17th week of 2010 patent applcation highlights part 13 |
Patent application number | Title | Published |
20100102197 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COVERING A MONITOR SCREEN - A screen cover temporarily protects the screen of flat panel monitors. The screen cover generally includes a planar screen shield, which may be positioned in front of the monitor screen, and a plurality of elongated retention arms that are moveable between releasing and secured positions, which engage a rear surface of the monitor. The retention arms may include one or more articulating joints that employ springs to bias the retention arms toward a secured position. Some of the retention arms may extend from corner covers that removably receive corner portions of the shield. Springs may be slidably coupled with the corner covers to removably secure the corner covers with the shield under tension. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102198 | SIDEFORM SECURING SYSTEM - A sideform assembly ( | 2010-04-29 |
20100102199 | LIGHTING DEVICE - There is provided a lighting device, comprising at least one light emitter, at least one reflector and at least one sensor. The sensor is positioned within a region which receives direct light from the light emitter when the light emitter is emitting light. In some embodiments, the light emitter comprises one or more light emitting diode. In some embodiments, the sensor is positioned between the light emitter and a power supply. In some embodiments, the reflector comprises at least one opening, and light emitted by the light emitter passes through the opening to the sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor is sensitive to only some wavelengths of visible light. Some embodiments are back-reflecting lamps, and some are forward-reflecting lamps. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102200 | Terrestrial Solar Tracking Photovoltaic Array - A terrestrial solar tracking photovoltaic array that may include an elongated frame configured to mount solar cell modules in a longitudinally-extending and spaced-apart arrangement. The frame is able to rotate each of the solar cell modules along a first axis to simultaneously track the elevation of the sun during the course of a day. The frame is also able to rotate each solar cell array module along second axes that are substantially perpendicular to the first axis to track the azimuthal position of the sun during the course of the day. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102201 | Solar Tracking for Terrestrial Solar Arrays - An automated method causes a terrestrial solar cell array to track the sun. The solar cell system includes motors that adjust a position of the array along different respective axes with respect to the sun, wherein a first motor adjusts the inclination angle of the array relative to the surface of the earth and a second motor rotates the array about an axis substantially perpendicular to that surface. The method includes (a) using a software algorithm to predict a position of the sun at a future time; (b) using a computer model to determine respective positions for the motors corresponding to the solar cell array being substantially aligned with the sun at the future time; and (c) activating and operating the motors at respective particular speeds so that at the future time the solar cell array is substantially aligned with the sun. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102202 | Solar Tracking for Terrestrial Solar Arrays with Variable Start and Stop Positions - An automated method causes a terrestrial solar cell array to track the sun. The solar cell system includes motors that adjust a position of the array along different respective axes with respect to the sun, wherein a first motor adjusts the inclination angle of the array relative to the surface of the earth and a second motor rotates the array about an axis substantially perpendicular to that surface. The method includes (a) using a software algorithm to predict a position of the sun at a future time; (b) using a computer model to determine respective positions for the motors corresponding to the solar cell array being substantially aligned with the sun at the future time; and (c) activating and operating the motors at respective particular speeds so that at the future time the solar cell array is substantially aligned with the sun. The future time may correspond to any time during operation. An initial future time may correspond to a start up time after sunrise at which point the solar cell is to begin tracking the sun. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102203 | PULSE DATA RECORDER - A pulse data recorder system and method are provided. Upon the arrival or occurrence of an event or signal, the state of a digital switch is set. Upon receiving a pulse from a readout clock, the state of the switch is stored in a buffer memory, and the state of the switch is reset. As the readout clock is run, a time history of the state of the switch is obtained. The pulse data recorder can feature a plurality of unit cells, for use in imaging or other multiple pixel applications. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102204 | ACTIVE OPTICAL LIMITING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND METHODS - An optical switching system comprising an embodiment with a high pass filter operable to eliminate a portion of frequencies present in an image and an optical device operative to receive the spectrally modified image from the high pass filter, alternatively amplify the spectrally modified image, and propagate at least those frequency components in the spectrally modified image exhibiting a frequency less than an absorption frequency of the optical switching device when the optical switching device is active. Alternatively, the optical switching system may transmit an image only when the system is active. The optical switching system may, for example, comprise superluminescent light emitting diodes which may be, for example, formed in the shape of an inverted truncated prism. For human viewing purposes, the operative transmission ranges may closely coincide with the maximum sensitivity of the photopic response of the corresponding red, blue and green cones in human eyes. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102205 | VENTED HEADER ASSEMBLY OF AN IMAGE INTENSIFIER DEVICE - An image intensifier device and a method of fabricating the image intensifier device are disclosed. The image intensifier device includes a microchannel plate (MCP) having a thin-film applied to a surface thereof. An anode assembly comprising an image sensor mounted to a header is positioned adjacent the MCP. A spacer defining a mounting surface is positioned against a mounting surface of the header of the anode assembly for separating the MCP from the anode assembly. A recess is defined in either the header or the spacer at the interface between the header and the spacer. The recess forms a passageway defined between the spacer and the header thru which organic gases pass. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102206 | NEAR INFRARED/COLOR IMAGE SENSOR - A near infrared/color photodetector made in a monolithic form in a lightly-doped substrate of a first conductivity type covering a holder and comprising a face on the side opposed to the holder. The photodetector includes at least first and second photodiodes for the storage of electric charges photogenerated in the substrate, the second photodiode being adjacent to said face; and a first region extending at least between the second photodiode and the holder, preventing the passage of said charges between a first substrate portion being located between said region and the holder and a second substrate portion extending between said face and the first region, the first photodiode being adapted to store at least charges photogenerated in the first substrate portion and the second photodiode being adapted to store charges photogenerated in the second substrate portion. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102207 | Method for Measuring Information of Technical Systems - The invention relates to a method for measuring information of biological systems. The aim of the invention is to receive signals using less energy. To achieve this, random generators are used as receivers (B) of low-energy quanta, since the random generators can be regarded and implemented as antennae and receivers of signals of this type. The extensive natural transmission range of low-energy quanta can also be used to receive information from spatially remote systems. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102208 | CIRCUIT AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A CIRCUIT - A circuit and method for operating a circuit with a terminal for connecting a photodiode to output an output current dependent on the photocurrent of the photodiode, with a resistance device for generating a voltage drop dependent on a photocurrent of the photodiode, with a control loop connected to the resistance device for generating the output current dependent on the photocurrent, with a switching means connected to the terminal with first switch positions for a first operating mode for operating the photodiode in the reversed bias and with second switch positions for a second operating mode for operating the photodiode in the photovoltaic mode, wherein in the first operating mode in the first switch positions of the switching means, the resistance device and the control loop are bridged and/or are not connected, and in the second operating mode in the second switch positions of the switching means, the terminal is connected to the resistance device. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102209 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SEALING AN IMAGE INTENSIFIER DEVICE - A sealing structure for an optical device, such as an image intensifier device, is provided. The optical device includes an evacuated housing and an anode positioned within the evacuated housing. An interior sealing member extends from the anode. An exterior sealing member extends from a component of the image intensifier device, wherein the exterior sealing member is positioned to extend adjacent to and substantially parallel with the interior sealing member such that a gap is defined between the sealing members. A seal cup is positioned for sealing engagement with both the interior sealing member and the exterior sealing member to substantially maintain a vacuum condition within the housing. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102210 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS FO AN OBJECT - Method and device for measuring the multi-dimensional distribution of optical characteristics of an object, by carrying out the following operations:
| 2010-04-29 |
20100102211 | IMAGE CAPTURING SYSTEM AND IMAGE CAPTURING METHOD - Provided is an image capturing system comprising an irradiating section that sequentially irradiates an observed position with a plurality of types of irradiation light having different polarizations; a polarization filter section that includes a plurality of polarization filter units, which each include a plurality of returned polarized light filters that each pass light having a different polarization, the polarization filter section passing returned light from the observed position having each of the plurality of polarizations; and a light receiving section that receives the returned light passed by the polarization filter section having each of the plurality of polarizations. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102212 | LIGHT DETECTING DEVICE - A light detecting device includes a case, a reflector, and a light receiving element. The case is fixed to a windshield, and outside light passes through the windshield and an entrance hole defined in the case. A predetermined light travels from a predetermined area, and the reflector reflects the predetermined light of the outside light. The light receiving element is disposed in the case to have a distance from the windshield, and the distance is larger than a distance between the windshield and the entrance hole. The light receiving element receives the reflected predetermined light. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102213 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ALIGNING AN IMAGE SENSOR - An imaging device and a method for aligning an image sensor within the imaging device are disclosed. The imaging device comprises a housing and an image sensor assembly including a header and an image sensor mounted to the header. The header of the image sensor assembly is coupled to the housing. Means for aligning the image sensor with respect to the header are provided. Means for aligning the header with respect to the housing of the imaging device are also provided. A distance separating the image sensor alignment means and the header alignment means is pre-determined such that a distance between the image sensor and the housing of the imaging device is pre-determined. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102214 | Optical phase reference - A validation apparatus for testing the measurement accuracy of a phase fluorimeter comprising: | 2010-04-29 |
20100102215 | METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING 3-D LOCATION OF GAMMA INTERACTION AND FLAT PANEL GAMMA IMAGING HEAD APPARATUS USING THE SAME - The present invention provides a method for identifying a 3-D event location of a gamma interaction for enhancing the precision of event location determination and improving the practicability of an edge-on ends-read imaging detector. The method establishes two expected photopeak relations and a mapping table for every unit in the sensor array before imaging. In real practice, two sensing values with respect to the energy of scintillation photons generated during the detection on an event are obtained by the edge-on ends-read imaging detector. Furthermore, two energy windows corresponding to each sensing value are determined according to the corresponding expected photopeak relations. If both the two sensing values fall within the corresponding energy windows respectively, the event location along the long axis of sensor array is determined according to the sensor values with respect to the mapping table mentioned above. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102216 | CHROMATOGRAPHIC MASS SPECTROMETER - A chromatographic mass spectrometer | 2010-04-29 |
20100102217 | MS/MS MASS SPECTROMETER - The length of the collision cell ( | 2010-04-29 |
20100102218 | METHODS OF QUANTIFYING N2-(1-CARBOXYETHYL)-2'-DEOXY-GUANOSINE (CEdG) AND SYNTHESIS OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDES CONTAINING CEdG - Methods of quantifying a N | 2010-04-29 |
20100102219 | ION GATE FOR DUAL ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETER AND METHOD THEREOF - Disclosed is an ion gate for a dual IMS and method. The ion gate includes an ion source, a first gate electrode placed on one side of the ion source, a second gate electrode placed on the other side of the ion source, a third gate electrode placed on the side of the first gate electrode away from the ion source, a fourth gate electrode placed on the side of the second gate electrode away from the ion source, wherein during the ion storage, the potential at the position on the tube axis of the ion gate corresponding to the first gate electrode is different from the potentials at the positions on the tube axis corresponding to the ion source and the third gate electrode, and the potential at the position on the tube axis corresponding to the second gate electrode is different from the potentials at the positions on the tube axis corresponding to the ion source and the fourth gate electrode. According to the present invention, after sample gas enters the ion gates, charge exchange with reaction ions occurs between the first gate electrode and the second electrode, and positive and negative ions are continuously stored into the storage regions for the positive and negative ions. This leads to an improvement of utility rate of ions. Then, the ions are educed in a step-wise manner from the storage regions for the positive and negative ions by a simple control of a combination of the electrodes. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102220 | DETECTOR APPARATUS - A detector apparatus supplies samples of gas or vapour to an ion mobility spectrometer ( | 2010-04-29 |
20100102221 | APERTURED DIAPHRAGMS BETWEEN RF ION GUIDES - An apertured diaphragm disposed with an RF ion guide includes at least one of a weakly conductive solid dielectric material and a non-conducting dielectric with a weakly conducting surface layer. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102222 | SAMPLING SYSTEM FOR USE WITH SURFACE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY - In various embodiments of the invention, a device permits more efficient collection and transmission of ions produced by the action of a carrier gas containing metastable neutral excited-state species into a mass spectrometer. In one embodiment of the invention, the device incorporates the source for ionization in combination with a jet separator to efficiently remove excess carrier gas while permitting ions to be more efficiently transferred into the vacuum chamber of the mass spectrometer. In an embodiment of the invention, improved collection of ions produced by the carrier gas containing metastable neutral excited-state species at greater distances from between the position of the analyte and the position of the mass spectrometer are enabled. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102223 | Method and device for examining a surface of an object - A method for treating a surface of an object and a device suitable in particular for performing this method provide for examining the surface of the object with the aid of a particle beam to counteract the charge buildup on the object. A gas is supplied to convey the charge away from the surface and/or to neutralize it. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102224 | CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM APPARATUS - A charged particle beam apparatus for obtaining information of an uneven surface or a depression/protrusion of a sample by irradiating a charged particle beam to a sample having an uneven surface or a depression/protrusion at a plurality of focal positions, measuring signal emitted from the sample, and comparing profile waveforms corresponding to edge portions of the uneven surface. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102225 | Charged particle beam inspection apparatus and inspection method using charged particle beam - A charged particle beam inspection apparatus includes: an electron gun emitting an electron beam; first and second condenser lenses used to focus the electron beam; a beam control panel disposed between the first and second condenser lenses; and a control unit performing stabilizing processing in which excitation currents respectively supplied to the first condenser lens and the second condenser lens are set to have predetermined values, thereby the current amount of the electron beam passing through an opening of the beam control panel is regulated so that the electron beam to be emitted onto the sample has a larger current amount than that at a measurement, and then the electron beam is emitted onto the sample for a predetermined time period. After the stabilizing processing, the control unit sets the values of the excitation currents back to values for the measurement in order to measure dimensions of the sample, the excitation currents respectively supplied to the first and second condenser lenses. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102226 | PATTERNING DEVICE HOLDING APPARATUS AND APPLICATION THEREOF - A patterning device holding apparatus includes a support platform unit with a plurality of first positioning projections and a gripper unit. The gripper unit includes a head portion and a plurality of second positioning projections disposed on the head portion, and a rolling member set at a base portion. The grapping and releasing of the patterning device is achieved by the rotation of the gripper unit about a pivot substantially parallel with the center axis of the rolling member. The first and second positioning projections corporately abut against the edges of a patterning device to fix the patterning device in place. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102227 | ELECTRON BEAM APPARATUS - The present invention relates to a charged particle beam apparatus which employs a scanning electron microscope for sample inspection and defect review. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102228 | Image Recording Apparatus And Control Method Thereof - Disclosed is an image recording apparatus comprising a temperature sensing module, a detecting module, an image capture module and a control unit. The control unit acquires an appropriate high threshold and an appropriate low threshold corresponding to an ambient temperature sensed by a temperature sensing module. The control unit outputs a high threshold voltage and a low threshold voltage to the detecting module for adjusting the sensitivity of the image recording apparatus to suit a variable ambient temperature properly. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102229 | COMBINED SENSOR FOR PORTABLE COMMUNICATION DEVICES - The invention relates to a sensor adapted for a portable communication device, consisting of a first layer of a light absorbing material configured to absorb photons of a first wavelength range and being transparent to photons of a second wavelength range, a second layer of a light absorbing material configured to absorb photons of a second wavelength range and being transparent to photons of said first wavelength range. The sensor is characterized by that the first and the second light absorbing material are arranged on a substrate housing electronic components of the portable communication device, whereby the first and the second light absorbing material are arranged on top of each other, and wherein at least one of the light absorbing materials is adapted to detect the level of ambient light. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102230 | Light detection circuit for ambient light and proximity sensor - A circuit for implementing an ambient light sensing mode and a proximity sensing mode includes a first light sensor that is more sensitive to light in the infrared spectrum than to light in the visible spectrum and a light source that emits light in the infrared spectrum. The circuit further includes a second light sensor that is sensitive to light in the visible spectrum and a controller coupled to the first light sensor, the light source, and the second light sensor. The controller is configured to process an ambient light level output from the first light sensor without the light source energized with an output from the first light sensor with the light source energized to implement a proximity sensing mode. Further, the controller is configured to process an output from the second light sensor to implement an ambient light sensing mode. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102231 | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE - Disclosed is a bolometer infrared imaging device including a plural number of readout circuits, each comprising a bias circuit that includes a bias transistor that supplies a constant voltage to a bolometer device, a bias cancellation circuit that includes a canceller transistor that removes offset current component of the bolometer device and an integrating operational amplifier that integrates the difference current between the current flowing in the bias transistor and that flowing in the canceller transistor. The bias circuit includes a source follower circuit that receives a first input voltage and supplies an output voltage to the gate of the bias transistor. The bias cancellation circuit includes a source follower circuit that receives a second input voltage and supplies an output voltage to the gate of the canceller transistor. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102232 | ATMOSPHERIC GAS DETECTION APPARATUS AND METHOD - A method of detecting a target gas includes the step of traversing a target area with a gas-filter correlation radiometer having a field of view oriented towards the target area. The gas-filter correlation radiometer receives reflected radiation in a passband from the target area and produces gas-filter correlation radiometer signals from the received reflected radiation. A surface reflectivity spectral profile of the target area is determined. The presence of the target gas in the target area is then determined based upon the received reflected radiation and the surface reflectivity spectral profile of the target area. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102233 | Method of Local Electro-Magnetic Field Enhancement of Terahertz (THz) Radiation in Sub Wavelength Regions and Improved Coupling of Radiation to Materials through the Use of the Discontinuity Edge Effect - A method and apparatus for enhanced THz radiation coupling to molecules, includes the steps of depositing a test material near the discontinuity edges of a slotted member, and enhancing the THz radiation by transmitting THz radiation through the slots. The molecules of the test material are illuminated by the enhanced THz radiation that has been transmitted through the slots, thereby producing an increased coupling of EM radiation in the THz spectral range to said material. The molecules can be bio-molecules, explosive materials, or species of organisms. The slotted member can be a semiconductor film, a metallic film, in particular InSb, or layers thereof. THz detectors sense near field THz radiation that has been transmitted through said slots and the test material. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102234 | PAPER-SHEET RECOGNITION APPARATUS, PAPER-SHEET PROCESSING APPARATUS, AND PAPER-SHEET RECOGNITION METHOD - A paper-sheet recognition apparatus that acquires information from a paper sheet and recognizes the paper sheet based on the information. The apparatus includes one or more light emitting units that output first to n-th lights (n>2) of different wavelengths; an emission controller that performs emission control of the light emitting units; a light receiving unit that receive a component of a light, which has been emitted from the light emitting unit and then reflected from and/or transmitted through the paper sheet; and a paper-sheet recognition processor that recognizes the paper sheet by using an optical signal received by the light receiving unit. The emission controller performs the emission control of the light emitting units such that the number of light emissions per one emission cycle with respect each of to the first to n-th lights differs depending on information desired to be used in recognizing the paper sheet. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102235 | MINIATURE THERMOPILE SENSOR - A thermopile sensor for detecting infrared radiation arriving in an axial entering direction. The thermopile sensor comprises a metal housing that has a base section and a mantle section, a cavity between said mantle section and said base section, an opening in said mantle section opposite said base section for entering of said infrared radiation, thermopile chip on a top surface of the base section, electrical connectors connected to said thermopile chip(s) and which extending through said metal, and a radiation transparent window. Said thermopile sensor is a miniature sensor construction, in which said cavity has an inner dimension adapted for at least one thermopile chip. Said base section has an outer base dimension and a base thickness forming the first part of a thermal mass, and said mantle section extends with a length from said base section and has a wall thickness around said opening forming a second part of said thermal mass, which surrounds said thermopile chip. Electrical connectors are metal film leads on an electrical insulation membrane. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102236 | RADIATION DETECTING APPARATUS AND RADIATION DETECTING SYSTEM - To reduce peeling between members constituting an radiation detecting apparatus, the radiation detecting apparatus of the present invention includes a laminating layered structure in which a supporting substance, an adhesive layer, an array substrate having a photoelectric conversion element, a scintillator layer for converting a radiation into light and a resin layer are stacked in this order. Of arrangement regions of each layer in a plane direction, an arrangement region of the scintillator layer is broader than the region opposed to a photoelectric conversion element, and an arrangement region of the adhesive layer is the same as or broader than the arrangement region of the photoelectric conversion element and at least a portion of the arrangement region of the adhesive layer is narrower than that of the scintillator layer. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102237 | FLUORESCENT REFERENCE MEMBER AND FLUORESCENT DETECTION DEVICE INCLUDING FLUORESCENT REFERENCE MEMBER - A fluorescent reference member capable of providing a detection reference with high reliability and a fluorescent detection device including the fluorescent reference member is provided. The fluorescent reference member includes a fluorescent reference plate having an irradiation surface on which a fluorescent ink contained in a fluorescent material emitting fluorescence upon receipt of irradiation of exciting light is applied and which is irradiated with the exciting light. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102238 | LUMINESCENCE QUANTUM EFFICIENCY MEASURING INSTRUMENT - A luminescence quantum efficiency measuring instrument is provided for easily and surely changing luminescence of a luminescent sample exhibiting strong luminescence anisotropy into an isotropic luminescence and for accurately measuring the luminescence quantum efficiency of the luminescent sample. The luminescence quantum efficiency measuring instrument comprises an integrating sphere ( | 2010-04-29 |
20100102239 | MULTIMODALITY IMAGING SYSTEM - The application discloses multimodality imaging systems that include a gantry with a stationary unit and a rotating unit rotatable around a rotation axis and providing an opening extending along the rotation axis through which a subject is insertable, a support table coupled to the stationary unit for supporting a subject, a table drive unit coupled to the support table for translating the support table in a direction extending along the rotation axis, and a CT source coupled to the rotating unit, the CT source being configured to emit a fan beam through the opening, a CT detector coupled to the rotating unit opposite the CT source, the CT source being configured to detect the fan beam, a nuclear imaging detector coupled to the rotating unit, the nuclear imaging detector being configured to detect nuclear radiation emitted from within the opening in a direction differing from a propagation direction of the fan beam. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102240 | SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTION APPARATUS - The apparatus has an energy calculation section | 2010-04-29 |
20100102241 | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF X-RAY DETECTION WITH A SENSOR - A system and method for automatic detection of x-rays at an x-ray sensor. A source emits x-ray radiation towards an x-ray sensor, and the x-ray sensor automatically detects the x-ray radiation. The x-ray sensor automatically detects x-ray radiation by evaluating a time series and determining that a voltage threshold is crossed a certain amount of time earlier than the average time it takes the voltage threshold to be crossed from dark current and other noise. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102242 | MULTI-LAYER RADIATION DETECTOR ASSEMBLY - A technique is provided for forming a multi-layer radiation detector. The technique includes a charge-integrating photodetector layer provided in conjunction with a photon-counting photodetector layer. In one embodiment, a plurality of photon-counting photosensor elements are disposed adjacent to a plurality of charge-integrating photosensor elements of the respective layers. Both sets of elements are connected to readout circuitry and a data acquisition system. The detector arrangement may be used for energy discriminating computed tomography imaging and similar computed tomography systems. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102243 | RADIATION MONITOR AND METHOD FOR CHECKING OPERATION OF THE SAME - A sensor section is provided with a detection element sensitive to light and radiation so that normal operation of the sensor section can be confirmed. The function for confirming operation of the sensor section using an optical pulse signal from a light emitting element is controlled from a monitor module section for connection with the sensor section. When the optical pulse for confirming operation of the detection element is generated, output from the sensor section is excluded from operation at the monitor module section so that confirmation of operation by an optical pulse is not affected. Furthermore, a configuration for stopping the sensor operation confirmation function when the output from the sensor section is high counting rate is provided over both the sensor section and the monitor module section. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102244 | Methods and Systems for Treating Cancer Using External Beam Radiation - A radiation system employs magnetic field to move particle beams and radiation sources. The radiation system includes a source operable to produce a particle beam, a scanning magnet operable to scan the particle beam, and a target configured to be impinged by at least a portion of the scanned particle beam to produce radiation. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102245 | PHOTOCATHODE WITH NANOMEMBRANE - Optical beam modulation is accomplished with the aid of a semiconductive nanomembrane, such as a silicon nanomembrane. A photocathode modulates a beam of charged particles that flow between the carbon nanotube emitter and the anode. A light source, or other source of electromagnetic radiation, supplies electromagnetic radiation that modulates the beam of charged particles. The beam of charged particles may be electrons, ions, or other charged particles. The electromagnetic radiation penetrates a silicon dioxide layer to reach the nanomembrane and varies the amount of available charge carriers within the nanomembrane, thereby changing the resistance of the nanomembrane. As the resistance of the nanomembrane changes, the amount of current flowing through the beam may also change. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102246 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MONITORING BEAM POSITION BY USING ELECTROOPTIC EFFECT - An apparatus and method for monitoring a beam position using an electrooptic effect are disclosed. The apparatus for measuring the position of a charged particle passing through the interior of an accelerator includes: a crystal positioned within the accelerator and allowing laser generated from a laser generating unit to pass therethrough; a polarization unit polarizing the laser that has passed through the crystal; and a measurement unit measuring the polarized state of the polarized laser to monitor the charged particle. The position of the charged particle passing through the interior of the accelerator can be more accurately measured. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102247 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING AND REGISTERING PROPERTIES OF SAMPLES - A laser beam ( | 2010-04-29 |
20100102248 | Transmission Electron Microscope Sample Holder with Optical Features - A sample holder for holding a sample to be observed for research purposes, particularly in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), generally includes an external alignment part for directing a light beam in a predetermined beam direction, a sample holder body in optical communication with the external alignment part and a sample support member disposed at a distal end of the sample holder body opposite the external alignment part for holding a sample to be analyzed. The sample holder body defines an internal conduit for the light beam and the sample support member includes a light beam positioner for directing the light beam between the sample holder body and the sample held by the sample support member. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102249 | METHOD OF LUMINESCENT SOLID STATE DOSIMETRY OF MIXED RADIATIONS - A method of determining the doses of neutrons, gamma and X-ray photons, beta, alpha and other ionizing radiations using a method of image processing in spatial and frequency domain that produces parameters that are related to the radiation dose absorbed in a luminescent material. Portions of the luminescent material may be covered by different converters to allow for doses of different radiations to be discriminated. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102250 | PHOSPHOR BASED AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM - A phosphor (photo-luminescent) material based authentication system in which a blend (mixture) of at least two, preferably three or more, phosphor materials are used as a photo-luminescent security marking which is applied to or incorporated within an article/document to be authenticated. Preferably, the phosphor materials are each excitable by “eye safe” excitation radiation comprising visible light of wavelength 380 nm to 780 nm. Moreover, when excited the security marking preferably also emits visible light thereby minimizing any risk of damage to an operator's eye in the event of accidental exposure to the excitation radiation and/or light generated by the photo-luminescent marking. The authenticity of the article/document can be authenticated by verification of the composition of the phosphor by exciting the marking and comparing one or more selected parameters of light emitted by the security marking with corresponding parameters of the characteristic emission spectrum of the authentic phosphor blend. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102251 | Optical element and process for its preparation - The present invention has the objective to increase the light output yield of a light conversion foil in comparison to the impacting light. There is proposed to realize the following effects in the various layers of a conversion foil, individually or in combination, namely the isolation of the conversion layer ( | 2010-04-29 |
20100102252 | Hand held sterilization devices - Convenient mobile sterilization devices are described herein that, in certain embodiments, provide secure storage in a niche in a protective housing and one-button action to automatically deploy and activate the device for quick and powerful destruction of germs on a surface using one hand. Users can hold the UV-light device and move it across a target surface to sterilize or disinfect the surface. The device may be compact, easily deployed, provided with a durable cover for secure storage, and equipped with safety shut-off features to prevent unwanted uses. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102253 | STERILIZATION APPARATUS FOR FABRIC AND SHOES - The invention discloses a sterilization apparatus for a fabric and shoes. The sterilization apparatus of the invention includes an organization member for containing the fabric or shoes. The sterilization apparatus of the invention further includes a light sterilization type member and/or an exsiccating member disposed with the organization member for sterilizing or drying the fabric or shoes. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102254 | ELECTRON BEAM APPARATUS - A writing apparatus includes a beam current detector which detects abeam current of the electron beam during execution of the writing when the substrate is not irradiated; a fluctuation value calculator which calculates a fluctuation value of the electron beam based on the beam current; and a corrector which corrects the electron beam fluctuation during the writing based on the fluctuation value. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102255 | METHOD OF TRANSFERRING PATTERN OF RETICLE, COMPUTER READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING DEVICE - A method includes setting a target pattern to be formed on a substrate using a reticle, obtaining a first pattern using the reticle and a first illumination condition, calculating, a second illumination condition under which the target pattern is transferred onto the substrate using the reticle, and a third illumination condition under which the first pattern is transferred onto a substrate using the reticle, using mathematical models each of which defines the relationship between an illumination condition and a virtual pattern transferred onto a substrate using the illumination condition, determining a fourth illumination condition, obtained by adding the difference between the calculated second illumination condition and third illumination condition to the first illumination condition, as the illumination condition, and transferring the pattern of the reticle onto the substrate by illuminating the reticle using the determined illumination condition. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102256 | Surface plasmon device - A device comprising first and second antennas and a waveguide configured to guide surface plasmons between the first and second antennas. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102257 | VAPOR VENT CONTROL APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND OUTBOARD MARINE ENGINE THEREWITH - An outboard marine engine has vapor vent control apparatus including a fuel inlet in fluid communication with a fuel reservoir of the engine. The fuel inlet is operably attachable to a fuel pin of a fuel connector. When attached, liquid fuel flows to the fuel reservoir and when detached, liquid fuel flow out of the fuel inlet is prevented. A vapor vent passage is configured in fluid communication with the liquid fuel reservoir and an air intake of the engine. A vent pin is disposed in the vapor vent passage. The vent pin moves between a first position upon attaching the fuel connector to the fuel inlet and a second position upon detaching the fuel connector from the fuel inlet. In the first position, the vapor vent passage is open to fuel vapor flow and, when in the second position, the vapor vent passage is closed to fuel vapor flow. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102258 | FLUID CUTOFF DEVICE AND GAS METER WITH THE FLUID CUTOFF DEVICE - By removably disposing a fluid cutoff device in a gas piping, a gas cutoff management function for remote cutting-off/return, etc., can be added to an existing flow measuring unit, and a communicating portion can make bidirectional communications, so that by transmitting an acceptance state of a remote operation from the external device to the external device, higher reliability and safety can be realized, and by detecting use with the fluid cutoff device removed, safety can be further improved while unauthorized use is prevented. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102259 | Tubular valve device - The presented valve ( | 2010-04-29 |
20100102260 | ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATOR DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE ACTUATION OF FLUID VALVES - The device ( | 2010-04-29 |
20100102261 | Microfluidic valve mechanism - A valve mechanism includes a rigid body structure through which various channel structures are configured. A valve actuation mechanism is coupled to the rigid body structure. The valve mechanism is actuated to move a plunger within a fluid pathway, thereby opening the fluid pathway through the valve mechanism. An actuation element is actuated by the valve actuation mechanism and either directly or indirectly releases a retaining force holding the plunger in closed position. The pressure from the input fluid flow is sufficient to move the plunger once the retaining force is removed, thereby opening the valve mechanism. The valve mechanism can be configured as a single-use device, where the valve mechanism is initially closed and when actuated, is open. Once open, the valve mechanism remains open, even when the valve actuation mechanism is disengaged. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102262 | PACKING FOLLOWERS FOR USE WITH VALVES - Packing followers for use with valves are described. An example packing follower for use with a valve includes a body having an elongated portion and a bore therethrough to receive a shaft. A portion of the bore is tapered to exert a force on a retainer that at least partially surrounds and is positioned within a groove of the shaft when the shaft moves toward an opening defined by the body. Additionally, the force has a first component in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the bore and a second component smaller than the first component in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bore. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102263 | Recessed Cutting Edge For Wire Cutting Gate Valves - A gate valve having a body, a chamber housed in the body, a passage through the body that intersects the chamber, a gate for selectively opening and closing the valve, and a cutting edge on the gate. The cutting edge can sever any lines that may be in the valve and still seal after closing. The gate includes a recess formed to collect cuttings formed while severing the line. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102264 | SHEAR VALVE APPARATUS AND METHODS TO IMPROVE LEAKAGE AND WEAR - A shear valve assembly includes a stationary valve manifold having a manifold planar surface containing a plurality of manifold input ports and one or more manifold output ports, a movable valve switch having a switch planar surface in slidable, interactive contact with the manifold planar surface forming an interactive contact junction, the switch planar surface having a fluid switching channel capable of connecting one of the plurality of manifold input ports with one of the one or more manifold output ports, a surface modifying component disposed at the interactive contact junction that provides a period of extended useful life of the manifold planar surface and the switch planar surface beyond the useful life of pre-lubricated interactive contact junction, a drive shaft connected to the valve switch, and a valve housing supporting the stationary valve manifold, the movable valve switch, and the drive shaft. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102265 | GEL ELECTROLYTE OF DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME - Disclosed is a gel electrolyte for a photosensitive dye and method for manufacturing the same. First, bismaleimide and barbituric acid are dissolved in Brönsted base solution to form a gelling additive. Subsequently, the gelling additive is added into an ionic liquid electrolyte. The liquid electrolyte is then gelled at room temperature to form a gel electrolyte for the photosensitive dye utilized in dye sensitized solar cells. In addition, barbituric acid is further added into the gelling additive to enhance the gelling rate of the ionic liquid electrolyte. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102266 | IRON POWDER PHOSPHONATE COATING - A fluid includes a liquid medium having iron particles mixed therein. An organic phosphonate based coating is established on the iron particles. The organic phosphonate based coating does not substantially include phosphonic acid groups at an outer surface thereof, and increases oxidation resistance of the iron particles. A method of making such a liquid medium is also disclosed herein. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102267 | SNOW REMOVAL AGENT AND PREPARATION METHOD - A snow removal agent for melting snow, consisting of magnesium chloride, halite, urea, sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium metasilicate, wherein the sodium tripolyphosphate and the sodium metasilicate each account for an identical weight percentage in the agent, wherein the halite is crushed to a size of 7-20 mm and aged for 24-48 hours. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102268 | DISPERSION COMPRISING CERIUM OXIDE AND COLLOIDAL SILICON DIOXIDE - A dispersion comprising cerium oxide particles and colloidal silicon dioxide particles, where—the zeta potential of the silicon dioxide particles is negative and that of the cerium oxide particles is positive or equal to zero, and the zeta potential of the dispersion is negative overall, and—the mean particle diameter of the cerium oxide particles is not more than 200 nm and that of the silicon dioxide particles is not more than 100 nm, the mean particle diameter of the cerium oxide particles being greater than that of the silicon dioxide particles—the cerium oxide/silicon dioxide weight ratio is from 1.1:1 to 100:1 and—the pH of the dispersion is from 7.5 to 10.5. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102269 | Thick Film Getter Paste Compositions for Use in Moisture Control - The invention is directed to a screen-printable getter composition comprising: (a) glass frit; dispersed in (b) organic medium. The invention is further directed to a screen-printable thick film getter composition comprising: (a) glass frit; and (b) desiccant material; dispersed in (c) organic medium. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102270 | Method for Preparing Lithium Iron Phosphate as a Positive Electrode Active Material for a Lithium Ion Secondary Battery - Disclosed herein is a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery comprising drying and sintering a mixture containing a lithium source, ferric oxide, phosphoric acid, a carbon source, and a solvent, in which the solvent is water and/or water soluble organic solvent. The lithium iron phosphate prepared by the inventive method has small particle size and uniform particle size distribution, and the battery prepared from the lithium iron phosphate has high initial discharge specific capacity, and good large-current discharge property and cycle performance. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102271 | Essential oil with citronellol and rose oxides from dracocephalum heterophyllum benth and a process thereof - This invention relates essential oil constituents citronellol and rose oxides and other constituents from a cold desert plant i.e. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102272 | AZEOTROPE-LIKE COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING 1-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUOROPROPENE - An azeotrope-like mixture consisting essentially of chlorotrifluoropropene and at least one component selected from the group consisting of a C | 2010-04-29 |
20100102273 | AZEOTROPE-LIKE COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING TRANS-1-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUOROPROPENE - An azeotrope-like mixture consisting essentially of chlorotrifluoropropene and at least one component selected from the group consisting of pentane, hexane, methanol, and trans-1,2-dichloroethene. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102274 | Chroman Compounds - The chroman compounds of the formula I according to the invention | 2010-04-29 |
20100102275 | LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE MEDIUM - Disclosed are a liquid-crystalline medium of negative dielectric anisotropy based on a mixture of polar compounds, which contains at least one compound of formula IA | 2010-04-29 |
20100102276 | PHOSPHOR FOR ULTRAVIOLET EXCITED LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE, PHOSPHOR PASTE, AND ULTRAVIOLET EXCITED LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE - The present invention provides a phosphor for an ultraviolet excited light-emitting device, a phosphor paste and an ultraviolet excited light-emitting device. A phosphor for an ultraviolet excited light-emitting device, the phosphor comprising an oxide containing M | 2010-04-29 |
20100102277 | Stabilized semiconductor nanocrystals - A semiconductor nanocrystal associated with a polydentate ligand. The polydentate ligand stabilizes the nanocrystal. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102278 | LOW TEMPERATURE WATER GAS SHIFT CATALYST - A low temperature water gas shift catalyst containing copper, zinc, aluminum in which the aluminum component is prepared from highly dispersible alumina as well as related methods are disclosed. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102279 | RADIATION SHIELDING MEMBERS INCLUDING NANO-PARTICLES AS A RADIATION SHIELDING MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME - Disclosed is a radiation shielding member having improved radiation absorption performance, including 80.0˜99.0 wt % of a polymer matrix or metal matrix and 1.0˜20.0 wt % of a radiation shielding material in the form of nano-particles having a size of 10˜900 nm as a result of pulverization, wherein the radiation shielding material is homogeneously dispersed in the matrix through powder mixing or melt mixing after treatment with a surfactant which is the same material as the matrix or which has high affinity for the matrix. A preparation method thereof is also provided. This radiation shielding member including the nano-particles as the shielding material further increases the collision probability of the shielding material with radiation, compared to conventional shielding members including micro-particles, thus reducing the mean free path of radiation in the shielding member, thereby exhibiting superior radiation shielding effects. At the same density, the shielding member has reduced thickness and volume and is thus lightweight. The porosity of the shielding member is minimized, thereby preventing the deterioration of shielding effects and properties of the shielding member and realizing applicability in spent fuel managing transport/storage environments and the like. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102280 | METHOD OF PRODUCING A FILM OF CARBON NANOTUBES ON A SUBSTRATE - A method of producing a film of carbon nanotubes on a substrate, a film produced by such method, and uses of such a film. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102281 | CONDUCTIVE FILM AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME - A method for manufacturing a conductive film composed of carbon nanotubes includes the steps of dispersing carbon nanotubes in a solution in which a perfluorosulfonate polymer is dissolved as a dispersant in a solvent; and filtering the solution in which the carbon nanotubes are dispersed. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102282 | PULVERULENT COMPOUNDS, PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF AND THE USE THEREOF IN ELECTROCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS - The present invention relates to pulverulent compounds of the formula Ni | 2010-04-29 |
20100102283 | COLOR FILTER ELEMENT WITH IMPROVED COLORANT DISPERSION - A color filter having a filter layer comprising a fluorinated phthalocyanine pigment and at least one second pigment. In one embodiment, the second pigment has a maximum absorption at a wavelength from 400 to 500 nm to create a green color filter. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102284 | APPARATUSES AND METHODS FOR AN IMPROVED VEHICLE JACK - Various embodiments of a vehicle jack include a base, an upright support mounted adjacent to and extending upwardly from the base, a toothed rack, a toothed bar pin, and a release handle. The toothed rack has a first end and a second end and defines a plurality of ratchet troughs therebetween, and the toothed rack is mounted adjacent the upright support. The ratchet assembly is adapted to move along a path defined by the upright support, and the toothed bar pin, which is mounted adjacent the ratchet assembly, is adapted to selectively engage a portion of the toothed rack adjacent one of the plurality of ratchet troughs as the ratchet assembly moves along the path. The release handle is mounted adjacent the second end of the toothed rack, and the release handle is adapted to selectively disengage the toothed bar pin from one of the plurality of ratchet troughs. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102285 | T-Post rustler - The T-Post Rustler is a device that is mounted to an adapter plate, which is mounted to an ATV or UTV so that the Rustler can be pinned into work or transport position. When in transport position the ATV or UTV can move to its destinations were it will began to remove metal t-posts on fence rows or etc. When in position you will remove transport pins, then let the Rustler down so that metal foot touches the ground. Now release the winch cable so that the locking plate becomes free from the Rustler so that you can slid the locking plate over and down the metal t-post to the lowest point. Then you can began to winch the t-post out of the ground, once the t-post is out the ground then slid the locking plate off the t-post and then place locking plate back into transport position. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102286 | PULLING JACKET FOR USE WHILE INSTALLING WIRES IN CONDUIT - A system for installing wire and the like in a conduit which includes a plurality of wire pulling grips and a puling jacket is provided. The wire pulling jacket encloses the wire pulling grips and keeps them bundled together, making it easier for an operator to use the same. The wire pulling jacket protects the pulling grips by preventing the grips from catching on the conduit, and also keeps the pulling grips clean. The pulling jacket also increases operator safety by reducing the risk that the operator gets a finger, glove, or other part of the body caught in the wire puling grips as these are pulled into the conduit. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102287 | LIFTING GEAR - The invention relates to lifting gear having a drive unit ( | 2010-04-29 |
20100102288 | WINCH AND BRAKING DEVICE THEREOF - A braking device for a winch comprises a braking bush, a brake driving shaft having one end connected to an output shaft of the motor and another end of the brake driving shaft having a first axial protrusion. A brake driven shaft defines an end rotatably disposed in the braking bush and having a second axial protrusion opposed to the first axial protrusion. A brake shoe is disposed between the first axial protrusion and the second axial protrusion. An elastic member is connected to the second axial protrusion and the brake shoe and normally urges the brake shoe toward the first axial protrusion. A winch having the braking device is also disclosed. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102289 | NONVOLATILE RESISTIVE MEMORY DEVICES - Nonvolatile resistive memory devices are disclosed. In some embodiments, the memory devices comprise multilayer structures including electrodes, one or more resistive storage layers, and separation layers. The separation layers insulate the resistive storage layers to prevent charge leakage from the storage layers and allow for the use of thin resistive storage layers. In some embodiments, the nonvolatile resistive memory device includes a metallic multilayer comprising two metallic layers about an interlayer. A dopant at an interface of the interlayer and metallic layers can provide a switchable electric field within the multilayer. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102290 | SILICON BASED NANOSCALE CROSSBAR MEMORY - The present application describes a crossbar memory array. The memory array includes a first array of parallel nanowires of a first material and a second array of parallel nanowires of a second material. The first and the second array are oriented at an angle with each other. The array further includes a plurality of nanostructures of non-crystalline silicon disposed between a nanowire of the first material and a nanowire of the second material at each intersection of the two arrays. The nanostructures form a resistive memory cell together with the nanowires of the first and second materials. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102291 | CARBON-BASED MEMORY ELEMENTS EXHIBITING REDUCED DELAMINATION AND METHODS OF FORMING THE SAME - A method of forming a reversible resistance-switching metal-insulator-metal (“MIM”) stack is provided, the method including forming a first conducting layer comprising a degenerately doped semiconductor material, and forming a carbon-based reversible resistance-switching material above the first conducting layer. Other aspects are also provided. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102292 | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE USING GRAPHENE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME - A semiconductor graphene is used for a channel layer, and a metal graphene is used for electrode layers for a source, a drain, and a gate which serve as interconnections as well. An oxide is used for a gate insulating layer. The channel layer and the electrode layers are located on the same plane. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102293 | III/V-SEMICONDUCTOR - The invention relates to a monolithic integrated semiconductor structure comprising a carrier layer on the basis of doped Si or doped GaP and a III/V semiconductor disposed thereupon and having the composition Ga | 2010-04-29 |
20100102294 | ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE WITH NANO-DOTS AND FABRICATION METHOD THEREOF - An organic light emitting diode (OLED) with nano-dots and a fabrication method thereof are disclosed. The OLED apparatus comprises a substrate, a first electrically conductive layer, a first emission-auxiliary layer, an emissive layer, a second emission-auxiliary layer and a second electrically conductive layer. Its fabrication method is described below. Nano-dots with functional groups on the surface are incorporated into the emissive layer, the first emission-auxiliary layer or the second emission-auxiliary layer to form a layered electro-luminescent structure. By using the fabrication method, the resultant efficiency of the OLEDs can be markedly enhanced. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102295 | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE - This invention discloses a light-emitting device comprising a semiconductor stack layer having an active layer of a multiple quantum well (MQW) structure comprising alternate stack layers of quantum well layers and barrier layers, wherein the barrier layers comprise at least one doped barrier layer and one undoped barrier layer. The doped barrier layer can improve the carrier mobility of the electron holes and increase the light-emitting area and the internal quantum efficiency of the active layer. | 2010-04-29 |
20100102296 | SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE - A semiconductor device has an active layer, a first semiconductor layer of first conductive type, an overflow prevention layer disposed between the active layer and the first semiconductor layer, which is doped with impurities of first conductive type and which prevents overflow of electrons or holes, a second semiconductor layer of first conductive type disposed at least one of between the active layer and the overflow prevention layer and between the overflow prevention layer and the first semiconductor layer, and an impurity diffusion prevention layer disposed between the first semiconductor layer and the active layer, which has a band gap smaller than those of the overflow prevention layer, the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer and which prevents diffusion of impurities of first conductive type. | 2010-04-29 |