, may be pulled along by the associated hydraulic actuator assemblies, until needed. Thus, the electromechanical actuator assemblies are controlled in a manner that closely resembles the active/standby architecture.2008-08-28
20080203225Multiple support disc loader - The present invention is a portable engine powered horizontal action aircraft landing barrier arresting cable disc loading apparatus which includes an engine powered hydraulic pump; manual hydraulic pump; an elongated frame; a transverse axle having a reservoir for hydraulic fluid; a hydraulic cylinder and ram/piston secured to one end of the frame and a system of staves comprised partially of the elongated frame and slotted plates affixed at regular intervals along the longitudinal length opposite the hydraulic cylinder. The ram/piston is configured with a chain attachment hook which is movable toward and away from the staves and provides a longitudinal pulling force with respect to the staves. Multiple staves are provided to divide the pulling force between groups of the total number of discs to be loaded. The present invention has internal power redundancy and has a means of accessing external power for secondary redundancy.2008-08-28
20080203226TORQUE TUBE APPARATUS FOR MOVING CARGO - The invention relates to apparatuses for moving cargo. In one embodiment, such an apparatus may have a plurality of torque tubes. Each of the torque tubes may comprise a member in the shape of a continuous, closed loop defining a hole extending along the member. Rollers may be attached between torque tubes to move cargo disposed on the rollers. The apparatus may be used in the cargo hold of an aircraft.2008-08-28
20080203227AIRCRAFT PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION UNIT WITH DEPLOYABLE BED - A passenger accommodation unit with a deployable bed includes a passenger seat and a passenger bed positioned relative to the seat and adapted for movement between a stowed position in which the bed is upright and adjacent to the seat, and a deployed position in which the bed is horizontal for use and overlaps and is supported in part by the seat. The unit can include a credenza positioned adjacent the seat and between the seat and the bed that supports the bed when deployed.2008-08-28
20080203228Double-Shell Design Center Box - The present invention relates to a center box (2008-08-28
20080203229Windblocker For Use In Aircraft - A windblocker adapted to be anchored in the interior of an aircraft, comprising a tensioning device adapted to be centrally disposed in a cross-sectional area of the interior of the aircraft, securing straps that extend radially from the tensioning device to mounting points provided on a load-bearing skeleton of the aircraft and adapted to be secured to the mounting points when the windblocker is installed in the aircraft interior, and fabric segments supported on the supporting straps and filling spaces provided between the securing straps.2008-08-28
20080203230ATTITUDE CHANGE CONTROL METHOD, ATTITUDE CHANGE CONTROL SYSTEM, ATTITUDE CHANGE CONTROL PROGRAM AND PROGRAM RECORDING MEDIUM - Disclosed is an attitude change control system that is designed to efficiently output a torque for attitude change of a space craft using CMGs and realizes a real time CMG driving rule. A CMG gimbal steering law 2008-08-28
20080203231Control apparatus of wireless remote-control model and operating parameter setup system thereof - A control apparatus of a wireless remote-control model and its operating parameter setup system is set up and changed by a personal computer, and various settings of setup information are transmitted to a wireless remote-control helicopter through a communication line, and control parameters are stored in a set value storage module of a memory, such that control parameters for the movement characteristics of a wireless remote-control model can be set up or changed easily to reduce the burden on the side of a signal transmitter.2008-08-28
20080203232System and method for reducing the loads acting on the fuselage structure in means of transport - The invention relates to a system for reducing the loads acting on the fuselage structure in means of transport, in particular in aircraft, comprising at least one sensor element 2008-08-28
20080203233Flueted aircraft wing - The flueted aircraft wing has one or more thin Streamline Flow Panels placed longitudinally over the upper surface of an aircraft wing, and extend out in front of the wing leading edge. These panels capture airflow from along the wing leading edge in addition to the relative wind flow ahead of the wing, and direct the total airflow over the surface of the wing. The Streamline Flow Panels partition regions of vortex airflow over the wing and reduce transverse airflow. Wing tip vortices and induced drag are greatly reduced, and lift is increased. Fuel economy is substantially improved because airflow energy losses are reduced.2008-08-28
20080203234Trim Actuator Actuating System for a Hydraulically Actuatable Trimmable Horizontal Stabilizer Actuator - The present invention relates to a trim actuator actuating system having two separate hydraulic power supply systems, through which it is possible for the first time to use a hydraulic linear actuator as a trimmable horizontal stabilizer actuator in an aircraft. The at least one hydraulic linear actuator is coupled to the first power supply system in such a way that it applies hydraulic power to the linear actuator during normal operation. In order to ensure the application of pressure to the hydraulic linear actuator in case of breakdown, in such a case, the pressure application to the hydraulic linear actuator is maintained with the aid of the second hydraulic power supply system.2008-08-28
20080203235Apparatus for measuring a turbine blade - An erosion gauge for measuring a chord length of an eroded turbine blade in a steam turbine that may include: a jaw that includes a lower jaw that includes a lower jaw surface and an upper jaw that includes an upper jaw surface such that the lower jaw surface and the upper jaw surface oppose each other; a sliding scale that connects the lower jaw to the upper jaw, wherein a first end of the sliding scale is fixed to the lower jaw and a second end of the sliding scale slides through the upper jaw such that the distance between the lower jaw surface and the upper jaw surface may be varied; and an electronic depth gauge that determines the distance between the lower jaw surface and the upper jaw surface. The lower jaw surface may include a valley insert.2008-08-28
20080203236CMC airfoil with thin trailing edge - An airfoil (2008-08-28
20080203237Method and Device for Lightening Loads on the Wing System of an Aircraft in Roll Motion - A device used in an aircraft with an electrical flight control system to reduce load applied to the wing during a lateral roll maneuver, by comparing a roll control with a threshold, and filtering a control. As a result of this action on the roll control, resulting load increases on the wing can be anticipated and reduced. Loads can thus remain below a maximum design value for the wing if the applied roll control is too high for planned use of the aircraft, therefore limiting overdesign of the wing.2008-08-28
20080203238CABLE DUCT PUNCH TOOL AND METHOD - Embodiments provide a method of running cables from an already-installed cable duct to devices. According to the method, a portion of a duct from which it is desirable for cable to be dropped is selected upon consideration of a first location of a first device to which a connection is desired. The method also includes punching a first aperture in the duct proximate the first portion, snaking a first cable from the duct through the first aperture, and connecting the first cable to the first device.2008-08-28
20080203239ARCUATE SADDLE WITH PARTIAL RIBS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE - Embodiments of the present invention relate to arcuate saddles with partial ribs typically used to anchor and suspend insulated or non-insulated pipes. Partial ribs on the lower face of the saddle inhibit the saddle from sliding relative to the hanger when engaged and provide strengthening force to the saddle.2008-08-28
20080203240Lateral storage spool for overhead cable pathway - A system including an overhead cable pathway structure and a cable storage device that mounts overhead to the cable pathway structure. The cable storage device including a storage spool and a cable pathway exit having a curved surface that guides excess cable exiting from the overhead cable pathway structure to the spool.2008-08-28
20080203241Vertical pipe guard - A pipe support assembly which comprises a main body having a U-shaped recess therein, and a cover member for the body, the cover member having an arcuate configuration and being sized to fit between the first and second side walls, each of the cover members and body having a channel or a recess designed to receive a tie wrap to secure a pipe in position. The main body portion also has a clamping portion which comprises first and second resilient members.2008-08-28
20080203242Spacer Assembly - Embodiments of the present invention are generally directed to improved clevis hangers and pipe claims and more particularly to spacer assemblies for use with clevis hangers and pipe claims. In one embodiment, a hanger assembly for supporting a pipe or conduit is provided. The hanger assembly includes an upper yoke having two substantially parallel spaced apart legs wherein each leg defines an aperture; a lower yoke configured to engage the pipe or conduit wherein the lower yoke includes two substantially parallel spaced apart arms wherein each arm defines an openings; a tie rod inserted through the apertures defined by the upper yoke and the openings defined by the lower yoke, wherein each leg of the upper yoke is positioned proximate an arm of the lower yoke; and a spacer assembly having a substantially C-shaped engagement portion secured to the tie rod at a position between the spaced apart arms of the lower yoke via a snap fit engagement wherein the spacer assembly includes a groove formed on an inner surface of the C-shaped engagement portion to facilitate the snap fit.2008-08-28
20080203243RATCHET-HEAD CONDUCTOR LOCKING MEDIUM VOLTAGE POLYMER INSULATOR CABLE SUPPORT HANGER MOUNT - Cable support hanger insulators are provided herein that generally have a ratchet locking mechanism to secure an electrical conductor to the insulator. Cable support hanger insulators are provided that have an insulator body, a locking base connected to the insulator body, and a retaining clamp pivotally connected to the insulator body. The insulator body has a seat adapted to receive a conductor cable, a front end, a back end, a first side, and a second side. The locking base has a front plate having a plurality of ratchet teeth. The retaining clamp comprising a first retaining arm, a second retaining arm, and a locking blade.2008-08-28
20080203244RADIANT FLOOR TUBING COLLECTOR AND ORGANIZER - A collector holding conduits, such as tubing for a radiant floor heating system, in place and changing the direction of the conduits from a vertical direction to a horizontal direction is provided. The collector has: a substantially flat bottom edge; a first side; a second side; a first guide channel and a second guide channel. The first guide channel runs in a first direction at a first opening and transitions along its length to run in a second direction at a second opening. The second guide channel runs in a first direction at a first opening and transitions along its length to run in a second direction at the second opening. The first direction is substantially perpendicular to the second direction.2008-08-28
20080203245SEALING CLIP ASSEMBLY - A sealing clip assembly is configured to secure at least a fluid-conveying tube to a structure. The sealing clip assembly includes a main body and at least one auxiliary dampening member. The main body includes a first tube support portion connected to a second tube support portion through a hinge. The first tube support portion includes a first tube channel, while the second tube support portion includes a second tube channel. The auxiliary dampening member covers the first and second tube channels, such that the auxiliary dampening member overhangs the main body at ends of the first and second tube channels.2008-08-28
20080203246Clamp, Self-Advancing Climbing Device, and Method of Coupling Same to a Tubular - There is disclosed a clamp, a self-advancing climbing device including two such clamps, and a method of coupling such a clamp to a tubular. In one embodiment of the invention, there is disclosed a clamp (2008-08-28
20080203247Clip - A device for securing a conduit to a structural object. The device including a clip having a longitudinally extending clip body with a conduit receiving cavity extending in the longitudinal direction and about a cavity axis with a longitudinally extending conduit receiving slot. The device further including a panel strap securable to the structural object.2008-08-28
20080203248METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING YARD DEBRIS - An apparatus for collecting leaves and other yard debris supports a flexible bag in an open configuration. The apparatus has a frame for supporting the flexible bag, and a retaining element for securing the flexible bag to the frame. A handle can be attached to the frame. The apparatus can be used as a tool to collect leaves or other yard debris directly. The frame can have a shape that defines an opening through which the flexible bag is draped. The shape of the frame can have at least one substantially straight side.2008-08-28
20080203249Arm support device - An apparatus for supporting at least one arm of a person performing manual therapy on a patient lying on a table is provided, wherein the apparatus includes a cradle device shaped to supportingly cradle a portion of the arm between a hand portion and an elbow portion of the person. A cradle device support structure is also provided, wherein the cradle device support structure is movably connected to the cradle device such that the cradle device is movable in a plurality of planes relative to at least one of the patient and the table, wherein the cradle device support structure includes a mounting device for connecting the cradle device support structure to a portion of the table, wherein the cradle device support structure is configurable in a plurality of planes relative to the table.2008-08-28
20080203250Speaker Pedestal With Hidden Wiring Channel - An improved speaker pedestal stand is presented, which possesses features that permit the hiding form view of speaker wire and cable. These features make it easy to conceal the speaker wires from the back of the speaker through the speaker stand to the floor, where they can be attached to a music system. This invention decreases visual clutter in living spaces and increases safety by preventing children and pets from encountering the wires.2008-08-28
20080203251Fast detachable slide bracket - A fast detachable slide bracket includes a frame, a resilient latching member, and a linkage. A folded plate having a through hole is disposed at one end of the frame. The resilient latching member has a first end and a second end opposite to each other. The section between the first end and the second end is pivotally connected to the frame. The first end is relatively disposed to and separated from the folded plate for a proper range. The linkage has a first end and a second end opposite to each other. The first end of the linkage penetrates the through hold of the folded plate of the frame and the second end of the linkage links the latching member to raise the second end of the latching member thus to move the first end of the latching member to release the bracket from a support temporarily.2008-08-28
20080203252Overhang bracket - A vertically adjustable overhang bracket uses an elongate base component adapted to be supported from a support column. A frame member is slidably secured to the base component to allow movement of the frame along the length of the elongate base component. The frame is of a shape to provide an outwardly extending support member for supporting concrete formwork members to one side of the base component. An actuator controls the position of the frame, relative to the elongate base component. With this arrangement, concrete formwork can be more easily supported in a cantilevered manner from support columns and vertically adjusted quickly to the proper position. Removal of the formwork is simplified as the frame can be lowered, relative to the base component providing clearance for removal of the bracket and the formwork.2008-08-28
20080203253Pusher accessory for product hanging hooks - The invention relates to a pusher accessory that can be assembled with conventional elongated product display hooks configured at one end for anchorage on a supporting panel or board and supporting in suspended fashion along their length a multiplicity of product items for removal from the opposite free end of said hook by a customer. The pusher accessory has a stationary component adapted to be attached in fixed position adjacent the free end of said hook; a movable component mountable on the hook at a point spaced from the stationary component for free sliding movement back and forth along the hook length; and tension spring affixed at one end to the stationary component and carried at the other end by the movable component. When the spring is extended by the separation of the movable component along the hook from the stationary component by intervening product packages suspended from the hook, the spring applies spring tension force to the movable component and intervening packages. As product packages are removed from the free hook end one-by-one by customers, this tension force serves to advance toward the free hook end the movable component and intervening product packages until the leading product package of those packages remaining on the hook reaches the free hook end. Preferably, the spring is a flat coil spring the coil of which is carried by the movable component with its free end attached to the fixed component. Preferably, the fixed component is clampingly engaged in its fixed position adjacent the free end of the hook.2008-08-28
20080203254LOUDSPEAKER BOX WALL HOLDER - Loudspeaker wall holder and method of mounting a loudspeaker box. The loudspeaker wall holder includes a base mountable on a wall surface, an arm coupled to the base, and a holder comprising a clamping device. The holder is mounted on the arm and is structured and arranged to receive a portion of a loudspeaker box. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.2008-08-28
20080203255Secure, Quick Attachment and Release Bicycle Support Systems - A device and method of clamping bicycles in a mouth (2008-08-28
20080203256Retention apparatus for stabilizing a merchandise display assembly on a shelf - A retention member for restricting movement of a merchandise display assembly relative to a shelf. The shelf is provided with a substantially planar support surface, a curved front portion shaped for receiving flexible inserts, and a rear portion extending angularly from the planar support surface in a downward direction. The retention member includes an engaging portion and an attachment portion. The engaging portion is shaped to engage at least a portion of at least one of the curved front portion or the rear portion of the shelf. The attachment portion is adapted to engage a portion of the merchandise display so as to substantially restrict movement of the merchandise display assembly relative to the shelf in at least one of a horizontal or vertical direction. Another embodiment of the present invention includes a retention apparatus which includes at least one front retention member and at least one rear retention member. The engaging portion of the front retention member is shaped to engage at least a portion of the curved front portion of the shelf. The engaging portion of the rear retention member is shaped to engage at least a portion of the rear portion of the shelf. The front retention member and the rear retention member cooperate to restrict the merchandise assembly relative to the shelf.2008-08-28
20080203257Telescoping support bars for portable display systems - A portable display frame includes a support frame and improved telescoping support bars. Each of the improved telescoping support bars includes a pass-through engaging slot on a first telescoping support bar section and an easily replaceable attachment projection member on a last telescoping support bar section. Known support bars require flexing the support bar to pass a closed end engaging slot on the first telescoping support bar section past a middle engaging hub, often resulting in damage to the telescoping support bar. The pass-through engaging slot of the present invention passes over the middle engaging hub without requiring flexing. Further, attachment projections on known support bars have broken and required time consuming repair or replacement of the support bar, often at an inconvenient time and location. The replaceable attachment projection member allows simple and easy repair when the attachment projections break.2008-08-28
20080203258Apparatus for holding surgical instruments - The apparatus includes a magnetic plate having a surface adapted to retain one or more surgical instruments. The magnetic plate is mounted for movable between various positions by a support arm such that the retained instruments are readily available for use as needed. A sterile cover is removably attached to the magnetic plate. The plate cover includes a sterile sheet. The sheet is situated proximate the surface of the magnetic plate. A handle is provided to manipulate the magnetic plate. A sterile cover is detachably mounted over the handle. The support arm includes a telescoping member and rotatable joints.2008-08-28
20080203259BRACKET - A bracket includes a body with a first clamp and a second clamp. The first clamp is pivotably mounted and operatively engaged with a first lever that is pivotable between a release position and a locking position. A second lever is operatively engaged with the first lever to prevent the first lever from pivoting from a locking position to a release position.2008-08-28
20080203260Finger grip mounting apparatus - A flexible portable device holding and cradling apparatus that overcomes limitations of the prior art by providing a flexible portable device mounting apparatus provided by a frame that is structured for being coupled to an external mounting device, the frame having a mounting surface and a plurality of first and second passages provided adjacent to each of opposing side edges thereof; a plurality of substantially resiliently flexible clamps each having a leg portion, a finger portion extended from the leg portion, and a substantially resiliently flexible urging portion coupled between the leg portion and the finger portion; and coupling means operating between different ones of the first and second passages of the frame and the leg portion of each of different ones of the clamps for coupling the leg portion relative to the mounting surface.2008-08-28
20080203261BARN DOOR ROLLER/ADJUSTMENT - An adjustable door hanger bolt assembly for tubular tracks that uses a wheel trolley truck assembly that has a pair of rollers in a wheel trolley frame and a hanger bolt assembly hanging down from the trolley frame within an adjustment device. Preferably, the adjustment device is an adjustment bolt from the front to move the hanger bolt towards or away from the building to accommodate for variability in building framing so that a hung door, for example a barn door, can close tightly and be bird and critter proof.2008-08-28
20080203262Support member systems and methods - The present disclosure includes a number of system and method embodiments. One such system embodiment includes a first support member, a second support member and a third support member including a plurality of longitudinally spaced aligning holes extending therethrough. The first support member extends in a z direction of a (x, y, z) Cartesian coordinate system, the second support member extends in an x direction and the third support member extends in the y direction. Also, the first support member, the second support member, and the third support member are rigidly fastened together via three removable fastening members.2008-08-28
20080203263Adaptive mounting structure - A novel adaptive mounting device that effectively mounts and secures objects to nonplanar surfaces, and in particular effectively mounts and secures objects in a quick and efficient manner to complex contours of different automotive vehicle dashboard and other interior vehicle surfaces having differing coverings of differing textures. By example and without limitation, this novel adaptive mounting device includes a substantially flexible container containing a substantially plastically formable composition; a frame at least partially embedded in the plastically formable composition; and a presentation structure substantially supported on the frame external of the container. A method for manufacturing the novel adaptive mounting device is also provided.2008-08-28
20080203264COASTER - An improved coaster that is cling resistant and simultaneously transportable with a drinking vessel.2008-08-28
20080203265VEHICLE JACK STAND - A jack stand for supporting a vehicle in a lifted position to allow work on the vehicle. The jack stand has a supporting base, an upstanding hollow socket and a post reciprocal within the socket. A pair of holes are provided in a horizontal plane on the post spaced from a pair of holes in one or more horizontal rows spaced vertically in the post. A pair of holes in a horizontal row are provided on the socket aligned with the holes in one horizontal row on the post so a locking member can be inserted therethrough.2008-08-28
20080203266Adhesive tape wall hanging system - A wall fixture attachment device for securing a wall fixture to a support structure comprising a release liner including a main body portion and an integral extended body portion foldable over a length of the main body portion, an adhesive material having a first adhesive surface and a second adhesive surface, the first adhesive surface adjacent to and in contact with the integral extended body portion of the release liner and the second adhesive surface placed in contact with the wall fixture and a removable protective cover adjacent to and in contact with the second adhesive surface prior to contact of the second adhesive surface with the wall fixture, wherein the integral extended body portion of the release liner is peelably released from the first adhesive surface to expose the first adhesive surface for adhesive contact with the support structure. A method of application is also disclosed.2008-08-28
20080203267Mounting frame for portable equipment - The present invention includes a frame that is quickly and easily assembled and disassembled. The frame may be used for supporting a portable forced air heater, or other similar equipment. Handles, supports, and optionally a wheel assembly is assembled to two core members using snap lock buttons. In a preferred embodiment, the portable forced air heater includes a maintenance clock for measuring and recording operational parameters of a portable forced air heater, and for notifying a user that maintenance is required.2008-08-28
20080203268ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM - A probe card assembly can comprise a support structure to which a plurality of probes can be directly or indirectly attached. The probes can be disposed to contact an electronic device to be tested. The probe card assembly can further comprise actuators, which can be configured to change selectively an attitude of the support structure with respect to a reference structure. The probe card assembly can also comprise a plurality of lockable compliant structures. While unlocked, the lockable compliant structures can allow the support structure to move with respect to the reference structure. While locked, however, the compliant structures can provide mechanical resistance to movement of the support structure with respect to the reference structure.2008-08-28
20080203269MAGNETIC STEP PINS ASSEMBLY AND METHOD OF INSTALLATION - A magnetic step pin assembly for a concrete structure including an elongated plate having at least one magnet installed on a first side of the plate and at least two step pin pegs extending from a second side of the plate, and a plurality of cam pins for insertion into holes formed by the at least two step pin pegs, thereby forming a ladder for the concrete structure.2008-08-28
20080203270Void Former - A void former particularly for use with a lifting anchor cast into a concrete component is of two piece construction comprising a flexible element and a separate body which is substantially rigid. The flexible element is engageable with the head of the lifting anchor and is maintained in position by the rigid body which also acts to maintain the shape of the void during casting. After casting the rigid body is removed from the flexible element to thereby permit the flexible element to be disengaged from the lifting anchor by manipulation. The void former is thereby removable after casting without destruction of the void former and is thereby suitable for repeated use.2008-08-28
20080203271METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A REPLICA MOLD AND A REPLICA MOLD - There are provided a replica mold which is excellent in transferring a pattern of a master mold, and also has notably excellent hardness, transparency, heat resistance and chemical resistance, and a simple and inexpensive method of manufacturing the replica mold. A method of manufacturing a replica mold according to the present invention includes the steps of: applying, to a substrate, a replica mold material containing a polysilane and a silicone compound; pressing a master mold on which a predetermined minute pattern has been formed to the replica mold material which has been applied to the substrate; irradiating energy rays from a side of the substrate while the master mold is contacted by press with the replica mold material; releasing the master mold; and irradiating the replica mold material with energy rays from a side to which the master mold has been pressed.2008-08-28
20080203272PRESSING MOLD AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME - A pressing mold for use in press working of a material includes a mold body, a coating film formed on the portion of the pressing mold that comes into contact with the material in the press working, the coating film being formed by PVD method. The coating film includes a TiN layer formed on a surface of the mold body, a Ti(C2008-08-28
20080203273System and Method for Controlling a Led Luminary - The present invention relates to a control system (2008-08-28
20080203274Solar sensor - Solar sensors are used, e.g., for generating a signal for controlling air conditioning systems in motor vehicles. To accomplish this, it is necessary that the signal is representative of the so-called solar load independent of angle of incidence of sunbeams. For this purpose, the sunbeams striking the solar sensor must be appropriately scattered. This is achieved by applying a layer of hollow microbeads to the interior of the housing of the solar sensor.2008-08-28
20080203275Luminaire And Light Sensor For Said Luminaire - The luminaire accommodates a light-sensor unit (2008-08-28
20080203276Low Height Imaging System And Associated Methods - In an embodiment, a low height imaging system has: one or more optical channels and a detector array, each of the optical channels (a) associated with at least one detector of the array, (b) having one or more optical components and a restrictive ray corrector, and (c) configured to direct steeper incident angle field rays onto the at least one detector.2008-08-28
20080203277Light Sensitive System and Method for Attenuating the Effect of Ambient Light - There is provided a light-sensitive system responsive to light supplied by the system and less responsive to other light. The system includes a light source operable to supply time-modulated illumination, and a light sensor having greater response to the time-modulated illumination than to light from sources not so modulated. The invention may be embodied as a camera sensitive to supplied light and relatively insensitive to ambient light, and is useful in providing images for automated image interpretation. A method for photographing an object is also provided.2008-08-28
20080203278Solid state imaging device and imaging apparatus - A solid state imaging device having an image area in which a plurality of light receiving pixels is arranged on a semiconductor substrate of a first conductive type is disclosed. The device includes: a plurality of photosensor parts formed by providing on the semiconductor substrate a light receiving area and a photoelectric conversion area both configuring the light receiving pixel; a first well region formed on the opposite side of the light receiving area, having a second conductive type opposite to the first conductive type, and forming an overflow barrier; a second well region of the second conductive type formed in an area except a place corresponding to the photosensor part on the opposite side of the photoelectric conversion area; and a first conductive region formed in an area corresponding to the photosensor part on the opposite side of the photoelectric conversion area.2008-08-28
20080203279Electro-optical device, semiconductor device, display device, and electronic apparatus having the display device - An electro-optical device includes a panel formed so that an electro-optical material is held between a first substrate and a second substrate, a lighting unit that irradiates light to a surface of the first substrate or the second substrate of the panel, a light detecting portion that detects an illuminance of ambient light, and a light control portion that controls the lighting unit on the basis of result detected by the light detecting portion. The light detecting portion is provided on the first substrate or on the second substrate and includes a first optical sensor, a second optical sensor, a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electric potential applying portion. The first optical sensor is irradiated with ambient light. The second optical sensor is shielded against irradiation of ambient light. The electrodes are configured to overlap the respective optical sensors through an insulating layer.2008-08-28
20080203280Target-close electromagnetic energy emitting device - An apparatus having an excitation source that includes at least one laser diode and also having a handpiece with a disposable, bendable tip cannula is disclosed.2008-08-28
20080203281APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR BIOLOGICAL SENSING - A biological agent detector for detecting predetermined biological agents. The biological agent detector includes an optical fiber, a cladding that clads a length of the optical fiber and a bioindicator disposed within the cladding. The biological agent detector also includes a coherent light source that excites the optical fiber and a biological agent signature detector that detects the presence of a biological agent based upon a change in a resonance characteristic of the optical fiber caused by absorption of the predetermined biological agent into the cladding of the fiber.2008-08-28
20080203282SENSING ABSOLUTE POSITION OF AN ENCODED OBJECT - In one aspect of the present invention, a device for sensing an absolute position of an encoded object, comprising: a position tracking module comprising: a track illumination module configured to illuminate the encoded object with one more light beams, and to detect one or more light beams resulting from said illumination of said encoded object; and an absolute position determinator configured to determine the absolute position of the encoded object based on said one or more light beams resulting from said illumination of said encoded object.2008-08-28
20080203283OPTICAL ENCODER WITH DETECTOR LENS - An optical encoder of a transmissive optical encoding system is disclosed. The optical encoder includes an emitter, a detector, and a detector lens. The emitter includes a light source and a collimating lens. The detector includes a plurality of photosensors to detect light from the emitter. The detector lens is aligned with the plurality of photosensors to direct the light toward the plurality of photosensors. Embodiments of the optical encoder provide an increased effective sensing area, increased power delivery to the detector, and increased encoder life.2008-08-28
20080203284Method For Simultaneous Calibration of Mass Spectra and Identification of Peptides in Proteomic Analysis - The invention relates to a mass spectrometry calibration system that may be performed in real-time using the information contained within a sample without the addition of specific calibrants. When applied to a sample, such as a proteomic sample, the calibration system may identify the exact masses of peptides in the sample. The system involves the use of mathematical algorithms that iteratively estimate the error in the measurement and update the calibration parameters accordingly; thereby resulting in peptide mass identification.2008-08-28
20080203285Charged particle beam measurement equipment, size correction and standard sample for correction - Correction of widths obtained by measurement of a sample with the use of a scanning electron microscope is executed with greater precision. Use is made of a standard sample 2008-08-28
20080203286APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR COOLING IONS - An apparatus for secondary ion mass spectrometry is provided having a target surface for supporting a sample on the target surface and an ion source configured to direct a beam of primary ions toward the sample to sputter secondary ions and neutral particles from the sample, A first chamber having an inlet provides gas to maintain high pressure at the sample for cooling the secondary ions and neutral particles, the high pressure being in the range of about 102008-08-28
20080203287MULTIPOLE DEVICES AND METHODS - The present invention provides, inter alia, a multipole ion guide for moving and guiding ions, particularly in a mass spectrometer. The multipole ion guide comprises multiple rods with a resistive coating, and radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) voltages applying to the resistive coating of each rod. Devices and systems comprising the multipole ion guide, as well as methods of use thereof, are also provided.2008-08-28
20080203288Multiple Ion Injection in Mass Spectrometry - This invention relates to mass spectrometry that includes ion trapping in at least one of the stages of mass analysis. In particular, although not exclusively, this invention relates to tandem mass spectrometry where precursor ions and fragment ions are analysed. A method of mass spectrometry is provided comprising the sequential steps of: accumulating in an ion store a sample of one type of ions to be analysed; accumulating in the ion store a sample of another type of ions to be analysed; and mass analysing the combined samples of the ions; wherein the method comprises accumulating the sample of the one type of ions and/or the sample of another type of ions to achieve a target number of ions based on the results of a previous measurement of the respective type of ions.2008-08-28
20080203289Use of Ionic Matrices For Maldi Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Tissue Sections - The invention concerns improved methods for studying peptides/proteins expression in a tissue section or for determining at least one compound, in particular a protein, expression map in a tissue section, using ionic MALDI matrices.2008-08-28
20080203290Method and apparatus to accurately discriminate gas phase ions with several filtering devices in tandem - A method for fast and accurate recognition of species contained in trace amounts in complex mixtures such as ambient air or biological fluids is taught based on the use in tandem of one or several differential mobility analyzers (DMAs) and possibly also a mass spectrometer (MS), all arranged in series. The two DMAs operate in different regions of the ion drag versus drift velocity curve (for instance, linear versus nonlinear regions), hence separating according to more than one independently discriminating parameters of the ion. Very high discrimination can be achieved even with a single stage of mass spectrometric separation by selecting a narrow range of ions with the DMA, and analyzing them in the MS, first without fragmentation, and then with fragmentation. This process does not require necessarily a tandem MS when fragmentation takes place in the inlet region of the MS. Fast and accurate discrimination is possible in single ion monitoring mode (SIM) for a large number of targeted species, even with relatively inexpensive and light single quadrupole MS systems, where the various filters placed in series would open pre-configured narrow windows suitable for passage of each ion in a list.2008-08-28
20080203291Ion detection using a pillar chip - Methods and assemblies for ion detection in samples using a chip with elevated sample zones, also known as a “pillar chip.” Methods include analyzing such a sample by desorbing a sample from a chip, producing a described ion sample and detecting the same. The chip comprises a base having a surface and one or more structures protruding above the surface of the base. Each structure comprises a pillar and a sample zone, the latter containing a support material and the sample to be analyzed. Assemblies include a chip such as that described above and a conductive element that comprises an aperture of sufficient proportion to allow passage of a molecular ion and that is adapted to be at a different electrical potential than the base of the chip.2008-08-28
20080203292Mass spectrometer - An object of the present invention is to provide a mass spectrometer that uses a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for performing mass spectrometry on the basis of the difference in flight time based on mass of desired ions, and that is suitable for improving the sensitivity and analysis precision of the mass spectrometer. A gate electrode is located at a stage before an acceleration region that is located before an emitter for emitting ions. This gate electrode is capable of applying the voltage that is set on a mass-number region basis, and is also capable of separating desired ions to be measured on the basis of the mass number by switching the gate electrode at high speed. Therefore, it is possible to improve the resolution.2008-08-28
20080203293Multi-Electrode Ion Trap - This invention relates generally to multi-reflection electrostatic systems, and more particularly to improvements in and relating to the Orbitrap electrostatic ion trap. A method of operating an electrostatic ion trapping device having an array of electrodes operable to mimic a single electrode is proposed, the method comprising determining three or more different voltages that, when applied to respective electrodes of the plurality of electrodes, generate an electrostatic trapping field that approximates the field that would be generated by applying a voltage to the single electrode, and applying the three or more so determined voltages to the respective electrodes. Further improvements lie in measuring a plurality of features from peaks with different intensities from one or more collected mass spectra to derive characteristics, and using the measured characteristics to improve the voltages to be applied to the plurality of electrodes.2008-08-28
20080203294System and Method for Implementing Balanced RF Fields in an Ion Trap Device - A system and method are disclosed for effectively compensating for an unbalanced or non-zero centerline radio-frequency potential in a quadrupolar ion trap, the unbalanced centerline potential created by a compensation feature that minimizes non-linear field components created by one or more ejection slots in the ion trap. The ion trap includes a centerline that passes longitudinally through a trapping volume inside of the ion trap, a pair of Y electrodes with inner Y electrode surfaces that are approximately parallel to the centerline, and a pair of X electrodes with inner X electrode surfaces that are approximately parallel to the centerline. The X electrodes have ejection slots through which trapped ions are ejected from the ion trap. A Y signal with a Y signal amplitude is coupled to both of the Y electrodes. An X signal with an X signal amplitude is coupled to both of the X electrodes. The X signal amplitude is selected to be greater than the Y signal amplitude to thereby create a balanced centerline potential at the centerline of the ion trap device.2008-08-28
20080203295DEFORMATION METHOD OF NANOMETER SCALE MATERIAL USING PARTICLE BEAM AND NANO TOOL THEREBY - The present invention relates to a deformation method of nanometer-scale material using a particle beam and a nano-tool thereby. The deformation method of the nanometer-scale material using the particle beam according to the present invention is characterized in that the nanometer-scale material is bent toward a direction of the particle beam by irradiating the particle beam on the nanometer-scale material.2008-08-28
20080203296Transmission Electron Microscope Provided with Electronic Spectroscope - In order to correct measurement magnification and measurement position of a spectral image with high efficiency and with high accuracy using an electronic spectroscope and a transmission electron microscope regarding the spectral image formed in two orthogonal axes which are an amount of energy loss axis and a measurement position information axis; a method for correcting magnification and position and a system for correcting magnification and position, both of which are capable of correcting measurement magnification and measurement position of a spectral image with high efficiency and with high accuracy using an electronic spectroscope and a transmission electron microscope regarding the spectral image formed in two orthogonal axes which are an amount of energy loss axis and a measurement position information axis, are provided.2008-08-28
20080203297Specimen Inspection Equipment and How to Make the Electron Beam Absorbed Current Images - An object of the present invention is to obtain a clear absorbed current image without involving the difference in gain of amplifier between inputs, from absorbed currents detected by using a plurality of probes and to improve measurement efficiency.2008-08-28
20080203298Electrostatic Charge Measurement Method, Focus Adjustment Method, And Scanning Electron Microscope - The present invention aims to provide a method and a device of capable of suppressing error in electrostatic charge amount or defocus on the basis of electrostatic charge storage due to electron beam scanning when measuring the electrostatic charge amount of the sample or a focus adjustment amount by scanning the electron beam.2008-08-28
20080203299Charged Particle Beam Apparatus - It is an object of this invention to improve contact precision and probe operability. This invention controls sample stage movement and probe movement on an observation image using a single coordinate system, thereby allowing positioning using a sample stage stop error as a probe control movement amount. This invention also figures out the position of the tip of a probe using the observation image and stores the coordinates of the probe at a reference position on the image. This invention facilitates precise probe contact operation to a sample position of the order of microns.2008-08-28
20080203300Scanning Electron Microscope - Disclosed is a scanning electron microscope capable of checking an abrupt change of probe current due to changes in intensities of the respective condenser lenses when the probe current is intended to be changed by changing the intensities of the respective condenser lenses. The scanning electron microscope includes: an electron source for generating a beam of electrons; a first and second condenser lenses each for condensing the beam of electrons; an object lens for narrowly focusing the beam of electrons on a sample; a deflecting system for two-dimensionally scanning over the sample; and a detecting system for detecting secondary electrons generated from the sample due to the irradiation of the beam of electrons on the sample. In the scanning electron microscope, a first and second aperture plates each for blocking parts of the beam of electrons unnecessary for the sample are sequentially arranged between the first and second condenser lenses.2008-08-28
20080203301Electron Microscope - An object of the present invention is to prevent foreign bodies attracted by a magnetic field of an objective lens or an electric field of an electrode plate and adhered to a surface of the objective lens or electrode plate from dropping onto the surface of a sample and adhering there during observation of the sample.2008-08-28
20080203302SAMPLE TRANSFER UNIT AND SAMPLE TRANSFERRING METHOD - There is provided a mini environment type transfer unit which can efficiently transfer a sample to a critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) even in the case of use of a SMIF pod which can store only one photomask. In addition to a load port, a stocker which can store a plurality of photomasks is provided in the mini environment type transfer unit. A mask storage slot in which a plurality of storage units are stacked is provided in the stocker, and one photomask is stored in each storage unit. A sensor is provided in each storage unit to determine whether or not the photomask is normally stored. Additionally, a sensor is provided in each storage unit to detect whether or not the photomask exists.2008-08-28
20080203303SINGLE ELECTRODE CORONA DISCHARGE ELECTROCHEMICAL/ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION - A single electrode electrochemical/electrospray ionization source using a corona discharge and a method of analyzing a sample using a corona discharge single electrode electrochemical/electrospray ionization source are provided. In the corona discharge single electrode electrochemical/electrospray ionization technique electrons are removed from the metal tip of the device through gases present in the electrospray ion source resulting in electrochemical ionization of the sample of interest. The resulting odd electron sample cation (positive ion mode) or anion (negative ion mode) can then be analyzed by an appropriate technique, such as, for example, a mass spectrometer.2008-08-28
20080203304Multichannel instrumentation for large detector arrays - A multi-channel spectroscopy system that reads the radiation energy information deposited into a radiation detector, processes it and properly transfers it to a computer embedded to ancillary data (conditions, GPD information etc.). The implementation method chosen is a highly parallel structure of identical channels interfaced to the digital world through a custom-designed intelligent card (back-end) and a commercial data acquisition PC card.2008-08-28
20080203305Image pickup apparatus including image pickup devices having sensitivity in infrared region - A plurality of first pixels receive both visible light and infrared light. A plurality of second pixels receive infrared light. A ratio calculation unit calculates the ratio of an output signal of another first pixel different from saturated first pixel and an output signal of a second pixel corresponding to the another first pixel. A signal estimation unit multiplies the output signal of a second pixel corresponding to the saturated first pixel, by the ratio calculated by the ratio calculation unit. A subtractor subtracts the output of a second pixel corresponding to the saturated first pixel, from a signal estimated as an output signal of the saturated first pixel.2008-08-28
20080203306METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PLASMA-INDUCED TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY - A method of analyzing a remotely-located object includes the step of illuminating at least a portion of a targeted object with electromagnetic radiation to induce a phase transformation in the targeted object, wherein the phase transformation produces an emitter plasma, which emits terahertz radiation. The method also includes the step of ionizing a volume of an ambient gas to produce a sensor plasma by focusing an optical probe beam in the volume and the step of detecting an optical component of resultant radiation produced from an interaction of the focused optical probe beam and the terahertz radiation in the sensor plasma. Detecting an optical component of the resultant radiation emitted by the sensor plasma facilitates detection of a characteristic fingerprint of the targeted object imposed onto the terahertz radiation produced as a result of the induced phase transformation.2008-08-28
20080203307Encoded binary liveness detector - A device for detecting the presence of human skin including an illuminator source for providing a first encoded IR band and a second encoded IR band. The first encoded IR band is capable of being reflected from skin and the second encoded IR band is capable of being absorbed by skin. A detector receives the first and second encoded IR band after the bands have contacted the skin and provides an encoded signal indicating the presence or absence of each of the first and second IR bands. A processing unit decodes and processes the signal and indicates the presence of skin when the first IR band is present and the second IR band is absent.2008-08-28
20080203308CAR SIDE MIRROR EQUIPPED WITH THERMAL INFRARED CAMERA - Disclosed herein is a car side mirror equipped with a thermal infrared camera. The car side mirror includes a thermal infrared camera device, a video signal transmission device, a power unit. Associated with the side mirror device is a display device inside the car. The thermal infrared camera device includes a thermal image sensor for receiving infrared signals, an electronic circuit for determining whether an obstacle exists in front of a car, and containing an individual Identification (ID), and a video output unit for converting output signals into video signals. The thermal infrared camera device photographs one or more objects in a desired direction. The video signal transmission device transmits the video signals to a display device. The power unit supplies power to the thermal infrared camera device and the video signal transmission device. The display device identifies the individual ID of the thermal infrared camera and then receives the video signals.2008-08-28
20080203309Digital silicon photomultiplier for TOF-PET - A radiation detector includes an array of detector pixels each including an array of detector cells. Each detector cell includes a photodiode biased in a breakdown region and digital circuitry coupled with the photodiode and configured to output a first digital value in a quiescent state and a second digital value responsive to photon detection by the photodiode. Digital triggering circuitry is configured to output a trigger signal indicative of a start of an integration time period responsive to a selected number of one or more of the detector cells tranisitioning from the first digital value to the second digital value. Readout digital circuitry accumulates a count of a number of transitions of detector cells of the array of detector cells from the first digital state to the second digital state over the integration time period.2008-08-28
20080203310RADIATION IMAGE DETECTOR - Generation of residual images due to charge leakage is suppressed. A radiation image detector is constituted by: an upper planar electrode that transmits electromagnetic waves bearing radiation image information; a charge generating layer that generates electric charges when irradiated by the electromagnetic waves which are transmitted through the upper planar electrode; and a plurality of divided electrodes for collecting the electric charges generated by the charge generating layer. The divided electrodes have inclined electrode surfaces, which are inclined with respect to the upper planar electrode.2008-08-28
20080203311IMAGING APPARATUS AND RADIATION IMAGING SYSTEM - An imaging apparatus includes a plurality of pixels disposed on an insulation substrate. Each of the pixels includes a plurality of thin-film transistors, a conversion element disposed above the TFTs, and a plurality of insulating layers disposed between the conversion element and the plurality of TFTs. The plurality of TFTs includes a reading TFT having a gate electrode electrically connected to the conversion element and a first selecting TFT electrically connected to a source electrode or a drain electrode of the reading TFT. At least one of a signal wiring, to which a signal corresponding to an electric charge obtained by conversion of incident light or radiation performed by the conversion element is transferred, and a gate wiring that supplies a driving signal to a gate electrode of the first selecting thin-film transistor, is disposed between the plurality of insulating layers.2008-08-28
20080203312SCINTILLATOR PANEL AND FLAT-PANEL RADIATION DETECTOR - A scintillator panel comprising a scintillator plate containing a substrate having thereon a reflective layer, a sublayer and a scintillator layer in that order, wherein the scintillator plate is sealed with: a first protective film provided on a side of the scintillator layer; and a second protective film provided on a side of the substrate opposite the scintillator layer, wherein the first protective layer is not adhered to the scintillator layer, and the second protective layer contains an aluminum layer.2008-08-28
20080203313DEPTH SENSING IN CdZnTe PIXEL DETECTORS - Interaction depth of photons in a CdZnTe pixel detector is measured by configuring an ASIC connected to the detector to measure both positive polarity and negative polarity signal amplitudes and then measuring a core pixel having positive signal amplitude and hallow pixels having negative signal amplitude and surrounding the core pixel.2008-08-28
20080203314Prism spectrometer - An optical spectroscopy tool is provided. In one embodiment a highly efficient means by which moderate resolution spectroscopy may be performed in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) is described. In one embodiment the techniques can be used as a high throughput spectrometer to spatially disperse wavelengths in and around the VUV in such a manner as to generate a substantially flat field focal plane, suitable for use in combination with an array detector. Some embodiments utilize prism based spectrometers. Some embodiments utilize detector elements that may be movable and/or located within the spectrometer. In some embodiments, collimated light may be provided as an input to the spectrometer.2008-08-28